B Als - Series 2 05-11 Siae

ALS Series
Dual Native IP/SDH/SPDH Microwave Radio for Point-to-Point applications
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Document Number B.ALS_SERIES.2.05-11 Page 2 of 61
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GENERAL INDEX
ABBREVIATIONS........................................................................................................................................................... 5 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ON ALS SERIES ................................................................................................................... 7 Applications ............................................................................................................................................................. 8 Product Range ......................................................................................................................................................... 9 IDUs application range ............................................................................................................................................ 9 ODUs application range ......................................................................................................................................... 10 IDU-ODU compatibility .......................................................................................................................................... 10 Main Features........................................................................................................................................................ 11 NMS common Platform ......................................................................................................................................... 11 Outdoor Unit Characteristics ................................................................................................................................. 12 Indoor Unit characteristics .................................................................................................................................... 16 ALC IDU (PDH/ETH) ................................................................................................................................................ 18 ALplus IDU (PDH/ETH) ........................................................................................................................................... 20 ALS IDU (SDH/ETH) ............................................................................................................................................... 27 ALplus2 IDU (SPDH/SDH/ETH) ............................................................................................................................... 32 Adaptive Code Modulation (ACM) ............................................................................................................................ 32 General Concepts .................................................................................................................................................. 32 Traffic classification ............................................................................................................................................... 32 Link Quality measurement .................................................................................................................................... 33 Nodal Interconnections ......................................................................................................................................... 40 ETHERNET CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................................................................... 42 Ethernet Frame mapping over Radio Link ............................................................................................................. 42 Ethernet Throughput ............................................................................................................................................. 42 Ethernet Interface characteristics ......................................................................................................................... 42 QoS management .................................................................................................................................................. 43 Ethernet Resiliency ................................................................................................................................................ 43 MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................................ 46 TMN Connection.................................................................................................................................................... 46 TMN Protocols ....................................................................................................................................................... 47 Management Functionalities................................................................................................................................. 49 Management Software.......................................................................................................................................... 49 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................................................................. 50 Physical Dimensions of system components......................................................................................................... 50
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Weight ................................................................................................................................................................... 50 Power supply ......................................................................................................................................................... 51 Power Consumption .............................................................................................................................................. 51 Environmental conditions ..................................................................................................................................... 51 Frequently requested standards compliances (Note1) ................................................................................................. 52 APPENDIX 1: Adaptive Modulation details................................................................................................................ 53 Appendix 2 : Ethernet Benchmark parameters. ........................................................................................................ 53 Latency .................................................................................................................................................................. 54 Throughput ............................................................................................................................................................ 58
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ABBREVIATIONS
ACM ATPC BW CAPEX CRC DCCr DCN DSCP ETH` FEC IDU IP IPV4 IPV6 IS-IS LAN LCT MAC MDI MDIX MPS MSE MST NE NMS NML NMS5UX/LX ODU Adaptive Code Modulation Automatic Transmission Power Control Bandwidth Capital Expenditure Cyclic Redundancy Check Data Communication Channel Regenerator Data Communication Network Different Service Code Point Ethernet Forward Error Corrector Indoor Unit Internet Protocol Internet Protocol Version 4 and Version 6 Intermediate system to intermediate system Local Area network Local Craft Terminal Media Access Control Medium Dependent Interface Medium Dependent Interface Crossover Multiplex Section Protection Mean Square Error Multiple Section Terminal Network Element Network Management System Network Manager SIAE MICROELETTRONICA Network Management System Outdoor Unit
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OSI OSPF PDH QAM QoS RU SCT SDH SNMP SPDH SW TDM TMN ToS VLAN WAN XPIC
Open System Interconnection Open Shortest Path First Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Quality of Service Rack Unit Subnetwork Craft Terminal Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Simple Network Protocol Management Super PDH Software Time Division Multiplexing Telecommunication Management Network Type of Service Virtual Local Area Network Wide Area Network Cross Polar Interference Canceller
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION ON ALS SERIES

The PDH/SDH/Ethernet ALS MW Radio series is the ideal solution for a wide range of applications in both access networks and backbone provisioning. It is also a competitive alternative or complement solution to optical fiber networks in any application that requires: Cost-effective, rapid deployment and modular implementation of a network Terrain independent connectivity The ALS Series provides scalable data rates from 4 to 500 Mbit/s per radio module with a single platform across the full range of licensed frequency bands.
Figure 1 - ALS Series MW Radio
A single shelf can manage up to 1 Gbit/s with 1RU version. A unique distributed processing architecture allows expanding the node capacity up to 8xGbit/s. A wide range of tributary interfaces and system configurations offer maximum versatility in system engineering and network planning. Ethernet traffic is handled by a powerful integrated switch able to manage VLANs, QoS and ToS. Modularity options, commonalities, and extensive software management capabilities result in cost-effectiveness and scalability, yielding a product that will easily fulfill any future requirement. Full SW licensing approach allows very smooth migration from pure TDM to IP networks, with very low initial CAPEX. The ALS equipment is managed by an SNMP agent using communication ports that are able to connect to IP and OSI DCNs. This greatly simplify integration efforts in existing NMS networks. Several IDU models are available ranging from single board solutions to nodal implementations in which high capacities and complex protection schemes are required:
ALC IDU ALCplus IDU ALplus IDU ALS-c IDU ALS IDU
(Compact for PDH/Ethernet traffic) (Compact for PDH/Ethernet traffic) (Modular for PDH/Ethernet traffic) (Compact for SDH traffic) (Modular for SDH/Ethernet traffic)
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ALCplus2 IDU and ALCplus2e IDU ALplus2 IDU
(Compact and Enhanced Compact for PDH, SDH and Ethernet traffic or a mix of them) (Modular, for PDH, SDH and Ethernet traffic or a mix of them)
Two ODU versions have been designed with the target of being at the same time compact, light and easy to install/maintain and characterized by high performances: AL ODU AS ODU
Applications
The ALS Series has been conceived and designed to cover a wide range of applications, such as: 2G and 3G / 4G / LTE Mobile Network Infrastructure 10/100/1000 Mbit/s Ethernet connections WiMAX backhauling LTE backhauling Private data Networks (WANs, LANs, etc.) Utility Networks (Railways, Pipelines, etc.) Back-up transmission medium to Fibre Optic links Spur Links for Backbones/Rings Last Mile Fibre Extension Leased Lines Replacement High Capacity SDH/IP Radio Ring Deployment up to 4xSTM-1/800 Mbit/s High Capacity Broadband Access Networks
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Product Range
The ALS Series is available in all frequency bands from 6 GHz (6L and 6U) to 42 GHz (4GHz is available for PDH/ETH application), unduplicated or duplicated configuration and with throughput capacity from 4Mbit/s up to 500 Mbit/s per radio module, with mixed TDM and ETH interfaces. The modulation scheme is software programmable from 4QAM to 256QAM for ALplus2 IDU, with full featured hitless ACM (Adaptive Code and Modulation). ALS exploits an innovative dual native radio engine capable of transmitting both native TDM (from 4xE1 up to 4xSTM-1) and native ETH (up to 1 Gbit/s). In equipment configurations such as ALS IDU with 4xSTM-1 and 2xSTM-1 or ALCplus2e IDU, frequency re-use (cochannel operation) is available with the XPIC technology (Cross Polar Interference Canceller).
IDUs application range
Figure 2- IDUs application range
Throughput in above figures are also referred to multishelves configurations, with traffic aggregation. Eg. Gbps capacity can be provided by one single LCplus2e IDU as well as by aggregating 2xALCplus2 IDUs. In the same way aggregating 2xALCplus2e IDUs, an aggregated 2.0 Gbps throughput is achieved.
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ODUs application range
Figure 3 - ODUs application range
IDU-ODU compatibility
AL ODU
AS/ASN ODU
Table 1 - IDU-ODU compatibility
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Main Features
Scalable capacity, integrated XPIC functionality, high performance and reliability, ease of installation, common NMS platform and cost effectiveness make the ALS Series the proper network solution for a wide set of network applications. Both electrical and optical interfaces are available on the same terminal radio equipment. Adaptive Code and Modulation allows the automatic selection of the optimum modulation scheme according to current radio link propagation conditions and on received signals quality can be software enabled; on the basis of received signal quality calculations, the ALS Series can increase the system gain when needed, thus forwarding the high priority traffic in bad propagation conditions too. In addition, the introduction of heavily coded modulation schemes allows the system to perform in challenging environmental conditions. With ACM and traffic classification, each traffic class is assigned with its minimum required QoS, allowing easy overbooking of existing radio link, without any impact on antenna sizes and infrastructure hardware. ALCplus2 IDU with its state-of-art high speed ACM can compensate fading speed up to 40dB/s; this allows easy network planning in very bad environment condition characterized of deep fading conditions and with fast fading phenomena (e.g multiple path interference for lower frequency bands) In addition, user configurable ACM profiles allow per-link optimization with the possibility to full customize adaptive modulation behavior. Delay compensation allows jitter free modulation switchover.
NMS common Platform

The ALS series is integrated into the SCT/LCT, NMS5LX and NMS5UX Network Management System platforms developed by SIAE MICROELETTRONICA, and capable of controlling and monitoring all equipment included in SIAE MICROELETTRONICA product catalogue. As an alternative a WEB management (with embedded WEB server) is available as an installation-less management option. All SIAE MICROELETTRONICA NMS solutions are based on standard protocols. SNMP Protocol is used for TMN connections with standard communication protocol stacks and industry-standard interfaces allowing equipment connection to any IP or OSI-based DCN.
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Outdoor Unit Characteristics

The ODU has been designed with the target of being at the same time compact, light and easy to install/maintain and characterized by high performances. ALS Series include two different ODU models: AL ODU : a cost-effective solution, that supports 4/16/32QAM modulation schemes and all capacities from 4 Mbps to 106 Mbps
AS ODU o Universal AS ODU supports all modulation schemes (4/8/16/32/64/128/256QAM) and all capacities from 8 Mbit/s to 500 Mbit/s. AS ODU doesnt require any hardware change if configured for frequency reuse (independence from XPIC functionality), moreover It is compatible with ALL IDU models. This model provides up to 20 dB ATPC. Advanced AS ODU: includes all the characteristics and features of the AS Universal ODU. In installations where more than 15/30 m of waveguide is used, it is the recommended solution for modulations higher than 32QAM and 56/28 MHz channel usage. In addition RF loop is available. This model can also provide up to 40 dB ATPC.
Figure 4 - ODUs application range
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Figure 5 - AL ODU/AS Universal ODU and AS Advanced ODU
These modulation independent ODUs allow an install-and-forget approach for simple station upgrading.
Mechanical Layout The same mounting kit type fits both ODU for an easily upgrade from AL to AS ODU. Integrated antenna solutions
Figure 6 - AL ODU/AS Universal ODU with integral antenna in 1+0 and 1+1 confugurations
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Figure 7 - AS Advanced ODU with integral antenna in 1+0 and 1+1 configuration
Not integrated antenna solutions
Figure 8 - AL ODU/AS Universal ODU with not integrated antenna solution in 1+0 and 1+1 configurations
Figure 9 - AS Advanced ODU with not integrated antenna solution in 1+0 and 1+1 configurations
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ATPC Feature Automatic Transmit Power Control (ATPC) is available as a standard feature in all configurations. Power Control has two operational modes: Fixed output power attenuation mode (ATPC disabled); the output power can be reduced up to 20 dB in 1 dB steps (40 dB in Advanced AS ODU). ATPC mode: the ATPC algorithm adjusts the output power attenuation in order to reach a predefined Rx level at the remote terminal.
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Indoor Unit characteristics

The ALS Series include several IDU models ranging from single board solutions to nodal implementations in which high capacities and complex protection schemes are required. Excellent reliability is always a key point. All IDUs are frequency independent. STM-1 interfaces are available also for SPDH configurations reducing installation cable count. An MST expansion unit provides up to 126xE1 G.703 electrical ports, or nxE3 or FE/GE ports or a mix of the above. Figure 8 shows the application ranges of these IDUs in terms of capacities and modulation schemes. SIAE MICROELETTRONICA has developed several types of IDUs, ALC IDU, ALplus IDU and ALplus2 IDU for transmitting PDH, SDH or Ethernet traffic or a mix of them.
Figure 10 - IDUs application range
IDUs have been designed with two different approaches, single board Compact IDU (1RU) and modular structure IDU (1RU and 2RU for Nodal Version).
Throughput in above figures are also referred to multishelves configurations, with traffic aggregation. Eg. Gbps capacity can be provided by one single ALCplus2e IDU as well as by aggregating 2xALCplus2 IDUs. In the same way aggregating 2xALCplus2e IDUs, an aggregated 2.0 Gbps throughput is achieved.
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The single board compact IDUs are provided with adjustable brackets on both sides. It allows an easy IDU positioning into a rack in three different 30 mm steps as shown in the picture below. This simplifies the IDU installation in street cabinet applications.
Figure 11 Bracket on IDU compact version
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ALC IDU (PDH/ETH)

ALC IDU is the entry level solution for low and medium capacity with a 64 Mbps maximum throughput, 16xE1 TDM and 3xFE tributary interfaces.
Modulation ALC IDU can be SW configured with any modulation scheme in the range from 4 to 16QAM and in all channel bandwidth from 3.5 MHz to 28MHz.
Channel Spacing
3.5 MHz 7.0 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz
Hierarchical Structure 4QAM

2xE1/4 Mbps 4xE1/8 Mbps 8xE1/16 Mbps 16xE1/34 Mbps
16QAM
Table 2 - ALC IDU Modulation scheme
16xE1 physical interfaces available on the equipment. 32xE1TDM traffic available on radio frame.
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ALC IDU 1RU Compact version
4 5
6
Figure 12 - ALC IDU 16xE1 + 3xFE (PDH/ETH)
1. TMN-access (ETH, USB-B, RS232) 2. ETH payload 10/100 RJ45 FE 3. nxE1 payload on SUB-D connectors (75/120 ohm depending on cabling) 4. Power supply 5. IDU-ODU cable interface 6. Alarm IN/OUT
IDU options 16xE1, providing sixteen E1s G.703 75/120 Ohm interfaces with SUB-D connectors. 16xE1, providing sixteen E1s G.703 75 Ohm interfaces with 1.0/2.3 coax connectors. 3xEthernet + 16xE1, providing three 10/100 BASE-T Ethernet/Fast Ethernet interfaces with RJ45 connectors and sixteen E1s G.703 75/120 Ohm interfaces with SUB-D connectors. 3xEthernet + 16xE1, providing three 10/100 BASE-T Ethernet/Fast Ethernet interfaces with RJ45 connectors and sixteen E1s G.703 75 Ohm interfaces with 1.0/2.3 coax connectors.
Protection Schemes 1+0 1+0 expandable to 1+1 1+1 hot stand-by, frequency and/or space diversity
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ALplus IDU (PDH/ETH)

AL IDU plus provides nxE1 payload through high density connectors.
Modulation Modulation can be SW configured for any modulation scheme in the range from 4 to 32QAM.
Channel Spacing
3.5 MHz 7.0 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz
Hierarchical Structure
4QAM 16QAM
Non-Hierarchical Structure
4QAM 16QAM 32QAM
5xE1/10 Mbps
21xE1/42 Mbps 42xE1/84 Mbps 53xE1/106 Mbps
Table 3 - AL IDU plus - Modulation scheme
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ALCplus IDU 1RU Compact version
Figure 13 ALCplus IDU - 32xE1 - (PDH/ETH) 1. Service channels 2. ETH payload 10/100 RJ45 FE 3. TMN-access (ETH, USB-B, RS232) 4. Alarm IN/OUT 5. nxE1 payload on SCSI connectors (75/120 ohm depending on cabling) 6. Power supply 7. ODU cable interface
IDU options 3xEthernet + 32xE1, providing three 10/100 BASE-T Ethernet/Fast Ethernet interfaces with RJ45 connectors and thirty-two E1s G.703 75/120 Ohm interfaces with SCSI connectors.
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ALplus IDU 1RU Modular Version
2
Figure 14 - ALplus IDU (PDH/ETH)
1. Line Interface Module (LIM) which includes traffic interfaces and baseband signals processing. 2. Main Controller Unit (MCU) which includes the main system CPU and provides TMN access, IN/OUT Alarms, service and wayside channels interfaces for PDH traffic 3. Radio Interface Module (RIM) which includes the power supply unit and the cable interface for the connection to the Outdoor Unit (ODU).
Main Controller Unit (MCU)

1 2 1 3
Figure 15 Alplus IDU - controller 1. TMN-access (ETH, USB-B, RS232) 2. Alarm IN/OUT 3. Service channels
Radio Interface Module (RIM)

1 2
Figure 16 - Alplus IDU RIM 1. IDU-ODU cable interface 2. Power supply
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Line Interface Module (LIM)

1
Figure 17 - Alplus IDU - LIM - 32xE1 1. nxE1 payload on SCASI connectors
Figure 18- Alplus IDU LIM - 24xE1 + 4xFE8 1. nxE1 payload on SCSI connectors 2. ETH payload 10/100 RJ45 FE
LIM options The following types of LIMs are available PDH/Ethernet traffic capacities: o o LIM 32xE1, providing up to 32xE1 using four SCSI connectors with 75 or 120 Ohm impedance. LIM 4xEthernet + 24xE1, providing four 10/100 BASE-T Ethernet/Fast Ethernet interfaces with RJ45 connectors and twenty-four E1s G.703 75/120 Ohm interfaces using SCSI connectors.
Maximum Ethernet throughput is 100 Mbps per radio unit.
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ALplus IDU - 2RU Modular Version

Terminal Configuration
4 1 2
3
Figure 19 - Alplus IDU - 2RU 53xE1 SCSI Terminal 1. Main Controller Unit (MCU) which includes the main System CPU and provides TMN access, IN/OUT alarms, service and wayside channels interfaces as well as service data channels 2. Line interface Module (LIM) which includes traffic interfaces and baseband signals processing. 3. Cover 4. Radio interface Module (RIM) which includes the power supply unit and the cable interface for the connection to the Outdoor Unit (ODU). This unit can be duplicated to implement protected configurations.
Nodal Configuration
4 1 2 3 2
Figure 20 - Alplus IDU - 2 RU 16xE1 SCSI + 2xSTM-1 +1FE + 1GE + Expansion Bus - Modular Nodal/Drop Insert 1. Main Controller Unit (MCU) which includes the main System CPU and provides TMN access, IN/OUT alarms, service and wayside channels interfaces as well as service data channels 2. Radio processor 3. Nodal LIM 4. Radio interface Module (RIM) in protected configuration.
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1
Figure 21 - Alplus IDU LIM - 2RU 32xE1 SCSI - Modular Nodal/Drop Insert
Figure 22 - Alplus IDU LIM- 2RU 16xE1 SCSI + 2xSTM-1 - Modular Nodal/Drop Insert
Figure 23 - Alplus IDU LIM - 2RU 16xE1 + 2x-1 + 1xFE + 1xGE - Modular Nodal/Drop Insert
1. nxE1 payload on SCSI connectors 2. 2 MHz synchronization interfaces 3. Nodal Bus 4. STM-1 with SFP modules 5. ETH payload 10/100 RJ45 FE 6. GE payload with SFP module
LIM options The following types of LIMs (Line Interface Modules) are available PDH/Ethernet traffic capacities, Terminal Configurations: o o LIM 32xE1, providing up to 32xE1 using four SCSI connectors with 75 or 120 impedance LIM 53xE1, providing up to 53xE1 using four SCSI connectors with 75 or 120 impedance
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4xEthernet + 53xE1, providing four 10/100 BASE-T Ethernet/Fast Ethernet interfaces with RJ45 connectors and fifty-three E1s G.703 75/120 Ohm interfaces using SCSI connectors
PDH/Ethernet traffic capacities with embedded cross connection: o LIM 32xE1, providing up to 32xE1 using four SCSI connectors with 75 or 120 impedance
PDH/Ethernet traffic capacities, Nodal Configurations an Cross connection: o o LIM 16xE1 SCSI + 2xSTM-1(MSP or dual) + Expansion Bus LIM 16xE1 SCSI + 2xSTM-1(MSP or dual) + 1xFE + 1xGE (SFP electrical/optical) + Expansion Bus
Protection schemes and supported configurations 1+0/1+1 up to 53xE1/100 Mbps Nx(1+0) Drop / Insert with N up to 4 2x(1+1) Drop / Insert Nx(1+0) + Mx(1+1) Nodal connection with N +2xM 12
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ALS IDU (SDH/ETH)

ALS IDU provides SDH capacity up to 4xSTM-1 with electrical or optical interfaces and 1xE1 or 2xE1 WS service channels depending on configuration. It is also available with GE/FE/nxE1 interfaces and XPIC functionality in the modular version.
Modulation ALS IDU modulation is SW configurable as 32/128QAM in 28/27.5/56 MHz channel BW.
Channel Spacing
28 MHz 56 MHz
Hierarchical Structure
32QAM 128QAM
STM-1
STM-1 2xSTM-1
Table 4 - ALS IDU - Modulation scheme
ALS-C IDU 1RU Compact version
Figure 24 - ALS-C IDU - 2xSTM-1 1. STM-1 with SFP modules 2. Service channels 3. TMN-access (ETH, USB-B) 4. Alarm IN/OUT 5. Power supply 6. IDU-ODU cable interfaces
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IDU options o 2xSTM-1 electrical G.703 interfaces using 1.0/2.3 coax connectors o 2xSTM-1 using plug-in connectors (1.0/2.3 coax connector module for electrical interface or LC connector module for optical interface)
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ALS IDU 1RU Modular version
2
Figure 25 - ALS IDU 1. Line Interface Module (LIM) which includes traffic interfaces and baseband signals processing. 2. Main Controller Unit (MCU) which includes the main system CPU and provides TMN access, IN/OUT Alarms, service and wayside channels interfaces for PDH traffic 3. Radio Interface Module (RIM) which includes the power supply unit and the cable interface for the connection to the Outdoor Unit (ODU), XPIC functionality option.
Main Controller Unit (MCU)

1 2 1
Figure 26 - ALS IDU controller 1. TMN-access (ETH, USB-B, RS232) 2. Alarm IN/OUT
Radio Interface Module (RIM) Without XPIC

1 2
Figure 27 - ALS IDU RIM without XPIC 1. IDU-ODU cable interface 2. Power supply
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With XPIC
1 3 2
Figure 28 - ALS IDU RIM with XPIC 1. IDU-ODU cable interface 2. Power supply 3. IF loop connectors for XPIC

1 2
Figure 29 - ALS IDU LIM - 4xSTM-1 1. STM-1 With SFP modules 2. Service channels
Figure 30 - ALS IDU LIM - 2xFE + 1xV11 + 1xGE + 8xE1 1. ETH payload 10/100 RJ45 FE 2. GE payload with SFP module 3. E1 payload on SCSI connectors (120/75 ohm) 4. Service channel
LIM options LIM 2xSTM-1 electrical or optical, providing two STM-1 G.703 electrical ports or G.957 optical ports I1, S1.1, L1.1; the capacity can be set (via SW) to either STM-1 or 2xSTM-1 LIM 4xSTM-1 electrical or optical, providing four STM-1 G.703 electrical ports or G.957 optical ports I1, S1.1, L1.1; the capacity can be set (via SW) to either STM-1 or 4xSTM-1. LIM Ethernet, providing 2x10/100 BASE-T (electrical) , 1xGE Base X (SFP) and 8xE1. Maximum Ethernet throughput is 700 Mbps (with XPIC).
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ALS IDU - 2RU Modular Version (terminal configuration)

1 4
3
Figure 31 - ALS IDU - 4xSTM-1 plug-in 1. Cover 2. Line Interface Module (LIM) which includes traffic interfaces and baseband signals processing. 3. Main Controller Unit (MCU) which includes the main system CPU and provides TMN access, IN/OUT Alarms, service and wayside channels interfaces for PDH traffic 4. Radio Interface Module (RIM) which includes the power supply unit and the cable interface for the connection to the Outdoor Unit (ODU), XPIC functionality option.
Line Interface Module (LIM) LIMs models are the same as the ALS IDU 1RU version. LIM options LIM 2xSTM-1 electrical or optical, providing two STM-1 G.703 electrical ports or G.957 optical ports I1, S1.1, L1.1; the capacity can be set (via SW) to either STM-1 or 2xSTM-1 LIM 4xSTM-1 electrical or optical, providing four STM-1 G.703 electrical ports or G.957 optical ports I1, S1.1, L1.1; the capacity can be set (via SW) to either STM-1 or 4xSTM-1. LIM Ethernet, providing 2x10/100 BASE-T (electrical) , 1xGE Base X (SFP) and 8xE1. Maximum Ethernet throughput is 700 Mbps (with XPIC).
Protection Schemes 1+0 1+1 hot stand-by, frequency and/or space diversity 2x(1+0) 2x(1+1) 2x(1+1) with XPIC
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ALplus2 IDU (SPDH/SDH/ETH)

ALplus2 IDU is based on a dual engine solution providing up to 400 Mbps capacity per radio direction . Adaptive Code Modulation, higher spectrum efficiency and embedded TDM full cross-connect are the main plus points.
Adaptive Code Modulation (ACM)

General Concepts
A radio communication system should be designed with a nominal received level well above its threshold, this allows withstanding received signal reduction in bad weather conditions. This procedure has a drawback: when propagation conditions are favourable the system could support higher data traffic but it cannot increase its throughput unless it changes its modulation scheme. SIAE MICROELETTRONICA radio systems gives this possibility through Adaptive modulation, please refer to Appendix 1 for more details.
Traffic classification
The adaptive modulation entails a change in the available bandwidth with regard to the modulation scheme that is used and as a consequence, moving from higher modulation downward, the decreasing of the traffic capacity. The possibility to classify the traffic allows to decide what traffic to transport according to the available bandwidth. For example if the modulation is reduced from 128QAM to 4QAM all traffic exceeding 4QAM capacity cannot be carried anymore.
SIAE MICROELETTRONICA solutions have four output queues through which up to 8 priority classed can be managed with user configurable quality management. SIAE MICROELETTRONICA implementation manages TDM and ETH traffic in different ways: E1 ports are manually configured for being high or low priority. ETH packets are usually classified according to 802.1p layer 2 tag, SIAE MICROELETTRONICA systems are also able to classify them, according to IP TOS or IPV6 TC. This allows real time traffic to be always transmitted.
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Link Quality measurement

In order to trigger a modulation change some switching criteria must be implemented. SIAE MICROELETTRONICA solutions are based on MSE measurements that allow the system to react to any source of degradation, well before errors are detected by the FEC It involves one direction at a time and the process is completely jitter and error free for surviving traffic. SIAE MICROELETTRONICA implements MSE based Adaptive Modulation in all channel bandwidths. 8 ACM profiles are provided, each one can be selected by SW in order to build a user configured Adaptive Modulation Profile.
Figure 32 - ALplus2 ACM profiles
Table 5 - Packet Data Radio System
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Keeps on monitoring the MSE parameter, when it falls below a user-configurable limit a modulation switch request is transmitted backward.
Capacity will be automatically adjusted according to the table 5. ALplus2 Series can be configured for all channel bandwidths from 7 to 56 MHz and all modulations in the range from 4QAM up to 256QAM.
Channel Width
Packet IDU Typical Ethernet throughput for 64 bytes frame (including Header Optimisation) Mbit/s
4QAM Strong 10 20 40 58 80 4QAM 8 QAM 18 37 75 102 150 16QAM 25 50 100 138 200 32QAM 30 60 120 165 240 64QAM 38 s 75 145 203 290 128QAM 42 85 170 240 340 256QAM 50 100 200 280 400
7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 40 MHz 56 MHz
12 1
25 50 70 100
Table 6 - Typical Ethernet throughput
This is the default configuration. Maximum modulation upgrading and channel bandwidth expansion can be achieved through simple license file download.
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ALCplus2 IDU 1RU Compact version

ALCplus2 is available with a wide range of interface options, from 4xFE/GE Sync/Async to 4xFE/GE Sync/Async + (2+32)xE1 + 2xSTM-1 (MSP). It supports Synchronous Ethernet with mixed TDM/ETH synchronism distribution.
10
Figure 33 - ALCplus2 IDU - 18xE1 + 4xGE + 2xSTM-1 + Nodal Bus
10
Figure 34 - ALCplus2 IDU - 34xE1 + 4xGE + 2xSTM-1
1. 2. 3. 4.
TMN-access (ETH, USB-B, RS232) ETH payload 10/100/1000 RJ45 FE/GE STM-1 payload With SFP modules 2xE1 payload o Traffic o Sync Input/Output (G703/ 2 MHz clock or HDB3 AIS) o Traffic + EOC (G704 framing) 5. CAT6 proprietary expansion Bus Traffic 6. nxE1 payload on SCSI connectors (120/75 ohm) 7. Power Supply 8. ETH payload with optical GE SFP modules 9. Alarm IN/OUT 10. IDU-ODU cables interfaces
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IDU options
o 4xFE/GE Sync/Async + 2xE1 o 4xFE/GE Sync/Async + 2xE1 + 16xE1 o 4xFE/GE Sync/Async + 2xE1 + 16xE1 + 2xSTM-1(1+1 MSP) + Nodal Bus o 4xFE/GE Sync/Async + 2xE1 + 32xE1 + 2xSTM-1(1+1 MSP)
Protection Schemes 1+0 expandable to 1+1 1+1 hot stand-by, frequency and/or space diversity
ALCplus2e IDU 1RU Compact version

ALCplus2e is an evolution of the ALCplus2 providing all above described solution with some major upgraded features to be underlined, as following: 500 Mbit/s capacity per radio direction 1 Gbit/s total throughput capacity managed by a single equipment 2+0 configuration as well as 2+0 XPIC, both available in 1RU shelf Advanced Ethernet /IP features ALCplus2e is available in two HW configurations. The mechanical layout is the same as ALCplus2. ALCplus2e is in link backward compatible with ALCplus2 version.
IDU options 4xFE/GE Sync/Async +2xE1 4xFE/GE Sync/Async +16xE1+2xE1+2xSTM-1+Nodal bus 4xFE/GE Sync/Async +32xE1+2xE1+2xSTM-1
Protection Schemes XPIC (2x(1+0) (co-channel) 2x(1+0)
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1x(1+1), HSB, 1x(1+1) FD/FSD (up to 18 MHz), SD 1x(1+0)
In addition to the some Traffic Management features have been improved: EVPN profiling o Bandwidth limiting per VLAN o Bandwidth limiting per priority. o Frame fragmentation o VLAN rewriting TDM redundancy on selected E1s WRED or Hard limiting. Hard limiting or WRED algorhythm (software selectable) Enhanced Ethernet prioritization based on MPLS Exp bits Selective QinQ based on VLAN and 802.1p priority VLAN rewriting (Radio side) 8 queues Ethernet scheduler towards radio interface Layer 2 and layer 1 link aggregation. M-STP (Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol) support up to 4 instances Selective RMON on VLAN basis G.8264 (Distribution of timing information through packet networks ) support Note: These functionalities are available if both terminal of the link are with ALCplu2e.
Regardless to the configuration options, in the following table is summarized the limits applied for the different HW versions: IDU type ALCplus2 IDU ALCplus2e IDU XPIC ALCplus2e IDU 2x(1+0) Permanent TDM traffic max. 60 max. 2x80 max. 2x80 Extra TDM traffic max. 21 max. 2x2 max. 2x21 Total 80 164 164
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ALplus2 IDU 1RU Modular Version
2
Figure 35 - ALplus2 IDU 1. Line Interface Module (LIM) which includes traffic interfaces and baseband signals processing. 2. Main Controller Unit (MCU) which includes the main system CPU and provides TMN access, IN/OUT Alarms, service and wayside channels interfaces for PDH traffic 3. Radio Interface Module (RIM) which includes the power supply unit and the cable interface for the connection to the Outdoor Unit (ODU)
Controller
1 2 1 3
Figure 36 - ALplus2 IDU controller 1. TMN-access (ETH, USB-B, RS232) 2. Alarm IN/OUT 3. Service channels
Radio Interface Module (RIM)

2
Figure 37 - ALplus2 IDU RIM 1. IDU-ODU cable interface 2. Power supply
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1 2 3
Figure 38 - ALplus2 IDU LIM 2xTSM-1 +3xFE/GE +16E1 1. ETH payload : 2x 10/100/1000 BaseT + 2x 1000 BaseX (3 x active LANs) 2. STM-1 with SFP modules 3. nxE1 payload on SCSI connectors
LIM option LIM 2xSTM-1 (MSP) electrical or optical, providing two STM-1 G.703 electrical ports or G.957 optical ports - I1, S1.1, L1.1(MSP Protection) + 1FE/GE (Electrical) + 1FE/GE (Optical) + 1FE/GE (Electrical or Optical) + 16xE1 Maximum Ethernet throughput is 400 Mbps per radio unit (up to 800 Mbps per IDU).
Protection Schemes 1+0 expandable to 1+1 1+1 hot stand-by, frequency and/or space diversity 2x(1+0)
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Nodal Interconnections
SIAE MICROELETTRONICA Implements proprietary IDUs interconnection using standard CAT6 cables with RJ-45 shielded connectors. This serial high speed connection carries proprietary frames in an MSP like protected configuration and capacity up to 1.3 Gbit/s.
Nodal Interconnections in ALplus IDU

The approach proposed by SIAE MICROELETTRONICA in order to manage a nodal site is based on a scalable configuration that, starting from one IDU capable of handling up to four independent directions, allows the interconnection of up to three IDUs (through two bi-directional 300 Mbit/s high speed busses). The maximum number of directions that can be managed in a nodal site is twelve. In a Nodal Station the cross-connection function is distributed over up to three different switching units (one for each IDU), being each one capable to manage up to four directions. This implies that in case of a cross connect failure, there is no loss of traffic relevant to directions other then directly connected to that IDU. The following picture shows a Nodal site.
Figure 39 Alplus IDU 2RU - Nodal configuration
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Nodal Interconnections in ALCplus2 or ALCplus2e IDUs (N-concept)

SIAE MICROELETTRONICA Implements proprietary IDUs interconnection using standard CAT6 cables with RJ-45 shielded connectors. This serial high speed connection carries proprietary frames in an MSP like protected configuration and capacity up to 1.3 Gbit/s. ALCplus2 IDU implements an innovative distributed switch architecture that allows simple node expansion through shelves stacking, with a dramatic reduction in initial CAPEX. Depending on traffic requirements, units can be daisy chained by a CAT6 proprietary expansion bus for TDM applications (BUS capacity 126E1) and/or by a standard GE connection for Ethernet applications.
Nx2FE/GE + NxSTM-1 + Nx16E1 N=1.8

Figure 40 - ALCplus2e - Nodal configuration
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ETHERNET CHARACTERISTICS
Ethernet Frame mapping over Radio Link
When equipped with Ethernet Interfaces, the ALS Series transfers Ethernet packets directly onto the radio link. SIAE MICROELETTRONICA ALS maps Ethernet straight into the radio frames (Native IP), this approach provides a point-to-point unacknowledged connectionless service over the radio channel. A CRC is added to prevent wrong packets being forwarded.
Ethernet Throughput
The ALS Series provides full-duplex Ethernet throughput ranging from 4 up to 500 Mbps per radio channel. It is possible to associate a given bandwidth to a single Ethernet port. It can be assigned in fixed steps up to full wire speed. Please refer to Appendix 2 for Throughput and Latency details.
Ethernet Interface characteristics

The ALS Series implements a multi-port store-and-forward Layer 2 Switch. The embedded Switch supports the following Layer 2 functionalities: MAC switching MAC Address learning and aging Auto negotiation MDI/MDIX crossover Automatic MDI/MDIX crossover is supported; it allows NIC-to-SWITCH and SWITCH-to-SWITCH connection regardless of cable type (straight-through or crossover). Layer 2 Flow Control / Back Pressure SIAE MICROELETTRONICA implements flow control based on IEEE 802.3x (full-duplex operation) and Back Pressure (half-duplex operation) to prevent packet loss during traffic peak. IEEE 802.1q VLANs and VLAN stacking (Q in Q) Quality of Service ITU-T Y.1731 ETH OAM / IEEE 802.1ag
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QoS management
QoS refers to the ability of a network device to provide improved services to selected network traffic over various underlying technologies, including Ethernet and wireless LANs. In particular, QoS feature provides an improved and more predictable network services, as follows: Improving loss characteristics Avoiding and managing network congestion Prioritizing services to different kinds of network traffic Setting traffic priorities across the network QoS is implemented in SIAE MICROELETTRONICA products in a multilevel approach: VLAN per port Level 2 VLAN identifiers (802.1Q) Level 2 priority bits (802.1P QoS) Level 3 priorities IPv4 (ToS or DSCP) or IPv6 (TC)
Ethernet Resiliency
LLF - Link Loss Forwarding PIRL - Peak Input Rate Limiting - In order to control the traffic flows incoming the equipment and thus the network, this access limitation/control policies is introduced with a leaky bucket architecture RSTP - Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol - is a link layer network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any bridged LAN. Thus, the basic function of STP is to prevent bridge loops and ensuing broadcast radiation. ELP - Ethernet Link Protection - ELP is used to protect the network from Ethernet link failures in various network topologies and application LAG - Link Aggregation is a recommendation (802.1AX-2008 or 802.3ad) designed for using multiple media in parallel to increase the link speed beyond the limits of any one single medium and increase the redundancy for higher availability
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Level 2 priorities: Priority queues are introduced on switches output ports. 802.1p describes 8 priority levels, mapped onto 4 output queues. A typical mapping scheme is shown below. 802.1p priority levels 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Traffic type Best Effort Background NOT DEFINED Excellent Effort Controlled Load Video ( latency 100 mS ) 3 Voice ( latency 10 mS ) Network Control
Table 7
Used queue 0 1 2
Two scheduling algorithms are available in SIAE MICROELETTRONICA equipment: strict priority or weighted scheduling WFQ (SW selectable). Strict priority means that Higher priority queues are emptied first Weighted scheduling (WFQ) means that queues are served proportionally to their weights (1-2-4-8). Mixed Strict priority and WFQ (Alplus2)
IEEE 802.1Q VLANs Virtual LAN (VLAN) support is the ability to logically break a LAN into a few smaller LANs and prevent data from flowing between the sub-LANs. This is a key performance used to: Share the same physical carrier among different users that require maintaining a complete logical network independency. Micro segment the LAN in a scalable way Distribute traffic load Relocate servers into secure locations
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Better control the broadcast messages VLANs can be activated in three different ways: Based on Port. A packet belongs to a particular VLAN, depending on the local port ID. This means that each packet received on a specific port will be forwarded only to the ports belonging to the same VLAN. Based on IEEE 802.1Q TAG. A packet belongs to a particular VLAN, depending on its VLAN ID, defined by the VID (VLAN Identifier) TAG content. Hybrid. It is a mix of previous ones. Locally configured tagged frames are managed according IEEE 802.1Q TAG, all others follow port rules. SIAE MICROELETTRONICA equipment can also be configured to add a VLAN tag (VD and user priority) to untagged traffic.
VLAN stacking (QinQ) SIAE MICROELETTRONICA products support VLAN stacking (QinQ). This means that if input traffic is 802.1Q compliant, i.e. VLANs are implemented, it is possible to create other VLAN inserting 4 additional bytes in Ethernet header for routing and QoS purposes. VLAN staking (also named QinQ) is a feature that allows an Ethernet frame to include more than one IEEE 802.1Q TAG. The scope of VLAN staking is to differentiate the traffic at different levels when the packets must cross networks managed by different entities. As an example, it can be considered the case of a WAN connection provided by a Service Provider to a company to connect some remote offices to a headquarter. The packets on the company LAN can be tagged on the basis of the rules stated by the Companys Network Administrator. However, The Service Provider could also need to TAG the traffic in order to carry it independently from the traffic of other companies. Moreover, when a packet leaves the remote office to enter the WAN connection, the Service Provider will add a second TAG to the packet with an ID that identifies the customer. In this way the first TAG (with the company ID) still remain on the packet, but it is not used to route it on the Service Provider Network. Finally, when this packet has reached the Main Site, the Service Provider TAG is dropped and the WAN connection can be fully transparent. SIAE MICROELETTRONICA radio systems supports the VLAN staking. Once a packet enters into the radio, it is possible to add a new IEEE 802.1Q TAG with an ID depending from the port.
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MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
TMN Connection
The ALS Series provides several communication ports for TMN connections. These ports can be used for: connection to other equipment connection to TMNs DCN direct connection to SIAE MICROELETTRONICAs Element Manager Depending on equipment configuration, the following TMN ports are available: 2x Ethernet 10baseT (one on ALC, ALCplus2 and ALCplus2e IDUs) one RS-232 (V.28) (available on ALC, ALplus and ALS IDU) USB In addition to the TMN ports listed above, the ALS Series provides other TMN connections depending on IDU model: ALC/ AL-ALCplus IDU o o ALS IDU o Transmission of supervisory information embedded in the STM-1 frame using the DCCR bytes. EOC, embedded in the radio frame, can be used as communication port Transmission of supervisory information on in-band channels using a 64 kbit/s timeslot of an E1 G704 tributary interface. The bit-rate over the E1 port can be software selected as Nx16kbit/s.
ALSplus2 IDU o TMN and main traffic can coexist on same ports (In band management).
Supervisory information can be terminated by other equipment or, thanks to the standard mapping, by an external router.
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TMN Protocols
The ALS Series allows local and remote management thanks to an embedded SNMP agent. All ports previously described can be logically connected through two protocol stack versions: Full IP protocol stack OSI+IP protocol stack. Routing among communication ports can be configured as static routing or based on OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) in case of full-IP stack, and IS-IS in case of OSI+IP option. When implementing the OSI+IP stack, layers 1 to 3 are compliant with recommendations ITU-T Q.811, Q.812 and G.784. The implementation of standard communication protocol stacks in conjunction with industry-standard interfaces (as depicted in the following figures) enables equipment connection to any IP or OSI based DCN.
Figure 41 Full IP Protocol Stack for ALS System (SDH-ETH)
Figure 42 OSI+IP Protocol Stack for ALS System (SDH-ETH)
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* Not available on ALC IDU
Figure 43 - Full IP Protocol Stack for PDH/SPDH/ETH systems
* Not available on ALC IDU
Figure 44 OSI + IP Protocol Stack for PDH/SPDH/ETH systems
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Management Functionalities
The management functionalities implemented at NE level are: Fault management (alarms, events, date, time, severity, etc.) Configuration and test Management (i.e. configuration of ALS parameters, set-up of loop-backs, manual forcing of 1+1 switches, mapping of relay alarms and user inputs, etc.) Software management (i.e. software release management and software download) Performance management and monitoring relevant to G.828 parameters. Security Management (i.e. Network Element multi-level access according to Operators rights)
Management Software
In order to satisfy the requirements of local and centralized management, SIAE MICROELETTRONICA has developed the following software/platforms/systems: LCT (Local Craft Terminal) for maintenance and line-up activities (MS Windows OS) SCT (Subnetwork Craft Terminal) for centralized management of up to 100 Network Elements - NEs (MS Windows OS) NMS5-LX (Element Manager) for centralized management of medium networks with up to 1000 Network Elements per server (Linux OS) NMS5-UX (Element Manager) for centralized management of large networks with up to 10000 Network Elements per server (HP Unix OS) Web LCT for maintenance and line-up activities (MS Windows OS & Adobe flash) accessible via Browser For a more detailed description of SIAE MICROELETTRONICA supervision software platforms, please refer to the specific product literature.
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TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Physical Dimensions of system components
System Version AL ODU 1+0 AL ODU 1+1 AS ODU 1+0 AS ODU 1+1 Compact IDU 1RU Modular IDU 1RU Modular IDU 2RU Width (mm) 254 278 254 358 480 480 480 Height (mm) 254 254 254 254 45 45 90 Depth (mm) 114 296 154 296 190 270 270
Weight
System Version AL ODU (1+0) AL ODU (1+1) AS ODU (1+0) AS ODU (1+1) Compact IDU 1RU (1+0/(1+1) Modular IDU 1RU (1+0)/(1+1) Modular IDU 2RU (1+0)/(1+1) Weight(Kg) 4,5 13,3 5,5 15,3 2,3 to 3,5 3,5 to 5.5 5,3 to 7
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Power supply
AL ODURange -40.8 -57.6 Vdc According to ETSI EN300132-2
Power Consumption
AL ODU 1+0 Radio Terminal 1+1 Radio Terminal
Compact IDU 31 Watts ( f 15GHz ) 24 Watts( f > 15GHz ) 51 Watts ( f 15GHz ) 40 Watts( f > 15GHz )
Modular IDU 1RU 35 Watts( f 15GHz ) 30 Watts( f > 15GHz ) 60 Watts( f 15GHz ) 49 Watts( f > 15GHz )
AS ODU Universal/Advanced 1+0 Radio Terminal 1+1 Radio Terminal
Compact IDU ALC/ALplus IDU 35 60 ALS IDU 45 ALCplus2 IDU 60 90 AL IDU 40 70
Modular IDU 1RU ALS IDU 45 80 ALplus2 IDU <70 <100
Environmental conditions
Environmental Conditions Operational range for IDU Operational humidity for IDU Protection Class for ODU Wind load Surge and lightning protection -5 C +50 C Range
up to 95% not condensing IP65 200 km/h according to ETSI EN 301 489
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Frequently requested standards compliances (Note1)

EN 300 132-2 EN 300 019 Power supply interface at the input to telecommunications equipment Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment (Operation: class 3.2 for IDU and class 4.1 for ODU; storage: class 1.2; transport: class 2.3) Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-point and Point-to-Multipoint Systems; Spurious emissions and receiver immunity at equipment/antenna port of Digital Fixed Radio System Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point equipment and antenna Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services Information Technology Equipment Safety ITU Recommendations for all frequency bands Bandwidths and unwanted emissions of digital fixed service systems CEPT Recommendations for all frequency bands 802.1ag (Connectivity Fault Management), 802.1p (QoS), 802.1Q (VLAN), 802.1W (RSTP), 802.3ad-2008 (link aggregation), 802.3i (10BASE-T), 802.3u (100BASE-TX/FX), 802.3x (Flow control), 802.3ab (1000 BASE-T), 802.3z (1000BASE LX/SX) Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems Ethernet OAM fault management Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical levels Characteristics of 1544 and 2048 Kbit/s hierarchical levels Second order digital multiplex equipment operating at 8449 Kbit/s and using positive justification Characteristics of synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) equipment digital block The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the 2048 Kbit/s hierarchy The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) Optical Interfaces for equipment and system relating to the synchronous digital hierarchy Timing and Synchronization Aspects in Packet Networks Characteristics of synchronous Ethernet Equipment slave Clock Distribution of timing through packet networks
EN 301 390
EN 302 217 EN 301 489 EN 60950 ITU-R ITU-R F.1191 CEPT IEE 802
IEE 1588-2008 ITU-T 1731 ITU-T G.703 ITU-T G704 ITU-T G.742 ITU-T G.783 ITU-T G.823 ITU-T G.825 ITU-T G.957 ITU-T G.8261 ITU-T G.8262 ITU-T G.8264
Note1: where applicable
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APPENDIX 1: Adaptive Modulation details

In order to better understand how Adaptive Modulation operates, we should recall some information from signals theory:
Ps10 Ps10 Br NF Eb N0
114 10
LOG10 ( Br )
NF 10- 3
Eb N0
10
Received field at BER
Bit rate Receiver noise figure Energy per bit/Noise spectral density (at specified BER)
10
3
We can discover that minimum received signal, able to guarantee certain performances (BER), depends on some fixed figures, such as required bit rate (Br) and demodulator implementation If a receiver is working at such a level that cannot allow the required quality, alternative methods can be implemented. Increasing TX power on remote terminal. This can obviously be done, if transmitter is not jet emitting its maximum power. Reducing user bit rate Changing modulation scheme and FEC redundancy SIAE MICROELETTRONICA implementation does all the above with its ALplus2 . In addition, SIAE MICROELETTRONICA maintains channel width constant, with no effect on other links, without any need to reconfigure the entire network.
Appendix 2 : Ethernet Benchmark parameters.

All parameters are measured according to RFC2544 - Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Dev. SIAE MICROELETTRONICA Native ETH solutions remove ETH packet Header. It makes ETH parameters MTU dependant.
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Latency
According to paragraph 26.2 of RFC2544, objective of this test is: To determine the latency as defined in RFC 1242. Latency is capacity dependent, therefore in the following tables different latency parameters will be specified for each configuration. Please note that, according to RFC2544, the latency is measured Last in First out (LIFO). The effective link delay will be this value plus packet transfer time over physical ETH interfaces.
ALplus (PDH/ETH)
Typical Latency [ms]
Modulation Capacity [Mbps] RF Channel Width [MHz] 64 4QAM 5x2 10x2 21x2 16QAM 5x2 10x2 21x2 42x2 32QAM 53x2 7 14 28 3.5 7 14 28 28 0.133 0.078 0.059 0.187 0.102 0.082 0.038 0.345 512 0.523 0.287 0.178 0.572 0.315 0.202 0.127 0.420 Frame size 1024 0.960 0.530 0.314 1.015 0.555 0.336 0.216 0.5 1518 1.385 0.757 0.445 1.437 0.784 0.468 0.301 0.58 2047 1.84 1.0 0.586 1.89 1.03 0.61 0.393 0.666
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ALS (SDH/ETH)
ALS IDU can be configured as BRIDGE or SWITCH. Latency depends on this configuration .
ALS as switch
Typical Latency [ms]

Modulation Capacity RF Channel Width [MHz] 64 32QAM STM-1 2xSTM-1 128QAM STM-1 2xSTM-1 2xSTM-1 XPIC 4xSTM-1 XPIC 28 56 28 56 28 56 288 279 342 249 280 248 512 324 299 377 272 299 265 Frame size 1024 365 321 418 299 322 284 1518 404 343 457 325 343 303 1522 405 344 458 326 343 303
ALS as bridge
Typical Latency [s] (Note1)

Modulation Capacity RF Channel Width [MHz] 64 128QAM STM-1 4xSTM-1 28 56 262 184 512 287 190 Frame size 1024 315 197 1518 342 204
12000
921 349
Store & Forward measurement method
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ALplus2 (SPDH/SDH/ETH)
ALplus2 implements 8 ACM profiles with all Channel BW. Please refer to Adaptive Modulation paragraph for ACM details.
Typical Latency [ms] 64 bytes MTU

Channel width (MHz) 7 14 28 56 4QAM Strong 1.042 0.954 0.475 0.241 4QAM 0.844 0.8 0.406 0.207 8 QAM 0.627 0.575 0.274 0.14
Physical Mode
16QAM 0.477 0.418 0.214 0.112 32QAM 0.401 0.345 0.176 0.094 64QAM 0.477 0.439 0.227 0.125 128QAM 0.52 0.458 0.237 0.126 256QAM 0.507 0.444 0.231 0.121

Physical Mode

Physical Mode
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Channel width (MHz) 7 14 28 56 4QAM Strong 2,609 1,715 0,867 0,447 4QAM 2,113 1,439 0,74 0,384 8 QAM 1,541 1,044 0,508 0,27
Physical Mode
16QAM 1,115 0,757 0,395 0,214 32QAM 0,938 0,618 0,326 0,185 64QAM 0,908 0,669 0,356 0,205 128QAM 0,914 0,663 0,351 0,196 256QAM 0,845 0,623 0,333 0,183

Physical Mode
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Throughput
Throughput is defined according to paragraph 26.1 of RFC2544. Throughput is configuration and capacity dependent, so in the following tables a different throughput parameter will be specified for each configuration. Please note that effective throughput depends also on MTU size.
ALplus
Typical Throughput [Mbps]
Modulation Capacity [Mbps] RF Channel Width [MHz] 4QAM 5x2 10x2 21x2 16QAM 5x2 10x2 21x2 42x2 32QAM 7 14 28 3.5 7 14 28 28 64 11.50 23.50 50 11.50 23.50 50 512 10 20.50 43.50 10 20.50 43.50 Frame size 1024 10 20.50 43 10 20.50 43 1518 10 20.50 43 10 20.50 43 2047 10 20.50 43 10 20.50 43
53x2
100 100
87.50 100
86.50 100
86.50 100
86 100
ALS
Typical Throughput [Mbps]
Modulation 32QAM 128QAM Capacity STM-1 2xSTM-1 STM-1 2xSTM-1 2xSTM-1 4xSTM-1 Configuration 64 (1+0), (1+1) 2x(1+0), 2x(1+1) (1+0), (1+1) (1+0), (1+1), 2x(1+0) 2x(1+0), 2x(1+1) 168 338 168 338 338 676 Frame size 512 153 309 153 309 309 617 1024 146 294 146 294 294 588 1518 146 292 146 292 292 584
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ALplus2
Typical Radio Throughput at point X/X' for E1 input traffic [E1]
Channel width 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 56 MHz 4QAM Strong 4 8 17 34 4QAM 5 10 20 40 8 QAM 7 14 30 60 16QAM 10 20 40 80 32QAM 12 25 50 80 64QAM 15 30 60 80 128QAM 17 35 70 80 256QAM 20 40 80 80
Typical Radio Throughput at point X/X' for Ethernet 64 bytes input traffic [Mbps]
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Radio Throughput at point X/X' for Ethernet 1024 bytes input traffic [Mbps]
Radio Throughput at point X/X' for Ethernet 1518 bytes input traffic [Mbps]
Switching capabilities
IDU type
ALplus ALC ALS and ALplus2
Mac table size

1023 Up to 2048 8192
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SIAE MICROELETTRONICA S.p.A., Via Michelangelo Buonarroti, 21, Cologno Monzese (Mi), Italy

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ALS Series

Dual Native IP/SDH/SPDH Microwave Radio for Point-to-Point applications

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GENERAL INTRODUCTION ON ALS SERIES

Figure 1 - ALS Series MW Radio

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ALCplus2 IDU and ALCplus2e IDU ALplus2 IDU

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IDUs application range

Figure 2- IDUs application range

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ODUs application range

Figure 3 - ODUs application range

Table 1 - IDU-ODU compatibility

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NMS common Platform

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Outdoor Unit Characteristics

Figure 4 - ODUs application range

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Figure 5 - AL ODU/AS Universal ODU and AS Advanced ODU

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Not integrated antenna solutions

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Indoor Unit characteristics

Figure 10 - IDUs application range

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Figure 11 Bracket on IDU compact version

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ALC IDU (PDH/ETH)

Hierarchical Structure 4QAM

Table 2 - ALC IDU Modulation scheme

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ALC IDU 1RU Compact version

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ALplus IDU (PDH/ETH)

2xE1/4 Mbps 4xE1/8 Mbps 8xE1/16 Mbps 16xE1/34 Mbps

4xE1/8 Mbps 8xE1/16 Mbps 16xE1/34 Mbps 32xE1/64 Mbps

5xE1/10 Mbps 10xE1/20 Mbps 10xE1/20 Mbps 21xE1/42 Mbps