AT - Pipe Umbrella System

Contents
Introduction ........................... ...................................................................................... 3 Fields of Application ........... ......................................................................................... 4 Main Advantages ......................................................................................................... 4 System Description ...................................................................................................... 5 System Components .................................................................................................... 5 Specifications ............................................................................................................... 6 Technical Features ....................................................................................................... 7 AT - Drilling System ...................................................................................................... 7 AT - Pipe Couplings ..................................................................................................... 8 Installation Procedure ................................................................................................ 10 AT - Pipe Umbrella Automation Unit .......................................................................... 11 Accessories ................................................................................................................ 14 Further References .................................................................................................... 14

Introduction
The AT - Pipe Umbrella System is a pre-support measure used in weak ground conditions in conventional as well as mechanized Tunneling. Pipe umbrella pipes increase the stability in the working area by transferring loads in the longitudinal direction and decrease excavation induced deformations. The system increases safety in the working area. Beside this standard usage, the system is often applied to increase stability in portal sections and for the re-excavation of collapsed sections in underground construction. Another application area is ground improvement and waterproofing in combination with all tunnel construction methods.

Fields of Application
Advances in weak ground and ground conditions prone to subsidence Advances in alpine fault zones Advances in sediments or talus Portal sections Advances in frequently changing ground conditions Re-excavation of collapsed drifts or tunnels Urban Tunneling

Cross section when excavating under an AT - Pipe Umbrella

Single AT - Pipe Umbrella

Single AT - Pipe Umbrella with double overlap

Double AT - Pipe Umbrella

Main Advantages
Installation with conventional drill jumbos Execution of pipe umbrella drilling with on-site personnel Simple and robust system components Fast self-drilling installation Smallest possible stress relaxation due to an immediate support of the borehole wall during installation Accurate installation due to a minimized annular gap Length of pipe umbrella pipes can be adapted to constricted space Different pipe coupling types available to suit different project requirements

System Description
The AT - Pipe Umbrella System is installed Using the overburden drilling method Piecewise With conventional drill booms By hydraulic, rotary-percussive drilling Cooling, flushing, and back-flow of the cutting takes place inside the casing pipes using water.

System Components
AT - Starter Unit with Drill Bit AT - Extension Tube Valves in injection holes Various AT - Adapters Drill Rods AT - Grouting Plug (End Plug)

Specifications 1)
System Type AT - 76 AT - 89 AT - 114 AT - 139 AT - 168 Steel grade
2)

Modulus of elasticity [N/mm2]

Yield strength [N/mm2]

Outer diameter [mm] 76.1 88.9 114.3 139.7 168.0

Wall thickness [mm] 6.3 6.3 6.3 8.0 12.5

Weight [kg/m] 10.8 12.8 16.8 26.0 48.0

Standard Moment of tube length inertia [m] 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 [cm4] 85 140 312 720 1,860

Section modulus [cm3] 22 31 54 103 221

S355

210,000

355

Maximum moment (elastic) [kNm] 7.9 11.2 19.4 36.6 78.5

1) Deviating structural properties are available upon request 2) According to EN 10025

Technical Features
Quick length adjustment of the AT - Pipe Umbrella System facilitated by piecewise installation Simple connection of extension tubes even in restricted space High drilling accuracy of pipe umbrella drills Special pipe coupling types for different static requirements The use of the AT - Pipe Umbrella Automation Unit increases the drilling progress, minimizes over-excavation (saw tooth profile), and increases personnel safety Application of preventers possible Recording and control of the grouting process using a flow-pressure meter

AT - Drilling System
The drilling energy is transferred via drill rods and an inside adapter onto the single-use drill bit of the AT - Starter Unit. The cooling and flushing medium is immediately transported from the drill bit front backward inside the umbrella pipes. After completion of the installation, the single-use drill bit remains at the toe of the borehole; adapter and drill rods are removed and re-used for consecutive pipe installations. Loss or blocking of a drill bit is impossible because it is fixed within the starter unit A single-use drill bit ensures the same high quality for each drilling process Application of a single-use drill bit provides optimum pre-conditions to achieve the total drilling depth every time The drill bit type can be adapted to given geological conditions Stable drilling direction due to stable drill bit orientation Disconnecting and reconnecting of drill rods is possible at any time Small overcutting ensures the lowest possible stress relaxation

AT - Pipe Couplings
The AT - Pipe Umbrella System is installed with conventional drilling machines. Single pipes are installed piecewise at a length that fits the drill boom length. Type and quality of the pipe coupling are decisive factors for the maximum achievable load-bearing capacity of the support system. For this reason, three different types of couplings are available for the AT - Pipe Umbrella System.

Standard Thread Connection

When using a standard thread connection, an outside and inside thread is cut into the ends of the pipe umbrella pipes. This type of coupling reduces the cross-section of the pipe at the area of the thread connection. Thereby, the section modulus is decreased as well. Besides the geometrical conditions of the thread, the overall quality of the pipes is a major concern for the maximum load-bearing capacity. In general, calibrated tubes reach a higher resistance against bending than non-calibrated ones. Simplest connection type Installed tubes show a constant inner diameter The stiffness of the connection is considerably lower than the stiffness of the standard pipes The rupture load of the connections is comparable to the design load of standard pipes; it is clearly lower for non-calibrated tubes Further decrease of the load-bearing capacity if mistakes occur during screwing or grouting of the pipes A lower load-bearing capacity can only be compensated by a higher number of pipes Dislocation of the coupling positions in the longitudinal direction does not increase the load-bearing capacity Installation can be accomplished with or without an AT - Pipe Umbrella Automation Unit This connection type can be recommended for the installation of measurement instrumentations and for ground-improving injection works.

Squeezed Connection
A squeezed connection consists of a reduced pipe end which is force-fitted with its counter piece. In the coupling area, the cross section stays constant and the section modulus is decreased. The ultimate load of this connection is higher than the elastic design load of a normal pipe (> 1.5) Transition from elastic to plastic material behavior begins at approximately of the elastic design load (standard pipe) Reduction of the inner diameter in the connection area Reduction of the stiffness against bending in the connection area Installation can only be accomplished with an AT - Pipe Umbrella Automation Unit incorporating a squeezing unit Usage of this connection type can be recommended for all advances where a pipe umbrella is installed because of its static load-bearing capacity.

Nipple Coupling
Nipple couplings are an additional steel nipple where a thread connection is pressed and welded into both ends of the extension tubes. This ensures that the section modulus at the coupling is never lower than the section modulus of the standard pipe. The elastic design load is equal to the one of a standard pipe Stiffness in the elastic range is comparable to the one of a standard pipe Reduction of the inner cross-section Installation can be accomplished with or without an AT - Pipe Umbrella Automation Unit Usage of this connection type can be recommended for advances where the static load-bearing capacity is required to achieve stable conditions and settlement limitations are part of the design.

200 180 160 140 Tensile Load [kN] 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 Deflection [mm] 6 7 8 9 10 Elastic Design Load

Standard Pipe Standard Thread Connection Squeezed Connection Nipple Coupling Elastic Material Behavior (analytic) Plastic Material Behavior (analytic, bi-linear material characteristics)

Installation Procedure

1. For drilling, the AT - Starter Unit with drill bit is assembled together with the first AT - Extension Tube, the AT - Adapter, and the drill rod onto the drill boom

2. Installation of the first AT - Extension Tube

3. The next drill rod with AT - Extension Tube is connected to the previously installed pipe and the drilling process is continued afterwards

4. The last step shall be repeated until the designed length of the AT - Pipe Umbrella has been installed

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AT - Pipe Umbrella Automation Unit

The AT - Pipe Umbrella Automation Unit allows automated feeding, screwing, and installation of extension tubes plus drill rods.

Main Advantages
Shorter manipulation times due to exact and automated feeding Faster construction of a pipe umbrella support system Higher occupational safety No handling besides moving parts of the drilling machine Simple re-charging of extension tubes via a loading basket Remote-controlled feeding of tubes Less manpower required Optimum utilization of the working space Smaller saw-tooth shaped profile and thereby less excavation volume

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Assembly groups

Screwing unit and centering/clamping device

Central guiding device

Loading device and pipe feeding system

Electric switch case

Remote control

Hydraulic control box

Pipe deposition

Specifications
Characteristics / Assembly group Pipe deposition Screwing unit and centering/clamping device Loading device and pipe feeding system Central guiding device Hydraulic control box Electric switch case Remote control Characteristics Total weight (gross) Electric supply Hydraulic supply Dimensions (L x B x H) [mm] 1,040 x 230 x 350 1,165 x 360 x 745 3,485 x 350 x 565 155 x 190 x 220 550 x 275 x 345 380 x 600 x 350 250 x 140 x 180 Unit [kg] [V] [L/min] Value 460 - 490 24 20 Weight [kg] 28 160 160 12 60 35 2.3 Remark Deviations possible, depending on the type DC At approx. 170 bar

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Screwing unit and centering/clamping device

Central guiding device

Hydraulic rock drill

AT - Starter Unit with drill bit

Drill boom Foundation ground

Pipe deposition with AT - Extension Tube and drill rod

Hydraulic control box

Loading device and pipe feeding system with AT - Extension Tube and drill rod

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Accessories
Flow-Pressure meter Injection packer Mortar-Mixing pump DYWI Inject Systems Fishing tab Drill rod wrench Chain pipe wrench Rock drilling equipment: shank adapter, coupling, and coupling adapter

Further References
Volkmann, G.M. & W. Schubert 2007. Geotechnical Model for Pipe Roof Supports in Tunneling. In Proc. of the 33rd ITA-AITES World Tunneling Congress, Underground Space the 4th Dimension of Metropolises, Volume 1. eds. J. Bartak, I.Hrdina, G.Romancov, J. Zlamal, Prague, Czech Republic, 5-10 May 2007, Taylor & Francis Group, ISDN: 978-0- 415-40802. app. 755-760 Volkmann G.M. & Schubert W. 2008. Tender Document Specifications for Pipe Umbrella Installation Methods. In proceedings of the 34th ITA-AITES World Tunneling Congress, Agra, India, 22-24 September 2008, pp. 285-293 AT - Pipe Umbrella Geometry Calculator Installation Manual for the AT - Pipe Umbrella System

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EMEA DYWIDAG-Systems International GmbH Alfred-Wagner-Strasse 1 4061 Pasching/Linz, Austria Phone +43-7229-610 49 0 Fax +43-7229-610 49 80 E-mail alwag@dywidag-systems.at www.alwag.com North America DSI Underground Systems Inc. 9786 S Prosperity Road West Jordan, UT 84081, USA Phone +1-801-973 7169 Fax +1-801-973 7172 E-mail dsiunderground@dsiunderground.com www.dsiunderground.com South America DSI Chile Industrial Ltda. Las Encinas #1387, Valle Grande Lampa, Santiago de Chile, Chile Phone +56-2-596 96 20 Fax +56-2-596 96 69 E-mail informaciones@dywidag-systems.cl www.dsi-chile.com APAC/ASEAN DYWIDAG-Systems International Pty. Ltd. 25 Pacific Highway Bennetts Green, NSW 2290, Australia Phone +61-2-49 48 90 99 Fax +61-2-49 48 99 56 E-mail dsi@dywidag.com.au www.dsiminingproducts.com/au

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Please note: this brochure serves basic information purposes only. technical data and information provided herein shall be considered non-binding and may be subject to change without notice. we do not assume any liability for losses or damages attributed to the use of this technical data and any improper use of our products. should you require further information on particular products, please do not hesitate to contact us.

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