DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF PISTON-TYPE BRIQUETTING MACHINE USING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

BY

EGWU THOMAS CHUKS (MEE/04/4324)

A PROJECT SUBMITTED

SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIIES DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, AKURE YABA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY CAMPUS YABA, LAGOS.

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR TO THE THE AWARD OF POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

AUGUST,2007

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF PISTON-TYPE BRIQUETTING MACHINE USING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

A PROJECT SUBMITTED

BY

EGWU THOMAS CHUKS (MEE/04/4324)

SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIIES DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, AKURE YABA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY CAMPUS YABA, LAGOS

CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that the Design and Construction of Hydraulic driven Piston Type Briquetting requirement Engineering, Machine was completed for the award and submitted in partial fulfilment (PGD) of the

of Postgraduate

Diploma

in Mechanical

of the Federal University of Technology,

Akure, (Yaba College of

Technology Campus).

Project Co-ordinator

....... r,'.$: ..~: ..A9.~1~y.i.gJ;:?~::,'.: P

Head of Department, FUTA

III

DEDICATION

I dedicate this project to God Almighty, the Alpha and Omega of this project, my wife, Mrs Nkechi Egwu and my two sons, Daniel and David and my project supervisor, Engr A. Adedeji and the entire family.

IV

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I thank the almighty God for his protection and guidance in the smooth running of our programme and for all the successes I have achieved so far.

Once again,

I wish to thank

my Project

supervisor,

Engr. Adedeji

For his

assistance and instructions during the course of the entire project. I wish to also express my sincere gratitude to Engr Akintola for his professional assistance. advice and

Finally, I record my thanks to my fellow PGD colleagues of the Federal university of Technology, Akure, (Yabatech Campus), for their valuable contribution. May the Lord almighty reward you all in JESUS NAME. AMEN.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE PHOTO TILE PAGE CERTIFICATION DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT
II III

iv

v
vi vii

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 INTRODUCTION STATEMENT OF PROBLEM PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT JUSTIFICATION OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT 1 5 6 6 6

CHAPTER TWO 2.0 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5 2.1.6 2.1.7 2.1.8 LITERATURE REVIEW MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE HISTORY OF BRIQUETTING PISTON PRESSES THE RESIDUE BASE FIELD RESIDUES PROCESS RESIDUES THE MARKET FOR BRIQUETTES THE HOUSEHOLD MARKET INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL FURNACES AND KILNS 2.1.9 2.1.10 CAN BRIQUETTES COMPETE? DEVOLOPMENT 33 35 39 7 8 12 14 17 22 24 29 31

VI

2.1.11

BIOMASS

40

CHAPTER THREE 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.3.5 3.3.6 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6.1 3.7 3.8 METHODOLOGY DESIGN CONSTRUCTION OPERATION OF THE BRIOUETTING MACHINE MACHINE DESCRIPTION ELECTRIC MOTOR THE HOPPER THE PISTON THE CYLINDER BRIOUETTING DIE MAIN FRAME DESIGN SPECIFICATION MAINTENANCE COMPONENT PARTS MAINTENANCE PISTON ELECTRIC MOTOR MATERIAL SELECTION 42 42 42 43 43 44 44 44 44 46 46 48 48 49 50 51

CHAPTER FOUR 4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 56

CHAPTER FIVE 6.0 6.1 CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION 58 58

REFERENCES

59

VB

ABSTRACT Solid Waste is a daily problem encountered in many of our developed countries including Nigeria. One of the major solutions of this Solid Waste is the management of this waste and one of the solutions is not far fetched. The design and construction of the piston type briquetting machine, using

Hydraulic, was a task that has to be delved into as one of the means of managing solid waste especially in Nigeria. These generated wastes are converted into briquettes which in turn is a great source of income. It also serves environment. Some of these materials such as sawdust, coal dust, wood shaving and as a means of reducing the quantity of solid waste in our

agricultural

wastes such as milled maze cobs, and cowpea pods are used for

making these briquettes. The achievement of this technology which deals with the types of material use, the tools the equipment used and the cost of the construction of their project shall be explain.

VJ11