Wi-Fi Based Advanced Robotic Vehicle for Surveillance 1.

Introduction
A robot is defined as a re-programmable multi-functional manipulator. In simple words, it is a mechanical system which consists of sensing and executing organs; controlled by an electronic brain that can perform a number of operations independently within a confined space. The Vehicle movements are controlled and future movements can be stored in micro-controller, and thus its job assignments can be changed by reprogramming micro-controller. A Micro-controller chip controls the Vehicle movements, and thus reprogramming can change its job assignments. The Vehicle described here is a vehicle whose movements are controlled by Microcontroller chip. The main feature of this Vehicle is that, this system adopts a wireless radio- link between the Controller i.e., Remote Control and the Micro-controller resided inside the Vehicle. Here all the command signals from the computer are conveyed to the remotely located Vehicle with the aid of IR communication. The commands received from the computer are verified by micro-controller and finds suitable then only executes them. Vehicle moves in large halls find their way with the aid of sensors and transmit that data to plugged display unit. The display unit consist of another Micro-controller processor, whose job is to get the temperature sensed by the sensor fitted on moving vehicle and display it on LCD unit. To avoid collisions with personnel and objects, most Vehicle have additional sensors, for instance, infrared detectors, cameras, or a kind of radar based on ultra-sonic waves, laser light or radio waves. To enable them to be stopped in the event of a collision or malfunction, these Vehicles usually have a number of easily accessible switches. In this Wi-Fi Based Advanced Robotic Vehicle for Surveillance tactile switches are used to cope with this problem. Vehicles today are being employed to release man from heavy, tedious, monotonous work like patrolling or to work under conditions where human beings cannot function effectively. This project demonstrates the operation of an electric vehicle fitted with temperature sensor, which is capable of showing the intended areas temperature on display without any human intervention. This Wi-Fi Based Advanced Robotic Vehicle for Surveillance is very useful in factory or large halls or premises where supervising the protected area is a major headache.

Source: Magnum Technologies.

In Brief: The Wi-Fi Based Advanced Robotic Vehicle for Surveillance project has two parts: Transmitter and Receiver. The Transmitter part consists of Micro-controller & Software Module, Interface Module and WI-FI Transmitter. The commands are sent by the user through handheld transmitter and the intended software. These commands are in WI-FI [Recommended Code] form, and are transmitted to the Wi-Fi Based Advanced Robotic Vehicle for Surveillance through Wi-Fi Data packets. The Receiver part receives the WI-FI coded signals and fed to PIC micro-controller chip. This Microcontroller decodes WI-FI codes back to original commands and executes them as needed. Here the decoded signals are properly routed using switching circuit. The output of the switching circuit controls the movement of the Vehicle. If the command says to turn Right/ Left or move Forward/Reverse it does so by activating the respective motor, and thus fulfilling the need. The Receiver part thus has two motors: to and fro movement and Left/Right turn. The Receiver part has one more block called Temperature Sensing Unit. One Temperature Sensor will be fitted on the moving vehicle and its sensed signals are, through wire, carried to Temperature Sensing Unit for display purpose. This Unit is plugged only when user want to check the temperature of the vicinity of moving vehicles current position.

Introduction of Robotics
Robotic systems have developed much beyond the first deaf, blind and dumb generation of robots used in the industrial floor in the early days. Robots developed today are used in areas which would previously have been unimaginable: in surgery, in the after care of patients in hospitals, in guarding prisons, in space exploration, underwater expeditions, in restaurants and bars, in industries and even at homes. Viewers of the recently screened movies, viz., Independence Day, Mars Attack, Artificial Intelligence, Star Wars, The Black Hole, The Empire Strikes Back, and For Your Eyes Only, were thrilled by the performance and capacity of the robots. One of the fastest developing technologies today is robotics, and companies well known in other fields, such as car manufacturing, are now contributing to the growth of industrial robots. Robots have assumed a great significance in the industrial world today, what follows is a brief introduction of this electronically controlled marvel. The Czech writer Karel Capek coined the word Robot in 1920 to denote a machine in the form of a man. His play Rossums Universal Robots had a human named Rossum who created a race to serve the mankind. Later these robots discovered that they too had emotions like human beings, a sense of

Source: Magnum Technologies.

feeling (they cared for each other), and deciding that they could no longer serve the mankind, proceeded to take over the world. Robots today are being employed to release man from heavy, tedious, monotonous work line arc welding or to work under conditions where human beings cannot function effectively, such as underwater explanation, space exploration, noxious gaseous environments, high operating temperatures shifting humidity, inaccessible locations like nuclear reactors etc. Robots have been on the industrial scene since the early sixties. However, their high cost precluded wider acceptability. Today, by incorporating microprocessors, the cost is falling while their accuracy is increasing. Countries like Japan, the USA, the USSR, West Germany and France have over 1500 robots each installed in their various factories, with the United States and Japan accounting for nearly 75 percent of their use. The factors responsible for this high percentage are shortage of labor in Japan and high labor cost in the USA. In India, HMT in Bangalore and Telco in Pune have begun manufacture of industrial robots. MICRO-CONTROLLER IN ROBOTICS Micro-controller has elevated electronics to a great height. It is being used in many industrial instruments, medical equipment, microcomputers and programmable logic controllers. Its speed of operations is amazing. Early eighties saw the advent of robots, especially in industries. The automatic industries of Japan, the USA and the UK have installed many robots in their assembly lines. This has improved the quality of their work and speed. Many types of robots were displayed in EXPO 85 of Japan in Tsukuba. With the help of micro-controllers and robots, a new Micro-controller Based Industrial Automation concept has developed. Electronic equipment can be used in efficient man-machine interface, making the communications faster. Having helped the industry, electronics has entered the house. Transistor, radio, tape recorders, television sets, toy and educational equipment are commonly household items. All these products have made the life more comfortable. Personal computers are being used in homes in many countries to keep track of accounts, family health details and such other information.

Source: Magnum Technologies.

Remote controllers for TVs and VCRs enable viewers to switch off the set or change the channel from a distance. Bigger houses have intercoms so that a person need not get to another room for communication. Burglar alarm is energized before leaving the house. Whoever enters the house has to first put off the system by resetting it. The location is known available to disable it is only 10 to 25 seconds. An unauthorized visitor will not be able to reset the switch in that time and the alarm will alert the neighbors. Fire sensors, gas alarm are the other gadgets, which take care of fire mishaps. Time switches turn on and off any electrical appliance at the preset time. Video games and electronic toys help in providing leisure and comfort at home. However, these systems cannot generally be combined together for economical compatibility. AUTOMATION AT INDUSTRIES Micro-controller based Industrial Automation is aimed to reduce supervision of human and to create a comfortable & safe working environment. There are several big companies who are engaged in this Micro-controller Based Industrial Automation field. For example Allen Brandely, ABB, Simens are producing Programmable Logic Controllers [PLLs] and their related instruments, software, hardware and controlling panels. These PLLs are capable of controlling the small, medium or big industries with less human intervention. Micro-controller based Industrial Automation (IA) comprises four sub-systems to perform different functions [of course with the help of Computer]: Industrial keeping system: A module called Home Terminal which comprises a telephone/intercom master unit, master and room monitor controller, TV, door and phone controllers and indicators is the heart of security & safety keeping system. This sub-system controls temperature of water in furnace, keeps record of the consumption of electricity and water gets signals from burglar alarms, gas leaks, flame sensors etc, and gives warning. Besides, it receives the incoming phone calls, answers or sends messages at appropriate time and turns on/off time-punch machines for attendance purpose, lighting & vigilant cameras etc. Intercom at the main door lets the security person know the identity of a visitor. It ensures that the employee has enough safety and comfort by taking care of security of the industry, energy control, equipment control etc. It has modular construction and should be installed cent rally, mainly in new buildings as the wiring involved is to be taken care of. INTERFACE SYSTEM 4
Source: Magnum Technologies.

Also known as communication system, it allows the user to communicate with others. It works with high definite TV, cable TV (CATV), direct broadcasting system (DBS) etc. one can get the news or special announcements through video or audio or text form. People in some countries now do field work sitting in the comfort of their chamber through a personal computer connected to the office. On can also use it to control the instruments and share the status of the instruments with another field engineer who is far away & connected to the computer database system.

SUMMARY The latest development in robotics in Industrial environment has been discussed here. A lot of research and development is being done in this field. Industrial robots will be doing most of the industrial hold chores and the workers will be relaxing (and occasionally scolding the robots?) or take up more productive jobs. MAIN FEATURES OF THE PROJECT: 1. Simple in design, 2. Low power consumption, and compact size, 4. Linear, smooth & easy control of the vehicle due to employ of Micro-controller chip, 5. High reliability, due to the usage of power semiconductor devices and programmable Micro-controller chip, 6. Greater control range due the usage of Wi-Fi communication.

Source: Magnum Technologies.

2. BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION:

This Wi-Fi Based Advanced Robotic Vehicle for Surveillance project is divided into two parts: Transmitter & Receiver. The Transmitter part transmits the command signals to the Vehicle, where as Receiver part decodes this commands and executes them.

WI-FI TRANSMITTER: The four WI-FI coded command signals are transmitted to Robotic Vehicle in the form IR packets. Power Supply Unit: This section provides the working voltage to this Transmitter part. This transmitter part needs +12V with 65milli Amperes current consumption. This specially constructed power supply provides the voltage with accuracy.

RECEIVER PART
This Receiver part is fitted on the Vehicle and receives the command signal for execution. Let us see what this part actually does and each block in detail. In Brief: The WI-FI coded four command signals are received through WI-FI Receiver block. These four WI-FI coded signals are decoded and fed to ARM CPU. This Micro-controller process this command signals and fed to driver stage for further execution. The driver stage boosts the command signals coming out of PIC ARM CPU and actuates respective relays. Here the Indicator stage gives the indication to show which relay is activated. The relays form switching stage which smartly actuate respective relay and helps to execute the command. The four command signals helps user to control the movement of Vehicle: in forward or reverse direction; left or right turn. The pluggable Temperature Sensing Unit gets its signals from Temperature Sensor, which is fitted on the moving vehicle. The Unit has its own Micro-controller chip, whose job is to process the data given by the Temperature Sensor and display it on Liquid Crystal Display for visual representation.

Source: Magnum Technologies.

VHF Video Tx

Camera & Microphone

Motor Stage

M1

Fwd/Rev Motor Wi-Fi RECEIVER ARM Core CPU DRIVER SWITCHING STA
M2

Left/Right Motor INDICATOR

M3

V/C Motor POWER SUPPLY UNIT

BLOCK DIAGRAM
7
Source: Magnum Technologies.

The block diagram explanation goes like this: WI-FI Receiver: The five command signals are received by this stage. This stage decodes that WI-FI coded signals and fed to PIC micro-controller chip for command execution. Driver: As the switching stage performed by relays need stronger signals to get actuate, this driver stage boosts the command signals to sufficient level. The output of this driver stage is fed to indicator section and to switching stage. Indicator: This stage provides visual indication of which relay is actuated and deactivated, by glowing respective LED. Switching Stage: The relays form this switching stage and actuate themselves, whenever respective command signal is sent by the transmitter part. This switching stage controls the movement of the Robotic Vehicle and causes it to move forward/reverse or to take left/right turn and to make vaccum cleaner ON/OFF. Motor Stage: This stage has three motors: M1 for Forward & Reverse direction movement of the Robotic Vehicle, M2 for Left or Right Turn of the Vehicle, and finally M3 to switch ON/OFF the control device. Power Supply Unit: This stage provides working voltage to this Receiver part. As Transmitter Part, this part too needs two supplies, +9V & +5V for proper working voltage of the part. The +9V is produced by using a Power Pack which can hold six Alkaline batteries. The +5V is provided by regulated power supply constructed on three terminal regulator IC 7805.

Source: Magnum Technologies.