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    Budditha Hettige
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    What is an applet?, The Life-Cycle of Applet, Applet on NetBeans

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    What is an applet?, The Life-Cycle of Applet, Applet on NetBeans

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    26 views6 pages

    Java Applet

    Uploaded by

    Budditha Hettige
    What is an applet?, The Life-Cycle of Applet, Applet on NetBeans

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 6

    What is an applet?

    CSC 308 2.0


    applet: a Java program that can be inserted into a web page and run by loading that page in a browser
    Brings web pages to life with interactive content, multimedia, games, and more The feature of Java that is primarily responsible for its initial popularity Users can run applets simply by visiting a web page that contains an applet program (if they have the Java runtime environment installed on their computer)

    System Development with Java Introduction to

    Java Applets
    Budditha Hettige Department of Statistics and Computer Science

    Budditha Hettige

    Applet classes in Java


    implementation
    a top-level container, like a JFrame behaves more like a JPanel
    class javax.swing.JApplet
    java.lang.Object java.awt.Component java.awt.Container

    Applets contd.
    Program that runs in
    appletviewer (test utility for applets) Web browser (IE, Communicator)

    Executes when HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) document containing applet is opened and downloaded Applications run in command windows

    java.awt.Panel
    java.applet.Applet javax.swing.JApplet

    Budditha Hettige

    Budditha Hettige

    Sample Program
    import java.awt.Graphics; import javax.swing.JApplet; // import class Graphics // import class JApplet public class WelcomeApplet extends JApplet { // draw text on applets background public void paint( Graphics g ) { // call superclass version of method paint super.paint( g ); // draw a String at x-coordinate 25 and y-coordinate g.drawString( "Welcome to Java Programming!", 25, 25 ); } // end method paint } // end class WelcomeApplet

    Running the applet


    Compile
    javac WelcomeApplet.java If no errors, bytecodes stored in WelcomeApplet.class

    Create an HTML file


    Loads the applet into appletviewer or a browser Ends in .htm or .html

    To execute an applet
    Create an HTML file indicating which applet the browser (or appletviewer) should load and execute 5
    Budditha Hettige

    Budditha Hettige

    Create a HTML file


    1

    Execute an applet
    appletviewer only understands <applet> tags
    Ignores everything else Minimal browser

    2 3 4

    <html> <applet code = "WelcomeApplet.class" width = "300" height = "45"> </applet> </html>

    Simple HTML file (WelcomeApplet.html)


    Usually in same directory as .class file Remember, .class file created after compilation

    HTML codes (tags)


    Usually come in pairs Begin with < and end with >

    Executing the applet


    appletviewer WelcomeApplet.html Perform in directory containing .class file

    Lines 1 and 4 - begin and end the HTML tags Line 2 - begins <applet> tag
    Specifies code to use for applet Specifies width and height of display area in pixels

    Line 3 - ends <applet> tag

    Budditha Hettige

    Budditha Hettige

    The paint method


    paint needs to be told where on the screen it can draw This will be the only parameter it needs paint doesnt return any result A Graphics (short for Graphics context) is an object that holds information about a painting It remembers what color you are using It remembers what font you are using You can paint on it (but it doesnt remember what you have painted)
    Budditha Hettige

    Colors
    The java.awt package defines a class named Color There are 13 predefined colorshere are their fully-qualified names:
    Color.BLACK Color.DARK_GRAY Color.GRAY Color.LIGHT_GRAY Color.WHITE Color.PINK Color.RED Color.ORANGE Color.YELLOW Color.MAGENTA Color.GREEN Color.CYAN Color.BLUE

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    Colors
    New Colors
    Every color is a mix of red, green, and blue You can make your own colors: new Color( red , green , blue ) Amounts range from 0 to 255 Black is (0, 0, 0), white is (255, 255, 255) We are mixing lights, not pigments Yellow is red + green, or (255, 255, 0)

    Pixels
    A pixel is a picture (pix) element
    one pixel is one dot on your screen there are typically 72 to 90 pixels per inch

    java.awt measures everything in pixels

    Setting a color
    To use a color, we tell our Graphics g what color we want:
    g.setColor(Color.RED);

    g will remember this color and use it for everything until we tell it some different color

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    Javas coordinate system


    (0, 0) (0, 20) (50, 0) (50, 20)

    Drawing rectangles
    There are two ways to draw rectangles:
    g.drawRect( left , top , width , height );

    (w-1, h-1)

    Java uses an (x, y) coordinate system (0, 0) is the top left corner (50, 0) is 50 pixels to the right of (0, 0) (0, 20) is 20 pixels down from (0, 0) (w - 1, h - 1) is just inside the bottom right corner, where w is the width of the window and h is its height
    Budditha Hettige

    g.fillRect(left , top , width , height );

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    Sample Applet
    import java.applet.Applet; import java.awt.*; public class Drawing extends Applet { public void paint(Graphics g) { g.setColor(Color.BLUE); g.fillRect(20, 20, 50, 30); g.setColor(Color.RED); g.fillRect(50, 30, 50, 30); } }
    Budditha Hettige

    More java.awt methods


    g.drawLine( x1 , y1 , x2 , y2 ); g.drawOval( left , top , width , height ); g.fillOval( left , top , width , height ); g.drawRoundRect( left , top , width , height ); g.fillRoundRect( left , top , width , height ); g.drawArc( left , top , width , height , startAngle , arcAngle );

    g.drawString( string , x , y );

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    Applet Methods
    public public public public public public public public public void void void void void init () start () stop () destroy () paint (Graphics)
    java .a wt.Pa nel

    Applet Method contd.


    public void stop() { import java.applet.*; // Called whenever the page containing this import java.awt.*; // applet is not visible. public class BasicApplet extends } Applet { public void destroyed() {

    java .a pplet.Apple t destroy()

    public void init() {


    // Called once by the browser when // it starts the applet.

    // Called once when the browser destroys // this applet.

    void repaint() void update (Graphics) void showStatus(String) String getParameter(String)

    init() start() stop()

    } public void start() {


    // Called whenever the page containing
    // this applet is made visible.

    } public void paint(Graphics g) { // Called whenever this applet needs


    to // repaint itself.

    } }

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    The Life-Cycle of Applet


    {

    Applet Life-Cycle (Cont.)


    {

    init()
    z
    z

    Called exactly once in an applets life. Called when applet is first loaded, which is after object creation, e.g., when the browser visits the web page for the first time. Used to read applet parameters, start downloading any other images or media files, etc.
    Called at least once. Called when an applet is started or restarted, i.e., whenever the browser visits the web page. Called at least once. Called when the browser leaves the web page.
    Budditha Hettige

    destroy()
    z z z

    Called exactly once. Called when the browser unloads the applet. Used to perform any final clean-up.
    init

    start()
    z z

    start

    stop()
    z z

    stop

    destroy

    start

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    Passing parameter to applet


    Parameters can be placed in the HTML code of your web page, which your applet can read:

    Applet on NetBeans

    <APPLET code="mypackage/MyApplet.class" width=400 height=300> <PARAM name="password" value="Tacoma"> </PARAM> </APPLET>


    Methods in the JApplet class: public String getParameter(String name) Returns the value of the parameter with the given name. String password = this.getParameter("password"); public String[][] getParameterInfo() Returns an array of all parameter names, descriptions, and values.

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    Sample Programs
    C:/Program Files/Java/jdk1.6.0_23/demo/applets/

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