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Understanding TCP/IP Addressing The Domain Name System (DNS) The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) The Routing & Remote Access (RRAS) service The Network Access Protection (NAP) service
Provide the logical "language" for communication Two computers must be configured with the same network protocols in order to communicate and transfer information.
The most common networking protocol Consists of a suite of different protocols that work in concert to allow computers to communicate on a TCP/IP network. By subdividing TCP/IP networks into smaller groupings called subnets.
In order for any computer or host, a computer, printer, or other device configured with a network interface, to communicate on a TCP/IP network, it must be configured with a valid IP address. IP address:
Is a software address, not a hardware address Used for finding hosts on a local network. Allow hosts on one network to communicate with a
192.168.2.1
192.168.2.3
192.168.2.4 192.168.2.2
192.168.2.5
Host Address:
This comprises the portion of me IP address that is unique to a particular computer or host.
In addition to the IP address, each TCP/IP host must be configured with the following:
Subnet Mask Used to identify which network the TCP/IP host resides on by defining where the network address stops and the host address begins. Default Gateway Allows a host to communicate with devices that reside on a remote network or location.
The first implementation of the Internet Protocol (IP) It uses 32 bits (4 bytes, or octets) for addressing.
Represented using dotted-decimal notation
the decimal value of each byte is shown using providing a limit of 232 possible addresses
for example:
192.1.120.84 or 192.5.18.102
192.168.2.1
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
128
64
16 32
128+64=192
Network address:
Uniquely identifies each network. Every host on the same network share that
network address as a part of its IP address Used in routing to send packets to a remote network
Ex: 10.0.0.0, 172.16.0.0, 192.168.10.0
Host address:
Uniquely identifies each host on a network
Broadcast address:
Used by application and hosts to send
Classful Addressing
The field for the network number was a
different length for different classes of network, and the remaining bits were used for the host number.
8 bits
Class A: Class B: Class C: Class D: Class E:
Class C
110
21
2,097,152 8
254
Class A
00000000 = 0 01111111 = 127
Class D
11100000 = 224 11101111 = 239
Class B
10000000 = 128 10111111 = 191
Class E
11110000 = 240 11111111 = 255
Class C
11000000 = 192
11011111 = 223
239.255.255.251
255.255.255.255
Address
Network address of all 0s Network address of all 1s Network 127.0.0.1
Function
Mean this network Mean all networks Reserved for loopback tests
Can be used on private network Not routable through the internet Creating a measure of well-needed security Saves valuable IP address space Network Address Translation (NAT)
Takes a private IP address and convert it for use
on the internet.
Address Range
10.0.0.0 172.16.0.0 10.255.255.255 172.31.255.255 192.168.255.255
192.168.0.0 -