Aberration: An event or object that deviates from the usual or is atypical in so Activated Complex: of sucking up state in a a liquid (e.g.

, sponge). Absorptive: me respect. CapableAn intermediateor taking inchemical reactionawith a higher fr ee energy than either reactants or products. The activation energy of a reaction Activation Energy: Thethis state.energy required to bring reactants together int is required to reach amount of Aerobe: An organism that ADA: An immune deficiency disease in the presence of adenosine deaminase. o an activated complex. can grow caused by a lackof oxygen. Obligate aerobes re quire oxygen for growth and survival; facultative aerobes can grow in the presen Alcoholic Fermentation: ce or absence of oxygen.A catabolic reaction that produces ATP by substrate leve l phosphorylation. Pyruvate produced in glycolysis acts as a hydrogen acceptor, recycling the NAD used earlier in the process. Algae: A group of aquatic protists and nonvascular plants, including seaweed, p Allosteric Enzyme: An enzyme whose activity is modified by the binding of small ond scum, and stoneworts. molecules called effectors. These effectors bind to allosteric sites on the enzy Aminoacyl-tRNA: A molecule consisting of an amino acid activity. me and either speed up, slow down, or stop the enzyme'sbonded to its correspondi Anatomic Syndrome: A group of clinical signs and symptoms implicating specific a ng transfer RNA (tRNA). Anode: structures terminal of an of an illness. natomicThe positivein the diagnosiselectrolytic cell or the positive terminal of Antibiotic: Incapable ofproduct of oxygen. Anoxygenic:cell or storage battery that is deliveringsemisynthetic derivative th a primary A metabolic producing an organism (or a current. Antibody: A defensive of killing microbes or immune system in response ereof) that is capableprotein produced by the reducing microbial growth.to expos Antigen: antigen. ure to anAny molecule that is recognized by the immune system as foreign and tha Archaea: A phylogenetically distinct group response. Antigenic: Capable of stimulating t stimulates the immune system. an immuneof microorganisms. Archaea are as dis Artifact: A product of artificial are to eukaryotes. tantly related to bacteria as theynature produced by an outside influence on exp ATP: The smallest part Atom:Adenosine triphosphate; element that energy carrier (or erimental conditions. of anthe principle can exist alone. "energy currency") Autoclave: A chamber that uses high-energy phosphodiester bonds. objects. Autocl of the cell. ATP contains two steam under pressure to sterilize Autotroph: An organism above of using carbon of water. aves reach temperaturescapablethe boiling pointdioxide to synthesize cellular co Base: Substances that that with faster form salts, take one atmosphere. Barophile: nstituents.A bacteriumreact growsacids toat pressures aboveup protons, or give u Bile: A of unshared electrons released from p a pairgreenish fluid that is to an acid. the liver into the duodenum, where Bioremediation: The use of microbes to aid in the it aids in the emulsification of fats and oils. removal or degradation of an e Blood-Brain pollutant. Biosphere: The region system of cell membranes that creates a protected environ nvironmentalBarrier: Aof the earth that is inhabitable by living creatures. ment for the brain by allowing some substances, but not others, to pass from the BOD: Biological (or biochemical) oxygen demand; the amount of dissolved oxygen a blood. Branched Pathway: A metabolic pathway in water. vailable to oxidize constituents of wastewhich a single precursor metabolite is Brightfield more than one form of used to makeIllumination: Aproduct. illumination in which light passes through t Brightfield he specimen.Microscopy: Standard light microscopy that uses brightfield illumina Bubonic is dependent on form of plague caused of the specimen. tion andPlague: A deadly the intrinsic contrastby the bacteria Yersinia pestis. Bubonic plague, which is transmitted by the bite of an infected flea, causes lym ph nodes near the bite to enlarge and form swellings called buboes.