CONSTITUTION OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF ANTARCTICA 1994 (As Amended 2004)

International Geophysical Year (IGY) 32 (January 1, 2004 through July 1, 2005)

WE the People of the Commonwealth of Antarctica, in order to Establish International

Unity, Secure Justice, Promote Scientific Discovery and International Exploration do hereby ordain and establish this Constitution of and for the International Commonwealth of Antarctica.

ARTICLE ONE
Section 1. Composition of the Legislative Council: The powers conferred upon the Legislative Council by this Constitution and these Articles shall be vested in a International Council composed Scientific Representatives and a Senate. Section 2. House of Representatives The House of Scientific (Academic) Representatives shall be composed of Members having prominent academic standing who shall be chosen through universal internet elections every four years by popular majority vote. Electors of each State, member States of the United Nations, shall elect Representatives based upon prominent academic achievement and standing without regards to race, religion, sex, or national origins. Each Representative shall be considered for the House based upon their contributions to science and technology of whatever kind. Senate The Senate shall be composed of Members having prominent political achievement and standing without regards to race, religion, sex, or national origins. Each Senator shall serve the Legislative Council for a period of Four Years and meet annually at a Political Convention meeting according to and in such manner as the United Nations shall direct, upon

recommendation of the House of Representatives. Each Senator who shall serve in the Legislative Council shall be chosen through universal internet elections every four years by popular majority vote. Section 3. Enumeration of Representatives Representatives shall be enumerated based upon the whole number of popular academic votes, shall serve the Commonwealth for Three Years and meet at an annual Convention of Scientists meeting at McMurdo Sound, Antarctica and shall apportion taxes based upon said popular votes.

Section 4.
Procedures for Elections The procedures for popular elections of Representatives and Senators shall be according to rules and regulations promulgated by the Legislative Council. The Speaker and Other officers shall be by appointment of the Senate or the President as the case may call for. Section 5. Privileges and Duties Each Representative and Senator shall be afforded immunity from arrest or detention when in the course of the business of the Legislative Council and shall bear the duties and obligations of all lawful citizens of this Commonwealth. Nothing in the laws of this Commonwealth shall provide immunity from arrest or detention in any case of breach of the peace, felony or high misdemeanor committed by any Representative or Senator. Section 6. Bills, Laws, And Amendments All Bills, Laws, and Amendments concerning the environment or safety of the Antarctic Convergence passed by the Senate or House of Representatives, as the case may be shall be by two thirds vote; but no veto by the President shall be conclusive thereof unless by concurrence of both the Senate and House of Representatives. Section 7. Obligations and Duties of Legislative Council

The Obligations and Duties of the Legislative Council shall be binding upon all Members thereof and nothing in any laws, statutes, treaties, codes or regulations of any State shall impair or obstruct the obligations and duties of the Legislative Council.
The House of Representatives shall be charged with presentation of every bill, or recommendation to the President, or the United Nations, as the case may be, upon a majority two thirds vote of the Senate for passage of any bill into law or any environmental emergency resolution to be presented to the UN Security Counsel as the case may require.

The Council shall have the power to promulgate all codes and statutes necessary and proper for the citizenry of the Commonwealth; for establishing all courts of law as may be necessary to secure Liberty and Justice, Freedom of Speech and Conscience of persons, property, papers and effects pertaining to this Commonwealth or its respective citizenry. To promote the progress of Humanitarian Aid and Welfare, International Development, Arts and Sciences, Space Exploration and Discoveries by appropriate and necessary legislation. To coin and circulate money and provide for the regulation of domestic and foreign electronic commercial instruments. To establish set standards for commercial rates, weights, measures and circulation of electronic commercial instruments. To borrow electronic and paper money and coin on the credit of the Commonwealth. To pay, by appropriations from the Treasury; all debts incurred by the Commonwealth. To regulate Commerce within the Antarctic Convergence between foreign nations, states and the Commonwealth. To provide for Uniform Rules of Taxation, and Bankruptcy Laws. To provide for Uniform Rules of Charitable Claims or Obligations, Naturalization, Patent and Copyright laws for the registration of records, documents, and proofs relevant thereto in the Internet Archives of this Commonwealth. To promote and establish standards of legal procedures for Regional Noahide Courts and establish the Antarctica International Education Day, Bnai Brit Noach.

To establish International Defense Forces for non-aggressive peaceful purposes within the Antarctic Convergence and as United Nations observers in domestic districts and foreign regions.
To make all laws, statutes, rules and regulations which shall be necessary and proper for execution of the powers vested by this Constitution in all Officers, Agents and Ministries of this Commonwealth.

ARTICLE TWO
Section 1. Executive Powers The executive powers shall be vested in the Office of the President and the Executive Department of this Commonwealth. The President shall serve for a term of Seven years together with the Vice President. They shall be elected by popular (majority) vote of the United Nations Security Council. Section 2. Duties and Obligations of Executive Powers

The duties and obligations of the office of President and the Executive Department shall be to carry out the laws of this Commonwealth upon advice and consent of the Senate, the President shall act as Commander in Chief of the International Defense Forces upon taking an oath or affirmation before the Legislative Council or the United Nations Security Council, as the case may be. Section 3. Extent of Executive Powers The extent of the Executive powers shall be for the appointment of Ambassadors, Consuls and other Public Ministers, to Establish Commissions and Boards of Officers, elect for Nomination of Judges to the Noachide Courts, to grant Reprieves or Pardon upon recommendation of any Commission and to act in cases of war as Commander in Chief for the execution of any Treaties, Conventions or International Protocol established, adopted, or entered into by this Commonwealth. As Commander in Chief, the President may appoint any Military personnel as a United Nations Observer at any Science Station to act as an Advisor to the United Nations Security Council in any Emergency matter of a scientific nature. Any such appointment shall be limited to time, place, and matter of an Emergency nature only and shall not extend beyond the crisis requiring Advisory Intervention by the UN Observer acting in that capacity. Section 4. Removal From Executive Office

The removal from any office or official capacity shall be limited to cases of impeachment, treason, felony, bribery, of incapacity or disability and shall be approved by the Senate at the advice of the United Nations Security Council; but no person removed from the Executive Department for cases of impeachment, bribery or breach of obligations or duties shall be entitled to a reprieve or pardon from any Commission or Board of Officers established therefor.

ARTICLE THREE
Section 1. Judicial Powers The Judicial powers shall be vested in International regional Noachide Courts of Justice inferior to the International Court of Justice sitting at the Hague, Netherlands. Section 2. Duties and Obligations of Judiciary The duties and obligations of the Judiciary shall be for trial of all Noachide cases in law and justice affecting Ambassadors, Consuls, Public Ministers, and any Internationally Protected Person;

and for the deciding of all controversies affecting any Treaty, Convention, Protocol or International Law, Statutes, or Codes involving Admiralty, Maritime or Commerce Laws occurring within or affecting the Antarctic Convergence or this Commonwealth. Section 3. Extent of Judiciary The extent of the Judiciary outside the Antarctic Convergence shall be limited to procedural, remedial or administrative cases or trials of an advisory nature only, except as provided for in any Treaty or Convention or Protocol enacted or entered into by this Commonwealth and no decision or opinion of any Noachide Court shall be binding on the International Community without the consent of the United Nations Security Council where all Members are present and sitting for the business of that Forum. In all cases of an non-Advisory nature, the extent of the Judiciary within the Antarctic Convergence shall be binding on the International Community and all Regional cases, trials or judicial acts of the Judiciary which are external to the Convergence shall have original and exclusive jurisdiction in any matter involving any Internationally Protected Person and any opinion, decree, or judgment shall be afforded full faith and credit as to the Judicial Acts, Records and Proceedings thereof in any other sovereignty.

ARTICLE FOUR
Section 1. Full Faith And Credit Full faith and credit shall be afforded to the Public acts, records and proceedings of every public body, board or commission, and shall be proved or attested to in the manner provided for by code or regulation enacted therefor. Section 2. Privileges And Immunities The citizens of this Commonwealth shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities afforded to any Internationally Protected Person in transit within, to or from the Antarctic Convergence except as otherwise provided for by law, regulation, or code. In any case involving attainder, penal servitude or fugitive status, any fugitive from justice shall be extradited or remanded to proper authorities without delay; and no person subject to such judicial decree shall be entitled to any privileges or immunities afforded to any person or citizen found within the sovereignty of this Commonwealth. Section 3. Admission of New States The admission of new states into the Union of the Polar Territories (Commonwealth of Antarctica) shall be limited to polar states formed within or without Biosphere One involving islands; or planets or other bodies that may be or are extraterrestrial to the Earth. No new state shall be admitted to the Union of the Polar Territories which shall not adhere to the Seven Universal Noachide Laws. No new state shall be composed of citizens whereof the majority shall consist of persons having attainder or corruption of consanguinity except where provided for by law or the approval of any commission or the UN Security Council established for the purposes of

determining the suitability therefor of such person or persons. Section 4.

Form of Government

All states or territories of this Commonwealth shall be entitled to a representative form of government.

ARTICLE FIVE
Powers of Amendment The powers of Amending this Constitution shall be by two thirds vote of the Legislative Council upon ratification or approval of the UN Security Council, provided that no Senator shall be deprived of equal suffrage in the Legislative Council when convened for a Vote of Amendment.

ARTICLE SIX
Treaties, Debts and Obligations All Treaties, Conventions, Protocols, or International Agreements entered into prior to the Ratification of this Constitution involving or affecting the Commonwealth and any Debts or other Obligations contracted by the Commonwealth prior to the Ratification of this Constitution shall be binding upon this Commonwealth. Supreme Law of Convergence This Constitution, and the Laws, Treaties, Conventions, or Protocols which shall hereafter be made or adopted in pursuance thereof under the authority of the Commonwealth shall be the supreme law of the Antarctic Convergence. Nothing in the books, records or proceedings of any religious or other body to the contrary shall have precedent as against this Constitution. Every Oath or Affirmation of Citizenship or Office shall be tested by procedures and regulations provided therefor as a qualification for office of trust or fidelity to this Constitution.

ARTICLE SEVEN
Ratification By Treaty

This Constitution shall be Ratified by majority vote of the United Nations.