Foss Hybrid Harbor Tug

Overview

Hybrid Technology
Hybrid technology advancements Duty cycle dependant Deliver power efficiently

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Why Hybrid Makes Sense

Conventional harbor tugs have engines sized for maximum thrust, but operate well off design point most of the time Hybrid optimizes power sources (engines, batteries, generators) to run only when needed
Power sources run at or near their design point for maximum efficiency
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The Harbor Tug Dilemma

60.0% 50.0%

Percent of Time

40.0%

Large percent of time spent at very low power levels

30.0%

20.0%

10.0%

0.0% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Percent Load

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The Harbor Tug Dilemma

0.140 0.120 0.100

SFC ( Gal/hp-hr)

where fuel consumed per horsepower produced is very high

0.080 0.060 0.040 0.020 0.000 0 20 40 60 80 100 Per cent Load

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The Harbor Tug Dilemma

Inefficiency
Highly variable duty requirements

Inflated costs Negative environmental impact

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The Hybrid Solution

No unnecessary engine idling
Reduced fuel wastage and engine hours

Engines run at or near best efficiency

Reduced emissions

Minimized engine use

Reduced operating and maintenance costs

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Design Progression
Battery-centric railroad design
Quantity of batteries too heavy

Diesel-electric system with large diesel generators and batteries

Space and cost constraints

Smaller main engines, standard generators and batteries

EMS to control flow of power and optimize component usage
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AKA/XeroPoint
Technology partner/systems integrator Extensive experience in the design and delivery of marine power systems, energy management, automation and control systems International company with worldwide operations

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Dolphin Tugs

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Engineering Parameters
Compact platform-no change in hull design Fit within the confines of engine room Retain redundancy Deliver horsepower and bollard pull Make system appropriate for retrofit onto other harbor tugs
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Conventional Tug Propulsion

Auxiliary Generator
Main Engine

Stern Drive/ Prop

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Hybrid Tug
Auxiliary Generators MotorGenerators Smaller Engines Storage Battery

Decoupled Thrust

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A New Dolphin
Dolphin
Main Engines Generators Propulsion (2) CAT 3512D HD (2540 hp)

Hybrid
(2) Cummins QSK50 (1800 hp)

(2) 125 kw (168 hp) (2) 300 kw (402 hp) Rolls Royce US 205 FP ASD Rolls Royce US 205 FP ASD (2) 1,200 hp MG set 600 hp battery pack
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Four Modes of Operation

Mode Minimal Emissions Eco-Cruise Mid-Range Full Mode Power Range
0-5%

% of Operating Hours
65%

6-22%

13%

23-46%

15%

47-100%

7%

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Minimal Emissions Mode

Idle periods, no-wake maneuvering Main engines are off line Uses battery storage for hotel load and station keeping maneuvering One genset comes on as needed to recharge batteries Hotel load alone can be provided from batteries alone for extended periods
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Eco-Cruise Mode
Continuous slow transit and low power ship assist work Generators and/or one main engine provide power for z-drives; batteries provide buffer for transient load changes

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Mid-Range Mode
Continuous fast transit, controlled ship assist, barge moves Both main engines for propulsion Hotel load power supplied by motor generators Batteries provide transient ride-through

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Full Mode
Continuous fast transit and full power ship assist Both main engines, 1-2 generators and batteries available for power When power exceeds demand it can be used to charge the energy storage system
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Emissions Reductions
Compared with the operating duty cycle of the conventional Dolphin tugs in San Pedro Harbor
44% NOx reduction 44% PM reduction Reduces CO2 and SOx

Hybrid delivers the power more efficiently Batteries can be recharged using shore power
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Additional Benefits
Fuel and lube savings of 20-30% Reduced life cycle costs based on much lower main engine operating hours Can act as a mobile power generating station Reduced noise Flexible design to take advantage of technology developments Easily adaptable for retrofits as well as new builds
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Cautions
Additional capital costs Emissions benefit dependant on the operation Power generated from batteries diminish over time Increased engineering

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Conclusion
Will be launched fall of 2008 Costs could be reduced as technology advances Application dependant Relevant to new builds and retrofits The natural progression of our efforts to reduce emissions
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