CAPITAL AND OPERATING COST ESTIMATING SYSTEM

MANUAL FOR MINING AND BENEFICIATION OF

METALLIC AND NONMETALLIC MINERALS EXCEPT FOSSIL
FUELS IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA

BY

GEORGE K. CLEMENT, JR.~ ROBERT L. MILLER,2 PHILIP A. SEIBERT,3

5
LOUIS AVERY; AND HAROLD BENNETT

1·3 COMPUTER SERVICES AND MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS, INC.

21243 VENTURA BLVD., SUITE 226
WOODLAND HILLS, CA.

4 PRIVATE CONSULTANT, LOS ANGELES, CA.

5 MINERALS AVAILABILITY FIELD OFFICE

BUREAU OF MINES, DENVER, COLORADO.

}'or sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402
 PREFACE

Mining relies on anomalies within the surface of the earth for a

base of activity. Hining and evaluation engineering are confronted
repeatedly with problems of determining how and at what rate a
particular deposit can be mined, how to get the equipment, personnel,
and money for mining and processing, and how to set up the related
infrastructure. When these problems are resolved, the engineer
becomes involved in financial considerations. For example, what is
the ratio of equity capital to borrowings, and what is the rate of
return that may be achieved before a recommendation for the approval
or rejection of the property can be made to management?

Articles on cost for site-specific operations appear frequently in

the technical literature. They may be useful i f an engineer is
conSidering a similar property, but this is seldom the case. Often
the engineer is required to consider specially designed extraction
and treatment methods applicable to unique or nearly unique deposits.
In addition, the engineer is plagued by rapid changes in capital and
operating costs.

Recognizing this situation, the Bureau of Hines undertook the develop-

ment of a methodology or cost system, usable by a mine evaluation
engineer in generating capital and operating costs applicable to a
feasibility study of a particular property or operation. This hand-
book, the product of this undertaking, is not intended to be the
final solution to the problem of cost determination; it is also not
a "black box" usable by the unskilled. It will, hopefully, be a
useful adjunct to the "tool kit" of mining engineers responsible for
property evaluation. Periodic updating and refining of the important
data on which the handbook is based will improve its usefulness in
the future.

A~~~ Chief Hining Engineer

TABLE OF CO.TEITS PAGE

1. IITBODUCTIOJ 1

1.1. leed Par The Handbook 1

1.2. Us. Of The Handbook

1.3. Acknowledgeaents 2
2. GEIERAL I1FOBRITI01 4

2.1. Users Of The Handbook 4

2.2. Procedures for Estiaating ADd U.e Of Factors 4

2.3. Data RequireaeDt. For ID !sti.ate 5

2.3.1. General 5
2.3.2. Surface And Underground Bine 5

2.3.3. 8enefic.tion 5
2.3.4. Exploration 5

2.3.5. C.pital Cost 5

2.4. Bates - Labor, Paver ADd Water 5

2.~. Types Of Rinino And BenefiCiation Included. 5
2.6. Environ.ental I.pact Statements 5
2.7. Definition 'Of Teras 6
2.8. Cost Indexes 6
3. BIlE OPEBlTIIG COST ESTIRITICI 7

3.1. Surface Rinino - Operatino Costs 7

3.1.1. ProductioD Develo~aent 7

3.1.1.1. Clearing 7

3.1.1.2. Drill And Blast - Overburden And Vaste 7

3.1.1.3. Excavation. Load And Haul'- OVerburden And 8

hs~

3.1.1.4. Core DrillinV 11

3.1.2. Binino Of Ore 11

3.1.2.1. Drill And Blast - Ore 11

-i-
 PAGE
3.1.2.2. Excavation, load And Haal - Ore 12

3.1.3. B•• toratioD Darino ProductioD 14

3.1.4. Ceneral Operations 14

3.1._.1. General It •• s - Co •• unlcatlons, Sanitation,

HousekeepinQ, Fire Protection And
Electrical 14

3.1.4.2. Yater Sappll Slstea 15

3.1.4.3. Drainaoe And Disposal Slstem 15

3.1.4.4. Camp O~eration 16

3.1.4.5. Lono Distance Transportation 16

3.1.4.5.1. Rail TraDsportation 16

3.1.4.5.2. Truck Trans~ortation 17

3.1.4.5.3. iater Trans~ortation 17

3.1.4.5.4. Pipeline Transpor~tion 17

3.2. Surface Binino - Administrative Costs 17

3.2.1. Ceneral Expen~e 17

3.2.1.1. Adainistrative Salaries And Vaoes 17

3.2.1.2. AdainistratiYe Purcbases 18

3.2.1.3. AdainistratiYe Equipaent O~eration 18

3.3. Underoround Binino - Operatino Costs 18

3.3.1. Production Developaent 18

3.3.1.1.1. Small DriftE For Rail Haulaoe 18

3.3.1.1.2. Small Drifts For Rubber Tired HaulaOE 19

3.3.1.1.3. Laroe Drifts For Rubber Tired HaulaOE ~

3.3.1.2. Sinkino Shafts 20

3.3.1.3. Drivino Raises 21

3.3.1.4. PreparinG Stopes 21

-ii-
 PlGI

3.3.1.5. Core Drllllno D

3.3.2. Rlnlno Of Ore D
3.3.2.1. Shrlnkaoe Stope. D
3.3.2.2. Cut Alld FU1 Stope. 23
3.3.2.3. O.erhand Stope. 23
3.3.2.11. Lonohole Stope. ~

3.3.2.5. Rooa And Plllar ~

3.3.2.5.1. le41u. To Hard Bock •

3.3.2.5.2. Soft Bock (nona.talllc) ~

3.3.2.6. Block Ca.lno •

3.3.2.6.1. Block Caylno - Load-haul-du.p lethod •
3.3.2.6.2. Block raylna - Slu.her And Graylty
Reth04s •
3.3.3. Haulaae Of Ore •
3.3.3.1. Holstlno •
3.3.3.2. Ball Haulaoe D
3.3.3.3. CODYeYOr Haulage D
3.3.3.11. Truck Haulage •
3.3.3.5. Load-hlul-duap Haalaoe •
3.3.4. General 0;eratl0.8 a
3.3.q.1. General Ite •• - Co •• unlcation., Sanltat10n,
Housekeeplno, 'lre Protection And
Electrical a
3.3.q.2. Ventllitlon Syste. a
3.3.1t.3. Co.pre •• ed Air Plant 30
3.3.11.11. lIater SultPlr S,.te. 31

3.3.4.6. Caap O~eratlon U

3.3.11.7. Lono Dlstlnce Trallsportatlon U

3.3.IJ.1.1. Rall Transportation U

-111-
 PAGE
3.3.4.7.2. Track T~ns~ortation 33
3.3.4.7.3~ Water Transportation ~

3.3.4.7.4. PIpeline Transportation 33

3.4. Underoround !1nino - Adainistrative Costs ~

3.4.1. Ceneral Expens~ ~

3.4.1.1. Adainistratlve Salar1es And Waves ~

3.4.1.2. ~dainistrative Parchases 34

3.4.1.3. ·Adalnletrative EQuipaent Operation 34
4. !IIE CAPITAL COST ESTI!ATIOI ~

4.1. Exploration And Access Roads ~

4.1.1. Exploration ~

4.1.2. Access Roads ~

4.1.2.1. Clearino 36

4.1,2.2. Excavation ~

4.1.2.3.· Drill ADd Blast 41

4.1.2.4. Gravel Surfacino 42
4.2. Surface ~inino - Capital Costs 43

4.2.1. Preproduction Developaent 43

4.2.1.1. Clearino 43

4.2.1.2. Drill And Blast - Overburden lnd Waste ~

4.2.1.3. Excavation, Load And Haal - Overburden And

Waste 44
4.2.1.3.1. Excavation, Load And Haul Truck Haulage 46

4.2.1.3.2. Excavation, Load' And Haul Scrapers 47

4.2.2. line Plant And Buildinos 47

4.2.2.1. Railroad Construction .46

4.2.2.2. Vater And Drainaoe Slst.a. 46
4.2.2.2.1. Viter Slstea 46
4.2.2.2.2. DralnaOe Slste. 46

-iv-
 PAGE

'.2.2.'. 'aelin, Sfstea ~

4.2.2.5. Electrical Sfstea 49

4.2.2.6. I'pair Shops ADd Warehouses ~

4.2.2.7. Office. And Lahoratories ~

Q.2.2.8. Sarface 8a1141nV8 51

'.2.3. Townsite 61

Q.2.'. Restoration Durina Construction 62

'.2.5. Bine Equipaent 62

4.2.5.1. Surface BiniDG Iqulpaent 52

4.2.5.2. DradGes 63

Q.2.6. InGineerinG And CODstruction Banageaent Fees 53

'.2.7. Vorking Capital ~

'.3. Underoround Rinino - Ca,ital Costs ~

4.3.1. Preproduction D•• elopaent ~

Q.3.1.1. Developaent Drifts ~

Q.3.1.1.1. Saa11 Drifts For Ral1 Haulage ~

4.3.1.1.2. S.a11 Drift. for Ruther Tired HaulaGE ~

Q.3.1.1.3. Larve Drifts for Ruhher Tired Haulage ~

'.3.1.2. Sinkin~ Shafts ~

4.3.1.3. DriviDG Raise. ~

Q.3.1.4. PreparinG Stopes 67

'.3.1.5. Core Drl11inG 00

4.3.1.6. C1.arinG ~

4.3.2. Blne Plant And Bui1dlngs 69

4.3.2.1. Co.preEsed Air facilities 59
4.3.2.2. HoistinG Facilities 59
4.3.2.3. 'enti1ation SY8t.. 00
4.3.2.'. Vater Syst.. 00
4.3.2.5. Drainage Systea 81
 PAGE
4.3.2.6. Co •• aDications S7st •• 81

4.3.2.7. Faelino S7ste. G

4.3.2.8. Electrical S7st •• G
4.3.2.9. Repair Sho,s And Wareheuses a
4.3.2.10. Office. And Laboratories a
4.3.2.11. Surface BuildinGs M
4.3.3. TOWDslte ~

4.3.4. Restoration Durlno [onstructicn ~

4.3.5. !ine Equipaent ~

4.3.6. Engineering And CenstructioD !anageaent Fee. ~

4.3.7. Working Capital 87

5. BEJEFICIATIOI OPEBATIIG COST IST181TIOI ~

5.1. BeDeficiation - OperatinG Costs ~

S.1~1. CrushiDG
5.1.2. GrIndIng
•
69

5.1.3. ConceDtratinG 70

5.1.3.1. FlotatIon 70

5.1.3.1.1. Sinole-,roduct Flotation 71

5.1.3.1.2. Two-product rlotation 71

5.1.3.1.3. Three-product Flotation 72

5.1.3.2. Concentrate Thickening 72

5.1.3.3. Concentrate Filtration 73

5.1.3.4. leachino 73

5.1.3.4.1. Cyanide 'at Leach 73

5.1.3.4.2. Duap, Heep Or 'at LeachinG 74

5.1.3.4.3. Uraniaa Ac1d leach 75

5.1.3.5. laonetic Separation 75

5.1.3.6. Heavy Bedia Separation 76

 PAGE
5.1.3.7. era.ltl SeparatloD 78

5.1.3.8. Drlino Concentrate 78

77
77

5.1.4.1. Tal11n08 Dewaterln9 77

5.1.4.2. Transport And Place Tailings 78

5.1.4.3. Water Recl.a.tion 78

5.1.5. Restoration Durino Productlon 78
78
5.1.6.1. General Iteas - Ce •• unications, Sanitation, 78
Housekeepino, Fire Protection And
Electrical
80

5.1.6.3. Water Supply Slstea

5.1.6.k~ Drainage And Disposal SysteM

5.1.6.5. Camp Operation 81

5.1.6.6. Lono Distance Transportation 81

5.1.6.6.1. Rail Transportation 81

5.1.6.6.2. Truck Transportation 82

5.1.6.6.3. Water Tr.ns~ortatlon 82

5.1.6.6.4. Pipeline Trans,ortatlon 82

5.2. Beneficiation - Adainisttative Cests 82

5.2.1. General Expense 82

5.2.1.1. Administrative Salaries And Wages 82

5.2.1.2. Ad.iniatrative Purchases 83

5.2.1.3. Adainistrative Equip.ent Operation 83

6. BENEFICIATION CAPITAL CeST ESTI!ATICI 85

6.1. BenefiCiation - Capital Costs 85

6.1.1. Crushino 85

-vll-
 PAGE
6.1.2. Grindin9
•
6.1.3. ConcentratinG H
6.1.3.1. Flotation 88

6.1.3.2. Concentrate TbickenlnG 88

6.1.3.3. Concentrate Filtration n

6.1.3.4. teachiD9 87

6.1.3~4.1. Cyanide 'at t.ach 87

6.1.3.4.2. Duap, Heap Or 'at teach U

6.1.3.4.3. Uraniu. Acid teach

•
6.1.3.5. 8a9netic Separation 89

6.1.3.6. Hea.y Bedia Separation 89

6.1.3.7. Gravity Se~aratlon 89

6.1.3.8. DrJinQ Concentrate

6.1.3.9. ti.estone Clinker
"
6.1.4. Waste And Ta1linQ. Disposal
"
91

6.1.4.1. TaillnQs DevateriDQ 91

6.1.4.2. Transport And Place TailinGS 91

6.1.4.3. Water Becla.ation 91

6.1.4.4. Earthfill Dikes And S.al1 Da.s 92

6.1.5. Site Preparation ~

6.1.5.1. Clearin9 ~

6.1.6. Utilities And Facilities 93

6.1.6.1. Vater Supply Syste. 93

6.1.6.2. Electrical S~st•• M

6.1.6.3. 8ill Buildin9s M
6.1.6.4. Officea And La.oratori8. ~

6.1.6.5. 'ebicl •• ~;

6.1.6.6. Riscellanaoua Equip.ent H

 CAPITAL AND OPERATING COST ESTIMATING SYSTEM
MANUAL FOR MINING AND BENEFICIATION OF METALLIC
AND NONMETALLIC MINERALS EXCEPT FOSSIL FUELS IN
THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA

1. I1TRODUCTlOR companies, were used as the basis of

this handbook. The handbook presents
1.1. REED fOR THE HANDBOOK cost curv~s and equations for each
component of the mining and
The United States Bureau of Mines is heneficiaticn process. factors for each
establishing a computerized mineral cost component are also Qiven, thereby
inventory system to help the Federal allowing the updating of cost for time,
Government appraise its mineral position oeoQraph1c location, labor rates, and
and prepare programs insuring against ~ining and milling conditions. Included
critical shortages of materials. This in the latter conditions are items such
system, called the ~inerals ~vailahility as the lenqth of haul, need for rock
System (MAS), is a component of the bolts, and ~ rock work index for ores
Bureau's minerals intelligence function and rocks of various hardnesses.
designed tc conduct and maintain an
inventory of minerals important to the 1.2. USE OF THE HARDBOOK
Nation. The ~AS defines the physical
and commercial availability of the Using the handbook a feasibility-type
mineral resources. Known resources estimate falling within 2S~ of expected
are evaluated and classified by deposit actual cost is obtainable by su~marizin9
for entry into a computer storage and cost cornpon~nts. This handbook should
retrieval system. An integral concern not be used to determine the cost of any
of these evaluations is the cost of single com~onent of a mining or
mining and beneficiatinQ the ore beneficiation system, as any sinole
contained in specific deposits. To meet component mHY not fall withiri the 2S~
this concern, a cost handbook was limit. It must be understood that
developed as an aid to preparing anyone who uses the handbook must have a
feasibility-typ~ estimates for capital comprehensive knowledge of .1n1ng and
and operating costs of mining and processing technology and cost
primary beneficiation of various types estimating r,rocedures. The handbook was
of mineral occurrences. Cost data, intended to be used internally by the
obtained from U.S. and Canadian Minerals Availability System. Because

1
of outside interest the Bureau of Mines The Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Co.
decided to ~ublish the handbook to make
it readily available to the public. The Cotter Mining Co.
text and curves contained in the
handbook an'! essentially identical to J. Irving Crowell, Jr. & Son
those obtained from the contractor that
oriqinally developed the handbook for Cyprus Mines Corp.
the Bureau. STRAAM EnQineers, Inc.
Some editorial work was performed on the Diamond Springs Lime Co.
layout of the text in order to confor.
to Bureau standards. The data. however, Dresser Min~rals Division
are Qenerally as originally presented,
and the vi&ws and conclusions contained Duval 5ierrita Corp.
in this document are those of STRAA~
F.nQine~rs, Inc., an.d should not be The Feldspar Corp.
interpreted as necessarily repr~senting
the official policies or recommendations Gaspe Copper ~ines Ltd. (Moranda Mines
of the Interior Department's Bureau of 1. td • )
Mines or of the U.S. Government. STRAAM
Engineers, Inc., believes the data to be Georgia-Pacific Corp.
accurate and reliable; however the! or
the authors do not accept any Getty Oil Co.
responsibility, financial or otherwise,
for any consequences arising out of the Goodnews Bay Mininq Co.
use of this handbook.
W. R. Grace & Co.
1.3. ACINOYLEDGftEMTS
Hallett Minerals
Assistinq STRAAM Engineers, Inc.,
formerly A. A. Mathews, Inc., In the The lIanna Minin'} Co.
plan development and field data
collection was Hehre Dolbear & Co. Many Homestake ~ining Co.
mining equipment manufacturers and
suppliers also provided assistance in Idaho MininQ Corp.
developing equipment operating and
capital costs. Field data used in Idarado Mining Co.
compiling this handbook were obtained
from the following sourcp.s: Inspiration Consolidated Copper Co.

Amax Chemical Corp. International Minerals r. Chemical Corp.

American Colloid Co. Interpace Corp.

The Anaconda Co. Johns-Manville Products Corp.

Apco 011 Corp., Minerals Divislon Jones e LauQhlin Steel Corp.

American SmeltinQ and Refining Co. Kennecott Ccpper Corp.

Beker Tndustries Corp. Kyanite Mining Corp.

Brenda Mines, Ltd. (Noranda Mines Ltd.) lamaque ~ining Co., Ltd.

California ~on-Metallics Inc. hivinoston-Graham Co.

California Portland Cement Co. Mattagami Lake Mines, Ltd. (Moranda

Mines Ltd.)
Ca~p Bird Colorado, Inc.
Meramec Mining Co.
Carlin Gold Mining Co. (Newmont MinIng
Co. ) "ilchem Inccrporated

Clayton Silver Mines

2
Mineral Industrial Commodities of Reynol~s ~lninQ r.orp.
America Siqma Mines (Quebec) Ltd.
Molytdenum Corp. of America Southwestern portland Cement Co.
Monolith Portland Cem@nt Co. Standard Metals Corp.
~onsanto In ..~u~_trial Chemicals Co. Stauffer Chemical Co.
National Gypsum Co. St. Joe Minerals Corp.
N L Industries, Tnc. Sunshine MininQ Co.
Phelps Dodge Corp. Teck Corp., Ltd.
pitkin Iron Mine Texada Mines, Ltd.
PittsburQ Pacific Co. Titanium Enterprises
Ranchers Fxploration & nevelop~ent Corp. Utah Mines, Ltd. (Utah International)
Reserve ~inino Co. York Pullders ~upplJ Co.

3
2. GEIERIL IIFOB"ITI0N either laber index number 1. or 2. in
Section 2.8. (Cost Indexes). This lu.p
2.1. OSEBS OF TBE HANDBOOK sum factor can be used for all classes
of l~bor throuobout the estimate.
It is presumed the user will have Either factor can then be entered in the
adequate knowledge of both mining and proper location.
estimatino procedures before attemPtinQ
to prepare an estimate usinQ the methods All curves in this handbook are adjusted
presented herein. to a common base, i.e. all effort has
been oeared to presentation of average
2.2. PBOCEDORES FOR ESTI"ITIIG liD OSE data for the particular minino method or
OF FICTORS process und€r consideration. Should the
user have an abnormal situation, proper
By its very natur~, any compilation of adjustment of curve data, either upward
data such as that used in the or downward, should be made.
.preparation of the curves, tables and
factors, must deal in 8vera~es. The When determining the quantity to be
user must be able to discern any used, unless otherwise noted in tbe
differences between the method or specific component text, use tons mined
process under consideration and that or tons f~ed to the beneficiation
presented in this handbook. For that component.
reason, wh€rever it is applicable that
certain adjustment factors should be After the data requirements have been
used, they have been referenced. prepared, the curves and narratives that
apply should be studied until their
~ention of certain adjustment factors contents ar~ understood. Then, for the
has been omitted from the curve proper abscissa value, select the
narratives in order to avoid appropriate orrtinate a~ount and enter it
duplication. These factors include the on th@ form. Note that all curves have
various cost indexes. labor rate logarithmic scales, not arithmetic.
conversion methods, POWf~ cost, and the
more subtle v~riables such as rock The data obtained from the curves and
hardness, floatability of various ores, equations within the limits shown is
etc. They are covered in this section, reliable and ihg ___y~~___ §hQY1~ __ -n2t
but it remajns for the user to properly e!t£~~Ql~!g ___ QY~§1gg __ 1hg§~ __ 11m1~ __ ~
apply these factors. ~~§Yl1§_~aY_Qs~~I211Ahl~~ The ran~e of
the curves €ncompasses normal production
All labor rates (costs) use~ in the with values beyond tendino to be outside
preparation of curves are based on the the accuracy required due to the large
Denver, Colo., area as of July 1975, and variance cf milling and mining
include an approximate allowance of 35~ practices. Tn equations shown for the
to cover all applicable payroll burdens. various curves in this handbOOk. the
~ll labor curves includ~ an appropriate value of "X" is for the horizontal scale
allowance for equipment repair labor. and the value of My" is in dollars. The
Area and/or incentive bonus premiums are My" subscripts "L", "SM. and "E"
not inclUded and thp- user's judgment indicate lator, supplies and equipment
should be used in applying factors for operation respectively.
these items. Two methods may be used to
adjust the labor cost curves. Method After the dollar amounts for a
one, the more accurate of the two, is to particular item have been entered on the
use the prevailing labor rates for the wort. sheets, the next step is to
area under co~sideration, apply the determine the proper adjustment factors
appropriate payroll burdens and (data will seldom require no
premiums, then use these costs 1n adjustment). ~ost of the curves,
comparison to those Qiven in the particularly supplies and equipment
narratives. Py dividing one hy the operation, are composed of more than one
other a laber adjustment multiplier is it~m. Tn these cases, it will be
obtained. rare should be taken in the necessary to apply a compound adjustment
use of labor rates as a large variance factor hased on the percentage occuring
can occur within r.elativelY small in each item multiplied by its
geoqraphic dreas. The second methoj is appropriate cost index adjustment.
to use a factor obtained by use of

4
When the cost and all factors have been 2.4. BATES - LABOR, POWER liD VATER
determined, multiplication will field
the total cost. By a like manner, all Labor costs have heen adjusted to a
applicable items are totaled and sum.ed, Denver base for July 1975 and include
yie11ino a bottom line oroup total payroll burden. Burden includes such
amount. These group amounts are then items as sick leave, vacation, holidays,
transferred to she~ts where total insurance (medical, dental, disability,
operatino costs per ton and total life & accident), payroll taxes (FICA,
capital costs per ton per day are SOl & SUT) and retirement funds. Burden

-
summarized for total estimated cost.

None of the curves or equations i n this

handbook have allowances for property
varies from 25~ to 65~ with an average
used in this handbook of 35~. No
production bonuses have been included in
the labor costs.
and/or inventory taxes, general
insurance or depreciation. Cost of electrical power used throughout
this handbook is constant at 25 mils
2.3. DITI BEQUIRE~EITS FOB 1M ESTI"ITE ($0.025) per kW-h. Any variance from
this rate should be applied as a
Pefore using this handbook for supplies factor using the percentage of
preparation of an estimate covering any the supplie~ curve as noted in the curve
phase of mining or beneficiation, the text.
user should first compile certain basic
data that may be requlrpd. There are Cost of water used throughout this
five basiC areas of interest to be handbook is constant at $0.10 per m3 •
covered: Any variance from this rate should be
applied as a supplies factor usinq the
2.3.1. GENERAL percentaqe of the supplies curve as
noted in the curve text.
Location
Topography 2.5. TTPES OF RINING AND BENEFICIATION
Climate IICLUDED.
Access to facilities and labor market
frevailing labor costs (including The user ~hould refer to the Table of
payroll burden) Contents in the front of this handbook
Daily or annual tonnage for a com~lete list of the various
Prevailing cost indexes minino and beneficiation methods that
Electric power costs may be estimated. Mining and
Transportation availability heneficiaticn of fossil fuels and
teneficiaticn of mercury, tungsten and
2.3.2. SURFACE AND UNDEBGROUID RINEB lauxite hav~ not been included. Aerial
tramways have not been included in this
Fock type and hardness handbook du~ to the specialized way in
Support or Qround conditions which they are desinned for each mine or
Cverburden (surface mines) plant.
Extraction and/or mining method
2.6. E"'IRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS
2.3.3. BENEFICATION
The cost of preparation of impact
Crushability and/or Qrindability statements for the development of new
Extraction wet hod (flowchart is useful) mines and mills or ex~ansion of existino
properties may introduce a significant
2.3.4. EXPLORATION cost item both directly for the
statement ~reparation and from the time
~~thods to ~e used related expenses incurred in the
Area (coverage) approval process. It is virtually
impOSSible to tie this phase of the
2.3.5. CAPITAL COST estimate to mine or mill tonnRqe or
other measurable units that couli be
Extent and methods of preproduction formulized and plotted on a curve for
1evelopment standard estimation.
Ireight rates
Taxes To help the user estimate the projected
cost of environ~ent~l iwpact statements,

5
outlined an1 tabulated is an 2.8. COST INDEXES
environmental impact team approach used
in assessing various mine properties. The following cost indexes should be
The time input by each specialist and used to adjust cost data in this
the range cf laboratory analysis varies handbook. They are based on,
widely from location to location "Employment and Earnings" and "Wholesale
dependinq on such basic elements as the Prices and Price Indexes", both
mine's proximity to population centers; published by the U.S. Department of.
the ranQe of weather extremes for heat Labor, Bureau of Lahor Statisti~s
and cold and air currents in smog (B.L.S.). and on Fnqineerinq News Record
controls: the availability of pover in (E.N.R.). ~he base year for all but tvo
v~rious en~rqy forms; water supply; and indexes is 1967 = 100. Construction
land reclamation possibilities. The labor (Index No.2) has a base year of
following items will have to be 1913 =
100 and Transportation (Index No.
investigated to some degree: 11) has a base year of 1969 = 100.
Geology Demography
Hydrology Archaeology Since the manual is based on July 1975
CI1m'ate Air Quality costs. updat€s shoul~ use the July 1975
Ecology AesthetiCS indexes as denominators and the annual
Socio-Econo~ics Physiography cost ind~xes given in th~ accompanying
The envirunmental impact study ~ay table as numerators. Annual averages
require the expertise of specialists in are included for space saving purposes,
some or all of the ahove areas. The and are acceptable for updatioQ this
cost of specialists may be estimated to type of estimate. Monthly indexes can
range from S100 to $500 per day plus be used if desired and are available
from the original sources.
field expenses at about $50 per day per
person plus field transportation No. Item Cost Index Source Value in
July 1975
expenses frem $5 to $30 per day plus the
1. Mine end plant labor· Mining labor oLS $S.89/Iv
transportation cost to and from the Tabla C·l
field location.
2. Conatruetion labor Skillad iabor lOCI ENR 1998.7
The team size can vary from one
veIl-qualified person for smaller impact 3. Equipment and rapair parta Equipmant and oLS 184.9
studies to perhaps ten specialists and Tabia 4 Code 11·2

four or five laboratory analysts. A 4. BiU and ralat6d atoel Iron and Steel oLS 197.3
specialjst may be required for from one Tabla 4 Coda 10·1
day to a year. The team is usually
5, nmber and lumber Lumber oLS 196.8
headed by a principal or senior engineer Tabla 4 Coda DB·l
or geologist who controls and edits the
production of the impact statement data 8. Fual Petroleum BLS 258.8
Tabla 4 Coda 05·7
and schedules the various speCialists as
required. 7. Powder and blasting agents Explosives oLS 177.2
Tabla 6 Coda 067902
Tim~ and workforce. as well as technical
ilJlPut, should be allowed for 8. nraa nra oLS 158.8
Table 6 Code 07120105
presentation to qovernmental bodies and
public meetinQs. Follovinq the agency 9. Construction matarial_ Materials {Denver) ENR 185.0
Quidelines that exist for a specific
10. Industrial materiais·· Industrial Commodities oLS 1712
area and mineral. the user must use his Tabla 2
judgment plus local historical records
for a realistic estimate of the cost of 11. Transportation··· Rail-MatalUe Ore oLS 185.7
Table 14 Code 28
an environmental impact statement.
• Rate does not Include burdon.
The user should remember that multiple •• U•• for Itema not oth.rw'ile covered. Reporting in Table 2
w.. dlacontlnued by B.L.S. In Mllfch. 1978. Values given at
impact statements may be required for beglnnlng of Table 8 me, be used theroftftar.
· · · 1 . wu year of origin. Index.. prior to 1989 have been
the various stages of mine and/or mill extrapoleted. Use for an tranaportation items.
development and operation.
10 11
2.7. DEFINITION OF TEBRS 1m tUO 1,913.1 111&.2 200.9 192.5 2&7.5 178.0 1&6.4 1• .3 171.6 178.4

This handbook is based on the use of ".42

....
tl78 2.132.8 t • .9 215.9 233.0 27'" 187.2 172.8 2115.5 l1Z.4 lt7.8

metric units. Where the terms "US 1m ue&.1 2117 230.3 278.5 30U 11l.1 1'1.6 m.7 tl6.1 211.1
tons". "cubic yards". and "inches" are 1978 f7.87 2.406.0 232.8 2&3.6 322.1 321.0 208.7 192.0 247.7 209.4 227.3
used. they designate manufacturers'
sizing in the United States system. 1'78 ".48 2.&64.0 266.8 283.4 354.2 444.5 225.7 219.4 289.J 238.2 284.4

6
3. RIlE OPERATING COST ESTIRATIOI II, ..
•
3.1. SURFACE RIIIIG - OPERATIIG COSTS
3.1.1. PRODUCTION DEVELOP"E.r ",'" ,,' '"
",'" '"
3.1.1.1. CLEARIIG
~o"'" ,,'"'" ",'"
",'"

The curve for clearing production is 1 •••• "''''

based on costs fcir medium liQht growth '" ~"~-i'"
on terrain with a side slope of 20~ to ~.,."" '"
i ,-,,,,,,, :\ 0",
~,-I-<t;;,'" 1/
50~. Estimate one tree, 0.33 m in
diameter, per 40· m2 • The rate of i! ~~'"
, '"
clearing is determined by the surface ..
S '" 1"
",'" "'''' ","
",'"
,,"
mine production rate. ","
'"
~'
'" ,,'
,st,..........
For light clearing
'" ~
",'"
. ,," ,
of brush and small 100
trees, reduce the medium clearing costs ~"
'" ,
by 75~. In heavy clearing, costs are ",,,,,,, ",,-
increased 75~ over the curves. 10".
,,," YL • ."."ex,·''''
For clearing on terrain level to 20~ ",'" Ys • 90 .6JCX)'· 922

side slope, reduce costs by 20r. from ,," Ye: • 211. S6(X)··II' r-t--
those shown. For clearing on terrain ",'" 0.1 .! X .! 10

with side slopes from 50r. to 100~, 10 '"

increase costs 20%. On rocky slopes and '.1 10
HeCTARES CLEARIN; PER DAY
slopes over 1007., costs could double or
triple and the user should use his own 3.1.1.1. CLEARINC
judgment.
3.1.1.2. DRILL AID BLAST - OVERBURDEN
Labor costs are based on an average UD WASTE
labor rate cf $7.30 per worker-hour.
The curves have been developed in two
Supplies consist of 657. for fuel oil and parts. The following distribution
351. for tools, cable~, and chokers. applies to all equipment in this
section:
EQUIPMENT OFERATING COST DISTRIBUTION
FOUIP~ENT OFERATING COST DISTRIBUTION
DESCRIPTION REPAIR FUEL TIRES
PARTS & WBE T>ESCRIPTION REPAIR FUEL TIRES
Crawler DOZErs 70~ 30~ PARTS (; LUBE
Trucks 33% 637. 4" I'ri1l Equipment 501. 50"
Trucks 32~ 62n 6"-
Equipwent o~erating costs are based on a
spread consisting of 75~ dozers and 257. For mines excavating from 1,000 to
trucks, pickups, and chainsaws. 10,000 tid of overburden and waste, the
curves reflect costs for drilling 6 m
high benches with crawler type
percussion drills. Spacing of 2.5 inch
hol~s is on a pattern of 1.5 m x , m to
a depth of 7 m. The powder factor is
0.30 kg/t.

For mines excavating fro~ A,OOO to

300,000 tId of overburden. and waste,
drillinq is performed with rotary drills
havino a down pressure of from 13,600 to
40,900 kg. The powder factor varies
from 0.11 to 0.20 kg/t with an average
of 0.14 k~/t of waste. Holes drilled

7
average 12-1/4 inch diameter from a Itt,ttO
range of 6 to 13-3/4 inch jiameter.
Bench heichts are 12 to 18 m averaging
15 m. Drilling patterns and
ROTARY DRI LLS
overdrilling ranoe from 100 to 300 t of
tlasted material per m of drill hole. YL·O.096(X)O •• 61

Secondary ~rilling and blasting range CRAWLER TYP!

PERCUSSION DRI LLS
", • O.1\'(X)··917
Y! • o.073eX)O.1I1 ~
,
from O~ to 101. of blast~d material. II,OfO
YL • 1.7,.eX)0.lIl - .,000 .! x .! JOo,ooo L
Y, • l.l.,'(X)··n, ~
The curves indicate average costs for a i ~
Y! ••• Io'(X)o •• 1J
wide ran~e of materials as can be noted or ~.

r
~L' ,...
1,000 .! x .! 10,000
abov~ by drill sizes, bit sizes, powder 1/ ~J
~ ~,,~~(~ ~
factors, and drill pattern. To
determine drilling and blasting costs, 17
.;:fI;' ... V .• v" "~/l.£1~ ...~ ...
consideraticn must be given to material
hardness, abrasiveness, natural
1,000 ....
....... I ....
l' ~
fractures and jointing, and maximum size ~ R,;f2.K'cI'
¢" ... ~.,.,.. .
j,'
~
" ~";
~~...
fragments that can be loaded, hauled and ~
processed. Where the above conditions v'" ...~~~+,,0 ..., ~'\."
.'\.~;,
are unfavorable, the costs shown on the v:~~ toO: v to;;"
curves can 1e increased up to 100~. For ......
~avorable ccnditions, the costs can be 100
reduced up to 40~. I 10 100 1,000
HETRIC TONS PER DAY X 10'

The labor cost for a typical rotary

drill operation is based on an average
labor rate for drill and blast creW ~f
S€.OO ppr wcrker-hour including rotary
drill operators at SR.34. The labor
cost for a typical p~rcussion drill
operation is based on an average labor
rat~ for drill and blast crew of S7.91
per worker-hour including percussion
rtrjl1 operators at S8.17.
The supply costs for hoth curves include
drill bits and steel related items at
2470 of the total with the remaining 767-
for blastinQ supplies.
3.1.1.2. DRILL AND BLAST
3.1.1.3. EXCAVATION, LOAD AND HAUL -
OVERBURDEN AND VASTE
The curves show the cost per day for
loading and hauling, both common earth
and shot rock. For common earth
excavation, one bank m3 equals 2.08 t:
for shot rock, one bank m3 equals 2.61
t. The following distribution applies
to all equipment in this section:
EQUIPMENT OrERATING COST DISTkIBUTION

rquipment orerating costs include drills DESClUPTION REPAIR FUEL TIRES

75~ and supporting equipment 25~. PARTS r. LUBF.
Shovels, E] €ctric 94"; 6 r.*
Shovels, DiE'sel 84"- 16Y.
Draglines, riesel 60" 4O';
Rear Dump TrUCks 18",1; 37~ 45r.
Crawler Dozf'rs 70~ 30r.
J.ocomoti ves • Electric 89% 11%*
Locomotives, Diesel 46r. 54r.
Muck Cars 95~ 5';
Other rquipment 33" 32" 351.

* Where electric powered equipment is

used, supply curve is for electric power
only.

The curves have heen developed in five

parts coverin9 a Variety of excavation

8
methods and encompassing a range from Equipment Operation
1,000 to 300,000 tId. F = 0.0546(P)o.O_T(L)o.3~3

Curve 3.1.1.3.1. covers from 1,000 to Where:

10,000 tId of overburden and vaste F =Factor
excavation and is based on mines uslno
front-end loaders and trucks. The
R = Depth of Pit in m (- or O~ orade.
P=1.0)
loaders range in size from 1 to 6 cubic
lards and the trucks range from 10 to
L =Lenqth of Haul in m
3S US tons. The curves reflect an For a typical electric shovel and truck
average haul of 750 m one way on an 81, operation the labor cost is based on a
grade from a pit 60 m in depth. To composite crew having an average rate of
determine costs for hauls of varying $6.12 per worker-hour with a shovel
length or depth of pit, multiply the operator at $8.30 and truck driver at
costs obtained from the curves by the S8.05.
followino factors:
Fquipment operating cost distribution
Labor Factor. for shovel and truck operation:
r = 0.155(R)o.o30(L)o.263 Shovels 8.5~
Rear Dump Trucks 70.0%
Equipment Operation Factor. Crawler Doz~rs 11.0";
F = 0.080(R)o.o_T(L)o.3s3 Rubber Tired Support 10.5"
Where:
F = Factor 101,000
EL~CTRI C SHOVELS AND TRUCKS
F = Depth of Pit in m (- or O~ grade.
TL ...... 'oooG ... g

l/l//
R=·1.0)
=
L Length of Haul in m
'5 I: .,.l1ex)··967
Y•• 0 •• 25(X)··916
',.11 .! X .! JOO,OOO _ ,o+-
For a typical front-end loader and truck
operation, the labor cost is based on a I o~~"//
,f-
composite crew havinq an average rate of 10,000
~~:N~RUL~KA~~RS :t-~ 1/

~0'"
$8.15 per worker-hour with a loader ~
i 'L • 1J.60(X)··,n
~

operator at $8.19 and truck driver at •f /

~Vv~
Y• • ..... ex)··'..
$7.65. 1,'0' .! x ! It,OO~
/
~
Fquipment cperating cost distrihution ~/
~ 'l-t-""O~ V o/V
for loader and truck operation: R~ v'"
I.oaders 15.8r.
I,D'D
~~o.f; .,'1/
f.~'"
/
Rear Dump Trucks 41.8~ t.o."~.'"
Crawler Dozers 22.71. 1/
Rubber Tired Support 19.7%

Curve 3.1.1.3.1. covers mines excavating II'

fro~ 8,000 to 300,000 tid of overburden
and waste. The loading units are
electric shovels and diesel front-end
loaders ranqinq in size from 5 to 15
cubic yards with an average of 10 cubic
yards. Rear dump trucks from 35 to 170
US tons are the main hauling units, with
the average size of all trucks at 85 US
tons. The ratio of trucks to loading
units averages 6 to 1. The curves
reflect an averaqe haul of 2,000 m one
way on an 8~ grade from a pit 120 m in
depth on wide, well maintained roads.
To determine costs for hauls of varying
length or depth of pit, multiply the
costs obtained from the curves by the
following factors:
labor Factor.
F = 0.1173(F)o.o30(L)o.z63
/
100
1 10 100 1,000
METRIC TONS PER DAY X 10 3
3.1.1.3.1. EXCAVATION, LOAD AND HAUL
TRUCK HAULJ\GE
Curve 3.1.1.3.2. covers mines excavatinq
20,000 to 100,000 tid of overburden and
waste usinq electric shovels for loading
and trains for hauling. The electric
shovels range in size from 5 to 15 cubic
Y8rds with an average of 10 cubic yards.
Locomotives range in size from 85 to 140
US tons and handle seven to eleven eo-us
ton rail cars on hauls averaoino 8 km.
Grades are limited to a maximum of +3~
for loaded trains and a m8ximum of +4%
for empties. For this operation there

9
is 8 ratio of 3.2 trains for each are based on a one-way haul of 900 m on
shovel. The curves reflect a one-way a level orade and include a 6~ rolling
haul of 8,800 m on a +3~ grade from 8 resistance in the pit area. To
pit 240 m in depth. To determine costs determine costs for varyinq haul lengths
for hauls of varyinq length or grade, and grades, multiply the costs obtained
multiply the costs obtained from the from the curves by the following
curves by the following factors: . factors:

Labor Factor, Labor Factor,

=
F 0.0058(L)OoS59(G)2.?50 F =
O.OS65(l)o.359(G)1.S30

Equipment Operation Factor, Equipment OpQration Factor,

F =O.0017(L)Oo?OO(G)S.300 F =
O.0641(l)o •• 03(G)I.620

Where: Where:
F = Factor F =
Factor
L = Length cf Haul in m L = Lenoth of Haul in m
G = Grade, defined as 1.0t(~orade/100) G = Grade, defined as 1.0t(~qrade/100)

Scraper prOduction in tid is based on an

100,"0
assumed material having a wei9ht of 2.2
t/m 3 and requiring ripping. If no
ELECTRIC SHOVELS AND TRAINS
ripping is required, reduce curve values
by 15%.
TL • 1.216(X)0.125
Vs • 0.203(X,O.793
'I • a,1S1(X)o.IlS
For a typical scraper operation, the
...... -- labor cost is based on a compositp crew
'20,000 .! x .! 100,000
.... ........ having an average rate of SS.24 per
10,000
I ...... ... worker-hour with both scraper and dozer
v.t!!.'"...... T .,,1\0"... ... operators at $8.24.
,,"'" ",1 0!!,
......... tQ.>J}!'!!'"
r• ~ ......... ....... Equipment operating costs are 27~ for
.. dozers, rippers and push Cats and 73%
for rubber-tired scrapers, graders and
8 l--
!.>J"~ ~
water trucks.
1,000
.....- i-'"'"
V
---- 111,001

,j;~/
~-:;. .
+. .
01}" 1.-"
100 10,001
10 100 ~~ 7'
.<f':"
i
"..
METRIC TONS PER DAY X 10' ~,

r•
3.1.1.3.2. EXCAVATION, LOAD AND HAUL
RAIL HAULAGE
!l>0"
"t'#'l
V"
..... ~/.. "
F,quipment operating cost 1istrlbution 1,000
~~

for shovel and rail operation:

Shove-Is 19.9r.
...' " "
Locomotives 34.5~ ~"
Muck Cars 13 .6%
V YL = .... J05(X)O.6 .. S
Rubber Tire~ Support 32.0~ Y
f
z: O.299(X)··908

2~OOD ! x .! 'oo~ooo

Curve 3.1.1.3.3. covers mines excavating 101

1 10 110 1,000
2,000 to 300,000 tid of overburden and METRIC TONS PER DAY X 10'
waste usino whe~l tractor scrapers
ranqing in size and type from 13 US ton
self-loadinr. elevating scrapers to 64 US 3.1.1.3.3. EXCAVATION, LOAD AND HAUL
SCR~PF.RS
ton twin pngine scrapers. The curves

10
Curve 3.1.1.3.4. covers diesel powered 3.1.1.4. CORE DRILLING
draglines excavating and casting 8
medium digning overburden and waste Core drilling varies from nonexistent to
material from a dry pit into a spoil extensive depending on many unknown
pile. The material is assumed to weigh factors. Cere drilling is performed on
2.0 t/m 3 • The curve is in two parts. centers varying from 30 m to 245 m and
From 2,000 to 15,000 tId, crawler to varying depths. Core drilling can be
draglines range in size from 1.5 to 15 expected tc cost from $50 to $65 per m
cubic yard capacity. Above 15,000 tId, with average progress of 15 m per drill
the curve is based on 25 cubic yard shift for NX (3") holes depending on the
walking draalines. ~ dozer is provided hardness of the rock, quantity and depth
with each draQline for cleanup and to be drilled, and location, access, and
support. weather conditions.
For a typical dragline operation, the
labor cost is based on a composite crew Logging of cores and testing of samples
havina an av~rage labor rate of $8.21 indicate subcontract prices for bore
per worker-hour with draglin~ operators hole 1099ing are between $3 and $6 per m
at $8.30, oilers at $7.65, and dozer for 150 m holes. For additional details
operators at $8.24. see Section 4.1.1. (Exploration). Note
that ther~ is not always a direct
Equipment cperating cost tiistribution relationship between core drilling
for draglin~ operation: during mine operation and core drilling
Draqlines 70 .O~ for preproduction exploration.
Crawler Dozers 28.01.
Rubber Tired Support 2.0% 3.1.2. "IMING OF ORE

To determine the cost of a dragline 3.1.2.1. DRILL AND BLAST - ORE

operation loading to trucks, use the
values obtained from the second curve The curves have been developed in two
(Electric Shovels and Trucks). Adjust parts. Th~ following ~istribution
the values by increasing each curve applies to all equipment in this
component 257. and combine equipment section:
operation and supplies curves to account
for substitution of diesel fuel for FQUIPMENT OFF-RATING COST DISTRIBUTION
electric pcwer. (Note: supplies values
include only electric power.) DESCRIPTION REPHR FUEL TIRES
PARTS c.. LUBF
100,000 Drill Equiplllent 50~ 507-
Trucks 32~ 6 2r. 6~

WALKING DRA.. LINE

For mines producing from 100 to 10,000
tId of ore, the curves reflect costs for
,
drilling 6 m high benches with crawler
Y' type percussion drills. Spacing of 2.5
11,000 a~~
....':/,'
inch holes is on a pattern of 1.5 • x 2
m to a depth of 7 m. The powder factor
a9~"'~'" is 0.30 kg/t.
~l '!I-
,.,~ "/ "tJ'a
,:
CRAWLER DRAGLINE
~~ For mines producing 8,000 to 100,000 tId
of ore, drillino is performed with
t~~Jk:/
8 V CRAWLER DRAGLINI! rotary drills having a down pressure
1.' tu TD TO 1~ CU YD
1,000
..... l"'t-.. ,.~\ TL = 21t.,1(X)··171 ranoing fro~ 13,600 kg to 40,900 kg.
_I--..... a~ 'I! = •• DUCX)··"· The powder factor varies from 0.11 to
~'tot.~~
,.\~ 0.21 kg/t of ore. Holes drilled average
t.C>: 2,000 .:5. X.! 15,000
r- WALKIN' DRAGLINI! 12-1/4 inch diameter from a range of 6
YL = o. UIt<X).· 926 to 13-3/4 inch diameter. Bench heiohts
TE = O.D95(X)·'UO are 12 to 18 m, aVeraging 15 m.
f15.000 ~ X .:5. JO~"DO~
lDO
1 lD lOl 1,000
Drilling patterns and overdrilling range
HETR I C TONS PER DAY X 10'
from 80 to 184 t of blasted material per
m of drill hole. Secondary drilling and
3.1.1.3.4. EXCAVATION LOAD AND HAUL blasting range from O~ to 10~ of blasted
D'RAGLINES material.

11
 The curves indicate average costs for a 3.1.2.2. EXCAVATION, LOAD AND HAUL -
wide range of materials as can be noted ORE
above by drill sizes, bit sizes, powder
factors, and drill patterns and The curves are presented in three parts
therefore do not lend themselves to covering a variety of excavation methods
factorinQ for different hardness of and encompassing a range from 100 to
rock. To determine drilling and 100,000 tid. The following
~lastin9 costs, consideration must be distrihution applies to all equipment in
given to material hardness, this section:
abrasiveness, natural fractures and
joints, maximum size fragments that can EQUIPMENT OPERATING COST DISTRIBUTION
he loaded and hauled, and maximum or
optimum size fragments to be crushed or nESCRIPTIOH REPAIR FUEL TIRES
procf>ssed. PARTS f. LUBE
Shovels, ElectriC 947- 67.*
The labor cost for a typical rotary Shovels, Diesel 84"- 16r.
drill operation is ~ased on an average Rear Dump Trucks 187- 377- 45"
labor rate for a rotary drill and blest Crawler Dozers 70'7. 307.
crew of $8.00 per worker-hour including Locomoti ves, Elect. 89'7. 1 U~*
rotary drill operators at $8.34. The Locomoti ves, Diesel 46 r. 54~
labor cost for a typical percussion Other Equipnlent 3n 32" 35~
drill operation is based on an average
labor rate for drill and ~last crew ~f * Where electric powered equipment is
S7.91 per worker-hour including used. supply curve is for electric power
percussion drill operators at $8.17. only.

The supply costs for both curves include Curvp 3.1.2.1.1. covers from 100 to
drill bits and steel related items at 10,000 tid of ore using front-end
247, of the total with the remaining 76~ loaders and trucks. Th~ loaders range
for blastino supplies. in si7.p from 1 cubic yard for the small
mines to 6 cubic yards for the larger
Fquipment oreratinq costs include drills mines. The truck size varies from 10 to
75% and supporting equipment 257. .• 35 US tons. The curves reflect an
average one-way haul of 750 m on an B~
grade from a pit 60 m in ~epth. To
10, DOO
determine costs for varying length haul
r--cRLLER
r--=~
T~PE ~EJcJSS!ON bRILLS
or depth of pit, multiply the costs
obtained fro~ the curves by the
.-
YL at 1.798CX)O,821 '" following factors:
"'s 1/"- ~~'" '"
.'
II' LlftgeX)O.719

f- Y = O.60J(X,O.8B
f
","'" Labor Factor,
100! x ! lO~DDO
,,'" '" ,Y' .,.;§'~'V'/
" '" F = 0.155(R)o.030(L)o.Z~3
1,000
",' ;' .I'
-~
'"
,,'" ,,' ,,' '" '" 1",- Equipment Operation Factor,
.... "";'" F = 0.080(R)o.O~7(L)o.3S3
'" ,,' ,,' ~ ~~".r. '"
:.)"'1;

'V~.
.'"
?i'" 1/ "';",' L'
~'"
~ 0,'~~'" Wh ere:
= Factor
,,' .1, to'> " ," ..~~" r
","" rI:. I.~"",
R = Depth of Pit in ~ (- or or.
100
,,' '"
" .,~,. . '" ~
~,
R=1.0)
grade,
" o~"i.·'
~It-.~""
,," ,~...':,'"
1
ROTARY DRI LLS
L = Length of Haul in m
'--~ -
Y : O.OJ)(X)O.972 For a front-end loader and truck
typic~l
" L

"'" "'5
vf:
:II'

:r
o.on(x)O.lJ87
O,Olt6(X)O.860 -
oper~tion. the labor cost is based on a
composite crew having an average labor
1,000 ~ x !. 100,DOO rate of $8.15 per worker-hour with a
10
0.1 10 11. loadpr operator at SP.19 and truck
METRIC TONS PER DAY X 10 3 driver at $7.65.

3.1.2.1. DRILL AND BLAST Fquipment oreratinq costs for loader and
t ru cr. oper a tJon:
load€·rs 15.8~
Pear rump Trucks 41.8'Y

12
Crawler Dozers 22. 7~
Rubber Tired Support 19.7'7.
1",0"
, ELECTRI C SHOVELS
AND TRUCKS
"
'L • o''',O(X)O.II. I
~.
Curve 3.1.2.2.1. covers mines produclnQ Vs • t.Ot/(.)o.n7 I
fro~ 8,000 to 100,000 tId of are. The v•• 0.22SC.)0,,,6 !
loading units are electric shovels ',IOO! x.! 100,000 I-V
ranQinq in size from 5 to 15 cubic yar~s
and average 10 cubic yards.
trucks from
Rear dump
35 to 100 US tons are the
10,000
~~.~~~
;:."'/ ./
main haulin9 units, with the average FRONT ~ND LOADERS AJlD TRUCKS
..q~
size of all trucks at 85 US tons. The
ratio of trucks to loading
averaoes 6 to 1. The curves are based
units
.:
r- TL • n.60eX)O.S03

~ 'fe-
.... oex)O.599
Ih v~04",

§ LOO ~ x,j to,ooo ./

/
on an average one-way haul of 2.000 m on
an 81< grade from a pit 120 m in depth. 1,000 I ~
'"./
V- :/ V
/ ' ./ ./
To determine costs for varying lengths
of haul or depth of pit, multiply the
costs obtained from the curves by the vi'"~
r. """"0"/
./ ~t."'i-"
,,0
~,
",<$ !r
~q
","'/

following factors: t.<X

+-t.",/
V
Labor Factor, V /

F = 0.1173(R)o.030(L)o.Z63 100
0.1 10 100
METRIC TONS PER. DAY X 10 3

Equipment Operation Factor,

F = 0.0546(P)o.O_7(L)o.353 3.1.2.2.1. EXCAVATION, LOAD AND HAUL
TRUCK HAULAGE
Where:
F = Fa.ctor Curv~ 3.1.2.2.2. is for mines producing
R = Depth of Pit in m (- or 07. grade, from 20.000 to 100,000 tId usi09
R=1.0) electric shovels with trains for
L = Length of Haul in m hauling. 7he electric shovels range in
size from 6 to 10 cubic yards.
For a typical electric shovel and truck Locomotives range in size from from 85
operation the labor cost is based on a to 140 OS tons and handle seven to
composite crew having an average rate of eleven 60 to 80 US ton rail cars on
$8.10 'per worker-hour with 8 shovel hauls avera~ing 8.BOO m on a +3l grade
operator at S8.30 and truck driver at from a pit 240 m in depth. To determin~
$8.05. costs for varyinQ lengths of haul or
depth of pit. multiply the costs
Equipment operating costs for shovel and obtained from the curves by the
truck operation: following factors:
Shovels 8.5%
Rear Dump Trucks 70.0" Labor Factor.
Crawler DozFrs 11.0% F : 0.005S(1)o.s59(G)z.75o
Rubber Tired Support 10.5%
Equipment Operation Factor,
To determine the cost of a drag line F = 0.0017(1)o.700(G)1.300
operation loading to trucks. use the
values obtained from the second curve Where:
(Electric Shovels and Trucks). .Adjust F = FActor
the values by increasing each curve L = Length cf Haul in m
component 25r. and combine equipment G : Grade. defined as 1.0±(r.grade/100)
operation and supplies curves to account
for substitution of diesel fuel for For a typical electric shovel and train
electric power. (Note: supplies values operation, the labor cost is based on a
are for 100~ electric power.) composite crew set up accordinq to the
size and nature of the operation with a
For draqlines excavating and casting locomotive operator at $8.20 and
ore. use data and values obtained from brakeman at $7.80 per worker-hour. The
Section 3.1.1.3. (Excavation. Load and train operation is based on thp use of
Haul - Overburden and Waste). diesel locomotives. When electric
locomotives are used. reduce equip~ent

13
operation cost by 197 and increase For cutter head dredaino, increase the
supplies by the same dollar amount. supply curve by 357. and increase
equipment operation 100~.
fquipment o~erating costs for shovel and
rail operation:
10,0"
Shovels 19.9f.
tocomotives 34.57
Muck Cars 13.67-
Rubber Tirec Support 32.0';

",.n I I .........
..........
...
V
ELeCTRI C SHOVELS AND TRAINS
1--'"
~ ...... ",
YL
Ys
11

1:
1,216()()··125
0.203(X)0.791
1,000
... ""...
"0"'",,
."

--- ----
Y • O.I51(X)',·15
f
/'" f~+
20,000 .! x ! 100.GOO
",'>
~~~ ....
~qq",~~~.,.
,
1•• 00. :11/o~
~O~_-
.. +....

----- ~'ll'-"",,~ -
."" --T o,t..""
v-~\Ol' - - "'
L "'''':~
,,/ /.~,
'" ","'",0:

.""..,....,...",. -- F-
.
.:
8
",'"

",,,,,,,'" ",'"'"
v'"
",'"
Yl. =- 16,58(X)0.522
Ys
Y
= O.'ltl(X)O.I7J
O. U2(X)O •• 56

.
IE

.: E

8
c;IJ':!.\..\t.
S
........ --- .--
100
1,,000 .! x.! 20,,000

-
I 10 II'
I ••••
~- CUBIC METERS PER DAY X 10 3

10-" -~- 3.1.2.3. DREDGING

3.1.3. RESTORATION DURING PRODUCTION

Permits are generally required prior to

100
disturbing the qround surface.
I. 110 Typically, the permit specifies that the
NETRIC TONS PER DAY X la' area must ~e restored, hectare for
hectare, to approyimately the original
3.1.2.2.2. EXC~VATION, LOAD AND HAUL contours and planted with native plants
RAIL HAULAGE and trees. On large open pit mines
where restoration to the original
3.1.2.3. DREDGING contours would not be practical, topsoil
and plantin~ g~nerally woulrl be required
The curves for dredging cover bucket on the slcpes. It is estimated that a
line dredges which are excavating and restoration proQrarn for an open pit
processing free gold and platinu •• operation would range from $5,000 to
These operations normally work 24 hours ~12,500 per surface hectare depending on
per day with cleanup of metals and the requirements.
repair performed 00 one or two shifts of
the week.
3.1.4. GENERAL OPERATIOHS
The labor cost for a typical dredging
operation js based on an average labor 3.1.4.1. GENERAL ITE"S -
rate of $7.47 per worker-hour with COBBUNIC1TIONS, SANITATION,
winchmen at $8.10, mechanics $7.95 and HOUSEKEEPING, FIRE PROTECTION AID
laborers $6.91. ELECTRICAL

The supply curve consists of electric This set of curves covers the cost for
power only. the general operations custo.arily
reQuired in surface mining operations.
Equipment operation costs consist of 95~
Examples of services provirled are
repair parts aort 570 lubrication. plumbing, miscellaneous repairs, rough
and finish carpentry, incidental jobs,

14
fire protection, electrical maintenance 1.... /
and qeneral housekeepinq. They are V
plotted for la~or, supplies and //
equipment cperation on the basis of
total quantity of ore and waste handled JI
per day. L/
,,"
The averag€ labor cost is $7.54 per /
100
worker-hour with general laborers at
$6.91. Th~ size of the workforce
i ,-,"t/ "
required will vary from a small crew of
one or two persons working a fractional ..
L
~~"
".:J
y"
day to possibly thrEfe shift.s of from 12 /'
to 24 persons per day. .:..
8 l/ "
Rquipment operation consists of repair "
10
parts 307., tires 107. and fu~l and lube "
60';. -.
1/
10,00 0
.
..... Vs • a.221(X)'·'''·
1,.-........ "'0 .! x .i ItOO,OOO

'L • o.200eX)t.o .... ,,/

I
0.10 11 III 1 ••0 0
Ys :. o.021(X)l.D
........
1,1100 H~TRI C TONS PER DAY X 10:5, TOTAL ORE AND WASTE
Ye: • O.DUCx,1 •• 0 _

100 .! x .! l,DOD
-
~o"
-~ .... ~....
".... ,,"
.... ........ 3.1.4.2. WATER SUPPLY SYSTE~
........ ,.."....
........ .... 3.1.4.3. DRAIIAGE AID DISPOSIL SISTEK
" ....
ltO "
.: -.)~~"
...~
' o~~.,..""di'" The curve shows the. daily cost
8 " . ~,,~ associated with pumping and disposinq of
,,"" ,.." e,;'
..0: a given quantity of water against a
" "
,/ . specific hea~. The user mnst determine
the quantity of water to be handled and
""
YL • S.1S2(X)D.SJO the associated head loss including
friction, elevation and minor losses.
""" ,,"
YS·D,lJ)(X,··n\
VI! • O.1211CX)··660 The product of these values, expressed
,," 1,000.! x .:! 1100,000 in m-m 3 /d, will enable a determination
10 ltO 1.000 of daily COEt.
METRIC TONS PER OAY X 10 3 • TOTAL ORE AND IIASTE
The labor curve is based on a cost of
3.1.4.1. GENERAL ITEMS $8.65 per worker-hour.

3.1.4.2. WATER SUPPLY SISTER The supply curve is made up of 901-

electric pewer and 1070 miscellaneous
The water supply system curve represents supplies ..
a cost allowance which may be provided
for furn~shing and supplyinQ the limited tquipment operation· is composed of
quantity of water typically required in repair par~s 85% and l~brication 1S~.
connection . with surface mining
operations for such functions as dust
cont~ol, equip~ent operation and
cooling.

The cost allowance is based on the total

quantity of ore and waste handled per
day. If water i~ available from other
sources at no cost, this curve should
not be used.

16
 /
Note that from an economic standpoint,
.IV
the lower limit is $150 per day (for 10
persons) and the limit above a daily
.IV workforce of 1,800 persons is equivalent

1...-
/ to $8.50 per person per day. If the
camp is to be operated on a seasonal
11. ",
basis due to inclement weather, increase
~' ./ the cost by 25l •
...- ./
",'"~Y
.,.)'I.~ ...-
V V
./
111,011

/' ,
11
I"V
j
"v/ /'" .'

i ./ ." V /
:•
..
...- ~JL+- ,o~ .. /
./
V ../'V.;:- <1Ji.9 10,000

D
/ /
~~,
"q~ .,,,V
'/
:•
~
,,-
'" " "
...;I".

""
'"
/
YL z l.25XlO- S(X)t.O
Ys. l.25XlO- It CX,l,O 1,'1'
V
,,' /' Te: • ,.2ltXlO- 6 (X)l.O
/ CNf1 OPIRATlON DAILY COlT
-
-
1/ 1/" 10,000 .! X .! 6,000,000
,_ • 1I.SlCI)··1t1
-
.1
10 /' 100 1,000 11,0" V II ,! • .1 1,. •••

V--.O.06 METER - CUBIC METERS PER DAY X 10 3 / ' •• I.SCx,I •• -

l7 .,. ... .! • .! I,'"
3.1.4.3. DFAINAGE AND DISPOSAL SYSTEM 100
I I I ! ! I I
10 .. I 1,010 11,,000
TOTAL DAILY _~R
3.1.4.4. CAftP OPERATION
Where conditions such as a remote 3.1.4.4. CAMP OPERATION
location or seasonal operation rpquir~
that camp housing (i.e. room and board) 3.1.4.5. LONG DISTAICE TRAISPORTATIOJ
be made available to mine workers, the
daily cost obtained from the curve 3.1.4.5.1. RAIL TRANSPORTATION
should be U~Qd. The user must determine
the average daily workforce using the The following table Qives the cost in
camp in the overall operation under t/t-km to ship materials by rail in
C'onsideraticn. various se~tions of the United States
based on a 100 km haul and Denver rates
This is a daily operational cost and is in July 1975. To adjust this cost for
in addition to townsite capital cost, any haUl l~nQth multiply by the factor
~ection 4.2.3. Of the daily cost obtained from the following equation:
ohtained from the curve, 307. is for
housinq and 70~ for food and mess Factor = 5.361(dist.,km.)-o.36.6 Ar•• hetot
facilities. The following example
serves to illustrate the use of this Mal.rialto Denver Mtn-Pac. W ••tern S. We.ter" Southern Official
ba shipped Factor
curve. Rat. Factor FlICtOf Factor factor

Minaralore 1.665 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.6

Assume a surface mine operation requires Iron or.
Copper"ore
1.B96
1.046
1.0
1.0
1.4
NA
.7
2.3 NA
.9 1,6
1.0
an average daily workforce of 500 Lead-zinc or. 3.170 1.0 1.1 1.1 8 1.2
Bauxite 2.253 1.0 1.2 I.B 1.0 1.8
persons. Enter the curve with 500 Matallic or•• 3.260 1.0 NA 1.4 .7 .9
persons and determine a daily cost of Nonmetallic are.
Flulling lime.tone
2.356
2.643
1.0
1.0
1.0
NA
7
.6
.8
1.5
1.1
1.3
$4,902. If 60~ of the workforce require Sand or gt'8vel 2.445 1.0 .8 .9 .7 1.1
Industrial .and and
room and board and 40% require only room gravel 2.972 1.0 1.2 .9 .8 12
(i.e. units have kitchens), then: Ceramic or clay
Phosphat. rock
3.021
1.112
1.0
1.0
1.1
NA
1.2
NA
I."
15
1.8
.8
Rock ..I, 2.954 1.0 .9 4 .6 .8

Cost per day = 4,Q02[(.3)+(.7)(.6)] = NA Not available

The foUowing map Indicat•• the . . . .nat.tt f.ctor . . . .
$3,529

16
 Class 70 F = 16.08(X)-0.710
To adjust values for competitive haul
areas use 8 factor of 0.68; to adjust
for nonmountainous areas use a factor of
0.95; and, to adjust for loads of 23 t
or more use a factor of 0.95.

txample:

For a Class 35 haul of 1S km in a

competitive area with a load of 25 t:
Factor = 14.41(15)-0.68P =
2.273
Rate = 14.76xO.68xO.95x7..273 =
21.67 t/t-km.
Total Cost = 21.67x25x15/100 $S1.26=
3.1.'.5.3. VATER TRANSPORTATION
F.xample:
Barge shipment is significantly affected
To estimate the cost per t-km for moving by the following variables:
800 t of iron ore 200 km through the
Official area: Access to a commercial waterway at both
Denver rate = 1.896 shipping and receiving points, duration
Area factor = 1.6 of shipping season, adequacy of dockage
Distance factor =
0.78 (from equation), and facilities for transfer of cargo,
Therefore: and tonnage to be moved by waterway.
Rate = 1.896x1.6xO.78 = 2.366 t/t-km.
Total Cost = 2.366x800x200/100 = $3,786 The ~ajor cost variables are:
The data" and classifications used for Amount of cbrgo to be mov~d (size of
rail transpcrtation are based on U. S. tow), covered or open hatches, special
Oepart.ent of Transportation, Federal or standard holds, and the possibility
Railroad Administration, ·Carload of barge carrying cargo on back haul
Waybill Statistics, Territorial instead of making return trip in
Distribution, Traffic and Revenue by ballast.
Commodity Classes."
Typical rate is SO.006/t-km and if cargo
3.1.4.5.2. TRucr TRANSPORTaTION is availabl~ for return trip reduce cost
by 407..
The following gives the rates per t-km
for contract truck transportation in 3.1.4.5.4. PIPELINE TRANSPORTATIOI
mountainous areas. Three classes have
been designated to cover the value of Pip~line costs are appreciably affected
various materials to be shipped: by vertical alignment (i.e. number of
lifts or pumping stations required and
Class 35 less than SO.S8/kg type of material). Typical rates for
Class 50 from SO.S8/kg to S2.20/kg well lubricated nonviscous materials
Class 70 greater than S2.20/kg are:
The noncompetitive 50 km haUl rates Few lifts - $O.004/t-km
based on Denver in July 1975 are: f-everal - SO.OOS/t-km
Class 35 14.76 tlt-km 3.2. SURFACE IIIIRG - ADIINISTRATIVE
Class 50 17.61 t/t-km COSTS
Class 70 20.84 tlt-km
3.2.1. GENERAL EXPENSE
To adjust these rates for other haul
distances where X =
distance in km: 3.2.1.1. IDIIRISTRITIVE SALARIES AND
WAGES
Class 35 F = 14.41(X)-0.682
The general expense curve for surface
Class 50 F = 15.89(X)-0.707 mines administrative salaries and wages

17
drilling, leading, blasting, mucking and 1,"1 . , - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - - , - - - . . . . . , . - - - , . . - - - .
hauling plus track, vent line and
utilities installation.

The average labor cost is ~8.12 per

worker-hour with miners at $8.29.

Supplies are compose~ of steel items 671 ......

(track, drill bits and steel, pipe, fan \"~2~ ....;opp~',!!.--

+-------+------...+.:::..._...-.::-=-:-::::-~...;..-==F:.:........j
line, etc.), explosives 307. and electric
power 3%.
100

.-
The equipment operation curve is based
on the use of battery locomotives and is
composed of repair parts 89~ and fuel
and lube 11X. If diesel locomotives are
used, increase the equipment operation
value by 201 and decrease the supplies
27.. ...-......

EQUIPMENT OPERATING COST DISTRIBUTION ' l :; 28.7ltCX,··UIt

Ys :; It6. ]lex)··"06
DESCRIP'TJON REPAIR FUEL t Y
f
• t.726(X)O.725
PARTS LUBE J~X~lO
Locomotives, Battery 89'Y. 11~
Locomotives, Diesel 46r. 541. 10

Other Equipment 907. 107. sqUAll! Ml!TER PACE AREA

Factors: 3.3.1.1.1. SMALL DF.VELOPMENT DRIFTS

Add for tOUGh, abrasive rock drilling: RA n. HAUl.AGE
8~ steel.
Add for difficult breaking rock: 3.3.1.1.2. S"ALL DRIFTS FOB ROBBER
8.57. explosives. TIBED HAULAGE
Add for regular pattern roc~ bolting:
10~ steel and 7~ labor. Drift sizes on this curve vary from 4 to
20 m~ face area with advances varying
For timber set support: from 1.7 to 2.0 m ppr shift and are
Add 33r. labor. normally used for LHD haulage. The
Add 30¥. supplies. curve components are based on a medium
hard rock requiring no support and
include drilling, loading, blasting,
mucking and hauling plus vent line and
utilities installation.

The average labor cost is S~.27 per

worker-hour with miners at $8.29.

Supplies are composed of steel items 58~

(drill hits pipe, fan line, etc.),
explosives 38~ and electric power 47..

The equipment operation curve is

composed of repair parts 72%, tires 9~
and fuel and lube 197..

Factors:
Add for tough, abrasive rock drilling:
8% steel.
Add for difficult breaking rock:
8.5')( explosives.
Add for regular pattern rock bolting:
10% steel and 7~ labor.

19
1,DO 0 I, ••
• _.

..........
"'~;;;
."...,...,.,-
1.,,'01'-.... .. . ~ ............
......
....... 'I..\t~_ ..

..-----
-1'''''\t.!t~'''' .,; ,~ ........
10D
~";
....
~~

...
100
~\~......... "'"
....W ,c/",/' \,,.t.";'.~
toll\!..
~
~'" '" e! V"
... :
Qq
~'"
Y
L
lI: 56.07(X)o.Jft2
.
f
o 's lI: \J.DJ(X)O.JU
u
~o: 'II!: • J. JOJ(X)o. II' r
",,,,,,,
It .! X .! JO

10
10 100 'l'L • 10. ,'eX)O .1" -
SQUARE METER FACE AREA
"s • Jl.lOeX)O.'57
Yr .... 'I66(X)a.tol

3.3.1.1.2. SMALL DEVELOPMENT DRIFTS 10 ! X ! 50

RUBBER TIRED HAULAGE I.

10 '0 100
SQUARE METU fACE AREA
3.3.1.1.3. LARGE DRIFTS FOR ROBBER
TIRED HAULAGE 3.3.1.1.3. LARGE DEVELOPMENT DRIFTS
rrift sizes on this curve vary from 20
RIIBBER TIRED HAULAGE
to 50 mZ facp area with ddvances varying
from 2.1 to 2.4 m per shift and are 3.3.1.2. SINKING SHAFTS
normally used for truck haulage. The
curve components are hased on a medium Shaft sinking curves cover a range of
hard rock requiring no support and face areas from 4 to 40 m2 with average
include drilling, loading, blasting, advances of 0.76 ~ per shift to 1.22 m
mucking and hauling plus vent line and per shift in the smaller shafts and 1.02
utilities instdllation. rn per shift overall in the laroer
shafts.
The average labor cost is se.28 per
workpr-hour with miners at $A.29. The smaller shafts are based on using
miners at $8.29 per worker-hour and a
~upplies arf composed of steel items 52~ hoistman at $8.14 for an average labor
(drill bits and steel, pipe, fan line, cost of $8.15. In the larger shafts the
etc.), explcsives 45~ and electric power crew siZe increases considerably iith
3L the average hourly cost at $8.21 per
worker-hour. Applicable hourly costs
The equipment operation curve is include: shaft miner S8.64, foreman
composed of rppair parts 71V" tires 10r. $9.09, miner helpers $8.02, mucker
and fuel and luhe 19%. operator and ca~ers $7.88, electrician
$8.20. and holst men S8.14.
Factors:
Add for tou~h. abrasive rock drillino: ~upplies are composed of explosives 8r.,
timber 14~, power 67., steel related
A~ steel.
Add for difficult breaking rock rock: items 62~ (pipe and fittings, guides and
8.5 for explosives. manways, reck and hanger bolts, etc.)
Add for r9Quiar pattern rock bolting: and miscellaneous items 10~.
101. steel and 7~ labor.
The equipment operation curve is
composed of repair parts 887., fuel and
lune 7~ and tires 5~ (tlr~s used OP

20
topside cranes and loaders servicinq the Supplies are cOMposed of steel 1teas 33"
shaft sinkinq). (drill bits and steel. pipe, etc.),
explosives 38~, timber 28" and pover 1".
Factors:
When concretino a large shaft The equiP"ent operation curve Is
concurrently with sinking, reduce labor composed cf repair parts 911. and
12~, add 18' to supply curve for lubrication 9".
concrete and foras, and reduce equipMent
operation 3.5". If a simple chute with steel bottom lip
and steel door at the bottom of a raise
If shafts are to be laqqed with tiaber, is used, add $265 to the total labor
increase labor 9~, increase tiMber cost and $750 to the total supply cost
~ortion of supply curve 38~. and for each raise. If grizzly chains and
increase equipment operation 13~. air cylinders are to be included also,
add an additional $265 to the total
Services installed in shaft include labor cost and $1.500 to the total
guides, .aDways, air, vater and vent supply cost for each raise.
lines, and all electrical cables. signal
lines, and lighting. Sinking i5 If the raises are Dot tiMber lined
considered to be done with a sinking deduct 28" from supply curve and 30X
headframe. Costs for permanent hoisting from labor curve.
facilities ~re included in Section
4.3.2.2. (Hoisting Facilities). I .....

1.....

........-:: e
Itl
~
SUI'·Lll[S

--
V
I

V' ~
V ~

V ",..0/ i
tI ~~ .;
II

• )1. ~'\)/ ~£...lloM

£QUlpMfllT~P-

i•
V v~
~

r ~~~
~ "L • _st.n(a)··'" 'L • U,IHCX)""'
'I. ,... no),·IIt" _
"I. sa.'7(X)···
i V '.. .,.,J(X)··"' 'E • '.712(K)·· .. "
,.!X.!,

II.
.. .! I .! " 1
1 , 10
1 11 1. .
SqUARE MEUR RAts! AREA
SQIWIE METER SIW'T AREA

3.3.1.3. DRIVING RAISES

3.3.1.2. SINKING SHAFTS
3.3.1.4. PBEPABIIG STOPES
3.3.1.3. DRIYING RAISES
Stope preparation varies widely from one
The curves for driving raises are for mine to another dependlnq upon the
tvo-compartment timber lined raises individual mine system of extraction.
varying in face area from 2 to 6 mZ • Stope development is generally
Advance rates in m per worker-shift considered to be that work necessary to
Ianqe from 1.25 for a 2 m2 raise to 0.7 develop and prepare a stope or body of
for a 6 .2
raise. ore for full scale extraction of the ore
contained therein and includes such
The averaqe labor cost is $8.20 per items as sutlevel drifts. minor raises
worJter-hour with !!liners at $8.29 and within the stope, finger raises. slusher
motormen at $7.53. station cutcuts, scram drifts, pocket

21
cutouts, chute installations ~nd box or miscellaneous supplies.
mill holes. In block caving, all of the
draw raises, undercut drifts, mill F.quipment operation cost is $0.75 per m
holes, and scrams if used, would be and is composed of 88" repair parts and
considered as stope devp.lopment. 12% luhrication.
The costs given below are averaQes from For EX core drilling (1-1/2" hole),
several mines. Should the user desire, reduce labor cost 9~ per m.
stope preparation costs may also be
determined usin9 the applicable cost The amount of core drilling required
curves (drifting, raising, haulage, will vary for different types of
etc.) that fit the particular situation. operations and is not based on dally
mine production. Therefore, the user
Overhand stopes (flat back, rill, must rletermine the quantity and type of
vertical face and square set stopes), cores thftt will be needed.
shrinkage stopes, room and pillar and
block cavinQ are in the lower cost 3.3.2. ftINIRG OF aBE
range, frOM $1.00 to $2.48 per t of mine
production. The curves in this section reflect costs
associated with mining of ore by various
Cut and fill, longhole or sublevel methods and are taken through the
stopes are in the median cost range, loadinQ operation. Haulage, hoisting
from $2.34 to $3.89 per t of mine and transporting of materials, are
production. covered in ~ection 3.3.3. (Haulage of
Ore).
Combination methods or nonuniform ore
bodies will he in the upper cost range. 3.3.2.1. SHRIRKAGE STOPES
from $3.75 to $5.23 per t of aine
production. The curves for shrinkage stope minino
cover a range of overall production
Labor is 66~ of the total cost using varying from 18 to 36 t per worker-shift
miners at S8.29 per worker-hour. and average 28 t per worker-shift.

The supplies cost is 30~ of the total The average labor cost is based on a
cost and is composed of steel items 40l, miner's rate of $8.29 per worker-hour.
explosives 35~, timber 12~ and
misceilaneous items 13~. Supplies consist of steel related items
31~, explosives 53r., timber 6~ and
Equipment operation expenses compose the miscellaneous items 10r..
remaining 4~ of the total cost and
consist of repair parts 91~ and Equipment operation consists of 90~
lubrication 97.. repair part~ and 10~ lu~rication.

Equipment O~eration Factor: Stopes are considered to be free running

If slushers are required add $0.15
t.
Supplies Factor:
For very abrasive rock add 8~ for steel.
For very tough breaking rock add 8.5%
for explosives.
For timber sets add SO.53 per t.
3.3.1.5. CORE DRILLIRG
The core drill size used for these costs
is AX (1-7/R" holes).
per and curves are based on stopes 3.2 m
wide with varying lengths. For stopes
from 1 to 4.3 m wide, multiply each
curve value by the following factor:
Factor = 1.50(W)-O.350
Where:
W = Width in m
"For widths Qreater than ~.3 ro, the
factor will remain constant at 0.90.

Labor cost is $13.00 per m usinQ alners

at $8.29 p~r worker-hour.

Supplies cost Is $8.02 per m composed of

95~ .drill rods and bits and SY.

22
10,000 factor will remain constant at 0.95.

"- --_ . -----

......
, ..... .......... ~/
1>-_0," ... ......
"",,,,,,,
...;;.... "
_ .....
...
...... ,,",," ",,,,,,/ '
I,DOO
...... ,/" " 10,00'

" " ./'

,,-,'I.';,'"
" ",,,,,,
-,,' '"
....,,"' ,t." ",,'"
,.,.",,;... '",,"
,,'" " ............ ,,"
c,\)':"''/'
"," 1-'",
1--'"
"," ...,,;t\O! ........
'" O,t:~......
,," ~" ./ '" """,
",""
\'f:;';" 1,0"
100 "" t.~11
,;. ... ",'

,,'
",'

i
",,,' "
""
... ...... ,,/

V ......
...... r " ,/
,,",," o~
..~
t.'" "
YL • 75. "(X)·· .. "
,,' ~'\ ...,....
"
Ys • O."7CX)···ftS
YI! .... 072(X)··501 - lOO
t.~~"''''
100 ! X .! ".000 "
10
100 ",,,,' '"
J,OOO
METRI C TONS PER DAY YL • t.,71CX)O.9U
fS • 2.1"eX)0."8

3.3.2.1. SHRINKAGE STOPES YI! ••• SUCX)··'

110 .! x .! 1.000
10
3.3.2.2. COT AND FILL STOPES 1 I 1, ••• 10, II
METRIC TONS PER DAY
The curves for cut and fill stope mining
are for overall production, includin~ 3.3.2.2. CUT AND FILL STOPES
placement of backfill, ranging from 10
to 13 t per worker-shift and averaging 3.3.2.3. O'EBHAID STOPES
12 t per worker-shift.
Overhand stopes are defined as flat
The average labor cost is based on a tack, rill, vertical face and square set
miner's rate of $8.29 per woiker-hour. stopes in which constant timbering Is
required. The curves for overhand stope
Supplies consist of steel related items mining are for overall production
14V" explosives 28~, timber 42l, power ranging from 5 to 8 t per Yorker-shift
c% and cement 107.. and averaging 7.3 t per worker-shift.
Equipment operation consists of 90~ The average labor cost is based on a
repair parts and 10r. lubrication. miner"s rate of $8,29 per worker-hour.
The curves include excavation of the Supplies consist of steel related items
are, slushing to chutes and sand 15%, explosives 15~, timber 607., power
backfill operations including chute and 5~ and misc~llaneous items 5~.
manway extensions.
Fquipment operatibn consists of 89~
The curves are based on stopes 5.25 m repair parts and 11~ lubrication.
wide with varying lengths. For stopes
from 1 to 6.5 m wide, multiply each The curves are based on stopes 7.2 m
curve value by the following factor: wide with varying lengths. For stopes
from 1 to 7.2 m wide, multiply each
curve value by the following factor:

Where: Factor = 1.50(W)-O.Z05

W = Width in m
For widths greater than 6.5 ro, the

23
~'here: It,'"
W = Width in m
t,,-
For widths greater than 7.2 m, the V
factor will remain constant at 1.0. ,,'
",,/

1,'" ~'
$I , es,
~';
,," V'
,/ ,. V"
I,."
~l ~.... " ,,'
~"

...," ","" ,," '" IL'/

,$/."""~
"
,,,,§:- V'
V .:
! , .... ....
,,/
1-0'
........
....
to ........

...."
l,.-'
V

~ ".... ~...<I'....
........... <1"'" . . . .
II.
V III

/'
/
~,,~;
.,;,'
......
~

....'
.... "....
........
...~.
:\

o'~' V. . YL • o. 7I'(X)·· . .,

(t)".
...
~~~ ~"
"S ••• .,' .. ex)···..
~,.,. V TI! • 0 •• 'I(X)··tt7

......
..
........ III.! X .! 11.000
.... / ....
.: 'L . . . . IJ(X),·-'I 10

8 TS. tl.77(X)··'" -
10.
SI.oo " I,ll.
MET" C TONS PeR DAY
11,,'
'I • , ..... (X) •• Ut

I'!.X.!."
I I I
3.3.2.4. LONGHOLF. STaPES
II
10 II. I,". 3.3.2.5. ROOK AND PILLAR
MET. . C TONS PER DAY

3.3.2.5.1. ROOB AND PILLAR

3.3.2.3. OVERHAND STaPES
3.3.2.4. LO"GHOLE
The curves for longhole stope mininQ are
for overall production ranging from 70
to 110 t per worker-shift and averagino
90 t per worker-shift.
The averagE labor cost is $8.15 per
workpr-hour with miners at $8.29 and
helpers at ~8.02.
Supplies consist of steel related items
48%, explosives 42% and miscellaneous
Hems 10"!:.
Fquipment operation consists of
repair parts and 10r. fuel and lube.
The curves reflect costs associated with
mining in a minimum stope width of 6 m
and have no upper width limit. If this
minin9 method is to be applied to widths
less than 6 m, the explosives portion of
the supply curve must be increased 25%
and the la~or curve values increased
10"'.
KEDIUK TO HARD ROCK
S~OPES
In MPdium tc hard rock and ores very
little oround support is required. The
overall production of room and pillar
minino in this media ranges from 34 t
per worker-shift in the very hard rock
to 171 t per worker-shift in the medium
rock. The curves reflect an average
production of 163 t per worker-shift.
The averaqe labor cost is $8.15 per
vorkpr-hour with miners at $8.29, loader
operators S8.17 and laborers $7.65.
Supplies consist of steel related items
4570 and explosives 55r..
90~
Equipment operation consists of repair
parts 7470, fuel and lubp 19r. and tires
7%.

24
1..... " .....
/:
V ......
~
~
10-......
1.....
~ ... ~r

~
V' /'" 1-"

...... "t"
........./
i
r /' ,., <§~
.,........~
...... ...... ",'"
,p""'''' ,,~
~"',.)'I.~
V
1....
~..." rJI'
1..-......

h ....... . . ~
.,..4.......
tIt; ......
... ",'V'"
!:". .7 ':''I.,~""", I, •••
"'L
i ......t.Cl!.......... t,"
tf",?;r
r .........
1-''''
.. .
",
....:J
~
'"

...."''''..
......
......... 'L • ,.,I7(X) •• I"

L YL ••• 110(X)'· UI -
Ys • I.U'(X)··IU
' I . . . . . 7(X)··n7
'5. 1.U'CX)··tOJ
' I ' .! x.! JO, . . .
't: • O.UseX)I ••
1••
1,000 ! X .! 10,.0' 1..
I"." 11, •••

". METRIC TONS PER DAY

1....
HETRIC TONS PER DAY
'.'" 1'."1

3.3.2.5.2. ROOM AND PILLAR

~OFT ROCK (NONMETALLIC)
3.3.2.5.1. ROOM AND PILLAR
MEDIUM TO HARD 3.3.2.6. BLOCK CAVING
3.3.2.5.2. ROO" AND PILLAR 3.3.2.6.1. BLOCK CAVING
SOFT ROCK (NON"ETALLIC) LOAD-HAUL-DURP RETHOD
In soft ores and rock (nonmetallic) the The load -ha ul-d ump (tHD) method of
production averages 67 t per excavation in ~lock cave mines covers a
worker-shift. Labor costs generally are production draw ranging from 270 to 900
higher than for medium to hard rock room t per worker-shift and averaQinQ 500 t
and pillar mining due to the extra labor per worker-shift. The trammino distance
needed for continuous close pattern rock is limited to 150 m for LHD haulage.
bolt support. The following section (3.3.2.6.2.) will
cost typical slusher and gravity
The average lahor cost is $8.14 per lIIethods.
worker-hour with miners at $8.29, loader
operators SA.17 and laborers $7.65. The average labor cost is $8.44 per
worker-hour with LHD operators at S8.17.
Supplies consist of steel related items h~nqup persons SP..76 and grader
3~, explosi ves 23';, power 40" operators $8.21.
(electrically powered equip.ent),
miscellaneous items 1% and rock bolts, Supplies consist of explosives (used for
33%. secondary blasting) 98~ and
miscellaneous items 2~.
fquipment operation consists of repair
parts 74", fuel and lube 19~ and tires Equipment operation consists of repair
7';. ~arts 50:, fuel and lube 26~ and tires
24".

25
10.000 100 ....

7
v
l/
",'P
-..l
" .,/ "'"-~'"
'" '........
~~
~..... ID,DOO
/'
.... ~

£V "'~!.
" ."." /' '"
1.000
./ ""1 ,,' '" /'
~
'7 7 ............ -l..--......... ~q"",
\f(,".,
."~r· ""~
\.0
'"
",."

. p [7 /'"
-~ I. ",,"'i-"'/'o'~'"
a
~
q
1,000 '" t,o..~"~'"

'P
/' ",'"
,q /'
t,~ YL ••. 1t29CX}··517 '"
Vs o.3IS(X)1.0 ",'"

V
II

'! • O.159CX,··872 /' '" -

YL .. U.03(X)··511
2,000 .! X .! 20,000 '5 .. O.319(X,l.D
IDD VI! .. O,"19(X)D.172 -
1,000 10,000 100,000
METR I C TONS PER DAY
2,000 .! x .! 60,000
100
1,000 10,000 100,000
3.3.2.6.1. BLOCK CAVING METRIC TONS PER DAY
LO~D-HAUL-DU"P METHOD
3.3.2.6.2. PLOCK CAVING
3.3.2.6.2. BLOCK CA'ING SLUSHER AND GRAVITY METHODS
SLOSHER AID GRA'ITY "ETHODS
3.3.3. HAULAGE OF ORE
The slusher method of excav~tion in
block cave mines covers a production 3.3.3.1. HOISTING
draw ranQinQ from 100 to 450 t per
worker-shift with an averaae used in the ~he costs associated with hoisting ar~
curves of 200 t per worker-shift. The based on tId of material hoisted a given
precedinQ section (3.3.2.6.1.) presented distance expressed in m. The curve is
costs for typical LHO excavation applicable to sublevel as well as
methods. ~urface hOistioq. Costs includp all
personnel directly conn~cted with
The averaQe labor cost is $8.52 per hoisting.
worker-hour with slusher operators at
$8.29 and hangup persons at S8.76. The average labor cost is $8.23 per
worker-hour with hoist men at $8.14. skip
Supplies consist of explosives (used for tenders S8.34. cagers $1.88 and oilers
secondary blasting) 837., power 12~ and $1.53.
miscellan~ous items 51..
Supplies ccnsist of power 50~ and steel
Fquipment operation consists of repair related items, such as rope and
parts 90~ and lubrication 10 ... materials for cage repairs, 50~.
For straight gravity ca~ing. apply the Fquipment cperation consists of repair
followinQ factors to the curve values: parts 91% and lubrication 9%.
Delete equirment operation costs. For friction hoisting. reduce supplies
Reduce the labor values 10%. 25r..

26
10,011 1",'00

/~

1,001
",'" '" 10,000 V
'" -- -'"
--
--- /'" ,
.... -- .... V
V
3 -';!'!f! ~- ./ V
E 100 -- -- - ,.."
",'"
.......... ~ 1,000
L V
.: "!f"~'" t..,.. \a;, J - r- 0"
~ ......
8 ... I k"~"" •r / .'"
V
V
..S.
1/ n\l\!,.
; ... /
~~~
,,'"~ ",'"
",'"
,'" ....... /
-:,...
"
...'"
10 lOa
v -'" 0+,,-
...... ,/ .;:"."
'L • "."(X)·· 17.
", ••.•"CX),·," ,/ fI"
"'~'"
~+
'I ••• 1710)··\72
~~ ...
1 .... .1 X.! lO ........ )/ toeS: '"
;.'
10
10 100 1#'" 11.1.1
-'" 'L • J.,u(X)·· 197
METRIC TON METER PER DAY X 10'

1.-.......
'" '5 = 0.671(X)0.117
' I :::r 0.112(X)0.799
3.3.3.1. HOISTING
,/ 20 ~ X ~ 100.000

I
3.3.3.2. RAIL HAULAGE 10 100 1,010 10,000 100,000
METRI C TON KJ LOHETERS PER DAY
~hp costs associated with rail haulao~
are based O~ tId of ~aterial hauled a 3.3.3.2. RAIL HAULAGE
9iv~n distance expressed in km. The
curve is applicable to main line as well 3.3.3.3. CONVEYOR HAULAGE
as spur line haulage and is based on
batt~ry locomotive operation. Thp. use cf conveyors is much more
prevalent in the softer nonmetallic
The average labor cost is $7.52 per mines than in the hard rock mines, and
worker-hour with motormen at $7.88 and their us~ is generally associated with
swampers at $7.16. room and pillar operations. The costs
associated with conveyor haulage are
Supplies consist of miscellaneous items hased on the tid of material conveyed a
90~, steel it~ms 6% and power 4X. giVen distance expressed in km. The
curves are applicable to conveyor
Equipment operation consists of repair systems of any length so long as the
parts 91~ and lubrication 9~. product (in t-km/d) does not exceed the
curve limits.
If trolley locomotives are to be used,
reduce ~quipment operation 10%. Conveyor operation consists of
maintenance labor, power, repair parts
If diesel locomotives are to be used, an~ lube. Conveyor costs are based on
equipment operation cost should be conveyors rangin9 in width from 760 to
increased 1.8 times. Total supplies 1,829 mm having lengths of ~O to 1,000
cost should be reduced 3% due to reduced m.
power requirements.
The supply curve consists of electric
Equipment operation With. diesel pover only.
locomotives consists of repair parts 461-
and fuel and lube 54%. Equipment operation consists of repair
parts 95~ and lubrication 5~.

Factors to be multipliev by the curve

values for inclines other than
horizontal are as follows:

27
 Labor Factor, The labor curve is based on a cost of
F = 1+0. 0 II 17 ( R ) $7.97 per worker-hour for drivers of
Qreater than 20 US ton trucks. For
Supplies Factor, drivers of 20 US ton or slaller trucks,
F = 1+0.3750(R} a cost of $7.65 per Worker-hour may be
used to adjust the labor curve.
Fquip~~nt Orerating Factor,
F :: 1+0.091HR) ~guipment cperation consists of repair
parts 297.. fuel and lube 32" and' tires
Where: 39o.t.
F :: Factor
F = Conveyor incline in degrees ~he curves are valid for orades froa
level to 2~. To determine daily costs
In th~ case of a decline conveyor, use for Qrades Qreater than 2~. multiply the
the horizontal costs without adjustment. costs obtained from the curve by the
followinq factors:
I ....
1--. Laber Factor.
F = O.98(GP·S30

Eguipmp-nt Operation Factor,

F = O.9B(G)S.620

lot .,-
~
iF
~here:
F = Factor
lL G = Grade. defined as 1.0±C"grade/100l
/' /
~~ a., •••

I' /
./
V
f7
.,-1

/ ,,,/
",

:/
"
,,/
V
r• ""~ ,,'
if" ,,'"

.: /V ~+'" ~
1,,1 .,
~...
«~ . ,;,
cI'.
8 V t.~ ,,~,
;to'" 'L'
,;to?,
v
'-
/' k~".,

.," '."'" ,,'

/ "L. a.n,cx)··'·l ",/"
V "5.
'I. •
t.IU(K)··'··
l.t",(x)··7)1
i
I ..

,
"'~
~,.

,
I".! • .! II,,'" r ","
0.10
It. 1.008 I ..... 1 ......
.: / "
.,.,,,"""
METR I C TON U LOIIETERS PEl DAY
§ .1'';'
0;,,'"
","
3.3.3.3. CONVEYOR HAULAGE I.
,
3.3.3.4. TRUCr HIULAGE ,," 'L ••• 2n<x)1 •• -
The costs associated with truck haulage //" 's = •.• 10eK)I.1
are hased on tid of material hauled a 'I! • '.SUO)··1)1t -
given distance expressed in km. The "",,,,,,, tol ~ X ~ to.I"

curves are applicable to any haul len9th I

lO. I .... 1. . . . . 1. . . . . .
so long as the product (in t-km/d) does METRIC TON KILOMETERS PER DAY
not exceed the curve limits.
3.3.3.4. TRUCK HAULAGE
The supplies and equipment operation
curves are not dependent on truck size.
The labor curve, however, is dependent
on the labor cost selected.

28
 3.3.3.5. tOAD-BAUt-DU!P HAUtAGE 3.3.'. CEIlBlt OPERATIOIS
The costs associated with load-haul-dump 3.3.'.1. CIIERlt ITERS -
(tHD) haulage are based on tId of COBIUIICATIOIS, SIIITATIOI,
material hauled a given distance BOUSIKIEPIIG, FIRE PROTICTIOI liD
expressed in k.. The curve is ELECTRICAL
applicable to anr haul length so long as
the product (in t-k./d) does not exceed This item is intended to cover those
the curve limits. None of the curves work tasks not directly attributable to
are dependent on the size of unit being a specific mine operation. Included are
used. deliverr of aaterials and supplies,
maintenance of roads, service and
The labor curve is based on the cost of aaintenance of communications,
an LHD cperator at SS.17 per electrical maintenance, sanitation and
worker-hour. housekeepinq facilities, and other
miscellaneous work.
Equipment operation consists of repair
parts 43~, fuel and lube 24l and tires The average labor cost is $7.60 per
33~. worker-hour with general laborers at
$6.91. The size of the workforce
The curves are valid for grades from required viII vary from a saal1 crew of
level to 2~. To deter.ine daily costs one or two persons vorking a fractional
for orades greater than 2~, aultiplr the dar to possibly three shifts of from 50
costs obtained fro. the curve br the to 60 persons per day.
following factors:
Miscellaneous supplies are priced at
Labor Factor, SO.10/t.
F = 0.9S(G)Ie!530
The eguip~ent operation curv~ is
Equipment Operation Factor, composed of repair parts 42r., tires 12~
F =
0.98(G)1.620 and fuel and lube 46~.

Where: 11."0
F= Factor II
-f--

G= Grade, defined as 1.0±(~grade/100) I I .........

I I I II .,....; V
l'L • 1.'ll(X)I.1
II .... Ys • , •• II(X)I.I V //
I,,". ~ 'I: • ""'CX)'"
~ t- .I.!. x.! ,It 1""-
~" V
,/ ~, ........ 1.-"

~...
,,'i
'/
.•i
L
110
!/1 I,....
....
~,<i'
I
...
...

~ ,--
1....
.8
,:
....
/
~ ~~....
~; "ftI'"
o'''!!
i 1/. . V
.
«
L
~~
C7 ,,~..
'"
.....
/' I......
.... /
f-

...'
v. .
L...
"'''~~
l!- II
,.
8 .,..../
L.....~ 1/ TL • t.tU(lC)o.n,
1
1•• /;Iv Tt :I" 0.111':0 ••
TE l.tUCX)··-'"
./ ~.... Ii:

,,'/ 1// SIG.! x.! ......

II I • I 100 10 00. 10 0 .f.t

1,/'" YL • It • .,(X),·I7· METRIC rOMS "Elt DAY

Vf: • I. luex)' .1S1t

11 .!. x ~ I,'" 3.3.4.1. GENERAL ITEMS

II
11 III 1.... I .....
METRIC TON KILOMETERS PER DAY 3.3.4.2. YEITILATIOI SISTE"
3.3.3.5. LOAD-HAUL-DUMP HAULAGE Mine ventilatinq syste~s vary qreatly
Bnd are dependent upon the size and

29
shape of the ore body, the system of 11....
mining, depth of operations, workforce
requirements and type of equipment to be
used under9round. As a result of the
many variables encountered, there is no
standard or ideal system of mine I ....
'I
ventilation. ./
/
Ventilation require.ents mBY range from /
1 to 6 m3 /min of air per t of material i
mined depending upon the factors set or
r ",'~ ,. k'
forth above, as well as the MESA (now III .,.;s~q
./
~SHA) ventilation regulations. The ,: ~. ,.
V '"
8 ,.
curves shown are based on m3 /min of
venilation air at a total pressure of 6" ,~~
~~~-'" ~~~
W.~. (15.24 em). The user must .,a." ,. /'
determine what quantity of air is II V ~,.

./
required for the type of mining TL = O.02S(X)O.67S
/ ",'
TS • o.OI7(X)l.l
operation selected and the total ",,'
~'
pressure to be expected. Since, for a ,,- 'E = 0.0100),·111

15 • .! x .! 110,000
given volume of air the total pressure V
will affect the horsepower requirements, J/
an adjustment must be made to the supply 101 K $I." 1,000 10,000
CUBIC METERS PER MINUTE
100,000 1,000,000

curve for pressure variances.

Therefore, for changes in total pressure 3.3.4.2. VPNTILATION SYSTEM
the following a~ount must be added to or
subtracted from the supply curve: 3.3.'.3. COftPRESSED AIR PLART
Dollar Amount =~ 4.33x10- 3 (Q)(DeltaP) The following factors will assist the
user in determining quantities of
Where: compressed air necessary to maintain ore
Q = Air Volume in m3 /min production and development work. The
DeltaP = TotAl Pressure in inches minus curves are based on total compressor
6" capacity includin9 line losses, leaks
and drilling diversity factor for a
This ~urVe covers only the operation of plant installed at an elevation of 1,600
the main ventilation and exhaust m. The user must apply applicable
systems. ~he smaller mine fans in the correction factors to the volumetric
drifts, stopes, etc., are included in compressor capacity.
the particular mine operation.
For shrink, cut and fill, underhand and
The only laLar involved is for repair flat vein stope mining, air requirements
and maintenance and is based on the cost range from 0.165 to 0.265 m3/min per t
of mechanicF at $8.02 per worker-hour~ per shift and average 0.20 m3/ min
installed capacity per t mined per
The ~upply cu~ve is for fan operation shift •
with electriC po~er composing 95~ and
miscellaneous costs Sr.. For room and pillar mining, air
requirement£ range from 0.02 to 0.15
Equipment operation consists of repair mJ/min per t per shift and average 0.085
part~ 71~ and lube 291. m3/min installed capacity per t mined
per shift.

For longhole drilling and sublevel and

~lock caVE mining, air requirements
range from 0.05 to 0.093 m3 /min per t
per shift and average 0.07 m3 /min
installed capaCity per t mined per
shi ft.

For open stope mining, air requirements

range from 0.17 to 0.26 m3 /min per t per

30
shift and average 0.20 m3 /min installed mine's water reqUirements are at least
capacity per t mined per shift. partially met by the availability of
subsurface drainaQe. Should this be the
The labor curve is based on the cost of case, an appropriate reduction can be
compressor operators at $7.65 per made from the curve values.
worker-hour.
I,DlD
$I OlD
The supply curve consiFts of electric
power only. /
Fqulpment cperation consists of repair
1/
parts 73~ and lubrication 27~. II
101

11,000
/
i ~v"
,.,y
.,.." ..'!-
10

...
0
'
/ -
,/ u

1,000 '" /
i V
...• ,.,"
",'
.. .. ~v".?1
.:;~",'"
-~-
",'" /
S
L~-
",'" I.~~t-
---
-'" Vs • o.ouex)l.O

100
- o~I
'" 0.10
20 .:! x ~ 61,000

~""
10 1 0 I, 00 10,000 100,'10

o~~'" METRI C TONS PER DAY

'" /I-.~"" 'L • U.9](X)··2I2

-
~q"
-'" ,.,'t'" '5 • 0.1"(X)1.0 3.3.4.4. WATER SUPPLY SYSTE~
YE • a,'39(X)o •• Ol -
~'" n.! x.! 2,,000 3.3.'.5. DBAINAGE AID DISPOSAL SISTER
10
".
10
'" 100 1,000 10 ,DO
The drainage and disposal system curves
CUBIC METERS PER MINUTE INSTALLED CAPACITY
give the daily cost associated with
pumpinq and disposinq of a qiven
3.3.4.3. COMPRF.SSED AIR PLANT quantity of water aqainst a specific
head. The user must determine the
3.3.4.4. VATER SUPPLY SISTER Quantity of water to be handled and the
associated head loss including friction,
The vater supply system curve includes elevation and minor losses. The product
costs for furnishing of vater for of these values. expressed in m-m 3 /d,
orills. dust and fume suppression, will enable a determination of daily
cleanup and fire control. The cost.
components of this curve are: purchased
water 75%, miscellaneous supplies 151., The labor curve is based on a cost of
and equipment operation 10%. For $8.65 per worker-hour.
factoring of equipment operation, see
Section 2.8. <Cost Indexes), Index No. Suppl.ies consist of electric power 90%
3, Equipment. and miscellaneous items 10~.
The quantity of water required for Fguipment operation consists of repair
underqround mines (measured in m3 /d) has parts 85~ and lubrication 15~.
been estimated as the tId mined
multiplied by 0.135. While this
quantity will not cover all types of
mining operations, it provides a basis
for factoring from the curve once a
definite amount has been determined.
The user should be aware that often a

31
 • .. ,.S~ Cost per day = ~,090(.3)+(.7)(.6)J =
/ $6,545
/
-,V Note that from an economic standpoint

/'
..../'" the lover limit is $150 per day (for 10
persons) and the limit above a dally

.0• L. . V' workforce of 1,800 persons is equivalent

to $8.50 per person per day. If the
,.... .... "'.
",'
/.
camp is to be operated on a seasonal
. ;, ~
'" basis due to inclement weather, increase
~.

/'
." ./ the cost by 25%.
"'.... ......... .....'"
.,./ '"
10-.....
"',00 0
....~I-.",~
/~
i V/ V.... dI~"'/
• 1_.. +'\ ....
.,-
r 'I .... ..o.~'i...
,-II> ....

/ .....
/
......
.... '
/
....
......../
.........
~
......
10,000
/
........ ...-
......... ........
.........
.r ,<:./
~
....
IL' ,:
YL • 1. 15K1. -5 ex)I.'
TS -= 1.25XlO- 'X)1.0
If
- §
1,000
;'
V
Yr • ,.nX1O-'ex)1 •• - ...- CAMP OP'I!ItATION DAILY COST

101,000 ! X ! 10,000,000 ...... '5 • 11. )I(X)····l

1.1'
1 0 1, 00 10 , 0 0 / 1. ~ x .!. 1,100

METER - CUBIC METERS PER DAY X 10 3 / ", ••. sex)'··

V 1, ... .! x.! &,10'

3.3.4.5. DrAINAGE AND DISPOSAL SYSTEM 100

I I I I I I
10 110 1,DOO 10,000
TOTAL DAILY MANPOWER
3.3.4.6. CA"P OPERATION
Where conditions such as a remote 3.3.4.6. CAMP OPERATION
location or seasonal operation require
that camp housing (i.e. room and board) 3.3.4.7. LONG DISTANCE tRANSPORtAtION
be made available to mine workers. the
daily ~ost obtained from the curve 3.3.4.7.1. RAIL TRANSPORTATION
should ~e used. The user must determine
the aver~ge daily workforce using the The following table Qives the cost in
camp in the overall oper~tion under '/t-km to ship materials by rail in
various sections of the United States
consideration.
based on a 100 km haul and Denver rates
This is a daily operational cost and is in July 1975. To adjust this cost for
any haul lenQth, multiply by the factor
in addition to townsite capital cost.
Section ij.3.3. Of the daily cost obtained from the following equation:
oht~ined from the curve. 30r. is for
housing and 70~ for food and mess Factor = 5.361(dist.,km.)-O.36.6
facilities. The following example Area Factor

-
serves to illustrate the use of this
Matarial to Denve, Mtn-Pac. Westem S. Western Southern Offlci8l
curve. be shipped Rate Factor Factor Factor Factor

Miner.lore 1.1185 1,0 1,4 1.3 1.1 1.1

Assume an underground min~ operati~n Iron ore 1.896 1.0 1.4 .7 ,I 1.1
Copper or. 1.046 1.0 NA 2.3 NA 1.0
requires an averaqe d~ily workforce of Lead-,Inc ore 3.170 1.0 1.1 1.1 .B 1.2
1.000 persons. Enter the curve with Bauxite
Metallic ore.
2.253
3.210
1,0
1,0
1.2
NA
1.B
1.4
1.0
.7 '".,
1,000 ~ersons and determine ~ daily cost Nonmetallic ore. 2.356 1.0 1.0 .7 .8 1.1
Ruxing flmeatone 2.643 1.0 NA .6 1.6 1.3
of $9,090. If 60~ of the workforce
require room and board and 40~ require
Ceramic or clay
Phosphate rock
Rock salt
3.021
1.112
2.954
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
NA
.9
1.2
NA
.4
1.0
1.5
.6
..
1.8

.8
only room (i.e. units have ~itchens). NA Not available

then: The following hlap Indicates the designated factor areas

32
 To adjust values for competitive haul
areas use a factor of 0.68; to adjust
for nonmountainous areas use a factor of
0.95J and, to adjust for loads of 23 t
or more use a factor of 0.95.

Example:

For a Class 35 haul of 15 kill in 8

competitive area with a load of 25 t:
Factor =14.41(15)-0.682 =
2.273
Rate: 14.76xO.68xO.95x2.273 =
21.67 t/t-Iun.
Total Cost =21.67x25x15/100 = $81.26

3.3.4.7.3. YATER TRAISPORTATIOI

Example:
Barge shipment is significantly affected
To estimate the cost per t-km for moving by the folleving variables:
800 t of iron ore 200 km through the
Official area: Access to a commercial waterway at both
1.896 shipping and receiving points, duration
Equation) of shipping season, adequacy of dockage
and facilities for transfer of cargo.
Rate = 1.896x1.6xO.78 = 2.366 t/t-km.
and tonnage to be moved by waterway.
Total Cost ~ 2.366x800x200/100 = S3,786 The major cost variables are:
The data and classifications used for Amount of cargo to be moved (size of
rail transport.ation are based on U. s. tow). covered or open hatches, special
Department of Transportation, Federal or standard holds, and the possibility
Railroad Administration, "Carload of barge carrying carqo on back haul
Waybill Statistics, Territorial instead of making return trip in
Distribution, Traffic and Revenue by ballast.
Commodity Classes."
Typical rat~ is SO.006/t-km and if cargo
3.3.'.7.2. TRUCK TRANSPORTATION is available for return trip reduce cost
by 407..
The followinq gives the rates per t-klll
for contract truck transrortation in 3.3.4.7.'. PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION
mountainous areas. Three classes have
been designated to cover the value of Pipeline costs are appreciably affected
various mat~rials to be shipped: by vertical alinement (i.e. number of
lifts or rumping stations required and
Class 35 less than SO.BS/kg type of material). Typical rates for
Class 50 fro~ SO.88/kq to S2.20/kq well lubricated nonviscous materials
Class 70 ryreater than $2.20/k.o a.re:
The noncompetitive 50 kill haul rates Few lifts - $0.004/t-km
tased on Denver in July 1975 are: Several - SO.008/t-klll
Class 35 14.16 '/t-km 3.4. OIDERGROUID RIlING -
Class 50 17.61 Ot-k.m ADRIIISTRATIYE COSTS
Class 70 20.84 f!/t-km
3.'.1. GENERAL EXPEISE
~o ~djust these rates for other haul
distances where X = distance in km: 3.4.1.1. ADRIIISTRATIYE SALARIES AND
VAGES
Th~ Qenerel expense curve for
Class 50 F = 15.R9(X)-O.707 underground mlnino administrative
salaries and waqes is intended to cover
Class 70 F = 16.08(X)-O.710

33
the supervision and various other 3.4.1.3. AD"IIISTRATIVE EQUIP"!NT
administrative functions required for OPERATION
underground mines of varying sizes. The
number of administrative (salarie~) This curve includes ad~inistrative
employees varies from 3 to 4 persons equipment operation expensp for vehicles
working a single shift in the smaller such as se1ans, pickups and flatbed
~ines to as many as 80 or more in tbe trucks. The approximate curve
larger (8,000 US tons and up) mines. components are: tires 2X, repair parts
40~, fuel and lube 37r.. and repair labor
~he breakdcwn of personnel into various 21~ assuminQ the equipment is used 50~
classifications together with th£ of its available time.
average percentage of cost attr ibutable
to each is as follows: u,ooo
I
Classification Percent ./
I!
.....t.':,?
!
,
Supervision 50 t'I'.,~ ","
Clerical
Engineering 29
5
1,000
~\~
¥f
~'t-\"'" ",'" '"
Assaying & ~etallurgical ",. .""J'
7
«"....
t.'"
4 ~\~ I I '. ~c.+...,,,,.
Purchasing t Warehousing
Safety & Fir~t Aid 3 1.1. \~~~\I",
..,.... ~.t"--"
Security 2
[....0- j... J.~..;~ ",~),
,..."\\
...
100 .... o~t.'"
",.

~elected ~edian monthly salaries are as i ..,....'!.:-

follows: •f ",'" t.Q.\1
\ .....f-~"-
~..
:;,.'

~\"t"''''
'" '"
.,,,-,,",,, _.
Mine Superintendent $2,300 ",'" ~\

Gen~ral Mine Foreman 1,550 i '" ....

.., t-Sl't.'-
Mine Shift Foss 1.200
U II
.., .......
'\."

~eneral Maintenance Foreman 1,500 ... , .... 1.1. YL:: 12.121(X)D.600

' .... 1.2. Ys ~ 1.,lt7(X)a.69S

Chief Electrician
Chief En';Jineer
1,800
2,200
............. J .... 1. J. YE = D. 3nCX)" 515
20 .! x .i 60,000
Geologist 1.400
Chief Accountant 1,900 I
10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
Safety Director 1.600 METRIC TONS PER DAY
Director of Purchases 1,850
3.4.1. GENERAL EXPENSE
NOTE:
The above monthly salaries do not
include an allowance for burden. If
these personnel are covered by the same
fringe benefits as the mine workers add
35~ to the ~dministrative Salaries and
Wages curve. However, if they are not
covered, add only 2~~.

3.4.1.2. IDRIIISTRITIYE PURCHASES

The curve fer administrative purchases
covers office. engineering, safety and
first aid sllPplies, and ~penses such as
telephone, telegraph and postaQe. travel
and entertainment, miscellaneous fees,
dues and donations and professional and
computt"r services when applicable. Also
included are small tool and supply
allowances assumed at 7% of the direct
mine labor.

The curve is apportioned 351, to

administrative purchases and 657. to
sroall tools and supplies.

34
,. RINE CAPITAL COST ESTIRATIOR
costs for the various exploration
4.1. EXPLOBATIOR ARD ACCESS BOADS methods are given in a following table.
It is estimated that a regional
4.1.1. EXPLORATION appraisal will cost approxl~atelJ $q per
km 2 •
Fxploration can b~ defined as all the
activities and evaluations performed in ~tage 2 Detailed Reconnaissance of
order to locate and define mineral Favorable Areas
deposits for the purpose of extraction
now or in the future. Pesults of the regional appraisal might
indicate that within the 2,600 to
Exploration covers a wide r~noe of 260,000 km 2 regions, there are favorable
activities from an individual prospector areas ranging from 26 to 260 km2 which
searching for mineral outcrops to the would warrant further detailed
use of sophisticated equipment in ground investigation. The detailed
or airborne surveys attempting to detect reconnaissance would include geologic,
hidden mineral deposits followed by geochemical, and airborne and ground
extensive sampling and 10Qging of geophysical surveys in more detail than
excavations or drilling programs. For was used in Stage 1. Methods or
escalation, use F.NR Construction Labor techniques used in this stage would
Index, Item 2 in Section 2.8. probably include photo-geologic study,
aerial examination, outcrop examination,
In organized exploration pro~ram geologic mapping, boulder tracking,
consists of the four following principal stream sediment sampling, water
stages: sampling, rock sampling, aeromagnetic
surveys, airborne electromagnetic
Stage 1 Regional Appraisal. surveys, radiometric surveys, and other
Stage 2 Detailed Reconnaissance of remote sensing. Ground surveys would
Favorable Areas. also be made and would include gravity,
Stage 3 Detailed Surface Appraisal of magnetic, radiometric, seismic,
Target Areas. resistiVity, self potential and induced
Stage 4 Detailed Three-Dimensional polarization studies. Estimated unit
Sampling and Preliminary Evaluation. costs for the various exploration
methods arc given in a following table.
It has been noted that exploration It is ~stiwated that the cost of 8
programs startinq with regions ranging detailed reconnaissance survey would
from 2,600 to 260,000 km2 being reduced range from ~1,400 to $3,900 per km 2 •
to an ore body of approximately 1 km 2
have cost $190,000 to $2,700,000. Costs Stage 3 Detailed Surface Appraisal of
are dep£ndent on location, Target Areas
accessibility, qround cover, terrain,
weather and geologic complexity. If the results of the detailed
reconnaissance are favorable, they may
Stage 1 Regional Appraisal indicate areas ranging in size from 3 to
130 km~ where more detailed
A regional appraisal might cover an area inve~tigaticn is warranted. This stage
of 2,600 to more than 260,000 km 2 and of investigation would include all of
would consist of a compilation and the ground survey techniques or methods
geologic study of all available data of that were used in Stage 2, but with more
importance to the area such as geologic refinement, closer intervals and greater
information, geologic maps, aerial detail. The methods or techniques used
~hotographs, etc. In addition, the miQht include additional outcrop
appr~isal might include one or all of examination, geologic mapping, boulder
the following: an aerial examination, tracking, reck and specialized sampling,
field inspection, outcrop examination, and possibly assaying. In addition, the
qeoloqic mapping and investigation, various ground geophysical studies
stream sediment sampling, water including gravity, magnetic,
sampling, reck sampling. The appraisal radiometric. seiSMic, resistivity, self
also might include a limited airborne potential, and induced polarization
geophysical survey including remote would be made. Possibly this stage
sensing and possibly some ground would also warrant some trench
geophysical studies. The esti.ated unit excavation and drillino plus field Bod

35
laboratory tests. Unit costs for the 4.1.2. ICCESS BOADS
various techniques or methods are given
in a followino table. The estiaated
cost of this stage of exploration would
range fro. S9,700 to $29,000 per k.~. The curves for clearing for access roads
yield the cost per k. for roads varyino
Stage 4 Detailed Three-Dimensional in width fro. 3 • to 30 a. The curves
Sampling and Preliminary EValuation are based on estimated costs for
clearing medium qrowth on terrain with a
A detailed three-d1.ensional surveyor side slope of 251.. "edium growth varies
sampling of a target area ranging in froa heavy brush to one tree, 0.33 a in
size from 1 to 25 km2 or more would be diameter, per 40 m2.
made 1f it appeared that an economical
ore body existed. The sampling or For light cl~arin9, consisting mainly of
survey would be made to determine brush and small trees, the costs should
boundaries cr limits and depth, size, b~ reduced by 75~ of the base curve
shape, mineralization and grade. This values. For heavy clearing, defined as
stage of exploration would probably a dense growth of trees exceeding 0.33 •
include an extensive drilling program in diameter. the costs should be
together with borehole logging and increased by 75~ to 100~ of the base
geologic mapping. Excavation of test curve.
trenches, shafts and adits might also be
included. ~amples would be taken, field On terrain where the side slopes are
and laboratory tests would be conducted, Qenerally level, the costs can be
and assays would be qade to permit reduced by 20~ fro. the base curve. The
economic evaluations. The cost of the costs for clearing on 50~ side slopes
stage 4 exploration could vary greatly should be increased by 80~ to 1COl of
depending on location, accessibility, the bas~ curve. On steep slopes in the
~round cover, type of deposit. and the range of 100~, the clearing costs viII
pxtent of a drilling or excavation increase in the range of 200~ to 300r. of
prog~am. Pnit costs for various the base curve.
techniques cr methods are given in a
following table. The av~rage labor cost for a typical
clearing crew is $7.91 per worker-hour
with a common laborer at $7.21 and dOzer
operator at $9.56. Of the labor cost
shown, 10~ is for equipment repair labor
and the remaining 90% for the clearing
crew. Of the clearing crew cost. 55~ for
common laborers and 45~ for equipment
operators.

Equipment cperation costs are 73~ for

dozers and wheel loaders and the
remaining 27~ for trucks. pickups, etc.
The combined dozer and wheel loader
costs can he divided into 13~ for tires.
57~ for repair parts, and 30~ for fuel
and lubrication. Costs for trucks,
pickups, etc., are made UP of 4~ for
tires, 33~ for repair parts and 63% for
fuel and lute.

Supplies have not been consider~d in the

access roads clearin9 costs. It 1s
assumed that brush or timber would be
buried under the excavation waste: thus
no fuel oil is required for burning.

Where it 1s necessa~y to purchase

equipment or have a subcontractor
rerform the work, multiply the equip.ent
operation value by the followino

36

DESCB!PrIO.
iIQLQil~AL aEXKQAi
SUBFACE GEOLOGICAL IIAPPIIG
CEOLOGICAL IIFEBEICE
ilWIma.LUtIlllU
CIA'ITATIOIAL SOI'EY
IAGllfIC SOIYEY
4.1.1. EXPLORATION
IIA1POWE! IIAIHOORS PER OIIT OIIT COST IEIIAlXS
2-_ BEl 3-12 I SQ. XB. ._0 - .,50 I SQ. XI. RUE or PlODOCTIOI liD COS~ IS
DEPIIDEIT 01 TIIIAI •• CIOVID CO'II.
CORPLE!ITY or GIOLOGY. DIT1IL
REQOIRED AID SCALE or IIAPPIIC •
• ,50 - '_00 I DAY A QUALIFIID GEOLOGIST IITEIPIETS
DATA SHOVI O. lAPS. PHOTOGIIPHS 01
FIILD I.VISTIGATIOIS.
1 GIOPHISICIST
2-'
CREW
U. SUIYEI 12-50 I PIorILI XB • • 200 -'.600 I PIorILI XI. PIODUCTIOI VAlliS rlOI I FIW TO 50
IEADI.CS PII DAY DIPIIDI.C 01 TIPI
OF EQUIPB •• T. PIOOUCTIOI IS ALSO
DIPIIDIIT 01 STITIOI SPICII; liD
TEIIAII. SUI'EYI.G IS THI COSTLY
PHASE OF THE SOI'EY.

~
AIIIOIiE 1-' IIEI .,0 - .30 I PBorILI XI. BACKETIC. ILECTIOBIGII~IC liD
IADIOACTI'ITY SUIVEYS. ITC., 111
USUALLI TAXII COICUlal.TLI rlOI Oil
AIICIAFT AT _00 TO aoo LIII XB. PII
DAY. PIODUCTIOI AIO COS~ DEPIIOIIT
O. THE TIPE OF IIICIlrT IQUIPNIIT
ETC.
GIOOIO 2-3 lEI ,-e I PIOFILE XI. .eo - "00 I PIOFILE XB. PIODUCTION IS DEPEIDEIT 01
PIECISIOI AID SPACIIG OF 111DIIGS,
TIPE OF IQUIPB'IT, VEITHII, TIIIIII
AID BODE OF TIAVEL.
SEIsnc SUIYEY
0-150 BETElS D'PTH 2-7 lEI 1-_ I DEPTH DET. .20 - .60 I DEPTH DET. PORTAILE EQUIPIEIT VITH 5 TO 15
DEPTH DETEIBIIATIOIS PII DAY.
O'EI 150 BETER DEPTH 15-20 BEl 5-10 I DEPTH DET. .,00 - "50 I DEPTH DET. VIIIOSEIS EQUIPBEIT VITH 3 TO 15
DEPTH DETEIIIIIATIOIS PEl DAY.
IADIOACTIVITY SOIVEY
AlIIOIBE .,0 - .30 I LIIE XB. OSUALLY TAXEI CO.CUIIEITLY VITH
IIACNETIC AND ELECTIO!ACIITIC
SURVEYS FRO! DIE AIICIAFT AT
400-800 LINE XB. FER DAY.
PRODOCTION AND COST AlE DIPEIDEIT
ON THE TYPE OF AIRCRAFT AND
EQUIPK!NT, ETC.
 4.1.1. EXPLORATION
DESCRIPTIOII IIUPOWER IIANHOURS PER UNIT UNIT COST RE!ARXS
GROUID 1 IIAN 1-2 I LINE XII. $10 - $20 I LIIE '". DEPEIDENT ON TERRAIII AND GROUIID 1'0
BE COVERED. SURVEY IS RUN AS FAST
AS TERRAIN CAN BE COVERED.
RESISTIVITY SURVEY 1 GEOPHYSICIST

1-4 ASSISTANTS 2-3 I DEPTH DET. $30 - $60 I DEPTH DET.

ELECTBO!AGIETIC SURVEY
UnOUE $;0 - $30 I LIIIE X!. USUALLY rAXEI CONCURREIITLY VITH
IIAGIIETIC AID RADIOACTIVITY SUBVEYS
FRO! ONE AIRCRAFT AT 400 LINE XII.
OB 80 SQUARE XII. PER DAY.
GROUID 1-4 liEN 1-6 I LIIIE X!. $50 - $100 I LIIIE X!. BEADIIIGS ARE TAXEII AT 25 TO 50
!ETER INrERVALS COVERIIIG 5 TO 10
X!. PER DAI AIID ARE DEPEIIDEIIT 011
rIPE OF EQUIP!ENT, TERRAIII 1110 II0DE
OF TRAVEL.
INDUCED POLARIZATION SUBVEY $20 - $40 I SQ. XII.
~ AEBIAL PHOTOGBAPHY
sncx UD WHITE
PHOTOGBAPHY $20 - $40 I SQ. XII. PHOTOGRAPHS COVER 40 SQUIBE XII.
EACH AT 1:6000. IIANY AREAS ABE
ALREADY PHOTOGRAPHED. FLYING
lCCOUNTS FOR 15-30~ AIID GROUIID VOBX
FOR 70-85~ OF SUBVEY COST.
PHOTOGEOLOGIC INTERPRETATIOI $1,500 - $2,500 I PRINT
COLOR
PHOrOGBAPHY $40 - $60 I SQ. XII. PHOrOGRAPHS COVER 40 SQUIRE XII.
EACH AT 1:6000. FLYING ACCOUIITS
FOR 15-30% AIID GROUND WORX FOR
70-85~ OF SURVEY COST.

PHOTOGEOLOGIC INTEBPRETATION $1,500 - $2,500 I PRIIIT

INFRARED
COLOB OB BLACX AND WHITE $40 - $60 / SQ. KII. PHOTOGRAPHS COVER 40 SQUABE XII.
EACH.
THER!AL INFRARED I!AGE2Y $100 - $300 I SQ. XII. IIIAGE COVEP.S 40 SQUARE X!. ABEA.
AERIAL BADAB IIIAGERY
SIDE LOOKIIIG RADAR (SLAR) $2 - $4 / SQ. KII. USED FOR 13,000 OR II0RE SQUABE X!.

DESCBIPTION
SATELLITE SURVEY
OTHER REftOTE SENSING RETHODS
GEOCHEftICAL ftETHOD§
STEAft SEDIftERT SAftPLING
RECORNAISAICE SOIL SAIIPLIIG
DETAILED SOIL SAlfPLIIG
HUIlUS SABPLIIG
fg BIOLOGICAL SAftPLIRG
WATER SAlfPLES
IUULLU!¥ _I1U.ll2RS
CORE DRILLING
EARTH
SOFT ROCK NI 3- HOLE
HARD ROCK NI 3- HOLE
CHURR DRILL 6- HOLE
PERCUSSION DRILLING
AUGER
ROTARY DRILLIIG
SOFT ROCK 5- HOLE
HARD ROCK 5- HOLE
4.1.1. EXPLORATION
ftANPOWEB ftANHOURS PER UNIT UNIT COST REIIARIS
$30 - $75 I PRINT 23 I 23 Cft. PRINTS AT 26,000 SQUARE
Kft. EACH ARE AVAILABLE FROR
U.S.G.s.
REftOTE SENSING DATA ACQUISITION CAl
COVER SEVERAL HUIDRED SQUARE KII.
PER DAY. COST OF INTERPRETATIOI
REDUCTION OR INTEPRETA~OI EOUAL TO
OR GREATER THAI COST OF
ACOUISITIOI.
1 liAR $10 - $20 I SQ. Kft. DEPENDEIT 01 SAIIPLIIG IITERVAL,
TERRAIN, ACCESS AND RODE OF TRAVEL.
1 IIAN 0.05-0.20 / SAftPLE $3 - $15 / SAIIPLE
$600 - $3.000 / SO. KII. 50 TO 200 SAftPLES PER DAY DEPEIDEIT
01 ACCESS. TERRA1I. GROUND COVER
AID GEOLOGIC COIIPLEXITY.
2 IIEI 1-2 / SAIIPLE $15 - S30 / SAIIPLE
$15 - $30 I SAlfPLE
S15 - $30 / SAlfPLE
$25 - $50 I SAIIPLE
0.8-3.3 / IIETER $15 - $50 / IIETER VARIES AS TO ACCESS, QUAITIT! AID
DEPTH OF HOLES.
2 liEN 1.6-3.3 / IIETER $25 - $50 / IIETER VARIES AS TO ACCESS QUAITITY AID
DEPTH OF HOLES.
211E1 3.3-6.6 / IlETER $50 - S100 / RETER
$15 - S80./ ftETER
1-3 ftEN 0.1 / IIETER $5 - $15 / IIETER
SO.65 / DIA. CIf. / IfETER
2 !EI 0.8-2.0 / IlETER $20 - S40 / IIETER VARIES AS TO ACCESS, QUAITIT! AID
DEPTH OF HOLE.
211E1 2.0-3.3 / IfETER $40 - $65 / IIETER
 applicable factor in order to obtain the
total valup of equipment expense for
ownership and operationl

Shi fts per Day 1 2 3

..
o
Factor

If a subcontractor Is used, multiply.

1.91 1.68 1.61

labor by 1.50 and equipment expense by

1.20 to compensate for sUbcontractor's
..
III
Ie Ir.arkup.

.
C
III
lot 10,10'

,- '" ,,"
",'"
",'
'"
~o...,.'"

'" """ "'~...

./'"

,",'" '"
.... ..
cI' ",'"
~~",,,,
:\" '"

... ...
w w 0'
w W
1,'00
~, ~~
III II:
..
.. .... .. ....W
W
W
· ·
I:>
U
I:>
U
.",'"
~~
",'"
1/1 II:
.... ....
-..: ...... ....., . ...
0 0
z u
1/1 .,..
0
III III
0
~
w ...
N
...
#

I:> ..... I
a:
....... ... ...
III .,..
0 .,..
... ...
III YL II ",.S(X)··107 -
0
..J §..' T£ '= 215.It(X)··70 •

Q..
X
I&J
.....
..... .
l1li
W
l1li
W
W 100
I 10
J .! x .! Jt

100
...
III

...
I:>
III U
· ·
I:> I:>
U
4.1.2.1.
ROADIIAY WIOT" METERS

~CCESS ROADS - CLEARING

W
........
~
~

.
1/1 0

· ....·
III
4.1.2.2. EXCAYATIOI
0
.
I:>
:0:
oC
II:
N

0
I

· ·
I
N
0 The curves for excavation of access
roads yiel~ the cost per km for roads
varyinq in width from 3 m to 30 m. The
curves are based on a dozer excavation
III
W
. . operation on level terrain, side-castino
.
:II
0 lot lot
II:
frOM cuts or ditches to a 30 ca fill or
~ II:
C ....I .... to waste. The m~terial to be excavated
II: .,.. is either hlasted rock or a common type
conolomerate presentino some difficulty
in cutting and drifting. Jf the
.aterials are found to be easy cuttino
and driftinQ, the costs obtained from
III
Q
0
.
E .... .....
\II' the base curves should be reduced 25~.
Tf the material is extremely wet and
.... • ..... .
\II
II: III sticky, costs should be increased by
... ...... . ....
\II \II W
0 \II \II
0 33~.
~ ~
~
H
~
~

...
W
~
1/1
W 0
. .
\II
On terrain where there is a side slope

;
U 0 C
the costs can be determined by

.... ...
1/1 Q II: Q l1li H :0:
14
... ... ...
W ~ 0 :0: a.: aultiplying each of the curve values by
..
A W III U U
lot 0 oC oC 0
D: ~ W W the factor obtained from one of the
0 '"
III III
following equations:

40
For side slopes oreater than 0" up to II, ...
25":

Factor = (G)O.600

For side slopes oreater than 25% up to

100":

I, ... /
L /
Where:
G =
Grade, defined as 1.0t(%Qrade/100) = L..L v
W = Roadway Width in m ~
w ~~
" v.... ~'"
o~

The avera9~ labor cost for a dozer

operation is $9.48 per worker-hour with l/..(Y Y • S6.II(W,O.'1t1 -
a dozer operator at $9.56. Of the labor l

cost shown, 28~ Is for equipment repair / V 'IE = ItD,U(W'O.",

labor. The remainino 72~ is for the / ' ! W .! '0
I I I
excavation crew, of which dozer 100
I ID 100
operators comprise 50r.. ROADNAT WIDTH METERS

Equipment operation can be divided 70% 4.1.2.2. ACCESS ROADS - EXCAVATION

for crawler dozers and rippers and 30~
for rubber tired motor qraders, water 4.1.2.3. DRILL AND BLAST
trucks and pickups. The crawler dozer
and ripper costs are. 711. for repair The curves for drilling and bl~sting of
parts and 29~ for fuel and lUbe. The access roads yield the cost per km for
rub~er tirerl equipment costs include 24% roads varying in width from 3 m to 30 m.
for tires, 40~ for repair parts, and 36~ The curves are based on drilling and
for fuel and lube. hlasting a cut contnining 50~ rock. on a
251. side slcpe with a sinqle ditch.
Where it is necessary to purchase
equipment or have a subcontractor For cuts containing 100~ rock, the costs
perform the work, multiply the equipment should be increased to 1407. of the base
operation value by the followino curves.
applicable factor in order to obt~in the
total value of equipment expense for On terrain where there is no side slope
ownership and operation: but drilling and blasting ~re required
for two ditches and to provide borrow
Shifts per Day 1 2 3 for a minimum fill, use the costs 3S
Factor 1.94 1.71 1.63 shown with no adjustment.
If subcontractor is used, multiply
8 On terrain where the side slopes average
labor by 1.50 and equipment expense by 50~, costs will be 1507. of the base
1.20 to com~ensate for SUbcontractor's curves.
markup.
!.;here the side slopes avp.rage 100~,
costs will be 300ro of the base curve
costs.

The averli'Je labor cost for a percussion

drillinQ operation is $7.85 per
worl\.E'r-hour with drillers at $7.95 and
chucktenders at $7.28. Of the labor
cost shown, 7% is for equipment repair
labor.

~upply costs are in two catagorles:

powder, cars and accessorlE's, 67% and

41
drill steel, bits, etc., 33~. compacting surfacing to a depth of 0.20
m.
Equipment o~eration costs are 55% for
portable diesel compressors, 22% for The averaqe labor cost for a six person
percussion drills and 23r. for trucks. crew placing surfacing 1s $8.96 per
The compressor and drill equipment costs worker-hour with rootor grader ud roller
are 5070 for repair parts and 50r. for operators at $9.56.
fuel and lube. Truck costs are 32~ for
repair parts, 627. for fuel and lube, and ~upply costs include only Qravel
67. for tires. surfacing delivered and dumped on the
roadbed by suppliers trucks at a cost of
Where it
is necessary to purchase $3.31 per t.
~quipment cr have a subcontractor
perform the work, multiply the equipm~nt Equipment operation cost covers a motor
operation value by the following grader. rubber tired roller. water truck
applicable factor in order to obtain the and pickup. Equipment operation costs
total value of equipment expense for are 23~ for tires, 41~ for repair parts
ownership ard operation: and 361. for fuel and lube.

Shifts per Day 1 2 3 Where it is necessary to purchase

Factor 2.12 1.84 1.75 equipment cr have a subcontractor
perform the work, multiply the equipment
If a subcontractor is used, multiply operation value by the following
labor by 1.50, supplies by 1.20 and applicable factor in orrler to o~tain the
equipment expense by 1.20 to compensate total value of equipment expense for
for subcontractor's markup. ownership and operation:

100,000 Shifts per Da y 1 2 3

Factor 2.05 1.79 1.70

If a subcontractor is used, mul tiply

labor by 1.50, supplies by 1.20 and
equipment expense by 1.20 to compensate
,,,.
;
..;,..
... 0
for subcontractor's markup •
100 ,00

~ . -:.,,;~/'"
...

~;
ID,DDD
... :.,.,- '"
,....,t.),
"
...."'
~ ....
;
....:;v
"~,,
, ..... 1/
~ t.""
,,(\o"i'.".'
...
~;

....
::; ~1:" .,. ID,OO
",'
>l\',.e;
... ",
PI

.........
t.O: ..
It" '"
... YL • "'3t(X)D.
'"
Vs .. 1562(X)D.715 - .,"
Ye • I1J7CX)·· .. 9J

, .! x .1 50

.... .......
.,000
IDD
10
.:
ROADWAY WIDTH METERS
S
1 .. 00 0

4.1.2.3. ACCESS ROADS - DRILL AND BLAST .....,,0" .. '

\.~

.
4.1.2.4. GRAVEL SURFACING .. ....
~

;,I-.~
o,~
.....
.....~\~
..
Y = 181.l(X)O.663
t.o.~~~o~ L

.... ..
The curves for gravel surfacing of ~"" Ys = 1597(X)1.0

access roads yield the cost per km for Y

e ~ 6&.26(X)O.661t -
roads varying in width from 3 m to 30 m. ), ! x ~ )0

The curves are based on costs for 100

I 10 !DD
preparing a subbase. receivinq surfac1nQ ROADWAY WIDTH METERS
material delivered to the jobsite in
suppliers trucks, and spreading and 4.1.2.4. ACCESS ROADS - GRAVEL SURFACING

42
 4.2. SURFACE "IlliG - CAPITAL COSTS Where it i . necessary to purchase
equipment or have a subcontractor
4.2.1. PREPBODUCTIOI DEVELOP"EIT perform the work, multiply the equipment
operation value by the following
4.2.1.1. CLEARIIG applicable factor in order to obtain the
total v81u~ of equipment expense for
The curve for clearinq during ownership and operation:
preproduction development is based on
estimated costs for medium light growth Shi fts per Day 123
on terrain with a side slope of 20~ to Factor 1.75 1.56 1.50
50V,. ~stimate one tree, 0.33 m in
diameter. p~r 40 m2. If 8 subcontractor is used. multiply
labor by 1.50. supplies by 1.20 and
The cleariD9 rate for large scale equipment expense.by 1.20 to compensate
operations occurring during for subcontractor's markup.
pr eprod uction development is based on
the equation: 10,000

Y: 0.153(X)O.6 7 8

Where:
Y = Clearina Rate (ha/d)
X = Total Clearing Area (ha)
The above equation is valid between the
1,000 --- - --- L".O_
1-- ~- ~---
X limits of 1 to 500 ha. Above 500 ha !
u
I!
..•.
the costs are expected to remain
constant.
1--- --- - -I-. -=!I'.!.':'!.H.!..!!~f!AT!..ON
--- --- - -
For light clearing consistinq mainly of .:
§
brush and small trees. the costs should
be reduced by 75~ from those shown on
100
SUPPLIES
--- --- - - ---
the curves. For heavy clearing. costs YL • lIltex)-0.107
should be increased 75~ over those shown "s • 1I1.,(X)~O.O,.
for medium clearing. Yr = )25.)eX).. O.... ,

1 !. x !. 500

For terrain on level to 20r. side slopes, I I I

costs should be reduced by 20~ from
those shown. For terrain over 50'7. up to
100% side slope. costs should be
10
1 10
HeCTARE:S
"100 1,000

increased 70~. On rocky slopes and 4.2.1.1. CLEARING

slopes over 100% the costs should ~e
increased 2 to 3 times.
'.2.1.2. DRILL AND BLAST - OlERBUBDEN
The average labor cost for a composite
AID WASTE
clearing crew is $7.30 per worker-hour ~he curves have been developed in two
with laborers at $6.91. parts. Th~ following distribution
applies to all equipment in this
Supply costs are 65% fuel oil for
section.
hurning a no 35% for tools. cable.
chokers. etc. F.QUIPMENT OFERATING COST DISTRIBUTION
Equipment orerating costs are 751 for REPAIR FUEL TIRES
dozers and 257. for trucks. pickups and
DESCRIPTION
PARTS (. LUBF
saws. Drill Equipment 50% 507-
Trucks 32~ 62'!'1:. 6~
r.OUIPMENT OFERATING COST DISTRIBUTION

nJ:;SCRIPTION REPAIR FUEL TIRES

PARTS (. LUBE
Crawler D07.ers 70" 30f.
Othf'r equipment 33% 63% 4%

43
 I.'• I- PER~-:SLIe:. r::1~LS

--
For mines excavating fro~ 1,000 to
10,000 t/d of overburd~n and waste, the I I I
I I. 1
curves reflect costs for drilling 6 m
high benches with crawler type
percussion drills. Spacing of 2.5 inch ~~",L
-
~~ 'L • 1.7910)-1.11'
's ••.• ',ex)"·· In
' . . . . . .I(X)-1.1I7

holps is on a pattern of 1.5 m x 2 m to £OU/~ ~I-

~~E~"'"
I .... .1 x .1 1••• 01
a depth of 7 m. The powder factor is ~~1IIf 1
0.30 kg/to ! '.U
u
su pun
For mines excavatinq from 8,COO to 2 r-
I
300,000 t/d of overburden an~ vaste,
drillinq is performed with rotary drills
having a dovn pressure of from 13,600 kg
to 40,900 ~q. The powder factor varies
~
~
u '.11
""'t--- _LUoR
"'" t----~IPII!L OPE
'"t-.
I_
-
I-

from 0.11 to 0.20 kg/t with an average

I I I t-
of 0.14 kg/t of waste. Holes drilled ROTAllY DRILLS
average 12-1/4 inch diameter from 8 ~
'L . . . . .,(1)- •. 11t
range of 6 to 13-3/4 inch diameter. 's ••. I .. '(X)-I .•"
Bench heights are 12 to 18 m averaging '! • '.'7)(X)-I.II.

15 m. Drilling patterns and

" , " • .1 " .1 ".0i"j'
overdrilling range fro~ 100 to 300 t of .... 1 1
I 10 II. 1 ••••
blasted material per m of drill hole.
METRIC TONS PER OAT x It'
Secondary drilling and blasting range
from O~ to lOr. of blasted material.
4.2.1.2. DRILL AND BLAST
The curves indicate average costs for a
OVF.FBURDEN AND WASTE
widp range of ~aterials as can be noted
above by drill sizes, bit siZes, powder Equipment operating costs inclUde drills
80~ and supporting ~quip.ent 20r..
factors. and drill patterns. In
determining drilling and blasting costs
consideration must be given to material Where it is necessary to purchase
equipment or have a subcontractor
hardness. abrasiveness. natural perform the work. multiply the equipment
fractures and jointin9. and maxi~um size
fr~gments that can be loaded, hauled and
operation value by the following
applicable factor in order to obtain the
processed. Where the above conditions
total value of equipment expense for
dre unfavorable. the costs shown on the
ownership and operation:
curves can be increased up to 100~. For
favorable conditions, the costs can be
Crawler Type ~ercussion Drills:
renuced up to 40~.

The labor cost for a typical rotary Shifts per I)a y 1 2 3

Factor 2.05 1.79 1.70
drjll op~ration is based on an average
labor rate for drill and blast crew of
S8.00 p~r worker-hour including rotary Rotary Drills:
drill operators at $8.34. The labor
cost for a typical p~rcussion drill Shifts per Day 1 2 3
operation is based on an average labor Factor 3.20 2.65 2.47
rate for drill and ~last crew of $7.91
per wor~er-hour including percussion If a subcontractor is used, multiply
drill operators at S8.17. labor by 1.50, supplies by 1.20 and
equipment expense by 1.20 to compensate
The supply co~ts for both curves include for subcontractor's markup.
drill bits and steel related items at
241, of the total with the remaininQ 76~ '.2.1.3. IXC1'ITIOI, LOID liD HIOL -
for blastinq supplies. 0'IR808D11 lID VISTI
The curves show the cost per t for
excavatin9, loadin~ and hauling of both
co •• on earth and shot rock. For com.on
earth excavation, one bank ~3 equals
2.08 t~
equals
for shot rock, one bank
2.61 t. The following
.3
distribution applies to all equipment in

44
this section: equip~ent or have a subcontract~r
perform the york, multiply the equipment
EQUIPftENT OPERATING COST DISTRIBUTION opp.ration value by the followinQ
applicable factor in order to obtain the
J'lESCRIPTION REPAIR FUEL TIRES total valu£ of equipment expense for
PARTS (. LURE ownership and operation:
Electric Shovels 94~ 6'-·
Diesel ShOH-ls 84" 16~ ~hifts per !'ay 1 2 3
Dragline, Diesel 60% 40~ Factor 2.05 1.79 1.70
Rear Dump Trucks 187- 37r. 45~
Dozers, 'Rippers 70" 30%- If a subccntractor is used, multiply
Scrapers 35"1. 30r. 35~ labor by 1.50 and equipment expense by
OthE'r EquipJl!ent 33q, 32~ 35'; 1.20 to compensate for subcontractor's
markup.
* Where electric powered equipment 1s
used, supply curve 1s for electric pover Curve 4.2.1.3.2. covers mines excavating
only. from 8,000 to 300,000 tId of overburden
and waste. "'he loading units are
The curves have ~een developed in four electric shovels and diesel front-end
parts covering a variety of excavation loaders ranoing in size from 5 to 15
methods and encoapassing a range from cubic yards with an averaQe of 10 cubic
1,000 to 300,000 tId. yards. Rear dump trucks from 35 to 170
US tons arp. the main hauling units, with
Curv~ 4.2.1.3.1. covers from 1,000 to the average size of all trUCKS at 85 US
10,000 tId of overburden and wa.ste tons. The ratio of trucks to loajing
excavation and is based on mines using units averaQes 6 to 1. The curves
front-end loaders and trucks. The reflect an average haul of 2,000 m one
loaders ranee in size from 1 to 6 cubic way on an b~ grade from a pit 120 m in
yards and the trucks range from 10 to depth on wide, well maintained rOads.
35 US tons. The curves reflect an To determine costs for hauls of varyinq
average haul of 750 m one way OD an 8% length or depth of pit, ~ultiply the
grade from a pit 60 m in depth. To costs obtained from the curves by the
determine costs for hauls of varying folloving factors:
length or d€pth of pit, multiply the
costs obtained from the curves by the Labor Factor.
follo~inQ factors: F = 0.1173(R)o.030(L)o.~63
Labor Factor, Equipment Operation Factor,
F = 0.155(R)o.030(L)o.Z63 F =
O.0546(F)o.O_7(L)o.353

Equipment Operation Factor, Where:

F = O.080(R)o.O_7{L)o.353 F = Factor
R = Depth of Pit in m (- or O~ grade,
Where: F=1.0)
F = Factor L = Length cf Haul in m
R = Depth of Pit in m (- or Or. grade,
R=1.0) For a typical electric shovel and truck
L = Length cf Haul in m operation the labor cost is based on a
composite crew having an avera\1e rate of
For a typical front-end loader and truck $8.12 per worker-hour vith a shovel
operation, the labor cost is based on a operator at $8.30 and truck driver at
composite crew having an average rate of S8.05.
$8.15 per worker-hour with a loader
operator at $8.19 and truck driver at Equipment operating cost distribution
$7.65. for shovel and truck operation:
Shovels 8.51,
Equipment operating cost distribution Rear Dump Trucks 70.0~
for loader and truck operation: era wIer Dozers 11.0"
Loa.ders 15.81- Rubber Tired Support 10.5~
Rear Dump Trucks 41.8~
Cravler Dozers 22.7r. Where it is necessary to purchase
Rubber Tired Support 19.7'1. equipment or have a subcontractor
Where it is necessary to purchase perform the work, multiply the equip~ent

46
operation value by the following F.quipment Operation Factor.
applicable factor in order to obtain the F = 0.0641(1)o •• 03(G)1.620
total value of equipment expense for
ownership and operation: Where:
F ::- Factor
Shifts per ray 1 2 3 L = Length of Haul in m
Factor 2.55 2.16 2.0.3 G =Grade, defined as 1.0t(%Qrade/100)

If a subcontractor is used, multiply Production in tid is based on a material

labor by 1.50, supplies by 1.20 and havino a weight of 2.2 t/m 3 and
equipment expense by 1.20 to compensate requiring ripping. If no rippiD9 is
for subcontractor's markup. r~quired, reduce curve values by 157..

The average labor cost for a composite

I." crew is $8.24 per worker-hour with both
scraper and dozer operators at $8.24.
~
'~ Equipment operating costs are 27~ for
~~
'L • 8."oex,-0.111
"s • a.ln(Xl-a.on - rtozers, rippers and push cats and 73%
~"~~ ' ! • l.tUex)-t.ll .. for rubher-tir~d scrapers, graders,
o,,~~ 1,,000 ! X! JOo,ooo water trucks.
~il"::-"f',
0..,,, EQUIPMENT OPERATION Where it is necessary to purchase
equipment or have a subcontractor
'RONT END LLJRS
.I
t--- ~~ perform the work, multiply the equipment
AND TRUCKS ~ operation value by the followino
0.10 I I I I-- t-- applicable factor in orrler to obtain the
~ 'L • u.60eX)-·· .. U total value of equipment expense for
'I. • ... oex)-··'Ol own~rship and operation:
t- 1,'" ~ X.!. 10,,000

u !LECTRI C SHOVELS AND TRUCKS I Shifts per Day 1 2 3

2 Factor 2.05 1.79 1.70
.r
I
If
.
a subcontractor is used, multiply
SUPPLIES
labor by 1.50 and equipment expense by
1.20 to compensate for subcontractor's
. markup •

'.01
u 100 1,'"
HETRIC TONS PER DAY x 10 3

4.2.1.3.1. EXCAVATION, LOAD AND HAUL

TRUCK HAULAGE
Curve 4.2.1.3.2. covers mines excavatino
from 2,000 tId with 13 US ton
self-loadinQ scrapers to 300,000 tId
with a spread of 64 US ton twin-engine
scrapers. The curves are based on an
average level haul length of 900 m and
include a 6~ rolling resistance in the
excavation area. A change in haul
length or grade viII result in a change
in unit cost. To determine the unit
costs for varying haul lenoths and
grades, multiply the costs obtained fro.
the curves hy the following factors:

Labor Factor,
F =
0.0865(L)o.359(G)1.530

46
 1.0 0 combine equipment operation and supplies
curVeS to account for substitution of
diesel fuel for electric power. (Note:
supplies values include only electric
power. )

Wh€re it is necessary to purchas~

equipment or h~ve a subcontractor
", .~
perform the work, multiply the equipment
operation value by th~ following
' ....
-- - EQUIPi:iE~
~O..
. ,
~-
applicable factor 1n order to o~tain the
total value of equipment expense for
ownership and operation:
0.10 .,

,-
,
::.6p R~" ION -. Shifts per Day 1 2 3
'-.I, , Factor 2.55 2.16 2.03
u
:; I " If a subcontractor is used, multiply
I.. -t labor by 1.50 and equipmpnt expense by
..
L
1.20 to compe.nsate for subcontractor's
markup.
YL • ft.3DS(X)-O.JU
YE = O.299(X)-O.092 1.00

2,000 .s. X :!. )00,000

CRAII~R dRA~LINE
0.01
I I I I I
I 10 100 1,000
METRIC TONS PER DAY X 10 3

4.2.1.3.2. EXCAVATION, LOAD AND HAUL \

-~~
SCRAPERS

Curve 4.2.1.3.3. covers diesel powered "'i+.I'

dr~qlines exc.vating and casting 0,0 1\
~.pof.l''''''~
WALKING DRAGL[NE

overburden and waste material from a dry 0.10 "'Ij;

"\
--
pit into a spoil pile. The material is EQUJ.:l..NJ OJ:LTJON

assumed to weiQh 2.0 t/m 3 • The curve 1s LABOR

in two parts. From 2,000 to 15,000 tId,
crawler draalines range in size from 1.5 ClAW\.!a DlACLINI!
to 15 cubic yard capacity. Above 15,000 1.1 tu YD TO 11 CU YO
YL • •",.I(X)-0.129
tId, the curve is based on 25 cubic yard YI! •••• UCl)-O ... "
walking draglines. A dozer is provided
with each dragline for cleanup and ..
'
I .... .! x .! U.IDO
WAUIHI OIAGLiNI
support. 8 TL • '0
UftCX)-o.Uft
YI •••• 95(X)-0.020

For a typical dragline operation, the lS.OOO .i x i JOD,OOO

0.01
labor cost is based on a composite crew 1 10 I 0 1 , 00 0
having an average labor rate of $8.21 HETRIC TONS PER DAY X 10 3

per worker-hour with a dragline operator

at S8.30, oiler at S7.65 and dozer 4.2.1.3.3. F.XC~VATION
operator at $8.24. DRAGLINES

Equipment operating cost distribution 4.2.2. RINE PLANT AND BUILDINGS

for draglin€ operation:
Draglines 70.0~ In this section if a subcontractor is
Crawler dozers 28 • O~; used, multiply labor portion by 1.50,
Rubber tired support 2 .• 0"(. materials portion by 1.20 anrt equipment
operation portion by 1.20 to compensate
To determine the cost of a draQline for subcontractor's markup except 1n the
operation loading to trucks, use Curve case of Communications System.
4.2.1.3.1. (Electric Shovels and
Trucks). Adjust the values by
increasing each curve component 25K and

47
 4.2.2.1. RAILROAD COISTBUCTIOM steel 70~, and purchased equipment the
remaining 10~. The installation is
This curve covers the cost of buildinO based on a three-shift aining operation.
unballasted standard gage railroad in an
open pit mine. For mainline trackage or 1, ...
installations where ballast may be
required, increase curve value by 9~.

For unballasted trackage, distribute

cost 25~ to labor, 12~ to equipment
operation and 63~ to track materials. . V
For ballasted trackage, ~lstribute cost L
20ft to labor, 11~ to equipment operation
...
"' 1/

and 697. to track materials.

....
== l/
Where it
equipment cr
is necessary to purchase
have a subcontractor. V
perform the work, multiply the equipment ~
operation portion of thp. curve by 1.7 in
"'" ""'"
10
order to compensate for ownership or
L
subcontractor's rental of equipment.
/'
!D.OO
V
COST • IS. 51t(X)I. 1S1
/ I, ... .!. x.!. ...., ...
~ 1
/ 1 10 10. 1....

V
METRIC TONS PER DAY X IO J • TOTAL OIl! AND IIAST!

/ 4.2.2.2.1. WATER SYSTEM

1,00 V
V 4.2.2.2.2. DBAI.AGE SISTER

This curVe covers ditches, culVerts,

/ sumps and drains needed to drain the
/ surface area around the mine. It is
~ based on m-m 3 /d where the term m
'":: / represents the total pumping head.
"
~
OIl
B /
V Power supply equipment for the pumps is
included in Section 4.2.2.5. (Electrical
System).

10 0
V COST. U.SlXlO'CX)1.1
I.! X.! U Construction labor accounts for 27~,
purchased equipment 40~ and construction
1 10
KJ~OMETUS
1
• materials 33% of the cost.

The user must evaluate the mininQ

4.2.2.1. RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION situation and determine the m3 of water
to he pumped and the total pumping head.
4.2.2.2. VATER AID DRAINAGE SISTERS

4.2.2.2.1. VATER SISTE"

The cost of water supply for a surface

mine includes purchase and installation
of pumps, storage tanks, electrical
hookup, piping and distrihution to
surface buildings and a nominal amount
of extra heavy duty pipe with pressure
reducers and chec~ valves installed to
service the mine workings.

Labor accounts for 20~ of the cost,

48
I,ll'
I,'"
/
/ /
/ .,+- 1.1

~ ,,~" V
/ ..of.
/ uo
...-i",
10.
~'"
..:: ./
£. ~\~
I "¢'
~.~ I ..'i~ "

IC
V IC

,: ,/ ,: L~.\'·~
8 8
~/ ~~
/'
11

./
./
11

-- '.1.1.'. _ICATI_ "S_

COST. 1\7.1(10·· ..· '
1.... .! • .1 , ••••••

/ COST. o.tnex)O.'"
'.1.2.'. PUILI . . SYITD
COlT • n. &I ex)··'1S
10,'00 .!. X .!. 6,01','00
I I I I I I 1
:'.~. ~ x 1 '~.'... I I I
1
10 no 1,'00 lO,IO' 1 11 1. . 1 ....
METeR - CUBIC METERS PU DAY X 10' METRIC TONS PER DAY X lO', TOTAL ORr AND IIASTe

4.2.2.2.2. DRAINAGE SYSTEM 4.2.2.3. COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

4.2.2.4. FUELING SY5T["

The communications system curve is based 4.2.2.5. ELECTRICAL SISTER

on installed costs for a radio network
and surface telephone service. The This curve is based on the assumption
radio system contains mobile and base that commercial power is delivered to
units with one or more repeaters the main sUhstation at the mine.
dependinq on the size of the mine.
Telephone service costs are based on a The electrical system includes .ain
complete telephone system with substation, overhead power lines,
installation by an outside agency. The trailing cables, and portable
costs are based nn a three-shift mining substations and is for a mine using
operation. electric shovels as the primary loading
unit. The costs include purchased
For escalation, distribute 80~ of the equipment and installation. Capital
cost to purchased equipment and 20~ to electrical costs for small surface mines
labor. us1ng front-end loaders are represented
hy lower tonnage ranges of the curve.
4.2.2.4. FUELIIG SISTER
The cost ottained from the curve is
This curve is representative of the cost based on a three- shift min1ng operation
of fueling systems for diesel, gasoline, and is composed of 80r. electrical
lubricants, coolants and waste oil. It equipment and structural support and 20~
is based on one stationary fueling point installation labor.
and one or more mobile units. The cost
is composed of equipment purchases 75~
and installation 25%. Any building
required for fueling facilities is
covered in Section 4.2.2.8. (Surface
Buildings). The costs are based on a
three-shift mining operation.

49
10,'" The following distribution gives the
percentage allocation of total cost
applicable to surface mine repair shops
and warehouse facilities:
eLECTRIC SHOWL MIMU
Cost Components Shops Warehouses

1,100
[7 BuUding & Fixtures 33~ 6~
/
Erection & In stalla tion 16% 2%
V Excavation & Concrete 17% 7r.
1..... 1-' Equipment 1B~ 1,,{

/
V
u, •• o
V
100
/
'" NONELECTRI C SHOYl!L MIN!!
==
>C

Il'
""
.: "
I.......... ,,/
8 I;- ,,"
.........
11 "
./
HONILI!CTlIC SHOY!L HIHI!S - "
../ - "
~"
V COST • 7I.lI(X)·· . . 1

1,000 .i x .! 10,'" - ,,",,"

1,010
IL~CTRIC IHOYI!L MINES
eOST • ss.esex)O ..... -
/' "
',000 .! x.i IfU, ••• ".
I ~,
10 no
I 1,"0
'" ,,'
METRIC TONS PER GAY X IOJ, TOTAL ORE AND WAST!
.
==

4.2.2.5. ELECTRICAL SYSTF." ..S. "

,,""
~,,"
•• 2.2.6. REPAIR SHOPS AND WAREHOUSES ,,"
COST = JDlO(X)'·S76
Repair shops include buildinqs,
1,000 .! X.:! ltoo,OOO
equipment, floors, foundations and
100
aprons. Building costs are based on I 10 10' 1,000
step.l building construction including METRIC TONS PER DAY X 10 3 • TOTAL ORE AND WASTE
all applicable equipment and cover all
types of surface mining operations and 4.2.2.6. SHOPS ~ND WARFHOUSES
haulage. J( rail haulage~s required,
the user should remember to include •• 2.2.7. OFFICES liD LABORATORIES
trackage 'cost for yard and shop
facilities under Section 4.2.2.1. The cost curve for offices and
(Railroad Construction). The buildings laboratories includes construction of
are based on weather requirements for general offices, engineering and safety
the Denve~ area and the cost may be offices, and laboratories, including
reduced 5~ for more moderate areas or furnishinQs as well as all necessary
increased 5~ for more severe areas. assay and metallurgical equipment. The
cost is based on steel building
The cost ~btained from this ·curve construction. The buildings are based
assumes that these facilities will be on weather requirements for the Denver
used only for mining operations. If the area, and the cost may be reduced sr. for
mine and teneficiation pl~nt are to more moderate areas or increased 5% for
share the same facilities the user must more severe areas. The installation is
determine, using a knowledge of t"he based on a three-shift mining operation.
requirements, what can be jointly used
and how much. if any. increase to the The cost obtained from this curve
cost must be made for joint usage. The assumes that these facilities will be
costs are based on a three-shift mining used only for mining operations. I f the
operation. mine and beneficiation plant are to

50
share the saMe facilities the user must
determine, using a knowledge of the I." I

requirements, what can be jointly USlo!!

and how much, if any, increase to the
cost must be made for joint usage.

Thl" followinq distribution gives the

,/
percentage allocation of total costs
applicable to surface mine offices and ,p~VV
~/
laboratory facilities:
~;.o ~
Cost Components Offices Lab's ~ ~r.c,
f....c, ~...,,9'
Ruildings and Fixtures 377- .. I '\.
<I.... t. •
-#t"C;

........".
.... c,
Erection & Installation 14~ ....
";'1
Excavation and Concrete 157. :....1 ...
F.quipment 13~ .y
"'::
.. /:
q.2.2.8. SURFACE BUILDINGS . ~' ".t.I.7. o"tce:s • LAaOu,TORns
il COST • " ... 90:)"'"
The cost curve for surface huildinQs
0 I...... ! x .:!. "'0.'"
covers the general support facilities ... t.2.'. SUR'ACe: BUILDI.S
COST. U72(X)··)7S
for the mininQ operation, including .,0" ~ x.! .... ,000
change house, powder magazine, tool II
sheds, Quard houses, fencing, etc. I 110 I ....
METRIC TONS PER DAY X 10 3 ,
Buildings are furnished and of st~el TOTAL ORE AND WASTE

construction. The buildings are based

on weather requirements for the Denver 4.2.2.7. OFFICES AND LABORATOPJF.S
area, and the cost may he re~uced 57. for
more moderate a~eas or intreased 5~ for 4.2.2.8. SURFACE BUILDINGS
more severe areas. The installation Is
based on a three-shift mining operation. .4.2.3. TOIlISITE
·~he cost obtained from this curve The following housing costs are based on
assumes that these facilities will be using trailers in a fairly level and
used only for mining operations. If the accessible site containing between 75
mine and beneficiation plant are to and 125 units. (For 40 to 60 units,
share the same facilities the user must increase costs hy 10~; for 150 to 250
determine, using a knowledge of the units decrease costs by 10~). These
requirements, what can be jointly used costs are quoted per individual trailer
and how ~uch, if any, increase to the and may be factored by the ~LS
cost must be made for joint usaQe. Industrial Materials Cost Injex.

The cost ottained from the curve is Site costs for family or bachelor unit:
~ased on construction labor 2370,
purchased buildinq and materials 57~ and Site preparation
construction materials 20~. (typical ar.a 250 m2 )
$(00.00
Streets (5.5 - 7.3 m wide 5 cm
3srhalt or 7.5 cm gravel,
lill'ited curhing)
$270.00
Patios and wal~s
$250.(,)0
~ewers - connected to trailer
$210.00
Water - connected to trailer
S240.00

51
Electrical - yard lighting and '.2.5. III. EQUIPI.IT
80 aMp service connection to
trailer
$460.00
'.2.5.1. SUIFaCE IIIIIG EQUIPIEIT
Laundry and recreation The follovinQ cost curves are for ~he
buildin~ purchase of surface aine capital
$110.00 equip.ent and are based on .ines
operatino three shifts per day.
Total TYrical Site Coet $2,800.00 Preproduction develop~ent work can be
done usino the equipMent purchased for
In addition, the following accessories operatiDQ the aine; however, no
~ay also'be required: reduction in the capital cost should be
made if a subcontractor brings in his
Skirting at base of trailer own equip.ent.
$200.00
landinos and steps These costs are predicated upon the
$150.00 equipment being delivered and made fully
Canopies OVEr landings operable at an appropriate site in the
$150.00 Denver area. They also include
!lr conditicninq - using provision for standby eqUiPMent, spare
~xistino heater parts, administrative and maintenance
$600.00 units and an allowance for miscellaneous
items. Fscalation for purchased
Housing Units equipment should be factored by BLS
F.quipaent Cost Index.
Faaily units with living, dining,
kitchen, bath and sleeping facilities Cost curves are presented for four
for 2 adult~ and 2 to 4 children: reouiarly found conditions or types of
$17,000.00 surface minino operations defined by
loadino and hauling methods as follows:
Type A bachelor units with living,
dining, kitchen, bath and sleepinq Using wheel loaders and trucks
facilities for 2 persons: (production range from 1,000 to 20,000
$7,000.00 tid)
Type R bach£lor units with bath and Usino shovels and trucks (production
sle~ping facilities for 6 persons: range fro. 8,000 to 400,000 tid)
$14,000.00
Using shovels and haul trains
For type B bachelor units, add for each (production range from 20,000 to 200,000
1 to 6 units, $50,000.00 for caap tid)
living, dining and kitchen facilities.
For each additional type B bach~lor unit Using scrapers (production range frOM
add $3,500 to the $50,000 amount. 2,000 to 300,000 tid)
Q.2._. RESTORATIOI DURIIG COISTIUCTIOI The types of equipment covered in these
cost curves are all classes of mobile
Permits are generally required prior to and stationary machinery reoularly found
disturbing the ground surface. in surface minino, including
Typically, the per_it specifies that the compressors, drills, powder trucks,
area must he restored hectare for hydrocranes, wheel loaders, shovels,
hectare to approximately the original crawler dozers and rippers, on and off
contours and planted with native plants hiohway trucks, freight locomotives,
and trees in areas which are not to be railroad cars and administratiVe and
mined. For areas where restoration to maintenance equipment. The percentaoe
the ori?inal contour would not be of cost fro. the curves applicable to
practical, topsoil and plantino haulino eguipment or scrapers should be
oenerally will be required on the adjusted by the same equipment factors
slopes. It is estimated that a as were used in Section 4.2.1.3.
restoration prograM for these could (ExcaVation, Load and Haul - Overburden
ranoe frOM $5,000 to $12,500 per surface and Waste). This factoring will take
hectare depEnding on the requirements. into account varying haul lengths.
orades and pit depths. The cost for
fixed supporting items such as railroad generalized cost can not be applied.
track or electric power transmission For the user's guidance, the followino
lines has been covered where cost of dredges, ready for shipment at
specifically noted in other itels. the manufacturer'~ site, are given.
Draol1ne costs IU Y be' used YEAR H.P. REACK BUCKET COST, $
interchangeably with olectric shovels. BUILT (ft) (cu ft)

Capital costs for various hauling 1966 3,600 82 18 8,000,000

methods are distributed as follows: 1952 2,500 107 18 1,109,000
1937 1,300 60 8 600,000
Using electric shovels and trucks:
Loadino 36r. Additional data regardino cost of
HauliDg equipment 57'; dredges may be obtained from U.S. Bureau
Drill and blast equipment 71 of Mines Information Circular aQ62, Gold
Placer Minino, Placer Evaluation and
Using electric shovels and trains: Dredge Selection, by C. K. Romanovltz,
Loadin~ equipment 34" H. J. Bennett, and W. L. Dare (1970, 56
Haulino equipment 59~ pp.).
Drill and blast equipment 7"
'.2.6. ENGINEERING AND CONSTRDCTION
Using Wheel loaders and trucks: IIAIIGEIIEI! FEES
Loading equipment 32'1:
Hauling equipment 42~ The curves are based on percentage of
Drill and blast equipment 25" net constructed cost and the complexity
of the project. Over the years,
UsinQ scrapers engineering experience has established
Scrapers 64'1: some approximate correlations between
Pit equipment 28" engineering and construction costs and
Road equipmt'nt 8". these correlations have resulted in the
costs, presented herein. The curves for
....... design and engineering services fees are
hased on ASCE - Manuals and Reports on
/' Engineering Practice No. 45.
JIo" V Construction management fees are not as
~;,
.,.....
~ veIl established, but have been based on
the practices of several firms engaged
~~,
~~~ in this type of construction management.
./
~ iI"" The net construction cost is th~ sum of
W ./ the group cost for Sections 4.1.2.
. L ".
(Access Roads), 4.2.1. (Preproduction
I.
4:"'~\
V-- ~~L'~ IIMII ... UII:I
COlT • R,III(..,I.,,.
Development),. 4.2.2.
Buildings), 4.2.3.
(Kine Plant and
(Townsite), 4.2.4.

~~ / 1, ... ! • .! II, ••• (Restoration During Construction) and

1" GWU. 4.2.5. ("ine Equipment).
I ....
~
.....
COl' • IIII(X)··1I'
I, ••• .! x .!. J •• ,,'"
./ Factors for escalation, locat.ion, etc.,
IIIIDL MIl I . . .
/ COl' • 7". I(X)' ,." should not be applied to the design and
~ engineering fee, and only a factor for
',1".1 • .! .... " ••
HlDL _ lUllil remote and/or inclement locations should
COlT • II"(X)I. I., be applied to the construction
I','" .! • .! 10','"
• 11
• ...
METRIC TONS PER DAY X 10', TOTAL Oil! AND WA~TI
..... management fee •

The total design, engineering and

construction management fe~ curve is
4.2.5.1. MINE EQUIPMENT based on a sinole firm performing both
tasks. The other tvo curves are ~ased
'.2.5.2. DREDGES on different firms performing each task.

Dredges are generally designed and

configured for a specific minino
application. For this reason a

53
II, It.
10 m2 face area with advances varying
from 1.7 to 2.0 m per shift. The curve
/ components are based on a medium hard
v rock requiring no support and include
If' ",,1/"II drilling, lcadinq, blasting, muckinq and
.......' " hauling plus track, vent line and

1,000
~"
rJ<~" L / "V utilities installation.
~ / The average labor cost is $8.12 per
~~'~1~;
.." ""#
worker-hour with miners at $8.29 •

~#,'~~~
~i ..
Supplies 8re composed of steel items 67~
(track, drill bits and steel, pipe, fan

.::
.
II.

,,' V V
"lL
~-, W
,,~~ "ri:
.,+~~..
..
..~, ~'"<; ~o<f'
~
..,'at'
line, etc.), explosives 30r. and electric
power 3~ •

The equipment operation curve is based

on the use of battery locomotives and is
composed of repair parts 89r. and fuel
~" /
/ and lube 11%. If diesel locomotives are
" " used, increase the equipment operation
10
V"/' L value by 20~ and decrease the supplies
-"
/ 2" •
V EQUIPMENT OPERATING COST DISTRIBUTION
CONSTRUCTION MAHAClMENT FEE • D,GnU)"''''
KliCH AND ENCIN!!RING '11 • •• 215(X)··105
TOTAL DlSIC", ENCINE!!IINC AND
CONSTRUCTION HANACEMENT PU. • •. tt,<X)'·'U DESCRIPTION REPAIR FUEL TIRES
lDO,,'" ~ X .! 10D.ooo,00a PARTS r. LURE
I
I I I Ii I I I I Locomotives, BatterY 89r. 11~
1,000 10,100 100,000 4M>;,
100 Locomotives, Diesel 54~
NET CONSTRUCTION COST X 10'
OthE'r equipment 907. 10%
4.2.6. ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION Factors:
f'lANAGEI'IENT FEES Add for tough, abrasive rock drilling
8% steel.
4.2.7. WORIING CAPITAL Add for difficult breaking rock 8.5~
explosives.
Workinq capital needed for a surface Add for regular pattern rock bolting
~ine operation is a variable factor that 1070 steel and 7~ labor.
cannot be tied to mine production and
cost only. Pasically, it is the capital For timber set support:
required to meet payrolls and pay bills Md 33% labor.
for material inventory and to carry Add 30~ supplies.
accounts receivable until ore sales
produce revenue to pay for these items. Where it is necessary to purchase
equipment or have a subcontract~r
Working capital is estimated as 60 days perform the work, multiply the equipment
of operatinQ and administrative cost. operation value by the followinq
For surface mines, capital demand is applicable factor in order to obtain the
higher on mining equipment and repair total value of equipment expense for
parts, while labor is lower, and support ownersh~p 8nd operation:
materials and utility costs are minimal.
Shifts per Vay 1 2 3
'.3. UIDERGROUND "IlliG - CAPITAL COSTS Factor 1.74 1.56 1.49
4.3.1. PREPRODUCTION DEVELOP"EIT
4.3.1.1. DEfELOP"ERT DRIFTS
4.3.1.1.1. SKILL DRIFTS FOR RAIL
HAULAGE
Drift sizes on this curve vary from 3 to

54
 If a subcontractor 1s u••4, ault1plr laJ)oZ' )71.50,
supplies by 1.20 and eqUip •• Dt expeD.e !If 1.20 to Add for regular pattern rock boltino -
co.p.naate for subcontractor- ••• rkap_
10% steel and 7% labor.
1,00 0

Where it is necessary to purchase

equipment or have a subcontractor
perform the work, aultiply the equipment
operation value by the following
applicable factor in order to obtain the
1---
_...V" total value of equipment expense for
,.,...... s ownership and operation:
100

".-
1.1'.0':
:,....... ...
... ~----- ----
SUpp\.IE . -

Shifts per ray 123

'"
W
I- Factor 1.70 1.53 1947
~
'"w"- If a subcontractor is used, multiply
labor by 1.50, supplies by 1.20 and
:;;' equipment expense by 1.20 to compensate
o
u l..--..... for subcontractor"s markup.
tI~
OPEV~~"''''
...
10
--
----- ......... -
E.Q.\l\P".:.--
1,000

VL • U. 7\CX).· In
Ys • ".71(X)O.~O'
1--- YI! • 2.726()C)0.72S -

J .1 x .1 10

--
f---
~ 6 10
SQUARE METER FACE AREA

\.jo.I!o.! - ... _ ..
4.3.1.1.1. SMALL DRIFTS FOR RAIL HAULAGE 100 ..... -"t;\.\t.'" ......
~! ...
......
4.3.1.1.2. S"ALL DRIFTS FOR BUBBER
TIRED HAULAGE
i"
Drift sizes on this curve vary from 4 to .f <1:'"
"'' '
......
20 me facF area with advances varying ,§"'~'"
from 1.7 to 2.0 m per shift and are ,o' +.... '" YL = 56.07CX)o.'-2
8 q~ Vs • \, • .,0)°·362 -
normally used for LHD haulage. The
~'"
'f! • J. JOSCX)O ... ,
curve components are based on a medium
hard rock requiring no support and
include drilling, loading, blasting,
10
",'"
4'" 10
If ~ x.!. 20

100
mucking and hauling plus vent line and SQUARE METER ~ACE AREA

utilities installation.
4.3.1.1.2. SMALL DRIFTS FOR RUBRER TIRED
Thp. average labor cost Is $8.27 per HAULAGE
work~r-hour with miners at $8.29.
4.3.1.1.3. LARGE DRIFTS FOR RUBBER
Supplips are composed of steel items 58% TIRED HAULAGE
(drill bits and steel, pipe, fan line,
etc.), explcsivps 38~ and electric power Drift sizeE on thi~ curve range from 20
4~ • to 50 m~ face area with advances
normally u~e~ for truck haulage Lhat
The equipment 0peration curve is range from 2.1 to 2.4 m per shift. The
composed of repair parts 727., tires 9% curve components are based on a medium
and fuel and lube 19~. hard rock requiring no support and
include drilling, 10adinQ, blasting,
Factors: mucking and hauling plus vent line and
Add for tough, abrasive rock drilling - utilities installation.
8~ steel.
Add for difficult breaking rock - 8.5~ The averao~ labor cost is $B.28 per
I?xplosiv£>s. worker-hour with miners at $8.29.

55
Suppli~s are composed of steel items 52% •• 3.1.2. SINKING SHAFTS
(drill bits and steel, pipe, fan line,
etc.), explcsives 45% and electric power Shaft sinking curves cover a range of
3% • face areas from 4 to 40 m2 with average
advances of 0.76 to 1.22 m per shift in
The eguipm~nt operation curve is the smaller shafts and 1.02 m per shift
composed of repair parts 71%, tir~s 10% overall in the larger shafts.
and fuel and lube 19~.
The smaller shafts are based on using
Factors: miners at $8.29 per worker-hour and a
Add for touQh, abrasive rock drilling hoistlllan at $8.14 for an average labo.r
8~ steel. cost of $8.15. Tn the larger shafts the
Add for difficult breakino rock 8.5% crew size increases considerably with
explosives. the average cost at $8.21 per
Add for regular pattern rock boltlnQ worker-hour. Applicable hourly costs
10% steel and 7~ labor. are: shaft miner $8.64, foreman $9.09,
miner helpers $8.02, mucker operator and
Wh~re it is necessary to purchase cagers $7.88, electrician $8.20, and
equipment er have a subcontractor hoistmen $8.14.
perform the work, multiply the equipment
operation value by the following Supplies are composed of explosives 8~,
applicable factor in order to obtain th~ shaft timber 141., power 6~, steel
total value of equipment expense for related items 627. (pipe and fittings,
ownership and operation: Quides and manways, rock and hanger
bolts, etc.) and miscellaneous items
Shifts, per Day 1 2 3 101.
E'actor 1.52 1.39 1.35
The equipment operation curve is
If a subcontractor is used, multiply composed of repair parts 88%, fuel and
labor by 1.50, supplies by 1.20 and lube 7% and tires 5% (tires used on
equipment expense by 1.20 to compensate top~ide cranes and loaders servicing the
for subcontractor's markup. shaft sinking).
1,"0 Factors:
When concreting a large shaft
concurrently with sinking, reduce labor
12%, add 18% to supply curve for
concrete and forms, and reduce equipment
opera tion 3.51..

V If shafts are to be la,ged wit~ timber,

~ increase labor 9~, increase timber

~
~ portion of supply curve 381., and
increase equipment operation 131.

100 Services installed in shaft include

:\\~ guides, manways, air, water and vent
...~
"'
....
lines, and all electrical cables, signal

~
lines, and lightino. Sinkino is
considered to be done with a sinkino
headframe. Costs for permanent hoisting
facilities are included in Section
4.3.2.2. (Heisting Facilities).

'L • 1I ••'(X,··1I1 - Where it is necessary to purchase

's • Sl.II(I)··'57
equipment or have a subcontractor
' I • , .• II(X)··111
perform the work, multiply the equipment
•• ~.~,. I operation value by the followino
10
10 .. 0 110 applicable factor in order to obtain the
SqUAU MeTER ~ACE AREA totftl value of equipment expense for
ownership and operation:
4.3.1.1.3. LARGE DRIFTS FOR RUBBER TIRED
HAULAGE

56
Shifts per Day 1 2 3 labor cost and $1,500 to the total
Factor 1.18 1.14 1.12 supply cost for each raise.

If a subcontractor is used, multiply If the raises are not timber lined

lahor by 1.50, supplies by 1.20 and deduct 28~ from supply curve and 30~
equipment expense by 1.20 to compensate from labor curve.
for suhcontractor"s markup.
Where it is necessary to purchase
10,000 equipment or have a subcontractor'
perform the work, multiply the equipment
operation value by the followinQ
applicable factor 1n order to obtain the
total value of equipment expense for
ownership and operation:

..........-::: Shi fts per Day 1 2 3

,,~.,~../ I-" /" Factor 2.10 1.83 1. 73

../ v'
........ l/" If a subcontractor is used, multiply
1,000
~ ,-","/ labor by 1.50, supplies by 1.20 and
~" pquipment expense by 1.20 to compensate
,,-;,," , .-' for subcontractor's markup.
/
V <.\o'i'
t,...t- 1.000
c:1 "
~t,~<"''/

. V t,,,,\l\;;~
..,':? Tl I: ItS9.0l<X)'·"'s
0-

S V Ys

Y• •
• SI.tt7(X)J·O
u.S)CX)··, ...

" .! )C .! "'
lOa
1 10 100
SQUARE METER FACE AREA

....
100 SUPPLIES

4.3.1.2. SINKING SHAFTS ..

•
;
I."so"

4.3.1.3. DRIVIle RAISES ..•

L

The curves for drivinq raises are for 0-

.
two-compartment timber lined raises S
varying in face are~ from 2 to 6 m~.

--
10
~dvance rates in • per worker-shift .."nON
range from 1.25 for a 2 m2 raise to 0.7 E(\UIP"EtI~!!:.~-
for a 6 m2 raise.

The average' labor cost is $8.20 per TL • n.lft<x)·· .... S

worker-hour with miners at $8.29 and 's. ,... SICX)'·'''· _
motormen at $7.53. 'e: z J.7U(X)D.'"

t.1x.:s.6

Supplies are composed of steel items 33~ . 6 10

(nrill bits and steel, pipe, etc.), SQUARE METER FACE AREA

explosives 3ar., timber 28~ and power 1l.

4.3.1.3. DRIVING RAISES
The equipment operation curve is
composed of repair parts 9'~ and 4.3.1.4. PREPARING STOPES
lubrication 9~.
Stope preparation varies wid~ly from one
If a simple chute with steel bottom lip mine to another depending upon the
and steel door at the bottom of a raise individual mine system of eitraction.
1s used, add S265 to the total labor Stope development 1s generally
cost and $750 to the total supply cost considered to be that work necessary to
for each raise. If grizzly chains and develop and prepare a stope or body of
air cylinders are to be included also, ore for full scale extraction of the ore
add an additional $265 to the total contained therein and includes such

57
items as sublevel drifts, minor raises Labor cost is $13.00 per m using miners
within the stope, finger raises, slushe~ at $8.29 per Yorker-hour.
station cutouts, scram drifts, pocket
cutouts, chute installations and box or Supplies cost is $8.02 per m composed of
mill holes. In block caving, all of the 95~ drill rods and bits and 5%
draw raises, undercut drifts, mill miscellaneous supplies.
holes. and scrams if used, would be
considered 8S stope development. The Equipment operation cost is $0.75 per m
user must determine the total tonnage and is composed of 88% repair parts and
for stope preparation to be applied to 121. lubrication.
arrive at capital cost.
For EX core drilling (1-1/2" hole).
This type of work will normally be reduce labor cost 9~ per m.
performed by the mine itself rather than
by subcontractor. For this reason, no The amount of core drillinc required
allowance should be made for equipment will vary for· different types of
ownership expense or subcontractor operations and is not based on daily
markup. Capital equipment is included mine production. Therefore, the user
in Section 4.3.5. (Hine Equipment). must determine the quantity and type of
cores that will be needed.
Overhand stopes (flat back, rill,
vertical face and square set stopes), 4.3.1.6. CLEARING
shrinkage stopes, room and pillar and
hlock caving are in the lower cost The curVE for clearin1 during
range, from $1.00 to $2.48 per t. preproduction development is based on
estimated costs for medium light growth
CUt and fill, longhole or sublevel on terrain with a side slope of 20~ to
stopes are in the median cost range, 50~. Estimate one tree, 0.33 m in
from $2.34 to $3.89 per t. diameter, per 40 m2 •

Combination methods or nonuniform ore The clearing rate for large scale
bodies will be in the upper cost range. operations occurring during
from $3.75 to $5.23 per t. preproduction development is based on
the equation:
Labor is 66% of the total cost using
~iners at $8.29 per worker-hour.

The supplies cost is 30~ of the total Where:

cost and is composed of steel items 40%, Y = Clearing Rate (ha/d)
explosives 351.. timber 121. and X = Total ClearinQ Area (ha)
miscellaneous items 13~.
The above equation is valid between the
Fquipmpnt operation expenses compose the X limits of 1 to 500 ha. Above 500 ha
remaining 4~ of the total cost and the costs are expected to remain
consist of repair parts 91~ and constant.
lubrication gr..
For light clearing consisting mainly of
Fquipment Operation Factor: brush and small trees. the costs should
If slushers are required add $0.15 per he reduced by 75~ from those shown on
t. the curves. For heavy clearing. costs
should be increased 751 over those shown
Supplies Factor: for medium clearing.
For very abrasive rock add 81 for steel.
For very tough breaking rock add 8.57. For terrain on level to 207. side slopes,
for explosives. costs should be reduc~d by 20~ from
For timber ~ets add $0.53 per t. those shown. For terrain over 50% up to
100~ side slope, costs should be
4.3.1.5. CORE DRILLING increased 201. On rocky slopes and
slopes over 1001. the costs should be
The predominant core drill size used for increased 2 to 3 times.
these costs is AX (1-7/8" holes).
The average labor cost for a composite

58
 clearing crew is $1.30 per worker-hour 4.3.2. RIlE PL.IT .ID BUILDIIGS
with .laborers at $6.91.
In this section if a subcontractor is
Supply costs are 65~ fuel all for used. multiply labor portion by 1.50,
hurnino and 25X for trucks, pickups and materials portion by 1.20 and equipment
sa liS. operation portion by 1.20 to compensate
for subcontractor's markup except in the
F.guip~ent cperatino costs are 15% for case of Communications System.
dozers and 25% for trucks, pickups and
salis. 4.3.2.1. CORPRESSED AIR FACILITIES

EQUIPMENT OPERATING COST DISTRIBUTION This curve is based on m3 /min of

installed compressed air capacity
nESCRIPTTON REPAIR FUEL TIRES required to meet the needs of operation
PARTS & LUBE and development lIork and must be used in
Crawler Dozers 70"" 30~ conjunction lIith the air volume
Other equipment 337. 6n 4% determined from Section 3.3.4.3.
(Compressed ~ir Plant).
Where it is necessary to purchase
equipment or have a subcontractor The cost for the compressor house is
perform the work, multiply the equipment based on steel building construction and
operation value by the follollino includes purchase price and erection of
applicable factor in order to ohtain the huilding, and installatien of
total valuf' of equip",ent expense for compressors, piping, and wiring.
ownership and operation:
The cost of compressed air facilities
Shifts per Day 1 2 3 can he distributed as follows: equipment
Factor 1.75 1.56 1.50 751, huilding and materials 11~ and
installation of equipment and erection
If a subcontractor is used, multiply of buildip9 14"..
labor by 1.50, supplies by 1.20 and
equipment expense by 1.20 to compensate II."•
for subcontractor"s markup.

10 .. 000

~./
V
1•••• "
.::: ~7
"
--- .
.. I, DOD
- --- LA OR
--;;;;;
---- /~
,,'
!u
I! "
.....•
~"
1---- --- - - --- --- - - ---
fQUIPHt:NT OPfRATION
~--- -- 1••

.
.:
/
17
8
100 - SUPPLIES
-- --- - - ---
COST. 1S90(X)·· 98_
TL • 11l,e)()-··U7
)0 .! a: :!. 2,000
' • • 'I1.I(X)-I . .,a
'I • U5.)()()-··· .. , 10 L i 1 J
10 uo 1,,000 10,000
1 .i x .! soo
CUBIC METUS PER MINUTE INSTALLED CAPACITY

10
I I I I
100
I 10 1,"0 4.3.2.1. COMPRESSED AIR FACILITIES
HECTARES

4.3.2.2. HOISTING FACILITIES

4.3.1.6. CLEARING
There are many variables involved with
the selection of hoisting equipment.
Pope speed, shifts worked, depth of

59
shafts, number of levels, type of The curve shown is based on m3 /min of
hoisting equipment, quantity of material ventilation air at a total pressure of
to be hoisted, safety factors, size of 6" W.G. (15.24 cm). ReferrinQ to
crews and balanced or unbalanced systems ~ection 3.3.4.2. (Ventilation System),
are some cf the variables to be the user must determine what quantity of
considered. air is required for the type of mining
operation selected and the total
For the reasons above, this curve is not pressure to be expected. ~ince, for a
intended to meet all of the various given volume of air the total pressure
situations possible, but does provide 8 will affect the horsepower requirements,
cost for the average mine hoisting job. en adjustment must be made to the
It is based on t-m/d hoisted for a capital ccst curve to account for
two-shift mining operation. pressure variances. The following
equation should be used to determine the
The curve includes costs for hoist factor to be multiplied by the base
hous~, hoists, headframes, cages, skips, curve value:
loading pcckets, foundations, and
electrical and mechanical installation
and is distributed 80~ to equipment and Factor = 1.017(Q)-0.03265(H)0.042
material purchases and 20~ to
installation. "'here:
Q : Volume of Air in m3/min
I .....~ H = Total Pressure in inches

••• 0 •
•

10,'"
,,,
..:= ,,/
I ....

.:= ;-
. ,," ./
V

I /
" V '"
,,/ ~
1, •••
./
/'
/ 100 ./
V
), /""
~
....
~
COST • "!IICX)·~ , ...
I,"'.! X.!"',,., ,,/
.....

V'" COlT • \u.,(X)··,J7 ./ COST • 7S1.I,(X)O.611

V' .. ",.1" .! X.! 1.,. ••• , ... ....... lSI ! X .! 100.00'

1...-..... I I II I I I I I I
lit 10
I 10
II'
METRIC TOOf MEnRS PIA DAY x 10 3
I,'" II,'" 100 1,000
CUBIC MEHRS PER MINUTe
10,000 100.0 . .

4.3.2.2. HOISTING FACILITIES 4.3.2.3. VENTILATION SYSTEM

4.3.2.3. YEITILATIOW SISTER 4.3.2.4. VArER SYSTER
This curve includes the installed cost The cost of a water supply systeM for an
of primary ventilation fans and their underground mine includes purchase and
structures in addition to small fans for installation of pumps, storage tanks.
use in stopes, drifts, raises and electrical hookup, piping and
underground workings. Also included are distribution to surface buildings, and a
air doors and bulkheads. The cost is no.inal amount of extra heavy ~uty pipe
distributed 80~ to equipment and with pressure reducers and check valves
material purchases and 2070 to installed tc servlee the mine workings.
installation.
Labor accounts for 20~ of the cost,

60
 steel 70r., and equipment 10r., with all
costs being based on a two-shift mining
a.1I •
operation. t--

a.... .,-
Y
V
/
V UI
/
V
/'

V V
~
i." .= L,. . v
UO
1/ . /~
1-

V ~~
~

. ~
v
v~'
,,~

.
= ~~
/; COST :II

lto,OOO .!
.... U(X).· IU
x .! 10,000,000
,: / 10
8 ".677 /' 1,000 10,000

/
V COST :II It IS'CX)'· JlI
lOt METER - CUBIC METERS PER DAY X 10 3
~
20 ! x ,i 60,001
I I
4.3.2.5. DRAINAGE SYSTEM
10
10 100 a.loo 10.000 100.0.0
METRIC TONS PER DAY 4.3.2.6. COR"UIICATIONS SISTEB
4.3.2.4. WATER SYSTEM This curve covers the installed cost ~f
necessary phones for communication from
4.3.2.5. DRAIIAGE SISTER the mine to the surface and for
Int~rofflce communication. The cost
This curve covers capital expenditures allows for switchboard and phone
for ditches, culverts, sumps and drains installation by an outside aqency and is
needed to drain the surface area around based on a two-shift mining operation.
the mine and is based on m-m 3 /d where
the term m represents the total pumping For escalation, distribute BOX of the
head. It does not cover the water cost to purchased equipment and 20r. to
discharge pipes in the shaft as those labor.
are included in the shaft sinking item.
However, it does include the cost of
pumps and installation of the various
items.

The user must evaluate the minino

situation and determine the m3 of water
to be pumped. The cost 1s composed of
pumping equipment 57r., miscellaneous
materials 16~, and installation of
equipment and mis- cellaneous earthwork
27~.

If the mine has gravity flow from an

adit, reduce curve value BO%.

61
I .... I ••

/
/
It.

. /
c;?
/
..... v
.
= ~
It

V
V v
..- . V
V ....
10-........
=
" 1/
I.
V COST. JUIt(X)"O
21 .! X .! ItOO
COST • 211. t(x)" .... 2
"0 • .! X .! ",000
1
COST. tu,eK)··' .. 5 1. 1.. 1.,'1. 11 .... 110 ....

III ,
u .! X !5. ",01' METRIC TONS PER DAY

I
II 101 I ....
METRIC TONS PER DAY
'" 100 .... 4.3.2.7. FUELING SYSTEM

'.3.2.8. ELECTRICAL SISTER

4.3.2.6. COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
~his curve covers the purchase and
4.3.2.7. FUELING SISTER installation of surface and underground
substations as well as surface
Fueling systems may range from small distribution of pover and distribution
gasoline and diesel fuel tanks at small of major feeder and subfeeder lines
mines to large complex storage systems underground. The curve cost also
in the larger mines. The cost curVe includes the power drops to hoists and
shown, allows for normal consumption of surface ventilation fans.
fuels for surface equipment and assumes
nondiesel operations underground. Installation labor accounts for 35~ of
this cost while equipment and materials
If underground operations are to be purchase is 65%. These costs are based
handled with diesel equipment, the curve on a tWo-shift minin? operation.
value should be increased 2001.
If the mine is to be operated through an
The cost is composed of 20r. for edit or adits rather than through a
installation labor and 80~ for purchase shaft, reduce the curve value by 20f. for
of tanks and dispensing equipment. elimination of hoisting electrical power
Any building required for fuelino supply system.
facilities is covered in Section
4.3.2.11. (Surface Buildings). The
costs are based on a two-shift mining
operation.

62
10,000 associated with excavation and support
r--- 1-- of a suitarly sized chamber or chambers
with all required facilities excluding
equipment.
/ Equipment and tool expenditures range
V from 15% of the indicated curve cost at
low tonnage mines to 5% at hiQher
1,000 / tonnages with a weighted average of 7%.
1/
V If an underground mine has all repair
shops and warehouse facilities located
>C
/ above ground, the user should refer to
.,:
o
V
/ ~ection 4.2.2.6. (Surface Mine Repair
u ~hops and Warehouses). The cost of
V repair shops and warehouses for mines
100
/ with tonnages below 1,000 tId may be
/ calculated using the equation appearing
/~' on the curve for Section 4.2.2.6. after
adjustment for the number of daily
V operating shifts, if required.
V COST = 10111(X)0.71O
/ t. ! X .i 60,000 For surface facilities, the cost
ID
/' I II I I I I ohtained from the curve is based on
10 $9,IH 100 1,00' 10,000 100 0" construction labor 251., buildings and
HET~ I C TONS PE~ DAY purchased materials 58% and construction
materials 17",.
4.3.2.0. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
For underQround facilities, the cost
4.3.2.9. REPAIR SHOPS AID WAREHOUSES obtained from the curve is based on
mining lahor 1B~, purchased materials
This curve includes costs for surface as 42% and construction materials 40r..
well as underground repair shops and
warehouses and is based on a two-shift 1,211,10/
mining operation. The costs for surface I,OOD
buildings range from 531 of the /
inrticated curve cost at low tonnage V
mines to 38! at higher tonnages with a
weighted averaQ€ of 42~. They are based
V
on steel huilding construction and
include foundations, floors, aprons, V
storage facilities and mechanical and
plectrical work. The buildings are
/
based on weather requirements for the
Denver area and the cost may be reduced
/
I ..
~~ for more moderate areas or increased /
~% for more severe areas. The costs for
/
~urface buildings assumes that these
facilities will be used only for mining ..
~ /
operations. If the mine and
"
heneficiation plant are to share the
same facilities the user must determine,
V~
/
using a knowledge of the requirements,
what can re jointly used and how much, / COST Iii ]Dl6(X)O' , ...
to .:! x .! 60,000
if any, increase to the cost must be
I II I I
made for joint usage. 10
10 100 1,000 10,010 100,000
HET~IC TONS PE~ DAY
The cost of underground repair shops and
warehouse installations range from 32~ 4.3.2.9. SHOPS AND WAREHOUSES
of the indicated curve cost at low
tonnage mines to 57% at hiqher tonnages ~.3.2.10. OFFICES AID LABORATORIES
with a weighted average of 51?. These
installations are based on costs The cost curve for offices and

63
laboratories includes construction of '.3.2.11. SURFACE BUILDIIGS
general offices. engineering and safety
offices. and laboratories, including The cost curve for surface buildings
furnishings as well as all neCessary covers the general support facilities
assay and metallurQical equipment. The for the mininQ operation, including
cost is based on steel building change house. powder magazine, tool
construction. The buildinos are based sheds, guard houses, fenCing, etc.
on weather requirements for the Denver Buildings are furnished and of steel
area and the cost may be reduced 5~ for construction. The buildings are based
morp moderate areas or increased 5~ for on weather requirements for the Denver
~ore severe areas. The costs shown are area and -the cost may be reduced 5~ for
based on a two-shift mining operation to more moderate areas or increased 5~ for
10,000 tId and three shifts thereafter. more severe areas.

The cost ohtained from this curve The c,hanQe house and its furnishings
assumes that these facilities will be represent B2% of the cost and is based
used only fer mining operations. If the on a production rate of 16 t per
mine and beneficiation plant are to worker-shift. To adjust the cost for
share the snme facilities the user must varying production rates encountered
determine, using a knowledge of the with different minino methods. multiply
requirements, what can be jointly used the curve value by the followino factor:
and how much, if any, increase to the
cost must be made for joint usage. Factor = 2.973(P)-O.393

The following distribution gives the Where: P : Production Rate in t per

percentage allocation of total costs worker-shift
applicable to underground mine offices
and laboratery facilities: The cost obtained from this curve
assumes that these facilities will be
Cost Components Offices Lab·s used only for ~ininQ operations. If the
mine and beneficiation plant are to
Buildings and Fixtures 37% share the same facilities the user ~ust
F.rection & Installation 14~ determine, using a knowledge of the
Excavation and Concrete 15~ requirements, what can be jointly used
Fquiprnent 131. and how much, if any, increase to the
cost must be made for joint usage • . The
1. . . .
costs shown are based on a two-shift
--- -_. mining operation.
_.- r-
~- - --- 0-- f- --_..- --- /
The cost ottained from the curve is
-- - - 0- -- -- / based on construction labor 28~,
purchased materials 551. and construction
V Ina ter ials 177..
---- ---- r- --- --- 0- -- V - -
/v
110 /
--- - /
-- V
/'

>C
f-- -- -- / -- -- - --

S
0- /
--- - - -
/ U2Iex)O. su
V
COST.
It .! x .! 11,1"
10
10 liD l.toO 10,'" 100,000
HETR I C TONS PER DA.Y

4.3.2.10. OFFICES AND LABORATORIES

64
1,'" In addition, the following accessories
may also be required:

/ Skirting at base of trailer

$200.00
V Landings and steps
/ Canopies over 1andinQs
$150.00
V $150.00

1. .
/
V Air conditioning - usino
existino heater
$600.00
/
..:: V Housing Units
. V Family units with living, dining,
kitchen. bath and sleeping facilities
V'" for 2 adults and 2 to 4 children:
:/ $17,000.00
COST. 1t,,19(X)··ltltit
to .!. X .! 10,000 Type A bachelor units with living,
11
11 III 1,'" le,'OO 100,'" dinino. kitchen, bath and sleeping
HETRIC TONS PER DAY facilities for 2 persons:
I $7,000.00
4.3.2.11. SURFACE BUILDINGS
Type ~ bachelor units with bath and
4.3.3. TOWNSITE sleeping facilities for 6 persons:
$14,000.00
The following housing costs are based on
using trailers in a fairly level and For type B bachelor units, ndj for each
accessible sitp containing between 75 to 6 units,
1 $50,000.00 for camp
and 125 units. (For 40 to 60 units, living, dining and kitchen facilities.
increase costs by 101.; for 150 to 250 For pach additional type R bachelor unit
units decrease costs by 107.). These add 53,500 to the $50,000 amount.
costs are quoted per in1ividual trailer
and may be factored by the BLS '.3.'. RESTORATION DURING CONSTRUCTION
Industrial ~aterials Cost Index.
Permits arp genprally required prior to
Site costs for family or bachelor unit: ~isturbing the around surfacp, and
topsoil must be rpmoved and stockpiled
Site preparation for reuse. Areas around the mine must
(typical area 250 m2 ) he planted. It 1s estimated that
$600.00 restoration will cost about $5,000 per
Streets 5.5 - 7.3 m wide 5 cm surface hectare.
asphalt or 7.5 em gravel,
limited curbing)
$270.00
Patios and walks The capital cost curves inctude the
$250.00 purchase of underground equipment and
~ewers - connected to trailer items not previously included in other
$210.00 sections. These costs aTe based on two
Water - connected to trailer operating shifts per day for mines
$240.00 producin9 from 20 to 60,000 tid. The
Electrical - yard lighting and costs on these curves are predicated
80 amp service connection to upon the equipment bein9 ~elivered and
trailer made fully operable at an appropriate
$460.00 si te in thE" Denver area. They also
I.aundry and recreation include prOVision for standby equipment,
huilding spar~ parts, administrative and
$770.00 maintenance units.
Total Typical Site Cost S2,E\00.OO The curve for drill and blast aod

65
 Where:
miscellaneous support equipment is
composed of various mixtures of r =
Fa.ctor
R = Conveyor incline or grade in degrees
equipment to be found in underground
mines such as jack legs, stopers, 10,800
drifters, percussion drills and jumbos.
It is not the intent of this handbook to
designate the type of equipment to be
used vrth a specific mining method, but
rather to provide an estimated cost V
,./ ""
which is directly related to the tId
produced. ether source material may be V~
used for making a more detailed 1,,000
/
estimate.
I-
Costs for raIl (locomotives, cars, :b~
/t-'"
~"'~
-
battery chargers, etc.), conveyors, " K,.'"
truck haulage and its normally
associated loading equipment, and tHD !h"
haulage are directly related to the W~~
.,'oJ'
quantity (in t/d-km) transported. The 100 /a•..;"..,
Quantity associated with one of the Q"
curves does not necessarily imply that
/
the other curves need use the same
quantity. DRILL. BLAST' M!2£.:..-EQUIPMENT

The. types of equipment contained in

/ COST
20 ~

COST
= 2.177(JOO.752
x ! 10,000
= ItO,HO(X)O.lt35
these cost curves consist of all classes 10,000 ! x ~ 60,000

of equipment regularly found in 10 I--L--.L..L.

100,000
10 100 1,000 10,000
underground mines, including drilling HETR. C TONS PER DAY
equipment of all types, loading and
mucking equipment, haulage equipment,
surface support vehicles, cranes, 4.3.5. MINE EQUIPMENT
trucks, dozers, and pickup trucks, as CURVE 1 OF 2
well as administrative equipment.
11,11' .---,r---r--r'TT--,---r-"..,--r--r-.-,.,--r-,-,.-,n
Hoisting, ventilation, compressed air I---t--l--l-++--+--l-H+---f----i- - - -----+--+--+-H
and pumping equipment have been included
with other capital cost items. The cost
for other fixed supporting items such as
railroad trackaQe and pover transmission
lines has been covered where
specifically noted in other items.

The cost of rail haulage equipment is

based on the use of battery locomotives.
For other types. adjust the percentage
of cost applicable to hauling ~guipment
by the folleving factors:

Trolley Locomotives, F = 0.833

Diesel Locomotives, F = 0.521

The values obtained from the curves are

valid for horizontal conveyors and
grades up to 21 for truck or LHD hauling
equipment. Adjust the percentage of
cost for incline conveyors or greater
hauling grades by the following factors:

Conveyors, F = 1+0.018(P) HETRI C TON KJ LOHETERS PER DAY

Trucks, F = 1+0.0159(R)
LHD's, F = 1+0.0159(R) 4.3.5. ~INE EOUJP~ENT
CURVE 2 OF 2

66
In the case of decline conveyor or haul The total deSign, engineering and
grades less than 2~~ use curve values construction management fee curve 1s
without adjustment. based on a single firm performing both
tasks. Th€ other two curves are based
The curves are intended to be additive; on different firms performing each task.
that is~ the user should enter the drill
and blast curve at the value 10,00 0
corresponding to the daily mine 1/
production~ adjusted for the number of V'
shifts operated per day. To this value V
V' ..1
should be added the cost or costs ~.,.,/ / ~"
associated with a given quantity ,/
transported by any or all of the haulage ~/~
methods. 1,000
~ /,,'

The following table gives the percentage -;s.. .,~ /

breakdown of types of equipment inclUded ~....'F/ ~ ~,,'
in each of the capital cost curves: (,~~~~~'
~",~~~/
OPERATION FQUIPMENT TYPE t,~"~~~
tt9 II' II'
~" II'
Loading Hauling Drill ~isc. 100 ~~~o+/
",~ ..~......~
"....:.'
t Blast . .0"':;,
Drill t Bla st 507. 50"
Rail HaulagE' 43f. 50~ 7",
'":::
.. v' ". 0;"
Conveyor Sys. 3": 927.
,,/
... "
Truck. Haulage 2070 75r. " "" "." "
I.HD Haulage 95."
10
V;;" ,,',,",,"
_.3.6. ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION
nNAGEIIENT FEES "
CONSTRUCTION MNtA,GEMfNT FI!!:E = a.0I5(X,'·'''·
=
The curves are based on percentage of DESICH AND ENGINEI!RING I'E! 0.251(1)" ,02
TOTAL DESH'H, ENGINEERING AND
net constructed cost and the complexity CONSTRUCTION HAHAGEJ«NT 'E! = O.321(X,··911
of the project. Over the years,
engineering experience has established
lOO'jOO .! x t lOi,OjOiOOO I I I ,
1
100 1,000 10,000 100,000
some approximate correlations between
NET CONSTRUCTION COST X 10 3
engineering and construction costs and
these correlations have resulted in the
curves presented herein. The curves for 4.3.6. ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION
design and engineering services fees are l"IANAGEMENT FEES
based on ~SCF - Manuals and Reports on
Engineering Practice No. 45. _.3.7. WORKING CIPITAL
Construction management fees are not as
well established~ but have been based on Working capital ne€ded for an
the practic~s of several firms engaged underground mine operation is a variable
in this type of construction management. factor that cannot be tied to mine
production and cost curves only.
The net construction cost is the sum of Basically, it is the capital required to
the applicable group cost for Section meet payrolls and pay bills for material
4.3.1. (Preproduction Development)~ and product inventory, and to carry
Section 4.3.2. (Mine Plant and accounts receivable until ore sales
Builrlings)~ Section 4.3.3. (Townsite), produce revenue to pay for these items.
Section 4.3.4. (Restoration During
Construction) and Section 4.3.5. (tUne ~orkinq capital is estimated as 60 days
Equipment). of operating and administrative cost.
For un~er9round mines, work.ing capital
Factors for escalation, location, etc.~ demend is shorter term since weather and
should not te applied to the desion and environmental restrictions do not affect
~n9ineering fee, and only a factor for production as in surface mining and
remote anrl/cr inclement locations should heneficiaticn. ~dditional pp.rsonnel are
be applied to the construction needed where mechanical methods are of
management fef>. limited use.

67
68
5. BEIErICIITIOJ OPEBITIIG COST P = Product Size, cm
ES'Uftl'l'IOI I = Work Index (see following table)

5.1. BEJErICIATIOJ OPE.ATIIG COSTS TYPIC~L MATERIAL WORK INDEX·

Barite 6
Throuqhout Section 5. the opera ting Ferro-chrome, potash t pyrite 9
costs are associated vith a basic Lead-zinc ore & manganese 12
three-shift operation. Taconitp. & gold ore 15
Silver t uranium ore 18
5.1.1. CBUSHIRG ~n~esite & trap rock 22

This operation covers the reduction of * For 8 more complete list of work
minp. run ore to a size suitable for indexes for various materials, refer to
orinding or further beneficiation Chemical Fnqineers' Handbook.
operations. The crushinq may be done McGraw-Hill Book Co •• New York. 5th ed.,
either in the mine or at a surface 1973, pp. 8-11.
location. The curves include all costs
associated with crushing, screeninq, n,'"
conveying and transfer of material and
are valid for as .any stages of
reduction as might be required. The VI'
curves should be applied to open as vell
as closed Circuit crushing. The curves / % i.-"
are based on the reduction of a medium
ore (Work Index = 12.0) from _ine run
size to 80~ passino 0.95 cm (3/8").
I,'" I?'/
R. V
.-"11' /

~~.,..
,/
Labor costs average S7.Sij per
worker-hour with key personnel beino ,/" o~~
crusher operators and utility.en ~ ~
~ ,..'
averaging $7.84 and general laborers at V ~
.,~ ~~
$6.91. ChanQes in the product sizino or I ..
./
V L
..oil

material work index do not affect the

daily labor cost. /' /
/ ~
YL = 5.910(.)°·5 .. 5
The equipment operation curVe covers the
daily operation cost for all crushino V V Ys
YE
=
=
0.062(X)0.9 8 7
o.131(X)O"'-'

plant equipment and inclu~es allowances

for the replftce~ent of jaws, liners, n l/:V 100 ~

I
x .! 100,000
I I

'~
mantles. bowls. belts and miscellaneous I 1,000 10,000 100,00

repair parts. ".11 CRUSHER '[[0. METRIC TONS PER DAY

The supply curve consists of electric 5.1.1. CRUSHING

power only. 80th supply and equipllent
operation curves should be factored if 5.1.2. C:BIRDING
other than the above state:! base
conditions exist. This operation covers the grinding of
are after reduction in the crushing
Due to wide variations in rock hardness operation, and is based on a grinding
and abrasiveness and product size mill running at normal load and speed
required. there is a great variation in including the operation of the
the amount of electric power and crusher classifiers in th. grinding circuit.
wear part consumption required to Carry Open-circuit grinding is so seldom
out crushing of the ore. Therefore, the encountered in actual practice. factors
following factor should be applied to for its USe have not been included. The
the daily supply and equipMent operation curves are based on reducing a medium
costs obtained from the curves: are (Work Index 12.0) from 0.95 em =
(3/8") to 100 mesh. By applying the
F = O.0799(p)-o.a30(I) proper factor, below. this curve can
8lso be used to determine regrind cost.
Where:
F =
Factor I.abor costs
worker-hour and
averaqe $7.58
include grinding
per
mill

69
operators at S7.68, mechanics and screen. ~hen ~o ~~sh be the voula
utilitymen $1.95, and oeneral laborers product size to be used in the preceding
$6.91. Changes in the feed or product factor equations.
size or the work intiex d.o not affect the
daily labor cost. For dry grinding, multiply the supply
curve amount by 1.3 to account for
Included in equipment operation are increased power consumption.
replacement of steel balls, rods, shell ConVersely, the equipment operation
and head liners and scoop lips. These Curve should be multipliert by 0.7 to
requirements range from about 0.6 to 0.9 account for decreased metal wear (balls,
kq/t ground <0.07 to 0.11 kg/kW-h). rods. liners, etc.).

The supply curve is composed of electric For autogenous grinding, multiply the
pover only. Roth the equipment supply curve amount by 0.45 to account
operation and supplies curves should be for reduced pover consumption.
factored if other than the above stated Similarly. reduce the equipment
base conditions exist. operation amount by multiplying by 0.75.

Due to the wide variations in relative 11 .....

rock hardn~ss. size of feed to the

grinding mill, nnd the particle size
product required, there is a great
variation in the amount of electric . . . 11'
pover and grin~ing media consumption 11."0
/ ./
required to carry out fine grinding of v/
the orp. Therefore, the following
factor should be applied to the daily ~
supply and equipment operation costs l--:;lI' l-
I ....
ohtained from the curves: v
~~
Grinding:
F = 0.003357(I)(X)o.702(P)o.699

Regrinding:
100 .....-
v~·
0'1
-t=t:
«
toi'::
\..~Ilo,..
Vv
j:::

V'
1../

F = 0.003357(I)(X)oo702(A-B) ~f--:~r-< r---;",~"/'

t---c ~",'1 ,,~qz

Where:
/~ l/
I =
Work Index (see table in Section v
II
5.1.1.) /' "l = SO.Bl(X)O.297
F = Factor V "5 = O.21S(X)t.D
=
X Feed size to grinding, cm V YE :: 3.IJU(X)O.6lJ6

P = Product size from grinding, mesh -_. 10 ! x ! lOD;OUO

" :. Proi1uct size from regrinding, mesh 1 I I II I I I

10 100 1,000 10.000 100,000
GRINDING HILL FEED, HETRIC TONS PER DAY

B = (P)Oo699 5.1.2. GRJ~DING

Note: 5.1.3. CONCENTRATING

m~sh is USA-AST~ standard screen size
cm = 2.354(mesh)-10090 501.3.1. FLOTATION
Work indeXES used for this curve are The operating costs from flotation
based on the assumption that BO~ of the plants that are incorporated into the
product will pass a certain size. If basic cost curves include a
the useros requirements are such that representative cross section of the
some other percentage passing a product major metal ores being treated by this
siZe? is desired,. it viII be necessary to method.
obtain or estimate a grain size
distribution curve. For example, if it Due to th€ ~any variables to be found in
is desired to Qrind to 60~ passing a 60 the processing of various ore mineral~.
mesh scr~en. the sieve analysis might the r.ost curves in this section have
show that ~O~ will pass 8 40 mesh heen divided into thr~e s~parate parts

70
so as to more closely follow the millino ......
characteristics of many different
minerals. The reagent usage shown for
the various flotation curves represents
v
the amount used for ores with average ,,/
floatability and grade. The user must /' /'
. ~ :Y'
make a determination as to grade and 11"<> ./
1....
floatability of the ore under
consideration and adjust the reagent /~.. "..
cost accordingly. If the user has ....... ~ ~~
knowledge of the reagent consumption, ... /
R ~
...... ~
then reduce the value of the supplies /'"
cost by the reagent allowance and add I--"
the actual reagent cost. Otherwise, use
11.
~ o,&~
the curves without adjustment to obtain f'#!>#:"
an acceptable cost range. ~o.\)~
......
V 'L • u. "ex)""· -
The processes include only the V 's • ,.DueX)··5IO
conditioning of feed, if required, / 'e·l.lueX)··It'l
operation of float cells, and the 100 ! x ! .. o~ooa
necessary pumping and launder facilities I I I I
for passag~ of the pulp through the 11
lit 1.... 11.100 lID. 000
separation process. For the product Ml!TRlC TONS PElt DAY flOATED
flotation curves, the user shOUld enter
with the tId input to the first 5.1.3.1.1. SINGLE-PRODUCT FLOTATION
flotation only.
5.1.3.1.2. TVO-PRODUCT FLOTATIOI
5.1.3.1.1. SINGLE-PRODUCT FLOTATION
This curve covers the operation of mills
This curve covers the production of a producing two separate and distinct
single bulk concentrate. concentrates.

~he average labor cost is $7.66 per The averag~ labor cost 1s $7.76 per
worker-hour with operators at $8.34 and worker-hour with operators at $8.34 and
laborers at S6.91. laborers at $6.91.

Supplies consist of reagents 47~ and Supplies consist of reagents 56r. and
electric power 5370. electric power 441..

Equipment operation consists of repair Equipment operation consists of repair

parts B9~ and lubrication 11%. parts 89~ and lubrication 11~.

For plants floating products other than

copper-molyhdenum, use 957. of values
obtained from curves.

71
1.', •• ' "., ...

v-io'"
n,'" ./
V It,'" L
/
." /"
~,~.
'/
.p V' ..,... i--"I-" \~~,
~,";"
" ....I..........
1/'"
/'
71 i--'
1-" ...........
i-"'"

I,'" V~~
.,r
V
i--"i-'

--
I.c'"
1,'" ./ ~- / ... ......
./

./
[p: ;...- v .../
../
~ ""
t/ \,tIf. '-'~
t;?' \~ Io-'f' ~o
.' ~ ~df~~ ~.....
s
~
/
"I ~
1" !. . . .'
V
V ~ 'L • 51. 79(X)·· 311
'L ..... to(JC)··,,1
V 's • 1.219(X)0.7IO
's = , ... no)··'" 'e: • ,.Ot2(X),·'61
'e: z 2 ..... '(JC)··ss.
lOO ~ x .!. ItO,OOD
lOa ~ X ~ 100,ODO
II
10 I I I I . .I I,'" 11,0" 1",1"
100 1,000 10,'" I . ., ' " METRIC TONS PER DAY ~LOAT!D
METRIC TONS PER DAY ~LOATED

5.1.3.1.2. TWO-PRODUCT FLOTATION 5.1.3.1.3. THREE-PRODUCT FLOTATION

5.1.3.1.3. THREE-PRODUCT FLOTATION 5.1.3.2. CONCENTRATE THICKENING
This curve covers the operation of ~ills This operation covers only the partial
producing thre~ separate and distinct deWatering of the pulp following
concentrates. concentration and before the pulp moves
on to the filters. Very little labor is
The averaQ~ lahor cost is $7.68 per required durinq this point of the
worker-hour with operators at $8.34 and conc~ntratinq process. The concentratp.
laborers at ~6.91. pulp is considered to contain t2S7.
water.
Supplies consist of reagents 67% and
electric power 33~ The labor cost is based on the use of a
utilityman at $7.95 per worker-hour.
F.quipmpnt operation consists of repair
parts R9% and lubrication 11%. T~e supply curve consists of electric
pow~r only. If flocculants and/or
reaqents are required for concentrate
thickeninq, they do not constitute a
siQnificant cost in the overall
operation. If the user wishes to
include a cost for these additives,
other sourcp. data should be consulted.

Fquipffient operation consists of repair

parts 83' and lubrication 17~.

72
1.... 10 ••• 1
~,

,,'" 1.-,'
~"
~..
11. 1....
,,'.."
->~.
..;:,'''~r
, ....
~i'n
I~O!
__ i-' -
~ ...
...... ~ f--
i 10
b...

...
...:
f ..
v"
.~
"
~~~~....'" ...
~..
~'\\Ot-
1-"
"
§ ~...
.:
§ 10
..
-I':'to'l
,,0: !I;\'
.'
10-'" ~\o~ ...
. ... ...... t.~'\
o,,""'r-- ... --'
.10 YL = .... s.. CX)O.t19
TL • 1.227(lIC)D. ''''
'S ••• OU(K)··""
,,0:
!I;\''''
Vs :II J.113(X)·,"9
= o.anoo G. lt51
... .......
1't: • • • nocx)'· nl Ye
, ~ x .!. ,o,000 S,!X.!)O,ooo

.11 I III I .1 LI .10

I I II I I I I
11 lOO l,Oto 10,000 100.000 10 100 1,000 10,000 10',0"
Ml!TRIC TONS PU DAY THICKENED CONCENTRATE METRIC TONS PER DAY FI LTERED CONCENTRATE

5.1.3.2. CONCENTRATE THICKENING 5.1.3.3. CONCENTRATE FILTR~TION

5.1.3.3. COICE.TRATE FILTRATION 5.1.3.4. LEACHIIG

During the filtration process the water 5.1.3.q.1. CTAIIDE VAT LEACH
in the concentrate pulp is reduced from
125~ to 11~. Unless drying is required, These curves cover the cyanide leaching
this is the last step in producing a of gold and silver ores from the point
concentrate ore product. where the fine-ground ore enters the
first thickener, successive agitators
The labor cost is based on the use of a and thickeners, and finally through the
filter/dryer operator at $1.68 per filter presses. This process does not
worker-hour. cover any reduction of the gold-silver
product. The curves are inclusive of
The supply curve consists of ~lectric the counterrurrent decantation method.
pOWE'r only.
The average labor cost is $7.16 per
Fquipment operation consists of repair Yorkpr-hour with operators at $8.34 and
parts 61~ and lubrication 39~. laborers at $6.91.

Supplies consist of zinr dust S6~, other

reagents 27~. and electric power 11~.

Equipment operation consists of repair

parts 92% a~d lubrication 8%.

Factor:
For carbonaceous ores, incr~ase the cost
of supplies by 8.57. due to the addition
of chlorine for oxidation of the carbon.

73
10,'" If the Ll1 (Liquid Ion Exchange) method
",'" is to be used for metal extraction from
the preonant solution, where 1ump
1-'" '" leaching is practiced. reduce the laLor
",,,,,,,,,, cost by 15~, reduce supplies by 60~, and
increase equipment operation by 45~.
Electrowinning is not includ~d in this

-- ----
'I.~"'"
....11'"!~(
process •
1,0'0
~. J.aG" In LIX extraction. if the ore is finely
'" '" --~ ground and leach~d in pachuca or othpr
.--.; ~
agitator tanks. reduce labor 20~.
",'
supplies 607.. and increase p.quipment
,: 1/'" operation 45~. The cost of hauling to
on
o
u tan's is covered under Section 3.1.1.3.
IDa
~ (Exc8vatior. load and Haul - Overburden
and Waste), crushing under Section
./'
~~aI.:~'r
5.1.1. (Crushing). grindinQ under
~;
':;"~:-'
.. ~ection 5.1.2. (~rindinq), anj hauling
to disposal site by truck under Section

..... / YL • 7a., U(X)·, Ult

Ys
Y
:II 2.J27CX)··919
O.IU(X)O.627
5.1.6.6.
tation) •
(T,onq Distance Tra nspor-

V
:II
E
100 :! X ~ \,000
The averaq€ labor cost is ~7.59 per
10
tot 1,000 10,000 workpr-hour with operators at $8.34 and
METRl C TONS PER DAY laborers at $6.91.

5.1.3.4.1. CYANIDF VAT LEACH S~pplies consist of acid 31~, scrap iron
61r., and electric power 8~.
5.1.3.4.2. DU"P. HEAP OR VAT LEACH
Equipment operation consists of repair
These curve~ cover dump or heap leaching parts 73%. fuel and lube 1~~. and tirps
of pit or·minp. run ore and subseQuent 9%.
precipitation of the metals in the
preQnant solution by passage over scrap 100,000
ferrous metals.
--f-
Initial or~ dumps and subsequent layers
of raw ore placement are not included
here but are in the mining and hauling
sections. Costs included in these f----- - -- -
curves include scarification of dump
surfaces with tractor and long ripper
tooth, removal and reinstallation of
10,000
,to" ./
V -
.. --- r-· .-.
polyethylene distribution piping. ".;;''!)? ----- 1 - - --- r-
~
charging scrap metal into precipitation
.
.,at /' ·1-
cells. and removal and loading out V
precipi ta t€: • .... /
--
i!l
u
For vat leaching. use a factor of 2.5
times the labor and equipment curves
shown. This increase in cost covers the
1,000

~~ - ..-
/
/' -- - -
.- -
-.--- --

---
removal of leached ore from the vats. !-- o~
,/
Costs of placing ore in vats or on ...'
heaps. unle~s placed there by the mining ~~
~~~...
O~ YL = 24,18(X)O.198
operation, or removing heaps must be ,:;'~ l '
Ys = 12.1t9(X)O.735
added and is covered under Section = O.OB7(x)O.95 0

3.1.1.3.
OVerburden
(Excavation. Load
and Waste).
and Haul -
Cost of 100 ./
Y' YE

1 .. 000 .!. x .!. 20~OOO

'K.
1 10,000 100 .. 00
crushing, if required. must be added and LITERS PER MINUTE
$62
is covered under Section 5.1.1.
(Crushing).
5.1.3.4.2. DV~P. HEAP OM VAT LEACH

74
 5.1.3.4.3. URAIIU" ACID LEACH ~a9netic separators is required, the
curve should he entered as many times as
These curv~s are a composite of the required using, in each case, the
current solvent extraction and ion reduced tonnage input to the separators.
exchanqe processes. The curves follow
the ore after fin~-Qrindin9, through the For operation of either induced magnetic
leachinq, extraction, countercurrent or high tension separators, increase
decantation, precipitation, and yellow equipment operation value 'O~ and
cake filter presses. supplies 770. Since the input material
must be dried before passing through
The average labor cost is $7.54 per either of these process separators, the
worker-hour with a foreman at $8.68 and user must include the cost of drying
laborers at 56.91. from Section 5.1.3.8. (Drying
Concentrate).
The supply curve con~ists of reagents
67~ and electric power 33%. NOTE:
High tension or induced magnetic
F.quipment operation consists of repair separation is generally confined to
parts 921. and lubrication 87.. input tonnaoes under 10,000 tid.

10, ... 11,100

./
""
,,"" "
" ./
1-"
~."." ~y
§/
""
"',, l..7
"
"" ,,' "
" 1,,00'
-'
l4"
~ V' " ,," " " ,,'
// " ,,'
..' "" ..V ,,' """
1,000
"
,l1"'~" 7§,....,~~"
i /' 101
" ':- ""
r• ,\,0+
t.<f.t- i " bo!'
.. ~ •r " ,. "" ~~/If~ 0

r( "
Oft 'L 1t,.S1(x,O.519_

. "" " " "'~'/

II
8 Ys = J,I6J<X)O.900
,: ..0:

V· 8
. ,," ,,",,' ,,' , "
'E iii: l.S2lCX)D.682

'100 ~ x.! 6,000

101
./ 10
'
1 DO $9 1 1,000 10,00
METRIC TONS PER DAY
"
5.1.3.4.3. UR~NIUM ACID LEACH ,,'
." o. n.ex)'·'··
TL •
TS ••.• "(,,,0.177

5.1.3.5. "AGNETIC SEPARATIOI "" 'e: ••. n1(x,··n.

101 ~ X .!. 100,000

1
The curves cover only the operation of 1. . I,'D' 10, ... 101,"0
the magnetic separators and slurry METR I C TONS PER DAY

pumps.
5.1.3.5. MAGNETIC SEPARATION
The average labor cost is 57.45 per
worker-hour with operators at $8.34, 5.1.3.6. HEAVY "EDIA SEPARAfIOR
laborers $6.19, and utilitymen $7.95.
These curves cover the cost of
The supply curve consists of electric separating ore minerals andlor waste
power only. material after the crushing process.
The costs follow through the thickener
Equipment operation consists of repair circuit where the desired ore material
parts 88% and lubrication 12%. passes on to a concentrator and the
remaining m~dia returns to the circuit
If a multiple pass of the ore through or on to another process. Equipment

75
operation includes pumps, screens, heavy laborers $6.91.
media cones, conveyors and thickeners.
Fach pass through the circuit is a The supply curve consists of electric
separate operation and should he so power only.
costed. Th~ user must determine the
amount of feed material for each pass Equipment operation 1s composed of parts
through the circuit. 90~ and lubrication 10~.

The average labor cost is $7.82 per If spiral classifiers are substituted
worker-hour with operators at $8.34 and for jigs, the supply curve should be
laborers at $6.91. decreased 3370 and equipment operation
decreased 35".
Supplies consist of the heavy media
(ferrosilicon or magnetite) 84~ and Jf tables ~re used for separation, the
electric power 16~. supply curve should be decreased 30" and
equipment operation decreased 25~.
Equipment operation consists of repair
parts 87~ and lubrication 13~. 1,'"

1O,DOO /'

/'
:/
V
#./
"...-

1,000 /'
V
/'

/
V /
uo

-
"t."/ ./
:tP' I- /' ./

,? ~
~I.~
V
,,~,
~
.... V
V .:: l
~ ......~"o~
100
/ ~/
..~'I.
/
0'
\,.,.~:;;...- YL·7.71SCX>D"t,O

~o~o/
~
Vs. 0.J670)0.731 -
V
~t.~

V
YE • O.29ItCX)O.UI

y I
10 L lOa.! x ! ".000
~ ~ L
V

'k:
'L = n.21(X,O.3l2 10,00
V '5 = O.6ID(X)a.u\
I 1,000

/" '! = O. U2(X)D.110 $&.09

"ETR! C TONS PER DAY

ItOO i x i 10.000

L L ~
10
100 , ,000 10,000 5.1.3.7. GRAVITY SEPARATION
METRIC TONS PER DAY
5.1.3.8. DRYIRG CORCENTRATE
5.1.3.f. HEAVY MEDIA SEPARATION
Drying operations generally use natural
5.1.3.7. GRAYITY SEPARATION gas when and if available; otherwise,
fuel oil is used. Products covered are
Thesp curv~s cover the processing of magnetite, barite, potash, molybdenum,
barite and narnet by the use of jigs, and others.
conveyors, pumps and screens. Water
usage for this operation has been These curves are based on using rotary
assumed at 7.6 m3 (2,000 gallons) per t kiln dryers equipped with dust
of feed material. Alluvial tin, free collectors.
901d, and platinum are also commonly
processed usinq this method. Dredge The average labor cost is $7.56 per
processing of free gold and platinum is worker-hour with operators at S8.34 and
covered in ~E'ction 3.1.2.3. (Dredqino). laborers at S6.91.

The averaqe labor cost is $7.68 per ~upplies consist of natural Q8S 82% and
workf>r-hour with operators at $8.34 and electric power 18~. If fuel oil is used

76
instead of natural Qas, increase that
portion of the curve by 18%.

Equipment operation consists of repair

parts 95~ and lubrication 5~. v
10.008
10.000
.."
V
./
to"
~,,\~
..;:,f
,,- /" /'
1.000
...t;
./'/
'or,,'

'"/~~"
//

"'''
'"
~'
1,000

..
r
..,., ./
V
L.----:~\oy
o,t;
Vl°1I.
.,::;--- ;;;0-
"" ~
.;- --
..)'/
I...." ~
,,"'
, ,,\'?'
LL'" t,(t

,,
10'
/"'"
i
. '" ,iI:
lOO

r
/'
o~;"
~ ""
,:
l/~ ,,~
"'~",'"
YL" 57.IO(X)0.31]
§ 0.';"
? Ys" 7.JUOOO. BS
v • • 1.213eX)0.90]
I'
100 .! x .! 6~OOO
....' 10
100
"'' ' 'L • ,.ISt(X),·5Itl
1,000 10.000

. YS • ,.2760)" U,
VI • 1.'UCX)··sn _
METRIC TONS PER DAY

5.1.3.9. LIMESTONE CLINKER

1
I I'
METRIC TONS PER DAY CONCENTRATe INPUT
5.1.3.8. DRYING CONCENTRATE
5.1.3.9. LIRESTOIE eLIRIEB
These curves cover only the actual
passage of ground limestone through the
kiln and include the operation of the
kiln and the blower cooling of the
clinker.
The average labor cost is $1.15 per
worker-hour with operators at $8.36 and
laborers at $6.91.
Supplies consist of natural gas 85% and
electric pover 151.. If fuel oil is used
instead of natural Qas, increase that
portion of the curve by 18%.
s .! x :!. II,,'"
100 1.'00 I ..... lO ..... 5.1.4. WASTE ARD TAILIRGS DISPOSAL
5.1.4.1. TAILINGS DEWATERING
These curv~s cover the cost of pumping
waste pulp materials from the mill to
the dewaterinQ thickeners.
The average labor cost is S7.43 per
worker-hour with either a laborer at
$6.91 or a utilityman at $1.95 assigned
to this operation. Often, however,
there are no workers assigned full time
to the operation.
The supply curve consists of electric
power 901. and miscellaneous items,
includinq some flocculent, 10%.
Equipment operation consists of repair
parts 91% and lubriCation 9~.

Equipment operation consists of repair If cyclones are used for tails

parts 91% and lubrication 9%. dewaterinQ. the supply cost should be
increased 51"!. and equipment operation
reduced 60%.

77
1, ... and lumber, pipe supplies, and
L" miscellaneous items 25X.
.... 1.-'
~'
F,guipment operation consists of repair
....; v' .. I.-'
parts 83~, fuel and lube 15~ and tires

~ . . v ..",,,,,
~
2".
1. .
.... "... For each 100 m incr~ment of pumpinQ
.... .'" '" distance greater or lesser than the 1 km
..." .... '"
"....... '" ~ase, add or subtract 6.5~ from supply
i o<)~~~ '" '" ",'"
curve.
} '" '"
r• V.... "' .. ~~~"';"'"
Ui~'" o,t.'!'
.: ~~
~ . ;, If the tails flow by gravity to a
8 ~,'~"
....
ponding area, subtract 90~ of power
10
~,
"'~ ~
portion of supply curve and reduce
",'
.;'
'" equipment o~eration by 90r..
........ '" YL ••• .,U(X).· 565

",'" '" 'S • O,lOJeX'·· 797

VI! O.lOJCX)··601
'G,aa u --- --,--r-
'"
11.

",'
lOt i X .i lDO,OOO
~

1
I I I I I
110 1,000 10,000 100, '00

METRIC TONS PER OAY WASTE MATERIAL

1,000 i-':
5.1.4.1. T~ILINGS DEWATERING ~
V
5.1.4.2. TRANSPORT AND PLACE TAILINGS k?'
These curve5 cover the cost of V ~~
transportino the partially dewatered ". V'
~
Vi.-'
tailings to a tailinqs pond. The 100
"to
/ /
V
tailings darn is raised hy the constant
addition of new material. The curves '" ~"&-
./

~~
, ./

are based on the following data:

,/
......- ~
",,0'" V
vV"" ~? o~
Percent solids in slurry = 46~ ..8
.: / ~t.... <.
Specific gravity of slurry = 1.226
15 m = / !}
,:;"'~
Total head 10
/'
Pump efficiency = 80~ ./
~
"""/
./
Pump operation time : 80%
Pumping distance 1 km = V ./

Usinq the above data, the user can

V YL:I: 1.21t9(X)O.SU
Ys :. O.092()C)O.828
=
factor the costs obtained from the V Ye

100
O.DItHlC)o.n'!

.! x .!. lOO~OOO
supply and equipment operation curves to I
100 1,000 10,000 100,000
any set of conditions as follows:
HETRI C TONS PER DAY TAl LI NGS PROCESSED

Factor = (Sa/S)(Ha/H)(E/Ea)(Ta/T)
5.1.4.2. TBANSPORT AND PLACE TAILINGS
Where:
S = Specific Qravity of slurry 5.1.4.3. RITER RECLAftATION
H =- Hearl, total
E = Pump efficiency These curve~ COVer the cost of returning
T =
Pump operatinq time water from the tailings ponds to the
a =
Subscrirt denoting actual mill. In many cases lime and flocculent
c:ondi tit ion~. must ~~ adde~ to settle out the
colloidal particles. The curves are
The averag~ lahor co~t is $7.88 per based on the followinq dat~:
worker-hour with a foreman at $8.68 and
laborers at $6.91. Specific Qravity of fluid = 1.02
Total head = 15 m
~uppli~s ccnsist of electric power 7Sr. rump efficiency = BO~

78
 Pump operating time 80~ = 5.1.6. GENERAL OPERATIONS
Pumping distance = 1 km
5.1.6.1. GENERAL ITEKS -
Using the above data~ the user can COKKUNICATIONS, SAIITATIOI,
factor the costs obtained from the HODSEIEEPI.G, FIRE PROTECTION AND
supply and equipment operation curves to ELECTRICAL
any set of conditions using the equation
~iven on page 229. These curves cover the cost of general
yard vork~ carpentry repair, janitorial
~he averaQ~ labor cost per worker-hour services, plumbing, road grading, ditch
1s S6.91 for a laborer. cleaning, general mechanical repairs,
handling incoming supplies and
Supplies are composed of electric power materials, electrical maintenance and
for the pumps 57%, lime and flocculent repair, and general housekeeping.
33~, and miscellaneous items 107.
The averaoe labor cost is $7.63 per
r.quipment operation consists of repair worker-hour with general laborers at
parts 90r. and lubrication 10~. $6.91. The size of the workforce will
vary from a small crew of one or two
For each 100 m increment of pumping persons working a fractional day to
distance greater or lesser than the 1 km possibly 3 shifts of 50 to 60 persons
base, add or subtract 6.5~ from supply per day.
curve.
Miscellaneous supplies are priced at
1,000 SO.Oll/t.
./
V
Equipment operation is composed of
V l/ repair parts 53~, fvel and lube 30~ and
tires 17~.
100
1/11 V l/
/ ./ 10,010
V
..
."'..
~
V V V- .
I--

b! ~~
,,'-
~V . .. 1,.'
~

~~ " .... ,
10
~'t-
a~ L' ~ ... I.-
.o'
'"u0
V "~?'
. / 't-'"
" g;,~"./ 10" . ~

v/ V
",0:.
1,000

.... V
,'....
.~'
V
,£;..
/ j; .... 1~~~
V/"V/
/ YL := 1.81X1O- 3 (X)O.951
Ys
YE
:=

=
3.02X1O- 3 (X)O.971
1.18XlO- 3 (X)O.930
L
.. .. I.-' ...
.,.......~",.~;~
~
100
100 H]/DAY ..5 X ..5 32S~OOD Hl/OAY ~, a~~"
~"; L'
0.10
$0.09
0.10
10
CUBIC METERS RECLAIMED WATER PER DAY X 10 3
100 1,.00
..' ;'

~1/
~~"'"

5.1.4.3. WATER RECLAMATION .: . . ;

;' ~,,~<t;'
~~.

8 .... , ~
~'

5.1.5. RESTORATION DURING PRODUCTION 10

~

~
Permits are generally required prior to
disturbinQ the Qround surface, and " 'L·l.711(X)··7D'
T• • • • "OCX)l ••
topsoil must he removed and stockpiled
' • • o.,OS(X)··72.
for reuse. The areas surrounding
11. 1 x1 1.... 00.
benefjciation area (plant) must be • I I
planted. It is estimated that 1
100 l"aOG 10 .. 000 "',000
restoration would cost about $5.000 per Ml!TRI C TONS PER DAY MILL FEED
surface hectare.
5.1.6.1. GENERAL ITEMS

79
 5.1.6.2. CO"PBESSED AIR PLANT For beneficiation of ores where a
flotation process is not involved the
The use of compressed air is generally user must estimate the water require-
very low in most beneficiatin~ plants. ments for the system being used, then
If it is reQuired, the compressor has no apply the ccst per m3 cost given above.
operator assigned to it and therefore
only repair labor is chargeable to the 101,'"
operation. Low pressure air is often
used in flctation and high pressure air
is used for controls and oeneral use.
1I,0tt 1/
The labor curve is based on a mechanic
cost of $7.Q5 per worker-hour.
lL
The supply curve consists of electric 1#100 1/
pow£>r only. i
Equipment oreration consists of repair
..•... ,.,'~
parts 71% and luhrication 29% and takes .: 100 ~
into account intermittent compressor 8 l,.I
usage for this type of an installation.
V
100 11 V
~ 'I • e.ltlcx)1.1
1,.1" /'
.
_
~
.,.'
, .- I
10 100 1 •• 00
IS "'/DAY ! lit.! .,0#100 "'/DAY

11,1" 100,'" I .... , ...

.,..,.
-
...
EIl"1\~- J.- ~ .. I" CUBIC METERS PER DAY, MAKEUP WATER
0t..".--

--
,,1I01l
tl't
.;,-
10

~- --
-E lI\f'!";-

io'"
~.,.
.,. .... 1.- 5.1.6.3. WATER SUPPLY SYSTr.~

.,.--;' 5.1.6.4. DRAINAGE AND DISPOSAL SISTE"

-- .,.'"--
I-
... 1-'" .,.
\~':,. These curvps cover the cost of general
.,1-~" drainage control around the
~"
beneficiation area, and are composite
1.. .. averages for this item which includes
culverts. ditches. drains, and sumps.
YL = o... ,a.(X)··'17
Ys • O.O'7CX)O.615
The labor curve is baspd on the cost of
'! Ii 1.n\(x)O.216
laborers at $6.91 per worker-hour.
100 .! x .! lOO,ODD
Supplies consist of 100% miscellaneous
0.11
100 1,000 10,000 100,000 materials.
HETRlC TONS PER DAY MILL FEED
Equipment cperation consists of repair
5.1.6.2. COMPRESSED AlB PLANT parts 53%, fuel and lube 30r. and tires
17'; •
5.1.6.3. VATER SUPPLY SIST!"
NOTE:
The wat~r supply system cost curve is The equipment operation and supplies
based on supplying a certain quantity of curves are Identical and the user should
makeup wat~r to the plant. The total apply the full value obtained to each of
II'ill W8.ter requirement is based on these items.
supplying 2.5 to 4.5 m3 of water per t
of material floated. Makeup water is
estimated a~ 10~ to 40~ of the total
water requirement with reclaimed water
supplyinq the remainder. The cost of
makeup wat~r has been priced at $0.10
per m3 and is the sole component of this
curve.

80
 ·1•I" workforce of 1,800 persons is equivalent
1.M'
/ to S8.50 per person per day. If the
/
calp 1s to be operated on a seasonal
basis dUe to inclement weather, increase
/ I the cost 25 ~.
V /

v.;'~
~ V II.....

u.
11..'.1-""
L
V /
V /
i v' /
/
...E / /
/
~y
~.,~~V'
10 ••••

~'

~ V
,),~
:> ~
//
-
/
/
/
V"
'L • 0.1,,(:0 1 ••
's • 'olnex)l.'
I ••••
/
'I ••• IU(X,I.0 -
V
V 100 .! X .! UO,IOI
I I I I
. /
/
L CN'P OPERATION DAIU COlT

'5 • n. JOCX)" I"

~V
I ... ' II .... I .... 10.! X.! 1.... 0

III!TRIC TONS PElt DAY HI LL ~EED

/ " ••• 5(X)1.·

V 1 .... .! x .! .,000
~.1.6.4. DRAINAGE AND DISPOSAL SYSTEM 10. I I I I I I
10 10. 1,000 1•• 00 ••
5.1.6.5. CARP OPERATION TOTAL DAJ LY MANPOWER

Where conditions such as a remote 5.1.6.5. CAMP OPERATION

location or seasonal operation require
that camp housing (i.e. room and board) 5.1.6.6. LONG DISTANCE TRANSPORTATION
be made available to mill workers, the
daily cost obtained from the curVe 5.1.6.6.1. RAIL TRANSPORTATION
should be used. The user must determine
the averagE daily workforce using the The following table gives th~ cost in
camp in the overall operation under tit-kill to ship materials by rail in
consideration. various sections of the Unite~ States
based on a 100 km haul and Denver rates
This is a daily operating cost and is in in July 1975. To adjust this cost for
addition to townsite capital cost, any haul length, multiply by the factor
Section 6.1.7. Of the daily cost obtained frem the following equation:
obtained frem the curve, 30~ is for
housing and 70% for food aDd lIIess
facilities. The following example
serves to illustrate the Use of this Example:
curve.
To estimate the cost per t-km for moving
Assume a beneficiation operation 100 t of iron concentrate 200 km through
requires an average daily workforce of the Official area:
100 persons. Enter the curve wit.h 100 Denver rate = 1.374
persons and determine a daily cost of Areft factor 2.3 =
$1,168. If 60~ of the workforce require Distance factor = 0.78 (from equation)
room and board and 40~ require only room Therefore:
(i.e. units have kitchens), then: Rate =
1.374x2.3xO.78 2.465 tit-kill =
Total Cost = 2.465x100x200/100 = $493
Cost per day = 1,168(.3)+(.7)(.6») =
$841
~ote that from an economic sta~dpoint
the lower limit is $150 per day (for 10
persons) and the limit above a daily

81
Mate,l .. to
be .hlpped

Mlner.'or.-
Iron concentratl
fluxing IIm••tone
Denver
Rete

u.
1.374
2.143
Mtn-Plic.
Foetor

1.0
1.0
1.0
_Factor

Wee"'"
Factor

1.4
1.1
NA
S._.....
Factor

1.3

..
.1
--
Factor

1.1
1.5
1.1
-.
Factor

1.1
2.3
1.3
Class 10 F = 16.08(X)-O.710

To adjust values for competitive haul

areas us~ It factor of 0.68; to adjust
Send or ,,'Ivel 2.441 1.0 .8 .1 .7 1.1 for nonmountainous areas use a factor of
Industriel ••nd end 0.95; and, to adjust for loads of 23 t
grlvel 2.172 1.0 1.2 .1 .8 1.2
Ceramic or clay 3.021 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.8 or more use a factor of 0.95.
Phosphate rock
Rock aah
1.112
2.164
1.0
1.0
NA
.9
NA
.4 ..
1.6 .B
.B
Example:
·U•• Mlnera. Or. "te and factor. for commodltlea not shown.

The folfowlng map Indicate, the d."gnated factor .,... For a Class 50 haul of 200 ~m in a
competitive area with a load of 25 t:
Factor = 15.P9(200)-o.?O? 0.375 =
Rate =11.61xO.68xO.95x.375 =
4.21 t/t-km.
Total Cost = 4.27x25x200/100 = $214

5.1.6.6.3. VATER TRANSPORTATION

Barge shipment is significantly affected

by the follcwing variables:

Access to a commercial waterway at both

shipping and receiving points, duration
of shipping season, adequacy of dockage
and faci.lities for transfer of cargo,
and tonnage to be moved by waterway.

The data and classifications used for The major cost variables are:
rail transportation are based on U. S.
DepartMent of Transportation, Federal Amount of cargo to be moved (size of
Railroad Administration, ·Carload tow), covered or open hatches, special
Waybill Statistics, Territorial or standard holds, and the possibility
Distribution, Traffic and Revenue by of barge carrying cargo on back haul
Comlllodity Classes." inst~8d of making return trip in
ballast.
5.1.6.6.2. TRUCK TRAISPORTATIOI
Typical rate is $0.006/t-km and if cargo
The following oives the rates per t-km is available for return trip reduce cost
for contract truck transportation in by 40~.
mountainous areas. Three classes have
been designated to cover the value of 5.1.6.6.4. PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION
various materials to be shipped:
Pipeline costs are appreciably affected
Class 35 less than SO.SS/kg by vertical alignment (i.e. number of
elass 50 from SO.aa/kg to S2.20/kg lifts or pumping stations required and
Class 70 qreater than S2.20/kg tyPe of material). Typical rates for
well lubricated nonviscous materials
Th~ noncompetitive 50 kill haul rates are:
based on Denver in July 1975 are:
Few lifts - SO.004/t-km
Class 35 14.76 tIt-kill Several - SO.008/t-km
Class 50 17 .61 tlt-km
Class 70 20.84 tIt-kill 5.2. BEIEFICIATIOJ - ADftIRISTRATIYE
COSTS
"'distances
0 adjust these rates for other haul
where X =
distance in It.• : 5.2.1. GENERAL EXPENSE
Class 35 F = 14.41(X)-O.68Z 5.2.1.1. ADBIRISTBATIYE SALARIES AID
VlGES
Class 50 F = 15.89(X)-O.70.,
expense curve
The general for
beneficiation administrative salaries 5.2.1.3. ADRIIISTRATIYE EQUIP"EIT
and wages is intended to c~ver the OPERATION
supervision and various other
administrative functions required for This curve includp.s administrative
mills of varyin0 sizes. The number of equipment operation expense for vehicles
administrative (salaried) employees such as s~dans, pickups and fl~tbed
varies from 3 to 4 persons workin~ a trucks. The curve components are: tires
sin9le shift in the smaller mills to as 2%, parts 40%, fuel end lube 37~, and
many as 100 or more in the larger mills. repair labor 21~ assumin? the equipment
is used ~01. of its available time.
The breakdown of personnel into various
classifications together wi th the 11,0"
average percentage of cost attributable
V'
to each is as follows:
/'
Classification
~upervision
Percent
31 ~o,
V
Clerical 8 .t-"
..,..~
Engineering 23 1,000 ~o,
/
Assaying & retallurqical 19 ,$,'
o,t'
Purchasing f, Warehousing e /
Safety & First ~id 6 o,"~ 9 /
Security 5
......
;7 ~o,/
V

",0,
Selected median monthly salaries are
follows:
8S
V
0,.

/'
~.:l~~ I;

....t-"'~
no / ./
/ .,..-
~ill Superintendent $2,200 .,?;..;~"o,z V
V
General Maintenance Foreman 1,500 ..:: .... ...,o~

.,........
~..t-
o~
Electrical Foreman 1,500
Plant Engineer 2,000 "'~~ ...
~Q..:;;r
Safety Director 1,600 VV .~
~
Purchasing Agent 1,500 10
L ~'Y
V ~>
NOTE:
The above monthly salaries do not ./ ......~
"':"-- 5.2.1.1. Yl ;< l.Jll(x,O.751
include an allowance for burden. If
these personnel are covered hy the sallie V 5.2.1.2. Ys = O.069(X'O .... ,
5.2.1.3. y~ :c 0.056(X,O.6"

fringe benefits as the mill workers add V 100! X! 100,000

357. to the Administrative Salaries and 1

100 1,100 10,000 101,'"
Wages curve. However, if they are not METRIC TONS PER DAY
cov~red, add only 2~~.

5.2.1. GENERAL EXPENSE

5.2.1.2. ADRINISTBATIYE PURCHASES
The curve for administrative purchases
covers office, engineering, safety and
first aid supplies, and expenses such as
telephone, telegraph and postage, travel
and entertainment, miscellaneous fees,
dues and donations and professional and
computer services when applicable. Also
included are small tool and supply
allowances assumed at 37. of the direct
mill labor.

The curve is apportioned 60~ to

administrative purchases and 40% to
small tools and supplies.

83
84
6. BEJEFICIATIOB CAPITAL COST ESTIRATIOB Regrinding:
F =
O.003357(I)(X)0.702(A-B)
Throu9hout ~ection 6. the user should Where:
note, specifically, the number of shifts r = Factor
per day upon which the capital costs are I =
Work Index (see table in Section
based. Then, for the numb@r of shift~ 5.1.1.)
per day desired, multiply the daily X = Feed size to grinding, cm
tonnaoe by the ratio of the base number P =
Product size from grinding, mesh
of shifts divided by the shifts desired. H =
Product size from regrinding, mesh
Unless otherwise noted, cost is based on
a three-shift operation. A = (,,)0.699
6.1. BEIEFICIATIOB - CAPITAL COSTS

6.1.1. CRUSHING Note:

~e~h is USA-AST" standard screen size
Crushing capital cost is for the cm = 2.354(rnesh)-J·090
acquisition and installation of
~quipment to crush mine run are to fine Work indexes used for this curve are
or~. Crushers, conveyors, screens and based on the assumption that 80~ of the
feeders are the major equipment items. product will pass a certain size. If
The cost is distributed to purc~ased the user's requirements arp such that
equipment 62~, construction labor 21~ some other percentage passin? a product
and construction materials 17~. The size is desired, it will be necessary to
curve cost is b~sed on a three-shift obtain or estimate a grain siz~
operation and on the reduction of a distribution curve. For example, if it
medium ore (Work Index·: 12.0) from mine is desired to grind to 6070 passing a 60
run size to 0.95 cm (3/8"). The mesh screen. th~ sieve analysis might
following factor should be applied foro show that 80~ will pass a 40 mesh
other combinations of hardness and lor .screen. Then 40 mesh would be the
product size: product siz~ to be used in the preceding
factor equations.
F = 0.0799(P)-0.s30(I)
100,000
"'here:
F =
Factor
r = Product Size in centimeters
I = Work Index. (see table in Section
5.1.1.) ~'
,/
6.1.2. GBIHDIRG .'
",- " ,
10,000

.::: " "" -'

/"
Grinding capital cost
acqUisition and
is for
installation
the
of .. ~+",,,

equipment to fine grind are to size for " '+)~,~"

"'~1 '"
beneficiation. Ball mills, rod mills, ~.~~~
"
~. (;

classifiers and cyclones are the major ~;,.v ""

equi~ment items. The cost is 1,000
distributed to purchased equipment 661.,
"-,
~
construction labor 20~ and construction l/ ~
materials 14%. The curve cost is based COST = 9272(X)0.6}2
on a three-shift operation and on the ,/;.
f/ iRlNOING

reduction of a medium are (Work Index = ,,"

COST = ~58J(X)0. 7~9
12.0) from 0.95 cm (3/8") to 100 mesh. 100 ~1 x ~ 1~0,000
By applying the propet factor, below, 101
100 1,,000 10 1 000 lOO,OOO
this curve can also be used to determine METRIC TONS PER DAY THROUGHPUT
regrind cost. The following factor
should be arplied for other combinations 6.1.1. CRUSHING
of hardness andlor material feed size
and/or product size: 6.1.2. GRINDING
GrindinQ:
F =
O.003357(I)(X)0.702(P)0.699

85
 6.1.3. COMCEI!RA!IIG 10 ••••

6.1.3.1. FLOfA!ION
Flotation is divided into elements for II
one-, two-, and three-product processes.
The cost curve covers acquisition and V
installation of slurry pumps, piping,
float cells, and aqitators or /
conditioning tanks.
V
The cost is distributed to purchased V~
equipment 62r., construction labor 26% 1."0
/
and construction materials 12~ and is /
based on a three-shift operation. For //
the flotation processes described below,
the tonnages given refer to the daily .:: . .V
mill feed into the first
process.
flotation .
.:
/
The curve is for a single-product
flotation process and is valirl from 100
§ V fLOTATION .AS!. CURVE
SEE: TEXT fOR AP'PLICATIOH
COST. U,'ltl(X)··JU

to 40,000 tid of material floated. / liD! X ~ toO, DOD

,ACTOR '"01 SIH5LE, TWO,

OR THRI!I!~PRODUCT
fLOTATlOH
For two-product flotation (other than 111
copper-molybdenum) the curve range is ltO 1,010 10.000 100.110
from 100 to 40,000 tId floated and METRIC TONS PeR DAY FLOATED

should be multiplied by the following

factor: 6.1.3.1. FLOTATION
Factor = 1.616(X}-0.040 6.1.3.2. COMCEITRATE THICKENING

Where: This cost covers acquisition and

X = t/rl of material floated installation of thickeninQ equipment
only. The curve is based on the tId
For . two-product (copper-molybdenum) output of thickened concentrate.
flot~tion the curve range is from 10,000
to 100,000 tId floated and should be The cost is distributed to purchased
multiplied by 1.934. equipment 6R~, construction labor 17~,
and construction materials 151. and is
For three-product flotation the curve based on a three-shift operation.
range is from 100 to 40,000 tId floated
and should be multiplied by the The capital cost curve is based on a
following factor: settling area of 1.1 m~/t (11 square
feetlUS ton). Typical settling areas
Factor = 1.961(X)-0.056 for various mineral concentrates are as
follows:
Where:
X = t/rl of material floated Settling Area
Mineral Concentrate !!I 2 /t

~l~aline leached uranium 1.30

Copper concentrate (average)
Molybdenum concentrate
Cobalt-nickel sulfides
Lead and silver concentrates
Tin concentrate
Gold tellurides

Zinc concentrate 0.40 to 1.00

Acid leached uranium
Molytdenum sulfides
Copper tailings

86
 Nickel sulfide concentrate 2.50 to 4.00 concentrate.

Uranium precipitate 5.00 to 12.50 The cost is distributed to purchased

equipment 66~, construction labor 21%,
Manoanese sulfide 40.00 to 60.00 a nOd construction 18aterials 13~ and is
based on 11 three-shift operation.
Iron concentrate 0.02 to 0.08
11."1
To adjust the capital cost for settling
areas differing from the base value of
1.1 mZ/t, multiply the curve cost by on~
of the following factors: v
l/
For settlino areas greater than 1.0
1112/t. )/
Factor = 0.923(X)O.775 1.'00 '"
V
...
For settlinQ areas less than 1.0 m2 /t. =
.
.... ~/
1.1

/
§
Where:
X = Settling area in m2/t III
V
/
/
10, ••• V
,
COST = U.I72(X)Oo550
5 .! x .! 30,000
II
1 10 UI 1.... 10.000 101.000
1.11'
.; '" METRIC TONS PER DAY ~ILTERED

V
6.1.3.3. CONCENTRATF. FILTRATION
V 6.1.3.'. LEACHIRG
V
[/V'
100 teaching is divided into elements for
.:: ./
cyanide vat leach. dump/heap/vat leach
.. V and uranium acid leach. Costs are for
acquisition and installation of leach
/v circuit ° equipment. Major items of
V ~quipment are pumps. thickeners.
10
v agitators. filters and front-end
loaders.

6.1.3.4.1. CIA.IDE 'AT LEACH

COST • ItU2(X)O. Ult
The cost covers acquisition and
s .! x .! ]0,000
installation of thickeners. vats.
1 I I II I I I
1 10 lOa 1.000 1O.OOD 100.000 agitators. Rnd all pumps through the
METRIC TONS PER OAY THICKENED CONCENTRATE filter presses. The cost is distributed
to purchased equipment 62~. construction
6.1.3.2. CONCENTRATF THICKENING labor 26%. and construction materials
12r, and 1s based on three shifts per
6.1.3.3. CORCERTRATE FILTBATIOR day.

This cost covers acquisition and

installation of concentrate filtration
equipment only. The curve is pased on
the output (tId) of filtered

87
10,000 10,000

~ ,/

/ /'
V
v v ./
,/
1,000
r 1,000
./
V ~
V

'"o V V
>< ><

...
o'"
u

COST = "S,]27(X)O ... !1t COST I: 1l,716CX)·,sn

100 .s X ! ",000 1,000 .! X .! 20,000

100 100
100 1,000 10,000 1,000 18,000 lOO,OOO
METRIC TONS PER DAY LITERS CYCLED PER HI NUTE

6.1.3.4.1. CYANIDF VAT LEACH 6.1.3.4.2. DUMP, HEAP OR VAT LE~CH

6.1.3.4.2. DU"P, HEAP OR VAT LEACH 6.1.3.4.3. URAIIU" ACID LEACH

~he cost covers acquisition and The cost covers acqUisition and
installation of dump dozer, pu~pinq installation of thickeners. agitators,
systems, front-end loaders, vats, pumps and filter presses. The
precipitaticn vats and precipitation cost is distributed to purchased
equipment. The cost is distributed to equipment 65~, construction labor 24~,
purchased equipment 94~. construction and construction materials 11~ and 1s
labor 6~. and construction materials based on thr~e shifts per day.
1 Or. •.

In order to arrive at a capital cost for

10,000 .
placinq or removing ore from heaps or
vats. the user must add the applicable
costs covered under Section 4.2.5. (Mine
:quipment Capital Cost. Surface
rcinin7). If crushing is required. the
cnpital cost of crushing equipment must ,/
te added. Refer to Section 6.1.1.
/~
(Crushing). The costs are hased on //
thr~e shift~ per day. //
1,000

If leaching vats are rpquired, the cost

will be an additional $22.50 per t .,-/ /
capacity. distributed 44Y. to .. //

construction labor
construction materials.
and 56~ to
Heap leaching
.
==
//
pad cost is an additional $5.60 per t of 0-
V
ore. distributed 28~ to construction S //
labor and 72% to construction materials. COST = ~~S.'(X)1.0
'too:! x .! 6,000
The user must determine the num~er and 100 I I I
laD 1,1" 11,101
capacity of vats or pads, bearing in
METRIC TONS PER DAY
mind that while some are in use. others
will be out of service for cleaninq or
loading and unloading of materials. 6.1.3.4.3. URANIUM ACID LEACH

88
 6.1.3.5. ""RETIC SEPARATION each circuit rather than using the
combinpd ca~acity.
The costs are for acquisition and
10,000
installation of the maQnetic circuit
equipment. ~ajor items of equipment are
maqnetic separaters, screens and pumps.
The cost is distributed to purchased
~quipment 62~, construction labor 261.,
and construction materials 1270 and is
/
based on three shifts per day.
/'
/'
If hiQh tension or induced maQnetic '"
",-'
separation circuits are to be added,
increase th€ curve cost by 83~. 1,000 ,,'",-'
",'"
NOTE: -'
High tension or induced magnetic -'
~/
separation is generally confined to
input tonnaQes under 10,000 tid. " " -'
.. v/

II, ...
$2°'7 S
COST = 2763(X)0.758
~O\~ x ~ IO'rOO
./ lOO I
lOO 1,000 10,000
/
.. v HETR!C TONS PER DAY

6.1.3.6. HEAVY MEDIA SEPARATION

/
V
I,'" 6.1.3.7. GRAVITY SEPARATION
..:: V
./
./

Gravity separation costs are for the

" acquisition and installation of
..
§
/
1/ equipment for the gravity separation
process. Major items of equipment are
I ..
./
/ jigs, screens, conveyors and pumps.

./ The cost is distributed to purchased

equipment 62~, construction labor 26:T"
and constructi~n materials 12% and is
~ased on one shift per day.
COST :I: 12,..CX)O •• ltl

100 ~ x .! 100,000 If separation is to be made with

II
lot l r 'OO lG,IOO lot,OOO Humphrey Spirals, multiply the cost
METR I C TONS PER DAY curve value by 2.AO. The resultinq cost
would then be 1istributed to purchased
6.1.3.5. MAGNETIC SEPARATION equipment 65%, construction labor 24~,
and construction materials 1'~.
6.1.3.6. HEAVY REDIA SEPARATION
If separation is to be made with tables,
~eavy media separation costs ar~ for the multiply the cost curve value by 5.00.
acquisition and installation of the The resulting cost would then be
heavy media circuit equipment. Major distributed to purchased equipment 65~,
items of equipment are heavy media construction labor 241, and construction
cones, screens, conveyors, pumps, J!Iaterials 11%.
thickeners and magnetic separaters. The
cost is distributed to purchased
equipment 6470, construction labor 23r.,
and construction materials 13~ and is
based on three shifts per day.

The user must determine the number of

Circuits to he use~ and the capacity of

89
 $1,0",50'
1,000 10,'01
",'"
",'"
1;"
",'"
",'"

'"
~'"
,,/

",'"
",'"
",/
1,000
./
..
. . '"
",'"

100
/' >C

V ..... ~.
'"o .. '
>C
....
.,
.
~
101

COST = 203leX)0. 755

100 $. X $. _,0 00
ID
1 1 I
100 1,000 10,000
METRIC TONS PER DAY COST = 33,~39(X)O.339
S'sX.5.JO,OOO
l'
I 100 1,000 10,000 10.# . . .
6.1.3.7. GRAVITY SEPARATION
METRIC TONS PER DAY - DRYER FEED

6.1.3.8. DRYING COICENTRATE

6.1.3.8. DRYING CONCENTRATE
Prying cost~ are for the acquisition· and
installation of equipm~nt for this 6.1.3.9. LIftESTONE CLINKER
portion of the beneficiation process.
~ajor items of equipment are kilns and Limestone clinker costs are for the
convpyors. The cost is distributed to acquisition and installation of the
purchased pquipment 66~, construction clinker equipment. ~ajor items of
l~bor 23~, and construction materials equipment are kilns, fans and conveyors.
11% and is hased on thr@e shifts per The cost is distributed to purchased
nay. ~quipment 68~, construction la~or 23'",
and construction materials 9~ and is
base~ on thrpe shifts per day.

90
 10,0" steel pipe) 28~. and installation labor
16~ and is based on three shifts per
day.
/v 1',0"

V
/ :".....
V'

•, y V //

1,'"
/' //
/ 1,000
~r.
,/ ...,..y
~
'"
. /

. /
~.... ,-\~.....

.: d7
....~" V'17
"c.t-

,.:
8
8 iPr.
...
......
I
.:~"
~o ,,-
0";';;-
110 ./ \ ... :!.;.
';:-
COST' 23, BOOeX)o. 630
",/
, TAl LiNerS DEVAUItNC
100 .! X .! 6,000
COST. '55.,eX)'··'·
V~v
100 taO .$. x.i 100,000
100 1,000 10,1"
METRIC TONS PER DAY TRANSPORT AND PLACE TA-ILlteS

COST z 25S0(X)O ... I.

100 ~ x~ 100,000
6.1.3.9. LI~ESTONE CLINKER It
110 1,000 10,000 100,000

6.1.'. VASTE AID TAILIMGS DISPOSAL METRIC TONS PER DAY FEED

6.1.4.1. TAILINGS DEWATERING 6.1.4.1. TAILINGS DEWATERING

The cost curve shown is for the 6.1.4.2. TRANSPORT AND PLACF. TAILINGS
acquisition and installation of
equipment required for dewaterinQ the 6.1.4.3. VATER BECLAftATION
tailings. Major items of equipment are
thickeners and pumps. The cosb is The cost curve shown is for the
distributed to purchased equipment 68~. acquisition and installation of the
construction labor 19%, and construction equipment and materials required to
materials 13~ and is based on three return decanted tailing pond water to
shifts per day. the mill. "'he two major items included
o
in the curve are pumps and steel pipe.
6.1.4.2. TRIRSPORT AND PLACE T1ILIIGS The pipe has been sized so that the
total head loss for any quantity is 15
The cost curve shown is for the m. The pipeline length has been taken
acquisition and installation of the as 1 km. For other lengths, use the
equipment and materials required to fo1low1no factor:
transport tailings in a slurry to a
tailinQs disposal pond. ~ajor items F = L/1
included in the curve are pumps,
cyclones, and steel pipe. The pipe has Where:
been sized so that the total head loss F =
Factor
for any quantity is 15 m. The pipeline L= Len'lth in km
lenQth has teen taken as 1 km. For
oth~r lengths, use the following factor: The cost is distributed to purchased
equipment 17~, materials (including
F = L/1 steel pipe) 55~, and installation lator
28r. and is based on three shifts per
Where: day.
F = Factor
L =
Len'lth in 1I.m NOTE:
For the tYPE of installation 1escribed
The cost is distribut",(i to purchased above, the minimum cost can be expected
equipment 56~, materials (including to remain constant in the range below

91
 2,000 m3 /d. If a subcontractor is used, multiply
labor by 1.50, supplies by 1.20, and
1,000 equipment expense by 1.20 to compensate
for subcontractor's markup.
1,000

V
./ 1/
100 I
j...-
,/ /
>C
.. 10
./

I
V
V

/
/
100

i--
/
COST = 392.9(X)O.SI9
2,000 .! X ! 325,000
L

!J.10
-
.j..
0.10 10
COST

100
= 20,300
!"OR X .! 2,000

1,008
...
:
1/
lL
CUBIC METERS PER DAY X 10 3
~ V
8 I
6.1.4.3. WATER RECLAMATION

6.1.4.4. EARTHFILL DIKES AND S~ALL COST := 2Z.9J2(X)O.UQ

5,000 .! )( !:. 5;)0,000
DA~S
10
10 100 1,0 00
Dikes and/cr small dams use1 to contain CUBIC METERS OF EMBANKMENT X 10'

wast£' and. tailings disposal va ry with

th@ terrain ann materials to be used ann 6.1.4.4. EAFTHFItl DIKES AND SMALL OAMS
must meet the regulations for small dam
construction. No allowance has been 6.1.5. SITE PREPARATION
mad0 for transporting or purchase of
5uita~le fill material. If these costs 6.1.5.1. CLEARING
are uot a part of other mining and/or
millinry operations, then ~he user must The curve for clearing is based on
determine either the cost of fill estimated ccsts for medium light growth
material or may use $0.20 per m3 of on terrain with a side slope of 207. to
emtankment. Transportation cost may be 507. Estimate one tree, 0.33 m in
calculated using Section 3.1.4.5. (Lonq diameter, ~er 40 m2. The clearing rate
Distance Transportation). for the ar~a encompassing the
heneficiating plant and support
Cost is nistributed 58% construction facilities is based on the equatio~:
labor. 2% construction materials (fill
material net includ~d), 15% tires and Y = 0.153(X)O.678
25~ fuel and lUbe.
~here:
Where it
is necessary to purchase Y = ClearinQ Rate (ha/d)
~quirmpnt Dr have a su~ccntractor X = Total Clearing Area (ha)
perform the work, multiply the equipment
operation value by the following The above equation is valid between the
applicable factor in or~er to ohtain the X limits of 1 to 500 ha. Abovp 500 ha
total valu~ of equipment expensp for the costs are expf>cten to remain
ownership aliO operation: constant.•

Shifts p",r Day 1 7 3 For light clearing consistinq mainly of

Factor 2.05 1 • 79 1.70 brush and sm,-,_ tre'i"s the costs should
be reducert 75~ from thoGe shown for

92
medium clearing. For heavy clearinQ the 10,000
cost should be increased 75~ over those
shown for medium cle~ring.

For terrain on level to 20~ side slopes,

costs should be reduced by 20~ from --
those shown. For terrain over 50~ UP to
100% side slope, costs should be . 1,000 --- - --
increased 20~. On rocky slopes and
slopes over 100% the costs should be u
!
LA80R
l-- ~--
---
increased 2 to 3 times.
!
L
.... ..._- --- --- --- --- - - EQUIPMENT OPERATION
--- --- - -
The average labor cost for a composite
clearing cre~ is $7.30 per worker-hour
.8
.:
with laborers at $6.91. 100 - SUPPLIES
--- --- - - ---
= 1129(X)-0.107
Supply costs are 651 fuel oil for YL

burning and 35~ for tools, cable, Ys • 101.6CX)-0.031

chokers, etc. YE = US.3(X)-0,0~9

1 .i x .!. 500

Fquipment operating costs are 7570 for 10

II I I I
dozers and 25~ for trucks, pickups and 1 10 100 1,000

saws. HECTARES

EQUIPMENT OFF.RATING C05T DI5TRIBUTION 6.1.5.1.CLEARING

DESCRIPTION REPAIR FUEL TIRES

P~RTS (; I.USE 6.1.6. UTILITIES AND FACILITIES
Crawler Dozers 707- 3 or.
Other Equipment 33~ 63" /.fro 6.1.6.1. VATER SUPPLY SISTE"
Where it is necessary to purchase The cost shown is for the acquisition
equipment or have a subcontract~r and installation of equipment for supply
perform the work, multiply the equipment and storage of both fresh water and mill
operation value by the following water. ~ajor items of equipment are
applic~ble factor in order to obtain the pumps, piping and water tanks. The cost
total value of equipment expense for is distrihuted to purchased equipment
ownership and operation: 70,", construction labor 17"" and
construction materials 137. and is based
Shift s per Day 1 2 3 on a three-shift mill operation.
Factor 1.75 1.56 1.50

If a subccntractor is used, multiply

labor by 1.50, supplies by 1.20 and
equipment expense by 1.20 to compensate
for subcontractor's markup.

93
I ..... I', •••
V
V
--'
V
V
i,.-' i."
I, ...
1/ 1,'"
V-
/ ./

'"
V . ...
..
==
Vi.'
/"
...
==
V
V
/' ./
V
,'- V
I ••
1-' 1.1 V
--'
10'
~

V" COST • SIS. teX)O. 7_2 l-

COST. 5SU(X)' ., ...
r-
I.
V "I .! X .! 110,110
100 .!

I I
x .! 100,000

I I
I .. 1,'" 11,001
Ml!TItIC TONS I'I!It DAY MILL ,UD .
1•• ,'" "•
1 1 00'
M~TRIC TONS peR DAY
lO 000 lOO,.O.

6.1.6.1. WATER SUPPLY SYSTE" 6.1.6.2. ELECTRICAL SYSTE~

6.1.6.2. ELECTRICAL SISTER 6.1.6.3. "ILL BUILDINGS

The cost shown is for the acquisition The cost shown is for the mill building
and installation of the main substation, or huildings, erected on cleared land.
yard distribution. lighting. and
com .. unications for the mlil. ~ajor This cost curve is based on a
items of equipment include transformers. one-product mill and includes foundation
switchgear, power lines. and telephone and floor excavation, concrete floors
syst~.. Telephone service is based on a and footings, prefabricated and erected
complete telephone system with steel buildinqs, subfloor electrical and
installation by an outside agency. The mechanical work, interior lighting,
cost is distributed to purchased and floor gratinqs and supports, insulation
installed equipment 71~, construction ftnd concr~te block control and
labor 20'", and construction Materials 9~ instrument room. Normal mill repair
and is based on a three-shift _ill shop equipment and overhead cranes are
operation. included.

The cost is distributed to purchased

building and eguip- ment 55".,
construction labor 28%, and construction
materials 17~ and is based on '8
three-shift mill operation.

"actors:
For a two-product mill floatinq from 100
to 40,000 tId. the base curve should be
increased 297..

For a copper-molybdenum (two-product)

mill floatinQ from 10,000 to 100,000
tId. the base curve should be increased
35".
For a three-product mill floating from
100 to 40,000 tId, the base curve should
be increased 357..

94
 If fine ore bins are to be included the sa.e facilities the user must determine,
added cost maJ be calculated as follows: usinQ a knowledge of the require.ents,
what can be jointly used and how .uch,
~dded Cost = 218.67(X)o.?ge if anJ, increase to the cost aust be
.8de for jOint U88ge. The cost 1s based
Where: on a three-shift .i11 operation.
X = "ill reed in tId
The following distribution oives the
To insulate fine ore bins add $2 per tId percentaoe allocation of total costs
of .111 feed. 8pplicabl~ to the offices and laboratory
Cost facilities:
The mill buildinos are based on weather
requirements for the Denver area and the Cost Co.ponents Offices Lab 's
cost may be reduced 5~ for more aoderate
areas or increased 5~ for aore severe ~uildings and Fixtures 37J 7~
areas. Erection t Installation 1~~ 3~
Excavation and Concrete 15~ 3~

iI." Equipment 13~ 8~

I
..... ,,10-'
V ./ "
./
/ /
V V
./
100'

/ ./
,I
V V
~ ....

•
... V
1...
!/
L ,/
V
... ~
::
..
•
V '"::
.,:
I /
.
MILL 'UII.OIMS US. t_
III TIlT I'0Il APl'LlCATIOII
...•

.. V
COlT • 7UseX)··11I

•1..
1.. SXS1......
I II I I
.......
I

...
11
I....
1
_ , • ".tUCK'"

..I.! . ! '",'''

11 ....
I I
us

I I
......a
IlETalt TOIlS PO DAY MILL rllD
6.1.6.3. "ILL BUILDIMGS
6.1.6.'. OFFICES AID LA808AtOlIES 6.1.6.4. OrFICES AND LABORATORIES
The cost shovn for offices and 6.1.6.5. VEHICLES
laboratori@s includes construction of
oeneral offices, enoineerino and safety The costs shown are for the service
offices, and laboratories, includlno vehicles assiqned exclusively to the
furnishinos as veIl as all necessary mill. "ajor items of equipMent include
assay and metalluroical equip.ent. The pickup and flatbed trucks, hydraulic
cost is based on steel huildino cranes, front-end loaders, fork lifts
construction. The buildlnqs are based and SMall dump trucks. The costs are
on veather require~ents for the Denver h8se~ on a three-sbift mill operation.
8.rea and the cost lIay be reduced 5l for
more 1I0derate areaS or increased 5~ for
more severe areas. If the mlne and
henetic~ation plant are to share the

96
1,00
° 10,00
°
I-'
,/
/'
./
V 1,000

V
'"o
V l---'
V/ ",'"

I--' i' ...'

~
v'"
./ o
IDa u 1,..'"
l...
7 100
~.'"
/ lo" '"
,.",'"
.....
..,..;
","
COST = 973.8(X)0.5S7-

10 ~ X ~ 10,000
10
100 10,000 100,000
METRIC TONS PER DAY MILL FEED
COST = 11,39I(X)0.35~

~OO ~ XI ~ looioo~ ~ 6.1.6.6. MISCELLANEOUS

10
100 1,000 10,000 100,000
METRIC TONS PER DAY MILL FEED
Streets (5.5 - 7.3 m wide 5 cm
6.1.6.5. VFHICLES asphalt or 7.5 cm gravel,
limited curbing)
6.1.6.6. "ISCELLAJEOUS EQUIPftEJT $270.00
Patios and walks
The costs shown are for nondefined $250.00
equipm@nt that may be included in some Sewers - connected to trailer
operations anrl exclud~d in others. $210.00
Items in this category would be Water - connpcted to trailer
instrumentation, communjcations, $240.00
emerQency li9htinq, standby 9€nerators Electrical - yard liqhting and
and special purpose equipment. This 80 amp service connection to
curve was established as 5~ of the cost trailer
of utilities ani facilities excluding $460.00
the mill huildinqs item. Laundry and recreation
building
$770.00
6.1.7. TOWIfSITE
Total Typical Si te Cost S2,P.OO.00
The followinq housing costs are hased on
using trail~rs in a fairly level and
In addition, the following accessories
accessible site containing between 75 may also be required:
and 125 units. (For 40 to 60 units,
increase ccsts by 10~: for 150 to 250
Skirting at base of trailer
units d@creas€ costs by 10~). These S200.00
costs are quoted per individual trailer ~andings and steps
nnd may bp factored by the BLS
$150.00
Industrial ~aterials Cost Index. Canopies OVEr landings
$150.00
Site costs for family or bachelor unit: Air conditicning - using
existing heater
Site preparation $600.00
(typical area 250 m2 )
$600.00

96
Housinq trnits The total design, engineering and
construction management f~e curve is
FaMily units with living, dining. based on a sinQle firm performing both
kitchen, bath and sleeping facilities tasks. The other- two curves are based
for 2 adults and 2 to 4 children: on different firms performing each task.
$17,000.00
10, ...

Type A bach€lor units with living,

dining, kitchen. bath and sleeping /
facilities for 2 persons:
$7,000.00
,/
V V."
"
~"
"
Type B bachelor units with bath and
sleeplnQ facilities for 6 persons: ~"I ~
~~ "" ~~
(>'<i
j'
_" ,,' ,,"
i'
~,.

$14,000.00 ...~~~ L' ~,

.......:."" +(> t ,,"
For type B bachelor units, add for each .,o;':fj,.f t~~'

~~'
1 to 6 units, $50,000.00 for camp
livin9, dining and kitchen facilities. ...,~(> 'l;9~"
For each additional type R bachelor unit ,+.,.,; ,<i'. ~"
+~ ",.,.. IV'",~"
add $3,500 to the $50,000 amount. 101 .,
.",.,L. ...,os
6.1.8. RESTORATIOI DUBIIG CORSTBOCTION ..:: ~
"/
P~
,.
Cl
..~

Permits are generally required prior to

disturbing the ground surface, and
>C

...,,; / r:/,,' " ,/

topsoil must be removed and stock- piled

for reuse. The ~rea around 10
~/ ,,"
heneficiation plant ~ust be planted. It i'
is estimated that restoration would cost
about S5,000 per surface hectare.

6.1.9. ENGINEERING AND

.
CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTlON MAHAGEtoENT FEE
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING P'EE
TOTAL DESIGN, EN'INEERI~ AND
= O.090(X)o.glt.
= •• "7(0)··196

• CONSTRUCTION MANAGEtENT FEE .: O• .\15(X)O,911t

"ANAGEflENT FEES 100,000 ~ x~ 100.000,000
1
100 1,000 10,000 100,000

The curves arA based on percentage of NET CONSTRUCTION COST X 103

net constructed cdst anrt the complexity

of the project. Over the years, 6.1.9. ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION
~ngineerinq experience has establishe1 lHNAGFMENT FEES
some approximate correlations between
engineering and construction costs and 6.1.10. WORKING CAPITAL
these correlations have resulted in the
curves presented herein. ~he curves for Working capital needed for a millinq
design and engineering services fees are operation is a variable factor that
based on ASCE - Manuals and Reports ~n cannot be tied to mill production and
FnQineering Practice No. 45. cost curves only. Basically, it is the
Construction management fees are not as capital required to meet payrolls, pay
well establishpd, but have been based on bills for material inventory, product
the practices of several firms engaged inventory, and to carry accounts
in this type of construction management. receivable until ore sales produce
revenue to r~y for these items.
The net construction cost is the sum of
the group cost for Sections 6.1.1. Working capital is estimated as 60 days
through 6.1.8. of operatinQ and administrative costs.
For beneficiation, the working capital
Factors for escalation, location, etc., needs are ~reater on maintenance and
should not be app~ied to thA design and parts labor and on utility costs, while
engineering fee and only a factor for repair parts and operating labor are
remote and/or inclement locations should relatively lower. Support materials
be applied to the construction such as reagents, thickeners and various
manaQement fee. additives are factors affectinq this
itp.m.

97
88
7. SAMPLE PROBLEMS

7.1. GENERAL

The sample problems shown in this section are intended as a guide

to the user of the handbook and are n2~ intended to represent any
existing or proposed mine or beneficiation plant. These exaaples
also are n21 intended to indicate good aininq or beneficiation
methods, but rather to show how soae of the handbook curves,
factors and the user's judgement may be used in arriving at cost.
All units of input used are in the metric system, except for
manufacturers' sizes, which are given in the United States
system. Input costs are in July 1975 dollars.

All output costs, unless otherwise noted, are based on escalation

to average 1976 using the following factors. (See Section 2.8.,
·Cost Indexes" for July 1975 basic indexes.) All costs are
rounded to the nearest dollar.
No. Item Escalation
1. Kine & Plant Labor 1.090
2. Construction Labor 1.068
3. E~uipment & Repair Parti 1.074
4. Bits & Related Steel 1.094
5. Timber & Lumber 1.184
6. Fuel 1.068
7. Powder & Blasting Agents 1.056
8. Tires 1.088
9. Construction Materi~ls 1.111
10. Industrial Materials* 1.065
11. Transportation 1.065
* Use for items not otherwise covered.
Where NL", "Sh and "E" are used in calculation sheets the}
indicate Labor; Supplies, Materials, Luap Sua Entries,
Installation, Erection or Other CostS) and EQuipaent Operation or
Purchase.
Three sample problems, a surface mine, a beneficiation plant and
an underground mine are illustrated. The surface aine uses
multiple labor cost and escalation factors, the beneficiation
plant uses a sinole average labor cost and multiple escalation
factors and the underground mine uses average labor cost and
shifts from the handbook (i.e. mine is located in Denver cost
area) and multiple escalation factors.
An example of crushing multiple feed quantities and product sizes
has been included. A similar approach may also be used for
grinding multiple feed quantities, feed and product sizes.
7.2. SUBFACE KINE - OPERATING COST - BASIC DATA
Pover:
SO.0294/kW-h average for 1976
Clearing:
0.2 hald, light, < 20~ side slope
$10.73/hour average labor cost
Overburden and Waste:
38,000 tId at 46 m depth
550 • at 8% and 2380 II level haul
tabor Costs:
$10.25/hour average- Drill & Blast
$10.79/hour average - Excavation, Load & Haul
Equipment:
9 cy Shovel
85 ton Trucks
Rotary Drilling
Core Drilling:
4.6 ~/d at S62/m +
1.5 assays per day at SS each =$293/d

tlining of Ore:
20,500 tId at 46 II depth
550 )I at 8% and 370 1!1 level haul
tabor Costs:
$10.25/hour average - Drill & Blast
$10.79/hour average - Excavation. toad & Baul
Restoration:
0.1 hald at SS,OOO/ha
General Labor Cost:
S10~11/hour average

Drainage and Disposal:

250 eu mId at 48 ~ head
Camp Operation:
150 persons~ 60r. requiring rooa and board and 40~ requiring
rooll only
Ad~inistrative Burden:
2Sr.

Administrative Equipment Usage:

BOr.

100
 7.2.1. SUMMARY OF ITE" COST~

SlWARY OF 'TD1 ~TS

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 7.2.2. C1LCUL1TIOI SHIlTS

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103
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Oper~~I~~ ~~_~O~~+~$ _____________ GIIOUP' ~. I ITE"' _ _ _ _ 1

s. ,; \ .~. COl""e tk, \ \ \,,~

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104
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106
7.3. SURFACE KIKE - CAPITAL COST - BASIC DATA
All work is subcontracted where applicable on a 5 day, 1 shift
schedule.
Exploration:
Color Aerial Photograph - 40 Sq km
Airborne Magnetic Survey - 500 line ta
Airborne Radioactive Survey - 500 line ka
Airborne Electromagnetic Survey - 500 line km
Access Roads:
10 II vide, 8 km lono
Standard clearing. 25" side slope
50:C in si to r·ock
S11.50/hour average lobar rate
Clearing:
250 ha, light, < 20X side slope
$10.73/hour averaoe labor cost
Overburden and Waste:
81,600 tId, 29,000,000 t waste
550 II at 8~ and 2380 II level haul, pit 46 II deep
Labor Cost:
$10.25/hour average - Drill t Blast
$10.79/hour average - Excavation, Load & Haul
Equipment:
9 cy Shovel
85 ton Trucks
Rotary Drilling
Mine Plant and Buildings:
58.500 tId ore and vasto

Railroad Construction:
9.65 ~m spur line
Drainage System:
250 cu mId at 48 II head
Townsite:
50 Type A Bachelor Units
25 Type B Bachelor Units
50 Family Units
Restoration:
10 ha at S5.000/ha
Enoineerino Fe~ only

106
 7.3.1. SUMMARY OF ITER COSTS

,SS.3-0~
II
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... ,," ••"." . ..,......... ...... ~~T'" -:R.lU..-a "~!'irJP4" .~ ..d.I:J...L...£a.:!.tflj..J:U.l'_I!.la.I.-.~ 1.02.t1tfl- .. ~~.1,AUJII ~
•. t.l. t. f.U•• ' ..... ~........."".......UII""'''.'fl~''_ .a.!U.!.... • .&:~J~:1.Lf\~ •.t,!l.."\!1 ~I( C,I!It&",lto"!''Z. .~I ~.!-t~a;~I~~IC'.09&..~ ~
".1.1. ..,. " ' ' ' ' " ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ...'fI ........."T. TO'&\. COIf r _UI!82' ."~
,.~ .~

l ...n 6 1"J1 1.40.61_1 1.0'$1.\"'101 116n.40~

... t.t.l. ..". .......... cO'llflucU", " .... ~

~. 1:.aa(LI~al!ll'

----,
• \.l!JUlJ l.UU2L.
... t.J.',1

".'.1.'.1
·111·

'1,,·
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"~
..-0.
~ .. loa·
'--
.~ ~

•. !.: •. I.
. ,.
-It.· C-"'-ICA"Old
""... 54.00
TID
~, I:QJ~ .~ ~
... t.t .... , ....... _ '''''III 5-1,"000 ~·i 1·2'" • 1'T<cozlo \".,2'0

_.t.1 ,. -.". '~~

~. IO',s ,~ ~
......•. ..I,..
IU'''I'"," '"'"."
., ..........................."1 !,t,,,&oo ~. 12at: .1.5 .!a!.6.I! !.2.tiI..1m
........
)II'

101M.'.'"
... '.1.'.
-1 ... ·

. .....
01''''<1 .......

,.,.,.U .".".....,
S.f,'ir'
\~~OC
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~.
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.~
~

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C_IU,-
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..., ".......... .0''''' en'
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12ze~4-1

107
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.
§

...
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ij ~ ..i
21
I:
• &
...
I
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108
 7.3.2. CALCULATIOM SHEETS

."UT_L-I)'~_
SUBJECT-!::E:.:::J(4i':.:.\~o.:...r.=.:o..:....:+...:..I:..o1f\:...:--=t.L-LAl..:c:::..:c:~e=-=.s~5--1.:R~0:.:::tIfo.:.:d=-S~_ _ _ DV 6OV/At. V\ DATe "/t. e/TI
Co.1>,t~\ CO!>r GROU" It. I IT£.M _ _ _-I

It. \. \. EJ( plOro-+IOIt\

Aerlli,.\ ?\"Dto~rCl.fh':l _aO/k . . . 'Z ·(ltO\<."","l) .:.
'~Oo
II'- ~er rer+t:.. -\-., 0,,", ::: f.ooO
~'''borhe tv'Io..\ .... e.+IC ~1J\'"ve.~ lI~S/~..... (sook.~") = r~ 500
A,\'"bor he Ro.cho ~cJ\V e. SUI-IIe. ~\O/ ..,""C SOOIe."",") = ~o 0 0

AI\'"borne, l::\edro
J
w-~,\",e ~ ICo SIJI'""e'j JHv/~,,", (500 k......... j ;: ~OOo
n 2. 5~ 't 00
E.,,:>c:.D.\()'~IO'" F,,-cJov' ,. \.O~~

,+, ,. ~ • I c..1 ear \ ~ '1

E~c.,," \c:o.\ 10'" Feo-c.+or~:
\...=J.0l48
E"& .10[.1'3(1.060; + ,E.l(/.oVt) +.. ~O(I.o'"&)1
t. ~1 [.0,\0.086)+ .~3('.o'~) -\ ~b~C1.0be)J =- .1.013
~h.++ F&4c~or ,. I.~'
~u·'I:. c.o... \ "Q.e..'} or Fo.c: ~or
~ = \. c;,
E':. \. i!.
Lr....'oo r. \..oeo...~' 0,", FD,c-~ 0 r 1:. 1\.50/7.9' .... \. It r;, .....

't.\.~. z... ElI.c.o..vo...\.,oY'\

E~c:.",-\ .... ~\ 0'" rtlfo.ct-or'!l!"
l-:: \.ot.;,8
E:a .\Ot..'I(\.O''t)~ .2.~(f.ot.e)l
'~bt..'to.(I.O''t')+ .~('(\.~b6')+.1.'\(1.oBe1 :: I.o'~
"t •
Sh' ~+ \="~c+ or :: t.o"l0\-
Sv b co... \ r o..c to"\"' fn.c. +o"rS :
~= I.S
f.o:.\.2.
}...o.\::IC)r. \...oc",-\ 10 .... fo.e~or::" 1I.~o/~.~e :. I.Z'~
5 I J c:: 'S\ 0 f' e. F-c-.c:: tor:
. " .G.(IO)" 1S~
F ~" [1"'(20/100)1 . -. 2..I~("

109
 P"OJECT NO I ~ s ~- 0:'
.HUT f.
SUBJECT Et-V \or'!.\, ol\ t Ac.c,e.t;, Roc;.ds DY t 0\1\/1\ M-II Dm "/t.~hL
•
--C'IIiIo.¥-f'..L1±Llll.fo6..L.\--lo.C"""Qu~L.tL-_________ G"ou" 1\:. '2.. ITE" _ _- \

.... L 2.. '!. 0 .... 11 t !>\ o..~+.

e~c:.o..\Q.\ \o~ fo..c..tQ~·.
\..: \. o~8
~ =' .'-, C1.0 Sb) 't • ~ ~( I.Q~'t"):: \.o("C}
E,'a .l1Lso(I.O,"8')+.~O(\.o1"\J':1
" • ~[,"'20.o~8)"," .3;t.(l.O'~)T ,0(.,(1. 0 68)1 =I. D1\
$\",{.'''' Fo..c:.tc>r II Z,I2.,
~ubeq~~~Ac:.~O~ rAc:.tDr$~
L:: l.e:,
S' "z.
f = ,. to
\..~~O'" \-c>Cc:l~\oV'\ f""c.+p\", :1I.70/",f~5.: \:>t6:>5

't.. \. ~'.'+. G~o.vc.l ~ur.\"'c,Y\~

E~c.Alo..hol\ F~-l-Dr$:
L: I.ollle
S 20 \. II I
E: .%.3(1.089)'" .'tI(I.ol'fo) t.3G.U.obe) = 1.015
5h\~+ FAc+or = 2.05
.-3ubco ... t~j).c.","o,~~ Fc:a.e~ors
La \. r:,
5:
f:.
,.z.
,.2
J..Abo ... loc:~t,QI'\ fo..e~ot"~:: 11,50/ e,C?>~ : \. ~85

110
 ..ltO•• CT ..O I~ sa .. 0 ~
.HltEr 1 0" _~'--_--I
SUBJECT S u r-f o.c. e \It, V\ \ " ~ ., !'olil/At-Ill om 'V28/11
---:c.==.IP.~·p~1r,...::e..:::";\:"'-'JII!.CLDs",-t.:..'$~_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .ltOU" ..... t. IT&M _ _- /

*,2.. ,.",. Clee.y;' .... t:\

E.'!>c'c:d 0. h 0"" Fo-c.fors',
L = 1.0,"8
5'" . (.. 5( I .0 Go 8) +.:5 5 ( I . 0 (P ~') : \.
E:. .15 [:ro(l. 01't) + .30(l.o~a)1
7 0"
.,. .25 [.B(I.Ol't) ... ft>~(I.o(..e)1' 1()If(I.08S)j=/.D1a.
c.'eo.r-' . . ~ R~~e.~
·t..,a
V=. .1&3(2S0) : ft..Ift.1f h.o../do.'1
1-" ~-\- Cle"r-ll'\~ Fa.c"+or- '" ,-. i s ' : . ~s
~ 2.0'o~ SI<:\e 'Slope FAct-or-::' , - . ~ :I • e
Lo..bor loco.~\o" F~c.-\-or- .. 101:-£'0/7.'30" 1.10\-10
S~·\l'f. +
ro.c.\-o r ': 1.1 S
Subc:or.;-\-ro.c..4t' F/1.c:.-\-ors:
\.. = l,S
5,: lIt.
--.. I. t,

'T. 2: \.~. Drl\\ ~B\o.5~ - 6verburcle" tf. WQs{e

E~c 0.. \ 0.. h £1/\ FjII.G.+ 0 r-5 '•
. 1-:. 1,0"8
5.:. • .2.*(,.o~'t) +.'1(.,(LoSlP') = l.obS;
E.= .eD[.o:.O(l,o'~')t -.soU. o~e,)1
; .~o[.~Z(l.OlL\-')+ .t.~ (,.o~e)+ .O~CI.088)1 = !.o',
J-o..bOt:' ~OCA.\-'o", FAC..\:O':' :. lo.i!~/e.oo = 1.~8'
13,"" ~t Fa.e.:\·or :. ~. 2.0
~\Jbc:o"'h"CILd'or r""c::.tor~·~
L ':. ,.~
5 ~ 1,2.
t=.... 1.1 2.

111
 ....OJECT NO 1~:,'3-o~
.HU'~~~_ 0,.--*"--__ 1
SUBJECT 5vt"+().c:e \-111'1"1 \\'\3 DY 'OOI~/,.,..t" DAn "/';'.0/.:1)
~C~c).~P!..1,--,t~'\u.\~co<..!o~~L:rL.:S~_ _ _ _ _ _ _-,.-_ G .. OUP .,..2.. W a/2.lhS

'to z.. \. ?>. E;c.c.a.\Io \'011\ ~ ~ojl.d t l~oo \ - Ove.-burc\eh ~ W'a'S+e.

( 'Sec 0"\'\ C \J rv ~ ')
~<;.c:.O\a.~'OV\ r-~c..tOI'"·S
L~ I,OlD.8
~ ~ ',II ~
E:: .Oe.S[·~JtO,Ol'"\) -t.O(.,(f.OC:.e)]
. 1".10[. ,18(\,0),+)+ ,?>I(l.O/')8)1" • .,~(J.08B)J
t • II [. .rO( \,Olt)+ .30 (I,Db6)J
of. 10S[ ,33(1.01Lf)+ ,32 (l.oG:,8)+ . as(I,088)] ~ 1.0\\
~o.lJ\ F~c\-ors:
.03 .2.t..3
\,..: .1\"~(4~')" (ZqoO)' . -:: I,DIY.

E =,OS4-b(~lo)O't' (2.'i~O)'~':."3 ": i.o~).\-

\..OCO.. :\-IO . . lobo\~ Fo-c...t-or :: ID.l~/8.1z.. = \,3Z~
5h\~t F&-<C.+or~'::. Z. ~~
S·"'bci.o . . tI'"O"c.-+o\'"' FA.c:.~or~·.
L:: I. t;
. S:. I. 2.
E:a \.1-
It· z . 2... 1. Ro.·'\roo..c:\ COI"I~ ..h-\Je.+'ol'\
P.>o\\o.c:.f Fo.c.~or = I.o~
Sllbc:.o",~Y"''' C. +0 r'~ E:~ v, r~e", -I- Fo.d 01'":: I. 1 ~
E.s c: 0..1 t>. t I " " Ft>.c.+ 0 r':. ~ (1.0 IQ 8') + .11 (I.ob 6')(1,1",) t."~ (',ObS')
":: '01.,..8
Svbco . . 4-r"'c.tt>)- F"c+o,",~ ,i(I.~')'t.IlCI."l.')t.·'-~Clt"Z..)~ 1.,2.{..·

r·. i2.. ~. Z. 2... \)\-oir1C(S e '5,\ sh",,·\

E~c:.Ct\(). .\-\f)"" Foc+-ol-':' .2.1(1,068')+.,+0(1.01"+) +.3'3(1./1'1):0 ,.085

'1.2,.. Z.3. CO""" ........ v V'\\ c.GI.+ \ QI'\';) S,\'Ste\¥\

·ESc."L\«+'o", Ft>.c.+ or = . 800.01'\) ~,.• A-O( (; Or.. e.') .: 1.013

't.2. z.4. Fl)el\,,~ S,,\s~e\'-t

Esc:c.,\<>-t,o",\ 'Fv.c.tor':.. ·l~(\.o,'"t')t ."l.S(I,Obe): 1.01'0

112
 PROJECT NO I '} 5 ~ . 0 ;
SHUT & o~ _ _41--__ '
SUBJECT---'B......,.4......n"e.wf~;-""c.o..li..I<:<+>.lot.u..il..t.o.!.Jn1--_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Dy'BaMIAAM DATE \lIe. 8/1 1
Cgp:ia\ Co.;i5 GROUP 4.f. ~ .IDI~/~
4,2.e.s~ f-Iec.trical ~Y"t.e.n'I
E...cJCo.la.ti 0 f'I Fqct:.ol" - • 8(,.074h.2 (I. 0,"8) '" 1.073

4.2.2. ,,'. Re p.:::t lr- S 110 f' s t Warehpl.H~e ~

~$c,,'o.t;on Fo-c:tor" = (.5~+.OcP+.ll+.0;)(I.I\\)+(.lb+.OZ)(r.068)
+(.18 ~.olHl.014):: 1.090

4.2.2..7. Office~ t
LQbo~to,.ies
Esco.lo. 1:.;0 n F.,..,c'lc.r'::. (. S1 + .01 +. I!::>+. 0 3)(1.1 \ \) t (.I4.+. 3){ I· ObS) °
+ (,1 ~+.08)(1.014) ~ l.o9h
Area. Fo.c.tor = O. '75

4.2,2,8. Sl",.t'ace BI.,:lclihSs .

'Esc.c" ...~:on ra.ctor" := .2.3(1,0(,,8) -i- (.,)1 -\-.20)(1.111) ': 1.\01
Areo.i='o.c.t.ot"':::' 0.95

4,2.0. \ownsite (SOA" Z5e. '70 Fo.rr'I;'Y ': 125)

Site cost . . 1f.5{2800) = 85 0 ,00 0 .
I:xcra. E) : I Z. 'j (200 -+ 150 +\&0 tG..OQ) ;:r 1 57 J 5 00
A's :: eo (1000) ~ 3~o)ooo
e's :. 25(14,000) ':: 550,000
Fo.m~ly • '=>0(11,000) ':. 85C J ooo
Adde.
~',:> (, iOt ~) "io,ooo
(er;, -G.) (05 00 ) GoGo, 000

To-to. , 2 ~, 54" 000

.
E.~CQ.IC4t:OI"\ rA.~lor-" 1.0cP5>

.4.f.4. R,e.5'\:.or",t:oY\ During C'OI")Sl::.I"'Llct;OY)

I:Sca.ta..-t.~OI') I='o..c:tor-~ ',OCo?

113
 ""OJECT NO I~c;,o -03
.NUT tot ~c---I
or _.:..L:l
SUBJECT ~\lr~o.c.e \1\\\'\\ "'\ DY r,p""/AA.VI o .. n "/1.e,/7"1
CO~\tp \ Co~t GIIOU.. 'to Z. ~ !J/!!!IJ~

t. 2. 5. ,. !J"rf-.ce. MI\",,,, E,IJ. pmen4-

f.c.OoJ~ ""'o,,
Fo.c~o ... :. \.O'*,
l".,,1 FCJ..c..\-or Clec. .... 2.1.~.):I.Oq ...
L.o.cI\~,B,,,,pl. tJ~"' ...~,1*O(O.1t..) • .., ..... tJz...z
H_'''"eo ~v,p'" •
l,&,'''''2.,3 ... 0CD.S1')Cl.D''')'' a,5l-9J We
~u'f"·· I~ l"ZJ~O(o.o'l)
DM" & 6\A."\ •
1"t,1ft8,,,~..
'''' ,"'''
To~"'\

It. ~.~. E....~,\'l eer' .... j !. Con~h-&)c.+,~'" \l\o. .....,..~e ~e"" ~ Fee
c.o~+ flJ~~\S 11
J+.I. z.. '180 "'t~5
.... 2.. I. ~ ~,) Ito 2.) 1"38
~."Z. ~~~92,5~O
't.,.~. eI
294,J0IO
"\. 2. "t • 5~.1 2. 5 0
1.4-.2...~. 15, 5 50,.0i~

115~J 11 a} e~l'
"t. '2..,. v:{Dr"~"',\ C~~I-\-D...\
CO~\ ft.>c:.. ....\~
3.\ I.,c.lP
~.~ o.~68

z.o-a4 tit.
(Z..OB4 $/t.) (20J 600t.. )(,"0 d~j~') ~. , Z-) SO '1 8Z0

114
 TAIUlATIOII 9F IlEIt COSTS·
SUJFM,J; "Ill AlII) mro:l~IATlOII PI.MT IIT' ....' I ... 1953-03
TOtS • "llIED PEa DAY • 2Q:lQg _CT 100. T- 1 gev·fl:.Z7.7"!.'l
TOIlS ORE PROC£SSED PEl DAY • ~O,..,
.,-11'''10 I':
"'Tr;~"

._ .... S_,
_n .... ICSC."'IOJII
1
LA'GIIt
*nIIAU. ''''''LUI.,
L" S\Jlt rN'rl.rt
CHlC_'O If:

10U .....N' Ol',IATIOH/I'VAOfASI

~~t1 OATI;~·

.IOW ,o,~

...,
I. .,. EllYIRO'tIOTAl I"'ACT STATEI£IIT TOTA&. cotT • S
•
t..I
•t..I
SUJFAq: "1111 JIG •
t-i
".1. I - I. .rIlATiNC COST ,el 'o.. Q.:z,~ Q.~'7. Q·dll L'7i!i! :w
,.1.
,. .,.
I - I MOoI.IUI.Jlve C." .11 , . .

TOTAL 'UIrACI "IMI ."11. AND ADMIN. COl"

~.2U

I • -Ro-" "II !ON

Q.o~4-

I • Q.U) ~u 'It!!
Q.OII

r• 0 .• ;0 era TO, I •
51;2."
2.034 "'I ISPN
~
c::
to<
:w

fIJ'
....t-io
'.1. 1:!;2!:1 ~.2..e

...... I - , 11"'"01"" . . . . . ACCesS lOADS COST ,.1 '·II.tUi.. .:I.S 40S

=c
en
·'.1 .
'. .,.
I - " cunM. COlT ",a "0

TOTA&. sva,ACr. .. IHI C»I '-' COS f

4157. IOI!!

r• 4'7"'O~ ~co T~O

",,-.joe
I • ,~,. 7010 .co T••
rra2.:Jlo
I. 1,'9~.'j9".," '.0 • I •
,-~",~."31
lOOS.13k , . T.p
o
""2
....
It'IEFICIATIOII t-i
to2
::c
'.1. I - II . . CIA,. . . COST .11 , . .
n
1.1.

I. .,.
I • , AOMINtlnATlvl COlT 'II 'ON

TOTAL .CId',CIA"ON ~r'. AHO ADM1N. COST r• PC! 'sm I • "•• 'ON I • 'Ia TON I • ~clt rOlf
o
til
t-i
til

I. I - lee TOTAL 11"IPlCI"rtON c.vn..... cos, ca .•• ) I • rei 'PH I • ~CI ,p, ,. ",. TOte I • ",. 'ep

--
7.4. BENEFICIATION PLANT - OPE.ATtIG COST - BASIC DATA
Plant is operated on a 3 shift basis, elcept crushinv is on 2
shifts ..
"ill reed I
20,500 tid
General Labor Rate:
S8.80/hour a.erage
Electrical Pover Costl
SO.0294/kW-h
Crushing:
1.27 ca, Vork Index. 15
Grindin9:
1.27 c. feed, 200 "esh output, Vork Index. 15
Regrindings
200 "esh feed, 325 "esh output, 2,000 tid
Flotation:
408 tid output, 2 products (Cu-Bo)
Copper Heap Leaching:
20,000 t for p~s
It,OOO Llain
Hauling cost included with ain1nv operat1on.
Dryingl
10 tid
011 fired
Vaste & Tailinvs Disposal:
20,000 tid
Cyclone dewatering, 1/2 crew on1,
1.6 ka transport and place b, vra.ity
Vater Bec1a.ationl
6,800 cu ./d
Vater Supply:
66,000 cu aid .ake up
Restoration During Production:
0.05 hald at S5,000/ha
Caap Operation:
100 persons, 40X requir1nv rooa and board and 60X reQu1ring
room only
Transportation:
Rail - Mountain-Pacific area
113 tid Copper - 595 ka
23 tid "oly - 1lt5 ka
Truck - Class 35
272 tid - 113 km
Competitive, dewaterinv
< 23 t per truck
Administrative Burden:
25"
Administrative Equip.ent Usagel
60"

116
 7.4.1. SURRAII OF ITER COSTS

Slr.vt ttl. lTEII cllm

..... , 5.1. IEI!£Flt!ATlIJN ~!ATlIIIi t!!ST1 (c. . ,.)
rn.""ul.... "":>-91
"'1: --I!!l1JIE emmp Pes tMy· eq 'po ..."... I· It 1Sc:." ,./'-/"
___ -- _.. _._. 00- ____ .___._ ""...... iY:~t1-- O...,,:.!!i!.tL!.7
etllcu. , .. : .A.l\..t1 "'Ill.ul:~",
III" MO. '''U'NCI
'AM NO. ""I.,'tON
.
" ,. "'_" AO • • ,.n, • ...uL
""U. (O""ON . . .ou. . . f , •• (Otl)
~
,....... '!f,go -!ott!-' _____ _____ ·~
,.... ..
1t1O. pO .~ ~.~~~u'~ ·~ ~.~IA~'~'L- ~

~ ~l~ -1.l-. I.gao)( 1,1°7 .~ --&L--.~I~I!~·.L· ______ .-JUL ~.~!.~o~,~&~_ _ _ .~ ~

,....... . ,,,. -!It!- ~. -A.~' 1.0.' ....... -!l.!..- ~

•• 1...... ·,n· 011.,11"', .... DIVOI"'" "nr" ~''l:'
~"go -lAA.-. 19C" 1,.'04- • -I.Q.. .-.J2L-, ,.0.5 .J1l. ~,-" ..A""""___ '....uL ~
...... ,. tOOM.JIj ~ -J.LU-. 19.'. 9·'. ..-ZIL
'.1 .•.•. .il.. TlM,' -1!L ~I-",..
g..'",,~____ • ~

,...•. , • .MAI • • .u.QA

O",UU"4 CO""Ott. , • , ... (Otl)

"OIW 1.1. fOUL OI'U. con ITO" (0'1)

(It l.a.', ,,.••"'.. ',1.1.)

• _,~ Cw .7, 2511 TKJ'I/O

"",. ~,'I'I. It

,,",u(,K 3Q"'.

,,_, 5.1. !'.E!lEFIClmll'l n!'E',ITI:1G en'TS UTI,... ,,« MO·----1.:..!t~, _______

_ " T~IS 11'£ P"lC£$S~D PER OAr· is '!!C/o ,,"r.tT ...o.-.!.,_._c",.'--______-:--,-
"'~~,,'rD .... :~,,9"'M"-_ _ =' .... ':'[·JjL~y..!T
~.~.•- ' ,"'u::&~~!"':·i
("", ....,. ,
'!.. EUEO .":
o.~.",· L';01

',I.a. CI'}\otINr.. C)" '!'~' 2'1500

TID
~. "9HIt 1.lt., • -UlR ....!,!.l:I.- II ...!.:.t.:!..!1 J' ... "~
.,,,rl, cos,,·t'I~. TO'AI. • "0 (Olt'
~ru lo.o•.!J
"I.,. ,It:· ;""01"". :0" -u ~A' 1'0,'500 If' ,., 'oP-a
....44.Q.L .. ~I.j' ... _lL'I.d!-IJ9..:tAO ~..4...'...L.Sl:r~....lL'Z~~ru_._VAL ~L
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 7.5. BEIEFICIAtION PLAIT - CAPItAL COST - BASIC DATI
For data not shown, see Section 7.4., -Beneficiation Plant -
Operatinv Cost - Basic Data-. All work 1s subcontracted wbere
applieable on a 5 day, 1 shift sehedule.
Dike E.bank.entl
18.700 eubic .eters
Site .aterials u.ed for fill
ClearinV:
11 ha. light. < 201 side .lope
Townsite,
16 raally Units
a Type A Bachelor Units
1a TIPe B Bachelor Units
Re.torationa
10 ha at $5,OOO/ba
EnGin.erinv and Constraction Ranave•• nt Fee.

7.5.1. SURRAHY OF ITER COSTS

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c:!!:J u:!i!J ~ I 2,.",1

...... -It'· l1li • • ceees' .......... ,,' ,nt. "'. en' ¥'I•• ---' .~. ~t.~
(M'lfa., U " . . . . . . . I • , ... ( ••• , Q!!:J 1t.IO.1eo/ ~ 1,,10.11101
•••• u. -H'- ....a •• CUI'At.. ,.,~ ; .., -_._' .Aa!!.rl ' ~~~
cun~ en' ... 'N. I • '" 'M" Q!!:J I, • .,.•,~i ~ Ile.,.•,'Ia!

........ ft''''' C_If... C"'I'" (..., I o.l~O I 1118'Ul41 !IS5\.,ij @n,...,,;

(I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . )

125
 7.5.2. CALCULATION SHEETS

I'IIOJICT NO 1~5~-o~
_HUT 1 or _ . ..:;S_--t
SUBJEcT·-!:B!..Se~....~t!.L.f!!iiic:.!!ij),,:::.!t:.!.!::C7::.!.!')~_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .... flO."/,,"'' ' DATI. 1\1t.~h 1
--=C~D-~~'!..Jt~~:.!..\..JC-.l.O,"~ut..?.'!I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ GltOu .. 4» .1 ,TI .. _ _- !

Go. ,. \.. Crv"",", ''''\

E~ c ...\ oJ·; 0... FD.c:.tor'5 "
~: .2.\ (\.o(,.e) -t".I1(I.\\\):I!).I*\.~
E= .~Z(\,o'Lt):. o.(,(,S
~)l 1 c:. F=' ~ c:.J,. c> r
-.63 .
~::' o.e>,~~(,.?,} (,t;,):: t>.~88

_. ~.081

,. I. ~,\. F' 0-\-0. +\ 0'"

TWO':"ft"oc\"c..~ ft)(..+O,,")C"'-~D :: \.~?I*
\:'tt»c.""\o..\O",, F~:..\-or'!»:
$:: .zeo 1.I,"~e,) +.IZ.('.a,\) II O.'tl\
c = .lIJZ (',01 't) a O.lI~f.4
Go.• \,~, 2. C.OV'lc:e"'~"c:t~e Th,c\:.c.I'\\V\~
'= ~ c:.A' ~+, 0" FAC.+O~ ~
s, ... nCIoOl:.e)+,\S(\i\l\) II 0.:3&\-8
co:: .c"s
.. .
(,.07'+')· 0.130

128
 ".CUICT NO i ~ iii 0- 03
.HUT Z OI'_,,:::S'--_I
SUBJECT 512""c:tic ;o.tior\ G" P,QWAAM OATt \1.12.~1'T
,...::c.::.:Q.:::.l'fF-,:....:\-~p..;::,.\.:....;:C::.::O::;.:~~-\-....~'-________ ••OU.. Ce. \ In... ----I

G.II'~,2. COl"lc:er"{.-t:l+e Th\.GkeV)'n~

se.++ I, .. ~ At-e.c... - ~ .."..,7../f:. '1
A'r"e t>- F'~d"or ~

r= .O)'Z~ ( "~)".115 = I,I~'

(',113.~. CO"'c.eW\~""f'~~ F,\tt-o..t,o"'l

E.~e.o.\o..\.\O'" F~c.\-or~·.
S :' .21(Lot.B)+ .\'~<",l\'):: O.~(.,
E ': '.~C.(I.OVt) " O. 'o~

,. t. 3" 'to I?. H eo..r ,Let).Gh;",~

E,=,c~\c:...ho,,", fo.G+or~:
S = .O~CI.O~8) l' .10(1.1.11)= 0.1'5
E:: .81t( \. 01't) :: o. ~QZ.
Pc:a.d Cost -=. 5.t..O(2..0,)OOO)~ 1\21(103
Po-d E~c.edO\.+,o"",:
S ... Z,e,( ,.()c..e) T, 1Z( \1\\\) \ \,O~~,

G,.I. ? 8 Dr~~"'~ Co ... c.e",,~\"'~~e

Esc:. 0..1 O\.~, 0'" F'o. c+or-~' ~
'5'; .2'3 (I,OCP8) T 111 (r,\\\) ~ O,'3b8
E:.' ,fo~(\.o''t') = 0.1'09
6." -+1,1 .• TiQ.'\\Y\~5 ,'De&.V,,~e'r"""'t:\
eSc.~\"" ~\ 0,,", ro.c.to\'"'S " ,
'5= ~I'?> (\,o~e) + Il"~ (l,,") '~ O,,~a+'T
E-=: .(,8 (\,'01,+) ,0,'00' =
G>, I. t+. ~. Tra..", ... ?C) r+a.. . e\ f>\ Q.ce Ttl,', ~ c.\ '
Esco..\ 0...-\., 0\00 FOod Ot'5:
~:: .1c"C\IOlPe) + ,.28 (II'''): 0.*82.
e=- .Slt,(I,01Lf):: O.G:.OI
~f»~Q.~c.e. FD-c-hro:: \,('/1 =I.~

127
 P.O•• C~ NO \ ~ '!> "3- o~
.Hltn !. 0 ' _.... 5~_-I
f2. p."
SUBJECT Re"" e .,.., C Ie.. t '0 n 8Y PJOV./A"v.. OATIl: -.1\f-"IZ;"';;'~1-/7':-'_1
~C=.i().c.?pl+~o.:-..l\L-...loC"""D~""u.t__________ 080UP fe· , I.IM _ _ _-I

Go, \. "t. ~. Willer Rec.'~~+;·on.

t: ~ c: OJ Clt.-\-' 0", r().c, ~or$ :
~-=.ze(\·o~8)"" .~S(.\.\\\):. o.~\O
t;.: .\1 CI,t>''t')::: O.\B'
Dlc;.\a.~c.e. f ... cd·o~:' \.<-/1: \.b

~.1.1.~· Ec:o. ... ~~-t:" \ O\\4.e.

Eor.eoJCI.\-; 0", F"o.c.+or = •se(l.OloS)t .o2{i.\\\} + .\'!,(I.0ee,)
1". Z~( 1,0("8) ::' t.o~ 2-
~h~ +t FCIlc-'\-oV' '=. 2.0"::.
Subeo"'tr""-~"" F'~-b .... ;: . ~8(1.~ ') +.~i.(\. 'a) a t. ~'pt

G,.l. 5.\. CleQV'\f\lJ

.~
C I e."Y:'I"'ll2c..:e.Y~O.1 S ( "",0. (, .., 11> -
~ II;
h /'
- 0."5 o.../d
t\-e,"""'''''j Fc..cJor~ 1-.1S::: O.Z'=>
~)\~C 5\Dfol2. rAC.tor" \-,Z ::: .O.SO
Esc~\",\. 10" ~",c.h)r~:
L \. o~8
So: .('5(I.o~8') '\".350,111') :- 1.08e,
E~ ,'&r.10(I.o,'1)-~ .!l0 (I. 0'-8))
i. '2.5r,'6~(I.o''t')",.'~('.0"e)'t .""l(I.Dee))- \.O,~
.
51-., ~+ F~c:..\-o~ ': I,' S
~Clbeo"" ""yo", c.-\--" yo FCAc...~r50 ~
L 'to.l. S
5:.\.2.
E:. \.'2.
..
~ "'O~ l-4c:.,J,o;.., F",c..~"Y:: 'O,'~/1.~O :. \,Lt'O

~. r.~. \. WCt~e" SVfP 1",\, S',\~\-e""

f~c.oJ D....hol'\ F",c.for'el:
&: I\'(\.o~e) -t ,,~(,.II\') :. O. 3'2.~
e· ... ,iO('.o'~'>.: 0.1&2.

128
 ~"o.aCT NO, 190 0'" 0 '>
.HUT 4 OI'---'~'--_ _ I
SUBJEc:T_.... 8.uel:J.n..IJeo:...fJ.Ji'-!oc~iII:.plJ..!'~'D:..!..OL.-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ Dy~QMIAAMDATlII/2 '/71
_ .....C..AOA!.fI':..J..:ilO.lg=..iI~C""'ou:isu..L.o:LS_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ G"OU~ (,.1 !!o:% a/21h4
".1.~.2. E.lec.tricClI Sy.st.em
E8C6ttli.i Dn ~~c..tOf"'.s ~
So: .eo('.oG.8)·"O~('''II\ Ir 0.314-
~c ~, I (l.o14) :: 0.1G:.a

,. 1.'.3. t-'\ \t \ P.:> Lli Ie:! i n:J oS

2.-Product Cc..I-Mo Fa.ctor = \.55
Weather- F~c.:~or O. 9~ &

Fir'\e Ore &:-06: ef8.CDl (20/~00)'7ge -= 5CD8 X 101

t: 6CCl'~iio t\ F~d:.o r ~:
s= ,f6(I.OG.8)4-.'1(1.11I) ~ 0.488
E.. ,'5S (I .0"'4) :: 0.591

(t>, '.~,4. Offlcefl (. LQ.bo"'c::lt.or~e~

WQ~the(' Fo.c..i:.o,-" 0.90
E'Oc.o.\o.tioo fo.c.tor-s:
S~ (,·t4-+,O~){I.O~~)-+ (,I~t,O~)(/.'II) .. O,~S2
1::,- (·~7+.o1)(I.lll)+(.I~+.OB)(t,074)::; 0,'14-

'.1, b.", VE')1icle~

F.!:Ic.o.la.tion ~o.d.or:. I.O<'~

(0," b,(", l'1i~ce\\o neou~ 1:: 9 ,,; pme ni:

ii ~CQ.IQt; 0 1'\ F~c. t.o (' = I. D G, J!)

~. "1, Tovvo ~ite

Sile Cos\. = 4~(2dOD) . \, 11 ~OD
E.,c.lrt!'6:' 42.laoc+ISo+ 150+,"00) :.
=
4', e..oo
A'a L 8(1000) !>~) 000
8'$ ... \8(,4DOO) '-::, 2.52.1 000
F'oMi \" ' '" ( Ii 0106) = 2. 72 1 000
A~d6
0'\ (Irl (,) 00,000
( IB-~)(650o) .,
~

42.,0l>o
To'lD.1 635)0 0 0
E~ca.\D..i:;o{\ tC)..Gt~'" ::. "o~':>

129
,._-----------------------------,
_,~~~~ P"OJECT NO

SHUT 5 OF _-"",5_--1
SUBJECT P.>eY"o e-tie i a. tio", DY WIII/A.t.tII om ~m_
....:c~=:.JfF-=-'rw{l,.Q...!...\_."""c.~O->!'!:I..I.t~S:._..._________
.... GROUP ~,J R::., e1S. tb.8. '

G,. \.8. Re~Jo\'"~+\ 01"0 PI.I"'\~~ . COV'\'SJh.. I.lc..-\-,o11\

t:~Gc-..\C(-\-IOl'\ Fp.c..+o .... : \. o~s

~.1. 0). E: .... ~\V\ e~r\Y'I~ ¢ Co"q)h,uc.+,o"" MOY'lo.~e;Me",~ f'e.c:

CO~-%- BQ.'O\~:
". \. \
(;. I. z.
. 1flJE"Z-\' ,1<10 3
ISJ ('Pi il.10'
(.,. I. 5. '" '3\~ 11.10&
foe I. ~. 2.:541 '" IO!l
~. 1.5. .!)' 0( \0'

(,. \. ~. \~)97~' ~ 10'$

(P.1.1. 8O,O""O'iS
To,,"e<. \ "~'T)bI9 ,It \0'

~. I . 10. Wc""I" '" ~ C. " f I tc\' \

CO~\ ~".\"
5. t. z.~so

5·t.\. 0.115
5. \ 2. ';ft/t.
(3.\t5~.j-t)(ZOJ500t.)(~Oc:\~~~) :

130
 TABlUTlOII OF ITEII COSTS
SURFACE "IIIE A,1D Bt'IEFICIATlOII P!A'IT .......'r 1IO.~~oS

To:tS ORE "1:0 PER DAY' SHleT NO~ T- 1 I2c".~. fl·1t:

TOIlS ORE PROCESSED PER DAY •
------ 'BO M

.-,
2Q:igg -:arPAlrD • .,: ... n::~7

n .... MO.
$MIlT NO. ",C."'IOIII
I
-
....
1
T
.-n.'ALI. SU,."""ES
L'" 1\,111 tNTa'f'
& I
CH<C ••• 'T:--A.A-~

'",I"'IN1' OI"rIAl'ION/PUACttASI
DA'r:..!UsoLrr
caOW' TOTAL

......
I. "'A £;1V1RD:I£JITAl ""ACT STATOCIT I ~
•UI
I
TOTAL COST •

i •\.II
SURFACE ftl;U:tG
I •
1.1. I • II .UATINI COlT IJII tON

r. I . t-i
=-
1.1.
,. .,.
I . I """''''IT''T," COlT ....
foTAL SUI'ACt ...... OPII. MIO ADM'". COl' I r. "I!! 'It! r· " ! 'II!! I r· . .... 'o! Ir • ~! II!I
II'
C
t'4
=-t-i
..!
t
•• 1. I • I IIPLOI""'. AND ACCiSS IOAOI COST ~. ,".
i II i M
o

...w... ..
'.1.
.
I ' ..

.,
CU.TA&. COSf ~. THI

faTAL • .,.PACI .... c»1Ta.,. eM' r° 'U TOp

I
I
.
r .' 'U !!R
I

I r
o
___
._~!ro ~! Ult .
•
o

,
I
gFICIAT/OII
i
! g.4!~
I
I I. lUll
I
I S,lIIfI
I
I
I
&1:10
M
t-i
l"J
tIC
1.1.
I
1·11 Cf"UArtNG con ~. rOM

0.15e 0016
I~ q,oo-a i n
1.1. I •• I ADMINUTa"" VI COST I'll T.
I
0'1"'5
o
I. ..,. i
i rOl.L leNf"CIA'ION a-tl. AND ....... COS"
;
r.~' .,. '!"9" f r • 1.097 pc, rON
r ° 9·5"7' .,. "9'
1
J r ° ~IZlS pC'T" rn
t-i
! t i i rn
I. I - Ite
i
I
II
TOTAL IINfPICIA?lOfiI:C.-UAl. COt' (i.I.)
i
r ° g.1t<? -,I TO!
;

I r° --W.&l,"'~ I : ° ..J.2»,4-~" ·r. , .... , r. 2.111.1/00 en po

! I
I
I
I
! I
I
I
I
.
;
I. I
7.6. URDERGROUHD RINE - OPERATING COST - BASIC DITA
!ine i. located in the Denver cost area. Use labor location
factor. 1.0. A ca.p 1s not required.
Horizontal Cut and Fill ftinino ftethod
AbrasiTe, touoh rock
Production I
600 tId ore, 145 tId waste

Electrical Power Cost:

$0.0294/kW-h
Escalation factor = 0.029410.025 • 1.176
Production Development per Year:
144,000 tly ore
Develop.ent Drifts:
Battery Loco.otiTes
1,300 m, 7.5 sq a area
Reoular pattern rock boltino
Sinkino Shaft:
60 aIr, 10 sq m area, timbered
DriTino Raises:
5 raises at 60 m each, 3 .q a .re.
Timbered, si.ple chute.
Preparino Stopes:
3 m aTeraoe width
Slusher aethod
Tiabered sets
Core Dril1ino:
650 m, AX size

IUnino of Ore:
Cut and Fill Stopes:
12 t/manshift, 24 tId
3 • averaoe width
Slusher method

132
 7.6.1. SURRAH! OF ITER COSTS

111'.*'1 ... J 953-0,

_, IaIIS 111£ ~11EIi PO IMY. -..;; ............ ...;;:" ....... ........ I - ,_ e'ty II ~I- 1~
, .., 'Ty;,"f' ••• OAY. WA,Te "."Allt••.,: !>OM
OIIUIlO ,,.: _A". t!"'l
'r -IfIJI
-- ...
- tPAIl
.,,,.. tller
- -. .-. I f - - - -.,ell.",TIOII _ :'r~"4~!!J~[I!!!~
- - - - - - - - - i -__ .....rO~.~~i!!:!J~~j
",.. ' c." II NOOuC.' . , "~CfO.S ., f.tA&. ....~'.~.~r-~Li'·:i!'
"' , con II .... ~L~..~'j.~L:i-~~'
"!tOOVCT ...ftj·E·'~·~
or 'ACTOllI • fOfM.~·j:~!ri·~<I\I~r~•~.'~O
\lltl' ee"... ..'IA1"OM'
HOOUC1' .".CMA'• 1 'o'~
0' 'ACrott, .. t~

J.I.' •• , ...,- OI~\."'",.T "'I',, ~. 1.0"3 1l1'!tOO • .IJ:t,.l3S 40'606

I,J.'.t. -n- I' .... ' ... '""""
I,J ••• ,. -ss .. OIIWI'" IAIIII ~Q.. _ _ 42-I.-h.~.!U.A..-OO ~_ .... _1 ~.~~ IC, ~....!...:t...-.~ ~ .~~_ _ • ..LGL -AU.eL
1""'000 ,.~s 'It t . O " • ......-. :S".OX Lloc",
',J.I.If. -u- ".I"AlI'" ""''' ~,iii ~ • . ' I , .. ,440Jl!!-.1a.m ~.~~~ • .&II.:l!I YL-. ,.a • .J1(144~OOOt.~ ~L

J.S.'.t. ·St· COl' NIU.'''' ~. __'_S_c-L.2.l9.JU1s...- • ..JW2 ~.~::~I.I~ • .DH.. -..£!1__ .~52...-."""~ ~_

',J .•• rt,. ,,-.vcTICNf DtYl ..OfI.... ' . COU'HII, . . . ,,~ t ._,.'11' "IL~ ,J.]J.~ll!
."U. CO,,"ON. I • fOIlS 01""'11'.- 14~OOO I .._e,,~ I

'.'.1.',
J.J.I.I.
.. n·
-Il-
~INC"I u.pu
CVT . . . I'ILL ,'CHI"
-----,-------=~--,~ -------,--=~------,~ -----,------------
'.'.'.1. .. II· 0\'111 ...... ,,~,
-------,-----=~---- -------,----~~----.---
___-___ , ____ ____
-----,------------
---==--c _____________
,.',1.'"
~=_ .~

-11- LOfCMOL' STOfIU

-----,--------~--
'.'.1.'. ·Ir· IOOfItAJlO ... u .... -----, -------, -=- ----,
---=._1 ---------
____--==-__ ,'-=-.
_____-----,--------,-=-
-___ ,________ , ___
',!.I.', ·rI. ILoe. CA'I'l'C ------,----~~----

J.J.I. ./A ..... ,'" Of' 0111. CO" 'I' ,a, r.~

OH,a"", COn ..... ,0.. t I. ' " (OU 600

....'A'OO • DoIU'. ""II. Il10'''". "C. A\.L

,. s. t. CD"" IIIVS' It: ." SNIt 'ue
'''''".

_ OF 1.1tJI COSTS
_ . P, IlUI\GRD!J!I! ","I. ftMTlIIIi COSTS «00'.) 'S"'Mff 1IO.-Lt.~$.. :.SILL--._ __
.... : TOIlS !ME "IIIED PU DAY • • PQ TON$ pCB ~~ IMfrT MD. I ... Sa feev .0-2.1·1(>
_____________-"--'4"''!!''-'Tg!:!.~ PIIII p ....... -_STE _____
...c .......... !_e..~ .. Tt:l~

tTl"", I:=r:~
r-----~-~---------------+
M"al"'ION

.,... ",..,... -....&.!.I- 1 -1...05 _____ .......~

,--
COl""" .. ",oovc.,_,!,_~~ ~.~
....'r •• ""'. ",Hun I LW. "'" , ..nics
COtT/OA'

J~""_ 1
I; P1lOOUC' 0" 'ACTOIS • T.,AI.
(",«ED • .,:~ DA'f:
fOW'''''''!''' ...lU,TlON
~~.!_~~O!~' _~. ~~.!~~. _,~~ '~_"~~::"
_*-caL --1lJt_. --1..11:1"1- • ~ ....J!.,2....._
-hl1L _______ •
1.lD.:9lt.T

-"
.
'.J.J.I. ... MOIIYI.
---..l"l..L-1It-...1.0.~____ ._letL ~Z.__ ._I.!...~._____ ·~ __•__ • ___,~o...:!" ____ *_.~_ _ ~!~
-
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J.J,'.I. ~,,- IAIL ...wl.M1
J.J.J."
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_ _ _ _ _ 1 1 _ ._ _ =-_..__
---.---=--
•__ --=-=.._._. __ .:=-:-_--"-- - .. ------_.- , - -
- - - , ---- ..- --- ' - .. -
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faun
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·-....b.- ---Il--· _ _'_·~ ____ · J L _4!L_
---L-1--L_o.<t----* ______ ~_· __ J ......r'9.. __ • __•. _ ----1.8_. _ _ L.~..,.2. _ _ ._!!t._ -.1..L:3__ _
~ I.O~2. .J.."_ ___ •
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,,~-.oo ___ JLlII __ t:.o89 _ _ *_tL _._'fl4I:.._._.hl~'S._ ... _. _·_.24.... __ ,·~_. _ _ _I.o:r_L_·-1.L -...2~e_
J.J."';'. -". " '... ,.... , MO Ol,-osaL , , , " "
---!!l!.....- ____ . _ .__ ._ ___ ~L ----
,.J."'.'. -u .. c"'" 0"'"'''''' _!y~ _ _ -:":",,_c __ . ___ _ ___ ~
J ...... ,. .". ,,~ DIIY""'r ' ........011' .. 110..
_ " , ..... ,

, • ....1-0..2.. •..JJ.'1L.
'.J.'.
600 [i.'60 I

.I~ I.J. TO'.... 0"1.1. CM'/TOft (O_C)

(I J.J.'. n.euc" 1.1 .... )

133
 ~Ull'lARY ryF 1m: CIl!'T~
••ov.: 3.4. U~;)(P.G~u;m ~I:IWG Ail"I~'STRATlvr CO~T~ fS.' ....'E ..... ~5;o,o;:>t.:-"'O:<.3OL _ _ _ _ _ __

wo .. : TO~IS CPE ~I':ED FER DAY· .:IoQ PorI'! p~~O~'TO"''' ..... ' .... ...1....:....!
_ _--'-_ _ _ _ _ _14:1:1_ "T'Q!:'.1LP_~R.j) ... y- WASTe ".r."....!D .":-.e0M OAT£:.J.J.iJI51J:!7
c..rc ..... :~~~ ____ D"TE: Il/IO/TT

ITt" ~.
1tr;I'!U'MCf
~AG! NO.
DI!:SUt,TI0N
~UA."TIT" ~ _ _ _ ~1J.0tI_ _ _ _ _ _

~~~~.t' !~~~~~'.~T~_!.~_
• _ __
uc
COST IDA" X
._-------------
=,
~n.lA1.s. '~1.II!S , 1.UMII' """ (NnltS fOU,"""NT OPf .... "OIljl
".ooCc "'O::''::.::A-:C:::TO::'-:S-'~'O:::T:-:':::L-I--:<:-:O-:-5T:C':-:O-:"=-T-:'=---=.'::O=O':'UC=T"'O::':=-:-":-:<:-::'=-O':-:'=-'' ' T=O:::'-:''-.-I
------
IT!" TDTAL

,.ogo" '.'25 ~ ~
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'" '.1. I. - 100 IAoMINIS'IATh'! SA ... A'UES ANO w""t:'S 74!:S • ...m.,:L ~
'-/0
' .... 1.1. -1(11- l"'OMt~1 H.ArrV~ pa.C!1"~!S ~- ~-' ,.Q§5 • ...L6.L. ~ --16..3_
__,5_ _ 1' 12'~"
__2_3_
:s .... J.s. -HU- IAO"'I'tU'!'UT1V! !f).,I",,"!Nr OP!IIt"'"'ION ~ ~
1.40 .~

-
' .... 1. ""A 1!O.t:N!U,t. ~xpr. ... n. CO'ST "r. ~"Y
...8:1;'-1 tll..l.!LL •• .-ll- l~

,IOU. ~.".
tOS' .U
TOTAL AOIiIINz,nArrVI!
·~N. 1: • ,!,"D COlt!)
eoo ~~5..J i 0.'2.'72 I I.,.o~ I 1."165 J
...
~
 7.6.2. CALCULATION SHEETS

PROJf(;T NO --:.....;1~~S:;..::!I~-...::.O"':::~_---I
I . .,.
SHUT_-,--_ or ---:;v=-_ _ ..1
SUBJECT L1 '" c\ce r ';t rQO .....C\ M\. . . \Y\ ~ DT eot'\/AAM om uL'?.!d:JJ_
-lO::Q~p:..s;eo..l.r...!<:g..lo-tL.)L!n.!...~=\-...,:,C.,..;O!:!";~~+L$O!...-_______ GIIOUP 3. 5 -1liz.IDA_

3. ~. \., .. ' s,...... ,•.\ \ t>rT~ +'5> +-oor Ro. \ \ Hec u.\ 0. ~ e.
Rode... rQ..c\.or) S,.Tee\..::' \.05
Roe.~ BO\+\I''.l F~ Co +ors
I... ":. ,.01
5ST&e\.-=- \,\0 .
E~c.C4. \~ ~\ 0""' F".c4-0~s, Ad j L-sted :
L::; l.o~o(l,o')"'.\.J(.. G..
'S::. • ~ 1 (',. O~'+)(I. 08)(\. 10J;- .'30(1.05"') + .03(1.I'~) :: "~~3
Ell .e~(I.Olq')+,,\(J.o"'e,).: \,01'3

~.3.\.2. 'S\",\c.\V)~ ~~o.{+$

TI '"' be r r:p.c..-to r S
\...:: I.O~
S T.\""\~I#n. ~ \,~8
f:: l'\~
E5Ce..\o..ho~ F"c.1.6\~S, Ac\lv~..\.e.c..\:
1..= ,.o,,)o( ,.00.» :: ,.Iee .
~ ... Dec 1.0 sc..) + .Pt (I, I BLt){\.~8)-t. Oh( 1.1''') of' • b2. (J,o~1f)
"'" .,0 ("
0 E> 5')::. I. I iD ~ ,
Eo:. [.Se.{I.01it,) T.07CI.{)E>8)+.05(I,08e)] 1.\:' = \.Zl~

3, '3. ,. o. \) r \ v \ n ~ Ro. \ S e '5

E5CO.\C\~\on Fo.c.l--ors:
\..= \,O~O
S ~ • ~ ~(I.O?4) +, aB.CI .os,G:.) t, zeOd 8~) +.01(1011'-).:: '.IOb
E: .~, (l,01Lt')T.{)~(-,.0C1e) .... '.013
Acld c: oS oh.
l : 5 ( Z (.,. ~') = I ~z ~
5 a. S(l~o) ': 3.,150

5.~. ':0L\-. ··P. . e"(\r\V\~

.5~~res
ro.c:.torS: E~I.,:pl'l'\eni -Add o.IS/Tol') x. 1.0'"5
S(..4p~l;e.s.:: St.ee..\ d%
f..?'-pJos ~",es 8.5%
\il't\be..- • 53/Tc~ X I, \84

136
 ~"OICCT NO I 0) 5 ~ - t> ~
OHUT it O~_·"="~_ _-I
SUBJECT U"'C\c.~, ''"OU\'\C\ MIII'\1'" '\ ,,~~ DATE I\!~O/"l
-"Q!!q:.r~e·..,...!.JLO.,l;l+\l.J:In~':s,---loC.-.lQIf.>"U+...Ji'L--________ OIOOUP 3. ~_ '''01 - - - - I

~.~.\.L\-. Pr-eyC\riY"l'l S-\Clpe~ C.O~t.

'RDC.1c. F'Ae.t-Or 0:;, S~T~aL.:; 1,08
(::"'~\osl"e~ F"c.\.o r ) c:,e-II.P .. o.'ve. 'a \.D8S
E~c::o...\o.'ho", F""c.~or5,~c'llu~\-e.c.\ ~
\.-s \,O~O
s= .'i()(!.0~L\'XJ~oe)-t.~5(I.05'):I.oe5)+ ;\Z(\,\8L\)~. \'a(I'D~.~): 1.\51\'
E=:.. OJ\ (I.ol't) "t.oO;(I.Oc,e) s '.013

":3. O. I ..~: Core Or' \ \\V\~

E'~c:c::..\~ho"" F~c:.+-orS:
I.. s \. C'~o
5: .~5CI.O~'t)+.05(I.OC-S) = l.o~3
E:. .ea( \.o,.t).,..\ 2. (I. 1:)" e ') .. ).013

3.3.2.2.·Cu-\- tf\\\ S~Clfe~

'E.sc::",-\~t\O'f'\ f""d-ore'·
\-= \.o~o
S: .\"\(\.O~'t}T. za( 1.0 ~lt» :;.. ,+a.CI.\8t) +. O~(I.I i~ ')
l' .10(1,111') = I. I ze .
l~ = .~O (1.0' "t') -\' • \ oC \,0 "'8) : \, 01 ~
+
W,·d h F'lAd 0 t'"
F" \.",",O(~)-o.z.""~:. 1.1't~

3, '3. ~. \. Ho,~~\f'I"::,.
E~c::-Q.\ 0...'1'\ Or'! Ft>..c:.to rs:
\..."; \.o~o
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E ..... !1\(I.O'~')'" .Oo;(\.o~8) ~ I.o1~.
To't'\- ""de\"~1 c:lo. J ~ ''\-~(\.'l.'l.O) = ~OSI ~OO
3.~. ~.2 .. R~\\ \-rClu\~~e
E~c:c::a..\o.ho ..... Fo.c.+or~:
l-:. \,0 C?JO
s=- .~O(I.D~S)t- .ot:.(I.Ol:.S')t,O't('d1t.:.) = ',Ot.:.'
f,:. .~\ (\,O,'t)~ ,Oo.>(\.O~e) ~ I,o"'~
Ton,- \c.-/o~,:\ .. 7*5 (150/iooo) 111.75 =

136
 ~c.... 1.. tJl.~.D3
....., , ... -~
"---I
. ~~A'1.. ean t\Jaol',.,
: _._~ 'I' lit A/!J,.'/'1'A

5. ~. 't, \. be",er"l.' -:r-\-eW\.

E,:>cc...\~hp", F ...c:."o~~ ",
L =,
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5:. ,. Oc.. S
E.=- ;~e(loo''t) 1'.12.( ,.0&&) -+, Jtt.( "o<:,S):I \. o,~

3. ~.'"\. Z. Ven+, \~+\Pl'\ ~'i~\-e~

E~cc..\o\-'o ..... t=",c:.+o ... ~'.
)..:ol.o~o
;,: .~S C."I' t.-) 1'. 05 (I.O~5) 2 l;f:t~
e-.:: ,"("0',\) .... ''',)(1.0(,&) : ',012.

3,~,'t.~. COW"lpr-es'Sc-d' Aw· Plo ... +'

Sscc>, I c;. +,o"~",,c;+t:) \"~ ~
l=I'o~o
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" (.
Eo: "~(I.O;"\) t . • 2.1(I;D(P~)':' ,.012

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WCt~e", Re.uu-eW\e",\-.: ~.'~'i.(,'t.S): '00 ~~/do~
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E~ co..\ Q.h 0", F~c.+o r :. (1~/Z5)(,.O(P5) -tClO/Z.S)".D''''):S \.Ol.f~

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E~eA.\Q,.t,o"" f&r-c.+or,!
L= I,o~o
~:L ••~oCI.I',") 1',10(1.0(,,5). : I,I"'~

~":. .8~<"I.01'i)1.1S{I.O(,e)O::'/.D'l~
-·Y\eh..... - """'\/c\Q.~ -:: . \'t.20(IZ;O) -.:: .tJS'\O)~~OO

131
 ""Ie" _ I ' S~ - 0'
....n , 01' --L'--_-I
• ., BO\II/""VI ClAn 1\15"171
.,,'-----1

3."\, \. \. ~.""', . . . \,\.,..~,,,e. So\04"''l

r:~c.t).,,,t-,o'" FAd·Dr.'l \.D~O
Bu~~e. ... ~AC.~O" • ,.z.~

3. 't. \. '2.. Ad W\\V\\<V+v'A.h.. e. PcJt-c:.hAoees

c$c .... lot-'o .... Ft:J.c+ o1'" a I.O"S

3. '1. ,.~. Ae\~\.,..\~~rGl\-"'e e,\)\p"",e"f'\t Opercahpf\

E~c:.A\",+\I)" F~c..-l-o'" .t>2.(\.o.se).,.,'to",o,'t)-+'!'(I.l>(;,a~

S1l"'P""'c",+ U·ftt:>-~C:
s
+,%1
F ..cJ-01'"
C" o~)' ~
S • "TO;' So
'.0,5
','to'
":&.

138
7.7. UNDERGROUND KINE - CAPITAL COS! - BASIC DA!A
For data not shown, see Section 7.6., ·Underground Kine-
Operatin9 Cost - Basic Data-. Construction and installation i.
to be performed br Ovner's personnel on a 5 dar, 1 shift
schedule. Construction equipment is to be purchased.
Exploration:
Core Drilling, 14,000 • at $401.
Access Roads:
9 a vide, 7.5 k. long
Heavy clearing, 35% side slope
95" hard rock
Gravel surfaced
Sinkin9 Shaft:
1,220 m

Stope Preparation:
12,000 t
20 days production
Drifts:
1,300 1\

Rises:
5 at 60 II

Core Drilling:
650 a, AX size
Clearino:
25 ha, lIedium, 20-50" side slope
Compressed Air Facilities.
200 cu a/min installed
No Townsite
Restoration During Construction:
23 ha at S5,000/ha

Engineering Fee:
10" using Owner's staff

139
 7.7.1. SU!!ARI OF ITE! COSTS

UTI .... " JfO, __.lJtQ9-'_ _ , '_ __

60<) TONS PO, .. O.....:!..:....2!.L 'NUT NO._I_'_<_,_______ .___

________________J'~4C;S~~~N~S~P~W~~~O=.~~~-~w==.=S~T. ·.I!Ii'",.U ":Jct~_ _ _ our:.!.I/2Sb1
("felon ST' At. ~ ~ OA"; ,,!zern
u',,,-.o. U'UINU
onul."O" aUANTIT'f
"' ... n NO.
14,000""
. IG)- [."'1.0."'11»1, TOTAL COST "UIU _4<;>__ , .LQ.e'.".14,oc;>O••.U_~
. ..,
[11"'1.0.'''10''
ferAL COH , co'St _[II '''0,
"0 (DU) ~,o~
~.-

I Sg4.COCI

'.1.2.1. ·:n· CI,U.II~G ~ , .. ~'.!f~~j(L8e 'U4~ • .69...~S.~ _,_,,_ .J.Q.i..L. ~JI_I,,':fl{b§~ •...tUI"UL J..!..!.2f!L
".1.2,2. -tl1- I!JIICAVAflOIOt -.!:....!{ , .. _4~7_ J .lO~C)JI(_~ :~7(.'!.~ • ...!..!.l-J~ .. ,,, J~~_. ~0.J-!-'.~3~~.1 .•~~ .J...~O~.k Jlt-,I~_

".1.t.,. -II' 01l1\.1. 'I.NO _I.AST -Z..€.. , .. ~I~ • ....L..O..s_9_}t'~I~"1.5 • .1Jt9..tQ.o... ~Z"L. J.,51!-.' ......1"!>II'.2"'T.~, ~03"1 __
~,,:3"' ~~~::k~';t,'Z._ . .-Jl,... z ...~ .!l~_2.~1~

•. I.l .... -IU' ' ....... [l 'SU.'&Ct~ ...:!:~ .... J2L·..l.9~.E_..,..:.~_ _ ._~~.L ~~"t~ • ...!.:JJ..I_~~._~___ ._!.IJ..'!t'~ _2~~_'-1:P..6Z"'-:2:95.~....f!.._4:.l~J ...!.!J . . I~L

ACU:SS 10AO\, fOUl. cost : . .z.••~ t d __\..',.ee~ <7cr,.C;;9~

.. ce[u _0,,0" (O~"T.O. r t ,.oft (Olll!' EiOo

IQi~~
UO"" ".1. tOUl U"'LOUT1ON AND
A,eU'l lOADS cost "U TI'O (0.')
~r ".1. L , ".1.1,)

..r ....o •• ~_eO~ ___ .... tl:~.,

.4..A. t1. 1ii~'11

i-'-T-
••- .-.-.-.-
. ..-.. -.-ot-,r------.-..-"-'-n-'..------..-... -.-T-U-T,------.,.,.. =..=------r '·'I!.IAU. IV....\."I I "Vf"P ''''' ' ' ' '.. Ill
C",UID .,,;
r01lI .... ".., o-r .. """,
DATI::
1'[111 'D.....
1-_ _-+._••:.:._OO."'".f-________ ._______ ___ ,,"If COif. '-lODUC'.' 'A('OU. '!~:~ \lUT COST a "lO~_'f.O' 'AUO"'. "o.!~" "".,. ,"'" .I__ ~~~' O!_'....~'!'I. 'OTAL . ._ _ _ _

•. '-1.1. OUtLOf''''''''' Dltl"\ JS....9.Q.. ~e_.-L.l""}t_1300__ • 22'4,~ ~I J..J'~_'w~_,~ ---1.I..-.-l:.!!I.!'...!:~~~CL. a"t~5 B.J..V1.
". S. I .:- _ --I" .. ' .... I..c. ," ... ,t\ il~~. ~!!L. _Wee_JlC_12~Q _ • ~..At.!3 _:Jes_ I -1--'._' _It_I ~~O_ _ _ • .1U!:IU ~Te_ a ...J ....,~V. I~_I!. ,~&..~ • ~1.'4J U~!u.

".).t.S. -1\',. 011111 .., UIU' Il'~· _.Bl_.~~~~iC~~• .:r-_.-Z~~O,.,- ..eL,.+.~:~~~~cr--. "l.I _~.-1:9"".Z_·~~3o.!L.~ ~~ __
... J.I.... -.u- ... [ ...... I~ ,rOf'n -!-..tooo ~'_al.I.J.U(.}_... OCN2..-.Ja:~~ -~.Zs....C.~..:I~~~i.lP)·~ .i.1:L. :l....J.~-I\gO:l.~ .-4fU ~tft
:".'.l.'. ·1"· CO.f OIIUI~ -..6,Q... .. --lL.-1'090..JC_6IJ'O. ___ ·_~Z)Q _eP-"-.J:.ij~JC_ .. ~O' ___ ._46g JtJ.L.~(:T.!...~1;!9. ___~.___'1.!. ~A.l.L
".1.1.'. CLt .... , .. G ~"'" ~Q!!iL.~».___ .-2.!. ---RSL.~..!j~S _ _ _ .~"tl --I74- • ....!.:9"1U!:2S~...J.L.-.,l;\Q~ J2tu.

".'.1.
, ..... , ''''L tOn "u ""D. t: • '''0 (Ol[ J 600
'.-.aU!.'
(OS·
1,.~'.,n,1
l.~
I i .......t!
l~~
W5"M

".'.'.1. -IU- 'O~.UUD A' • • Act",'IU ~.~tiL-.-.m ~'-!L

... ~.1_ t. -al HOI""'" 'A,ILUIU ~~----l'9:u.._·_ _ ,~ ~

... ,.:t.,. ,,,,ttl'l

IIf.ffHfo. ... "UN ~. 10'" . JQ!RU ~"*9.ll.
"'.'-:t.". -Ill· .Atu ",n" ~'--..1.1.~._~6Z6 --n!!tt
".'.1.'. -In· D.... I ..I4[ ,"UM ~~.~q_'T _____ ,~ -~
".S.1.'. ..,,- ~O~IC"TI'JI'tS S"t[" ~~'2 • -l:.QJ.7_ _ _ • J:iJl!:: -~~
'Uflll11(; Sl\T(" "'244. 1.071 .~
~
".S." .•. -:1t. flfC'.'C ... fo. '''S!f,. ~.--L.9~.~ -IM>~
... J.1.'. ·111· If,.. . . '"0'" "".O.".I:..O"'[S .l"'~101 • _--.L..LQ6_ _ _ • .J..'l-l~5 ...LllJ!!!!J
•. '.".111. -IIJ- 0,,1t[\ ...... 0 l".O .... 'O.II!, .J9.1K13, _ _L.l2SL.- • ....:u.I!M ~]
-.1\- \yu"n .",ILDItK.\ J¢Ul. _ _ _1_,2_,4_ _ _ ....~~
-R4l'~

".J.1. 1.~1

140
 '1"-41

_, _.J. trIllEllGmm "!"I~ CAPITA CIISTS (C...... I

ZO..,..AIIf II!' ITEll COSTS
RlT, ...n .e . ...J4u::~a __"-_..,..._,",,,-
_.: TO.'I$ I!f!E 1"8 PER DAY. 699 7PN:a PC! 0 ...... - ORE, , ... n.e. r - 7. ....~v. 0- ~1·7t>
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.L.:'4~7__!..!T~~ ..I='_C-f-P""V - """SoT!! "C~....'o IY:~M "'TW:~

_celO IY:. "".... .... . :JYJ!lt!

.1'IJIt .... \,AIOI *"I,aL'. '~I'\.IIS • to. . . . . . . ."'.":5 IOU .......' Ot'1.ATtOH/~CHAS~
II'IIINUI
.~!IIIO. O!SC.'' ' ON i, f)UA"'tTT I CotT • "ltOOUCr 0" ,ACrOI, • rOf",- COS' . . ...ucr 0' 'ACTO., • ~,.... COST • "ODUCT 01' 'ACT., • I'OTA&.
1ft.. IOTAL

_.,.J. ·11'- I,....,.... cosr

,
I-=.UN"SI
i
i-=-' -
I (. .". .
fOTAL
i -----.
co.. ~lO 'N. & • 'N (001) !
i
!
i
~ ,I c:- I cm~ --=J
I I
lit. , .... I ..... IIIS'''-'''' oval. COld"., rOT"'" CM' I_~LHA: ~1~5_'~ ~

I I (M'lfAL COST/'~. 'OrAL .. , , . (01,) 1.00 ! ~ 12O&o'' '! ~ I.,...·asl

I
1t.I.S.
iI -'19· II....... Oul·... M•• '0'''' con I~.].a ~cn+ • "''1·-or'I~

..
......
".J.i. I -It,- Ir.. ,
I
,
,,
t ..ltUAL COST ".1

CO'd'. ~ell( .. f
r~. C • 'PO

ftili.
(oeli

ro •. ,osr i
~
;
:CJ!'lI:I1. -----.!O
C~

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!
I
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I
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I
I

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II -It.- !_&... C»"...... TO'''' CAIIT .a~L ~_I(.~
I __ • .IIZI.U! .........
i
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~~ I
I
C..n:J 11,--
I
I -.J. (MI'! ~~ ~~~i!!
I
III!....~,.:
I
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I
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:
I
 7.7.2. CALCULArION SHEErs

.HUT_'=--_ O~ _-'-2.-=--_._
SUBJECT ~e"'s"ouY\d Mining
-",E..c~'-¥r:.s.\Q~rw(),.o..tl..lIL.lo/Q~nl--'i8:""""~<:.io.C..!Le-....l:(;:.&5-.!::~o.!::~~o..~dW!'3!....-___ GROU~ 4-. I ITEM _ _ _-l

~L l. J. E" 'P lor A. ~, 0 \"I

E'&c.o..\o..tIOY\ 1='0..<:+01" = \.O(QS

If. \. ~.,. Cl.""v-Iv-. ~

Cl~Qr\ .... \ F~d·ol'" ~ 1.8B
~e\c. ':>1 o~c F"c...+o\~ ~ I.,\-S
.E, u, f"",e ,,+
Esc.oJo.. t~ 0...
'?i. ..
F"d. o~ $:
Co hc:a..S~ Fodor:a I.~ I

l-::I.D~O
c:: • '~[.I; Ci.oee)+ . 57(1:011j-);- ,~O('.Ob8)1
t. ~, [.o'i (1.088)-+ ,3'.>(\,01't)"': .t..'3( \'Ob8)1 = l.o"T~

Ii. I. 'Z, z. E -. c:. (), \I 0. +, 0 Y'\

Sid e. S \ o~ e. FAc.+OI'"
G.:'\ + ~5;100 ~ 1.35
"o.DS7
F.. o. Z S '2( ~J....o.s'"'(.C ,.~c:,J,3.~'5S. o,)
( _
'-I - S,~3 T
E,v'r\'\'\e.",~ pvrc,..~A Ie. FAdot" :. I,~'+
Esc:o.\ ~+'QI\ F,.c.+or;
l-: I, o~ 0
f':: .1o( .1\ (1.01'1") +. %.~(I.Dbe)1
-to ~O[ .'to("o,~) T. a L.(I.o ~8)'" .2Lf(I,oae)1:: ,.o1~

*. \. 2. ~. t)r-d\. ¢ lMo.s+
Rode. !=,.c -h r-:: \. 'i 0
s,c\, ~\ 0'f e. F,.e.-+or ,.2.0
t:\"''' ....·e ...'''' Pll"'c.h.... ~e f:'c:od·or.= 2.\ ~
e.c",I,,~,o~ FIAc."\'or.~
~:.\.o~o
s •. f.,
CI.O~Go) + •~~(l.o~~) :: I.Dto'}
E: ( .. s5 .... ;!~)(.50(/.D'7't) .... SO(J.D6e)] .
-t .Z.~(.~<I.O.,'t)t.,"2.(I.oae.)1-.D"(I.O,"8)]:: ':01'+

142
 ~"OJECT NO I·~ IS ~ -O~
.HUT_..!:.%.:....-_ O~ ~ _ _
SUBJECT UI"Ic\eK3cQut\('1 ""1\0\\'" ~ OAn 1\f3~/"1
...:::r=..J:.)C,*p!.1'-"Q~r..f.a~JL..U'P~h2.·-!l:f'--.l.Al.!c::..!c...!~~"'=."25--IR~O~o.~("~SL-_ _":" GIIOU" It, \ ITIM _ _ _- I

4. I. Z,'t. Gr-o..Ve.\ 5",,"fc::leu"l~.

E,,,,\~t..~.,,,+ P"''rc:-\'''.:>.~e f= .... c:..\-o'".: /..05
E'!> Co e...\ 0-\-10.-\ ft).d. o\"~
l- = \.o~O
5~ loll'
E:. . ~3( I, oee) +.'-\\ (I. 01'+)'" • ~t..(\. pe.S)" t.o8~

143
 rllOJECT NO I~S'3-0:,
SHUT , OF _.'t!-_--I
SUBJECT U",c'el"~t"'::hJ",(1 M, .... , 1"1, DY &O"'/A~W\ OATE '1/30/'17
-..I.c.-'i/),4'~u.'.J:.~~"":.J.\----!C~"~~a..!+....!f>~_________ GROUl' 't.; ~ a/z '/7"

~, 3, I. \. \. S~~ \\ 'Dr'+~s tor RtH' \~~"" \ ~~ e

Roc..k. F="A.c:.+or) F~Tl!;e\"'" ',oe
Rc:c. k. So I·h ... ~ t= eo. c:.~or'O \
\.: 1,01
CO 9TEE·\.. -:. 1.10
Ese.. 0... \Q.+I" ..... Feo.c.J·~ ... s.) Adll1s~ec.\:
\,.. ..... 1,0";(\,0"\) -=- '.I<..c..,.
S.= .c.'(\,Oer'i')(I,Oe»(I,~IC;) t. 30CI.oS(..)t,03(I,'1z..') = I. 2~3
E'" . e~Ct,o''+)'" ,II (1.0 be) ~ I, 01 ~
E,u'f ..... e. ... +
P. . rc:.hc..~e. Fetc:..~",~ :./,1't
*'.~,\.z.. ~I"'~\,,",~ ~\.-Cl.++s
T,""'ber- FCl.c:J"or<& :
~:I,o,!>
STI""e.I!n..::' \.38
E : \. \ ~
E~C:""\Aho'" F.... c..~I>\-...., ~dl\J!>+e..J!
~ .. I.o~o CloD ~ ') = 1,1 8e
~:: .0$(1. 0 5.(..)1' .1'tCI,IBtt)(t,3a) +.O'-(I",t..') t,bZ(I.O~Lt)
+.\0 ("Db:'):. 1,lb~
E~
I...~[.ee.(I.O''t)T.O'(I.o(pe);-.os(l.OeB)]:' l,ZI'+
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~.~.\.~. 'DrlvlV'\~ ~o..\se'S
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\...:. \.0 ";0
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e :. .C{\ (\,011.\) -t.o~(,\ob8')":. \.oi't
E"""f""e""\' VVI"c..~~o;.e re>.c:.tor -= 2,10
~~d C.,,~h
).. ~ IS (z.t.:. S~ ~ ,~e ';)
5;. ·5 (1'=>0)' :: 3150

144
 .. IIOJECT "0 1953 - 03
SHUT--,2=--_ 0" _-l'1:.-.-_-,
SUBJECT U..,de""1 r4)tJYld /1021 "fJ DV 80MjlAII/ om l'Po/ 77
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'1,3. I. J-j. PreF'rll?j Sippes

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1i ..... be'~ SeA·s O.5~D
·~\u~he.rs D,I50
To+C\\ 2.1't-~I,So5 O,~80
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.\.. ~ \.·o~o
~ -= •'to (I.O~"'')(''08)t. 35(IoQS<-)CI,085) i-, rl.( 1,18 If) ,,".1 ?I(" D~5)': '01 s"l-
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t-r-e~C:T"'S/clCl.~:' 12.2.0'(1 .... 1:,") ~ .gOe/~Oo

145
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'to '3.2.. S. D\-o..\Y'.tl\..~E: S~?~eW\ =.

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Produc..+\O .... Fo.c+Or :
-. ~~3
F:: Z. C) 1 ~ ( I 'Z.') = \. \ ~O
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1. , 6 (,. \0 ';)) ':. I.H ~

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146
 ''''If

TAllJUTlO!f OF 11U1 CDSTS

UiIIl1HlUID lillIE . , IEIIEFICIATI.. JIUIIT .,1'.M"'_. "SA-9'
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I
I
I
I
I I I

-~-~
7.8. CRUSHING MuLTIPLE FEED QUANTITIES AND PRODUCT SIZES
Section 5,1.1. "Crushing" used for example.

Basic Data:
Crushing 10,000 tId to 2.540 cm
Crushing 2,000 tId from 2.540 cm to 0.635 cm
Work Index 12 =
Determine cost/d from curves for 10,000 tId:
Il - $895/d
Is = $550/d
Ie = $7971d
Determine cos tId from curves for 2,000 tId:

Il = $372/d
Is = "S1121d
Ie = $174/d
Determine size factor for 2.54 em:
F = 0.0799(2.54)-o.830(1a) = 0.442
Determine size factor for 0.635 cm:
F = 0.0799(0.635)-0.830(12) = 1.398
Therefore the total costs are:
Il = 895{.442) + 372(1.398-.442} = $751/d
Is = 550(.442) + 112(1.398-.442) = S350/d
Ie = 797(.442) + 174(1.398-.442) = S519/d

149