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THE VERB Affirmative Interrogative Negative PRESENT SIMPLE S + V/V...s. (pers. a III sg.) Do/Does + S + V ? S + dont/doesnt + V.

We write a composition every week. Do you write compositions every week ? We dont write comp. every day. He usually writes good composition. Does he usually write good compositions ? He usually doesnt write bad comp. It is used to express Translation actiuni obisnuite, repetate. Se foloseste cu: prezent every day/week/year,etc. once/twice a week/a month,etc usually,always,never,often,seldom,etc. PRESENT CONTINUOUS S + am/is/are + V...ing. Am/Is/Are + S + V...ing ? S + aint/isnt/arent + V...ing. We are studying English now. Is he studying English now ? I am not studying Biology now. It is used to express Translation actiuni in desfasurare in momentul vorbirii. Se foloseste cu: now,at the moment,at present,etc. prezent PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE S + have/has + Verb 3rd. Have/Has + S + Verb 3rd ? S + havent/hasnt + Verb 3rd. He has drunk his tea. Has he already seen the photographs ? He hasnt been here since November. They have just said Good-bye. Have you seen him lately ? We havent talked to her this week. It is used to express Translation A. o actiune terminata al carei moment nu este precizat exact perfectul compus o actiune trecuta incheiata recent.Se foloseste cu: just,lately,recently already,yet adverbe de frecventa o actiune terminata intr-o perioada de timp care nu s-a incheiat. Se foloseste cu: today,this week/year,etc. B. o actiune inceputa in trecut care continua in prezent. Se foloseste cu: since,for prezent PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS S + have/has + been + V...ing. Have/Has + S + been + V...ing ? S + havent/hasnt + been + V...ing. We have been looking a photos for 2 hrs. Have you been living here since 1978 ? They havent been reading all this time. It is used to express Translation o actiune inceputa in trecut care continua in prezent. prezent PAST SIMPLE S + V...ed/Verb 2nd Did + S + V ? S + didnt + V Yesterday,he reached school at 7.30 am. Did he reach school at 7.30 am yesterday ? He didnt reach school at 7 yesterday. He went to school when he was younger. Did he go to school when he was younger ? He didnt go to school when he was y... It is used to express Translation A. o actiune savirsita si incheiata intr-un moment trecut. Se foloseste cu: perfectul compus yesterday,last{week month,etc.} ..... ago in 1980,on Monday,etc. B. actiune obisnuita, repetata in trecut. Se foloseste cu: often,frequently,usually,etc. imperfect PAST CONTINUOUS S + was/were + V...ing Was/Were + S + V...ing ? S + wasnt/werent + V...ing He was teaching at 9 am yesterday. Was he teaching at 9 am yesterday ? He wasnt teaching at 7 yesterday. We were waiting for him when he arrived Were you waiting for him when he arrived We werent reading, when he arrived. It is used to express Translation o actiune in desfasurare intr-un moment trecut. (specificarea momentului trecut e obligatorie) imperfect Momentul trecut se exprima prin: adverb (locutiune): by 6 oclock,Saturday,etc. subordonata temporara: at this time, yesterday PAST PERFECT SIMPLE S + had + Verb 3rd Had + S + Verb 3rd ? S + hadnt + Verb 3rd We had already left when you arrived. Had he left before they arrived ? He hadnt left by 6 p.m. yesterday. It is used to express Translation o actiune din trecut anterioara unui moment in trecut sau a unei alte actiuni din trecut. mai mult ca perfect Momentul trecut se specifica prin: adverbe (locutiuni): by 6 oclock,Saturday,etc. subordonate temporale: at this time, yesterday PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS Situation: Yesterday afternoon at 4 Mary started practicing the piano. At 5 oclock when

her sister arrive from work she was still practicing.

S + had + been + V...ing Had + S + been + V...ing ? S + hadnt + been + V...ing She had been practicing for an hour when Had she been practicing for an hour ? She hadnt been practicing for an hour. her sister came from work. It is used to express Translation o actiune inceputa inaintea unui moment sau actiuni din trecut, continuind pina in acel moment sau imperfect pina la acea actiune. Se foloseste cu: since, for FUTURE SIMPLE S + shall/will + V Shall/Will + S + V ? S + shant/wont + V We shall go to the seaside next summer. Shall I find them home if I go now ? We shant be there when he arrives. Our friends wil come with us if they can. Will he arrive next week ? She wont come back tomorrow. It is used to express Translation o actiune care are loc intr-un moment viitor. Momentul viitor se exprima prin: viitorul simplu adverbe: tomorrow,next week/month/year,etc. subordonate temporale o actiune viitoare a carei act. e conditionata de alta actiune. Conditia se exprima prin subordonata conditionala(if) FUTURE CONTINUOUS S + shall/will + be + V...ing Shall/Will + S + be + V...ing ? S + shant/wont + be + V...ing They will be visiting the Village Museum. Will they be waiting for me when I arrive? They wont be standing outside... It is used to express Translation actiune in desfasurare intr-un moment viitor. Se foloseste cu: viitor adverbe(locutiuni): this time,tomorow,at 5pm,on Monday

Situation:The 9th form pupils are standing outside the V. M.Peter who is always late hasnt arrived yet.The form teacher is buying the tickets. In a few moments (aff).(neg) any longer when Peter arrives.On his way to the museum Peter is wondering (int)

DIRECT SPEECH Imperative Present Tense Present Perfect Past Tense Future Tense Affirmative: Tell me the poem ! Negative: Dont play now ! I dont know what to say. I have learnt it. I learnt the poem yesterday. I shall learn the poem tomorrow.

INDIRECT SPEECH He asked me to tell him the poem. He asked me not to play. He said he didnt know what to say. He said he had learnt it

after a verb in Past Tense ! Imperative Past Tense Past Perfect Past Perfect Future in the Past
Should / Would +Verb

He said he had learnt the poem the day before. He said he would learn the poem the next day.

In Indirect Speech you must remember that after a verb in the Past Tense ! direct speech now this these indirect speech then that those direct speech yesterday two day ago last week indirect speech the day before two days before the week before Indirect Speech Questions I asked if/weather he was ill. I asked if/weather he had any books. I asked if/weather he could go out. I asked if/weather I might see him. I asked if/weather he would get better soon. I asked when he wanted to see him. I asked how he knew about it. I asked when he had phoned you the day before. FUTURE TENSE Y will follow MAIN CLAUSE (prop. principala) we shall go to the T. Museum next Sunday. Then we shall go to the Technical M.next Sunday vom merge la M. T. duminica viitoare. PRESENT CONDITIONAL (Would + Verb) Y would follow MAIN CLAUSE (propozitia prin.) they would go for a swim. They would not go for a swim. s-ar duce sa inoate. you would not reach school late. You reach school late. nu ai ajunge tirziu la scoala. PAST CONDITIONAL (Would + Have+3rd Verb) Y would have followed MAIN CLAUSE (prop. principala) they would have gone for a swim. They did not go for a swim. ne-am fi dus sa inotam. you would not have reached school late. You reached school late. nu ai fi ajuns la scoala tirziu. direct speech today / tonight tomorrow next week indirect speech that day / night the next day the next week

Direct Speech Questions Is he ill ? Has he any books to read ? Can you go out ? May I see you him ? Will he get better soon ? When do you want to see him ? How does he know about it ? When did he phoned you yesterday ? CONDITIONAL SENTENCE TYPE 1 Tense sequence Example State of facts Translation Tense sequence Example 1 State of facts Translation Example 2 State of facts Translation Tense sequence Example 1 State of facts Translation Example 2 State of facts Translation

BE, HAVE, CAN, MAY, WILL (Yes / No Questions)

DO, DOES, DID..., (WH...Questions)

PRESENT TENSE if X happens IF CLAUSE (sub. conditionata) If the teacher agrees, Perhaps he will agree. Daca profesorul va fi de acord, PAST TENSE if X happened IF CLAUSE (subordonata cond.) If the weather were, fine, The weather is not fine. Daca vremea ar fi buna, If you did not get up late, You get up late. Daca nu te-ai scula tirziu, PAST PERFECT TENSE if X happened IF CLAUSE (sub. conditionata) If the weather had been, fine, The weather was not fine. Daca vremea ar fi fost buna, If you had not got up late, You got up late. Daca nu te-ai fi sculat tirziu,

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE TYPE 2

BE WERE

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE TYPE 3

Future Simple is not used in adverbial clauses of time and conditions after this words:
if before when after

Present

till unless Perfect is used instead.

until as soon as

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