CIRCLE THEOREMS

Lines

Chord Circumference Secant

O

Diameter
Arc Center Radius Tangent

Area

Minor Sector Major Sector O

Major Segment O Minor Segment

CIRCUMFERENCE: The boundary or perimeter around a circle. Circumference measures the distance around a circle. ARC: the two points on the circle and the continuous (unbroken) part of the circle between the two points. DIAMETER: The distance from one edge of the circle to the opposite end through the center. RADIUS: The distance from the center to the edge of a circle. CHORD: a line segment within a circle that touches 2 points on the circle. SECANT: A line that intersects with the circle at exactly two points TANGENT: A line, line segment, or ray that touches a circle at exactly one point. POINT OF TANGENCY: The point at which the tangent touches the circle. SEGMENT: The region between a chord of a circle and its associated arc. SECTOR: The area enclosed by two radii of a circle and their intercepted arc. A pie-shaped part of a circle.

CIRCLE THEOREMS
THEOREM 1: Angles in the same segment are equal.
x x
O

x
O

y y

EXERCISE Find the angles marked by letters.

a
0

p q 75
0 0 0

40 27 s
0 0

115
0

120 b
0 0

38 0 c

a c
0

31

r
0

p n
0

45

h 59 q
0 0

135

THEOREM 2: Angle at the center of a circle is twice the angle at the circumference.
x 2y O O 2x y

THEOREM 3: Angle in a semi circle is a right angle. Triangle in a semicircle is a right angled triangle.

EXERCISE Find the angles marked by letters.

0 0

60

b O 110
0

e c
0

O 0 a

O d 135
0

O
0

135
0

60 i
0

O 0 70 h
0

O j
0

i
0

43 O

0 0

80

35 k
0

O m
0

72
0

2n

O p
0

r q
0

THEOREM 4: Angles in opposite segment are supplementary; cyclic quadrilaterals.

a x O y b

a + b= 1800 x + y = 1800 x O x

EXERCISE Find the angles marked by letters.

85

110

92

e d
0

2d

108
0

94 O k
0

270 0 O 105 f
0 0

i 135
0

m
0

110
0

THEOREM 5: Chord theorem Equal cords are equidistant from the center.

The perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the center.

THEOREM 6: Tangent theorem Angle between tangent and radius of a circle is a right angle

Tangents from an external point are equal in length.

EXERCISE Find the angles and lengths marked by letters.

c O a
0

O 150
0

135 60
0 0

O r cm

5 cm 35
0

8 cm