Chapter 20 Viruses and Bacteria

Completion Complete each statement. 1. Segments of nucleic acids contained in a protein coat are ____________________. 2. A disease of tobacco plants in which growth is stunted and leaves are blotchy is caused by the ____________________ ____________________ virus. 3. Bacterial viruses with a polyhedral head attached to a helical tail are ____________________. 4. The protein coat of a virus is called a(n) ____________________. 5. All viruses reproduce by taking over the reproductive machinery of a(n) ____________________. 6. Microscopic, nucleic acid-containing particles that invade cells of organisms in order to reproduce, and often destroy the cells in the process, are called ____________________. 7. An enzyme called ____________________ ____________________ manufactures DNA that is complementary to a viruss RNA. 8. The virus that causes AIDS is called ____________________ ____________________ ____________________. 9. The cell walls of eubacteria are composed of ____________________, a network of polysaccharide molecules that are linked together with chains of amino acids. 10. Structurally, bacteria have one of two types of ____________________ ____________________ that can be distinguished by the Gram stain. 11. The procedure used to distinguish between two types of bacterial cell wall structures is called ____________________ ____________________. 12. Protective coverings that some bacteria may form under harsh conditions are ____________________. 13. Spiral bacteria are called ____________________. 14. Round bacteria are called ____________________. 15. Rod-shaped bacteria are called ____________________. 16. Bacteria that obtain their energy by removing electrons from inorganic molecules, rather than obtaining energy from the sun, are called ____________________ bacteria. 17. Plants that possess nitrogen-fixing bacteria in swellings on their roots are called ____________________. 18. A species of bacteria that lives in the intestines of many mammals is ____________________ ____________________. 19. The process in which ammonia is oxidized into nitrate, a form of nitrogen commonly used by plants, is called ____________________. 20. A disease of the respiratory tract caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis is ____________________. 21. A(n) ____________________ is a substance that can be obtained from bacteria or fungi and can be used as a drug to fight pathogenic bacteria.

22. Mining companies use ____________________ bacteria to harvest copper or uranium.

Chapter 20 Viruses and Bacteria Answer Section

COMPLETION 1. ANS: viruses PTS: 1 DIF: II 2. ANS: tobacco mosaic PTS: 1 DIF: II 3. ANS: bacteriophages PTS: 1 4. ANS: capsid PTS: 1 5. ANS: cell PTS: 1 6. ANS: viruses DIF: II DIF: I DIF: I OBJ: 20.1.1 OBJ: 20.1.2 OBJ: 20.1.3 OBJ: 20.1.3 OBJ: 20.1.4 OBJ: 20.1.4 OBJ: 20.1.4 STA: B42 STA: B42 STA: B42 STA: B42 STA: B42 STA: B42 STA: B42

PTS: 1 DIF: I 7. ANS: reverse transcriptase PTS: 1 DIF: II 8. ANS: human immunodeficiency virus HIV PTS: 1 DIF: II 9. ANS: peptidoglycan PTS: 1 10. ANS: cell walls DIF: II

OBJ: 20.1.5 OBJ: 20.2.1 OBJ: 20.2.1 OBJ: 20.2.1 OBJ: 20.2.1 OBJ: 20.2.1

STA: B42 STA: B42 STA: B42 STA: B42 STA: B42 STA: B42

PTS: 1 DIF: II 11. ANS: Gram staining PTS: 1 12. ANS: endospores PTS: 1 13. ANS: spirilli PTS: 1 14. ANS: cocci DIF: II DIF: II DIF: II

PTS: 1 15. ANS: bacilli

DIF: II

OBJ: 20.2.1 OBJ: 20.2.1 OBJ: 20.2.2 OBJ: 20.2.2 OBJ: 20.2.3 OBJ: 20.2.3 OBJ: 20.2.4 OBJ: 20.2.4 OBJ: 20.2.5

STA: B42 STA: B42 STA: B42 STA: B25.c STA: B42 STA: B25.c STA: B42 STA: B37.d STA: B37.d

PTS: 1 DIF: II 16. ANS: chemoautotrophic PTS: 1 17. ANS: legumes DIF: II

PTS: 1 DIF: I 18. ANS: Escherichia coli PTS: 1 19. ANS: nitrification PTS: 1 20. ANS: tuberculosis PTS: 1 21. ANS: antibiotic DIF: II DIF: II DIF: I

PTS: 1 DIF: I 22. ANS: chemoautotrophic PTS: 1 DIF: II