BIOLOGICALINPUTS SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELEOPMENT

ABIM2011 Lucerne,Switzerland 24 26October2011

ECOSENSELABS(I)PVT.LTD. INDIA.

OGoddessEarth,Oallenduringwideexpanses! Salutationtothee. NowIamgoingtobegincultivation. Bepleased,OvirtuousOne. AncientSanskritprayer

STRUCTUREOFPRESENTATION
FoodProduction&Productivity NutritionalInputs BiologicalVs.Conventional SeedCare AnEmergingOpportunityforBioControls FoodSecurityChallenges&Suggestions

AGRICULTUREBUZZWORDSTHISDECADE

BIOCONTROLS
CARBONFOOTPRINT

CARBONSEQUESTRATION CLIMATECHANGE

BIOFERTILISERS
WATERSECURITY BIOFUELS

INM

GMCROPS FOODSECURITY

SEEDCARE

SOILHEALTH

WorldAverageYieldsofMajorCrops Cereals,Pulses,Oilseeds
6000

5000

4000 WorldAvg.Pulses WorldAvg.Wheat WorldAvg.Paddy 2000 WorldAvg.Maize WorldAvg.9Oilseeds 1000

3000

0 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

The ChallengeforAgroInputsIndustry 2030

ChangeinConsumptionPatterns/DietsinDevelopingCountries (FAOestimate) RicewillDecrease WheatwillIncrease CoarseCerealsNoChange PulsesNoChange SugarwillIncrease FruitswillIncrease Oilseeds/VegetableOilswillIncreaseGeometrically MeatwillIncreaseGeometrically DairywillIncreaseGeometrically

FAOestimatesthatinorderforSouthAsiatoavoidaFoodCrisis: WheatYieldswillhavetoincreaseby28% RiceYieldswillhavetoincreaseby23% PulsesYieldswillhavetoincreaseby52% OilseedsYieldswillhavetoincreaseby48%

ComparingChemicalandBiologicalFertilisers
CHEMICALFERTILSERS
Definition: Any of a large number of natural and synthetic materials, including manure and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compounds, spread on or worked into soil to increase its capacity to support plant growth. Only 3040% of the applied Nitrogenous Fertiliser is available to the plant the balance is lost in the air after application. Only 2025% of the applied Phosphatic Fertiliser is available to the plant the balance is locked in the soil after application. Only 1525% of the applied Potash Fertiliser is available to the plant the balance is locked in the soil after application.

BIOFERTILISERS
Definition: Some microbes like Bacteria, Fungi and Algae are capable of Fixing Atmospheric Nitrogen, Solubilising Insoluble Soil Phosphates, or Mobilising Potash, making them available to plant roots. Materials carrying these microbes are Biofertilisers. Nitrogen Fixing BioFertilisers can provide the plants with upto 50% of Nitrogen needed from the air itself. Phosphate Solubilising BioFertilisers can increase the availability of Phosphorus by releasing upto 15% of the Phosphorus locked in the soil. Potassium Mobilising BioFertilisers can increase the availability of Potassium by releasing upto 20% of the Potassium locked in the soil.

BRIEFSUMMARYOFNUTRIENTECONOMICSOF BIOFERTILISERSvs.CHEMICALFERTILISERS
QuantityofBiofertiliser
1TonofRhizobium inoculants 1TonAzotobacter/Azospirillum 1TonofPhosphateSolubiliser 1 TonofPotashMobilisers SavingthroughChemicalNutrients 100TonsofNitrogen(minfixation50KgN/ha) 40TonsofNitrogen(minfixation50KgN/ha) 24TonsofPhosphorous(min solubilisation 40KgP/ha) 5TonsofPotash(minmobilisation25to35KgK/ha)

WHYISNITROGENFIXATIONNECESSARY?
Nitrogenisanimportantmacronutrientfortheplantresponsiblefor Vegetativegrowth.OftheAppliedNitrogenonly25%isutilised byplants. Thebalance75%islosttotheatmosphereandleachedout.

FIXATION:
ThechemicalreactionbywhichtheAtmosphericNitrogengetsconvertedto Ammonia.

NITRIFICATION:
ConversionofAmmoniatoNitrates,whichisthenabsorbedbyPlantRoots

NITROGENFIXATIONGRAPHICMODEL

WHYAREPHOSPHATESOLUBILISERSNECESSARY? Phosphorousisanimportantmacronutrientfortheplant responsibleforfloweringandfruiting.Oftheapplied Phosphorousonly20%isutilised byplants. REVERSION: Thechemicalreactionbywhichtheappliedphosphategets fixed,whichinvolves: FixationorAdsorptionofappliedPontoactivesitesof oxidesofIron,AluminumandCalciumformingstable compoundswhichareinsolubleinwater. MODEOFACTION: PSB PRODUCES MILD ORGANIC ACIDS LIKE (TARTARIC, MALIC, FUMERIC, etc.) AND ENZYMES, WHICH HELPS IN SOLUBILISNG PHOSPHOROUS, THIS SOLUBILISED PHOSPHOROUS IS EASILY TAKEN UP BY THE PLANTS FOR THEIR GROWTH.

FormsofSoilPotashandroleofPotashMobilising Bacteria
UnavailableKisfoundinMineralslikeFeldsparsandMicas, unusablebyplants,butreleasedintothesoilbyweathering,which isveryslowtosupplyplantneeds. SlowlyAvailableK isfoundtrappedbetweenlayersofclayminerals andisFixedandcanbereleasedwhentheclaysbecomewet,but againgetsfixedwhentheclaysbecomedry.Thereisacontinuous exchangebetweenslowlyavailableandreadilyavailable,wherein theclaysactasareservoirforthereadilyavailableK. ReadilyAvailableKiswhatiswatersolubleandfoundadsorbed ontothesurfaceofsoilcolloids.ThisformofKisalwaysavailable totheplantsandhelpsinthedesiredplantgrowth. Mobilising PotassiumintheSoil:Mobilising Potassiuminthesoil canbeachievedbysomeformsofmicroorganisms,whichareable toreleasetheKtrappedinbetweenlayersofclaybymeansof physicalprocessesandenhancingcation exchangecapacities.

POTASSIUMMOBILISIATIONGRAPHICMODEL

ADVANTAGESOFBIOFERTILISERSOVERCHEMICALFERTILISERS
AidsPlantuptakeofMacroNutrientslikeNitrogen,Phosphorus&Potassium. Increasetheyieldby1020%ascomparedtoChemicalFertilisers. AverageCostBenefitRatioforCereals(Paddy/Wheat)is20. Economicaltothefarmer. GivesbiologicalNitrogen,PhosphorusandPotassiumtotheplant. EnhancesRootDevelopment,VegetativeGrowthandFlowering,byreleaseof auxins,vitamins&hormones. Improvessoilhealth&productivity&survivalofbeneficialSoilmicrobes. Environmentalfriendly,RenewablesourceofNutrients. ReducesCarbonFootprint. Major EarningsviaCarbonCredits

PerceptionofSeeds ThenandNow
One for the rock, one for the crow, One to die, and one to grow. - English saying One for blackbird, one for the crow, One for the cutworm, and one to grow. - American saying I ask not for a larger garden, but for finer seeds. - Russell H.Conwell

WorldSeedTreatmentScenario
SeedTreatmentMarketin2001=USD900Million. SeedTreatmentMarketin2010=USD2.8Billion. Trends: CropAcreageisstagnating. HighSeedingrateisbeingreplacedbybestavailableseedtreatment. SeedCostisincreasingeveryyear. GMSeedseveryseedhasavalue. Costeffectivemethod lessera.i.perha. DiseaseProtectionismostdesired,followedbyInsect Protection. NewChemical/BiologicalProducts FasterDevelopment&Adoption.

SeedTreatmentInnovations:
MostGMseedsinUSA/Canadahavemin4coats 1) DiseaseProtection. 2) BioInoculums. 3) InsectProtection. 4) MicroNutrients. PolymerCoatings(Polyvinyls)beingreplacedby Renewables likeSoybean/Corn.

NewAgServiceIndustry SeedCare
DedicatedFacilities LowDoseofa.i.s,HighlyMechanized, KnowledgeandCapitalIntensive,LongGestationPeriod,

StatusofSeedtreatmentinIndia
Presently,about70%seedrequirementisthefarmersown stock,sownwithouttreatment. OnlyCommercialHybridSeedsare100%TreatedatProcessing Plantlevel. Govt.estimatesanaverage80%ofseedssowninIndiaare Untreatedcomparedto100%seedtreatmentpracticein developedcountries. Stateseedagenciessupplytreatmentchemicalinasmallpouch Allmaynotbeusingit? Only1015%ofSelfpollinatedcropsseedsaretreated. Seedtreatmentestimatedtoenhanceproductivityby810%.

IndianGovt.InitiativesforSeedCare.

SEEDCARECHEMICALCONTROLVrs.BIOLOGICALCONTROL

Crop
Wheat Barley

Disease

ConventionalControl BiologicalControl
Trichoderma Trichoderma/Pseudomonas Trichoderma Trichoderma/Pseudomonas Trichoderma/Pseudomonas Trichoderma Trichoderma/Pseudomonas Trichoderma/Pseudomonas Trichoderma Trichoderma/Pseudomonas Trichoderma Trichoderma/Pseudomonas Trichoderma Carbendazim/Thiram Carbendazim/Kitazin Carbendazim/Captan Mancozeb/Carbendazim Carbendazim/Captan/Thiram Mancozeb Carbendazim/Captan/Thiram Carbendazim Carbendaziim/Thiram Carbendazim/Captan Carbendazim/Thiram

LooseSmut/FalseSmut Tebuconazole/Carbendazim LooseSmut/FalseSmut Carboxin/Thiram

Maize/Millets Charcoal Rot/RootRot Rice RootRot/SheathBlight Chillies Potato Tomato Onion Sunflower Mustard Soybean Cruciferous vegetables Chickpea Groundnut Dampingoff/Wilt Blight/ Dampingoff/Wilt PurpleBlotch RootRot/SeedlingRot StemRot RootRot/SeedlingRot Dampingoff/Wilt Wilt/Dampingoff RootRot/Collar Rot/ Aflatoxins

Carbendazim/Mancozeb/Thiram Trichoderma

Howto:Suggestions
Indiahas13.42millionHaofCultivableWasteLandsasof200607.

ImproveSoilHealth/ProductivityoftheseLands UseCityCompost. SupplementuseofChemicalFertilizerswithBiologicalFertilizers. ProvideQualityGMSeedswithDesirableTraitslikeDrought Tolerance,DiseaseResistance,NitrogenFixation, WorldclassSeedCareusingBioControls. UseBioTechnologytoprovideeffectiveLowA.I.DoseProducts.

Thank You
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