Satellite Communications

Prepared By: Er. Suresh Prasad Sah

An Overview of Satellite System Engineering

In satellite communication, info/data is transmitted from the origin site to a communication satellite which reflects the info/data to the destination site

Satellite performs the role of repeater in the sky

Re-transmission of a signal, after modifying certain signal parameters

Amplification of power of the signal Conversion of frequency into downlink frequency

An Overview of Satellite System Engineering

Design of SATCOM System Complicated process Interaction of many disciplines Have to be as small as possible Lightweight as possible Using minimum energy as possible

Batteries Solar cells Miscellaneous related to electricity

Satellite System Engineering

Requirements and target, Achievement Merge of Hardware and Software Correct Placement of each Hardware parts Correct choice and development of every parts Precise location of sensors and actuators

Satellite System Engineering(contd)

GEO satellite launching is too costly

TT&C complicated and Expensive One Kg of GEO orbit costs $40-50 thousands Should be reliable (capable of functioning without maintenance)

Thermal Recycling Hard vacuum space environment

Satellite System Engineering(contd)

Precisely design of every hardware

Antenna size Solar cells deployments Location of every parts Minimum and accurate dimensions as possible

Have to obey ITU rules and regulation Design in government level Choice of secure and good location in every aspect of control ES.

Satellite System Engineering(contd)

Design in government/country level Fixed requirement and achievement Have to consider Technical and Economical limitations Planning

Budget Time limitation Full technical support System development planning

Satellite System Engineering(contd)

System

development Planning

Phase

Project Planning Models in satellite Development

System Development Planning

Phase Project Planning

Development Research Phase Conceptual Design Phase Preliminary Design Phase Basic Design Phase

System Development Planning

Development Research Phase

Current requirements Minimum target planning Budgeting Tentative time planning Partially research start Merging techniques Allocate different design phases

System Development Planning

Conceptual Design Phase

Conception phase Preliminary analysis phase Fundamental survey and analysis Resource requirements analysis e.g. funds, manpower and facilities Searching technologies and Politics

System Development Planning

Preliminary Design Phase

Decision phase Alternative plans selection Survey alternative all possibilities Ultimately, choice of a single project

System Development Planning

Basic Design Phase

Preliminary design review(PDR) Examined in detail Specifications requirements fixed What to be a real satellite is determined Contractor is selected Ultimately, satellite manufacturing in process

System Development Planning

After,Basic Design Phase

Take manufacturing/Operation Phase

Detailed

design Manufacturing Test Launch preparing Initial operations operations

System Development Planning

After operations , Full uses of satellite

System Development Planning

Models in Satellite Development
Breadboard

model Engineering model Prototype model Flight model Exhibition model

Models in Satellite Development

Breadboard model Model for actual fabrication Concentrated only in physical design Basic design phase Temporarily assembled type Design modification as portable as possible

Models in Satellite Development

Engineering model
Model for similar to flight model But , not space qualified Model concentrated in

Physical design Shape Dimensions, volume Weight Power consumption Other satellite subsystems

Also called structure model Some tests are accomplished e.g. Thermal/Vacuum/Vibrating/Shock etc.

Models in Satellite Development

Prototype model
Using flight qualified parts and materials Quality control in this design

Soldering Installation Assemble in each device

Tests Against Launch & Space Environment Test level is usually set 150 % of predicted level The test is called Qualification Test(QT)

Models in Satellite Development

Prototype model(contd)
QT test qualifies the design finally QT test contains parameters

Shock Acceleration Centre of mass Moment of inertia Alignment of solar panels Alignment of antennas Sensors and so on

Models in Satellite Development

Flight model

Flight model designed as prototype The test conducted as flight basis Test level is the same as that of prototype for the satellite In case of a satellite of large size, it is very expensive: prototype model with flight taken for acceptance test This type of model is named Proto-Flight Model(PFM)

Models in Satellite Development

Exhibition model

Model for sample May not be same size model Generally ,1:5 or 1:10 scale design is accepted Every parts in outlooks as same as original satellite Basically it is exhibited in the museum Especially space museum Museum for historical record

Satellite System Engineering

Satellite in orbit planning

QT & AT testing Choice of Launch vehicle Fixing LAUNCH WINDOW Handover from parking orbit to transfer orbit & to operational orbit

Operating system planning

Satellite health checking System control Initial operations

Operations

Any question ? Thank

you !