CC O S CA S THIN NH V NHNG IU HUYN DIU

CUC I CC O S PHT GIO V I CA N V TY TNG

Masters of Meditation and Miracles: Lives of the Great Buddhist Masters of India and Tibet TULKU THONDUP Harold Talbott hiu nh

Bn dch Vit ng ca Thanh Lin

Ni dung
LI CM N GHI CH CA TC GI LI NI U

Quyn Mt
LI GII THIU C PHT THCH CA MU NI Sau c Pht PHT GIO TY TNG BA CCH TRAO TRUYN TRC H CA CC TANTRA NYINGMA NI NI CHUNG S Truyn Tm ca ch Pht Nhng Trao truyn Biu tng ca cc Tr minh vng S Truyn Khu ca cc nh Kh hnh NHNG DNG TRUYN THA CA BA TANTRA NI CHNH YU DNG NYINGMA Mahyoga Anuyoga Atiyoga (Dzopa Chenpo)
Semde Longde Me-Ngade

Quyn Hai
DNG TRUYN THA LONGCHEN NYINGTHIG GIO L LONGCHEN NYINGTHIG DNG TRUYN THA CC O S LONGCHEN NYINGTHIG 1. Php Thn 2. Bo Thn 3. Ha Thn 4. Prahevajra (Garab Dorje) 5. Manjushrmitra 6. Shrsimha 7. Jnnastra 8. Vimalamitra 9. Guru Rinpoche, Padmasambhava Guru Rinpoche Ving thm Ty Tng Nm Phi ngu chnh ca Guru Rinpoche Ty Tng 2

Nhng t chnh ca Guru Rinpoche Ty Tng 10. Knkhyen Longchen Rabjam (1308-1363) 11. Rigdzin Jigme Lingpa (17301798) 12. Dodrupchen Nht Jigme Thrinle zer (17451821) 13. Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku (1765-1843) 14. Dola Jigme Kalzang (th k mi chn) 15. Dzogchen Mingyur Namkhe Dorje T (1793-?) 16. Do Khyentse Yeshe Dorje (18001866) 17. Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye (1800-?) 18. Dzogchen Khenpo Pema Dorje (th k mi chn) 19. Paltrl Jigme Chkyi Wangpo (18081887) 20. Dodrupchen Nh Jigme Phntsok Jungne (1824-1863) 21. Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892) 22. Nyoshl Lungtok Tenpe Nyima (1829-1901/2) 23. npo Tendzin Norbu (th k mi chn) 24. Adzom Drukpa Drodl Pawo Dorje (18421924) 25. Lushl Khenpo Knchok Drnme(18591936) 26. Dodrupchen Tam Jigme Tenpe Nyima (1865-1926) 27. Shuksep Lochen Chnyi Zangmo (18651953) 28. Dzogchen Thupten Chkyi Dorje Ng (1872-1935) 29. Gekong Khenpo Knzang Palden (1872-1943) 30. Yukhok Chatralwa Chying Rangtrl (18721952) 31. Kathok Khenpo Ngawang Palzang (1879-1941) 32. Alak Zenkar Pema Ngdrup Rlwe Dorje (1881-1943) 33. Dzongsar Khyentse Chkyi Lodr (1893-1959) 34. Kyala Khenpo Chechok Thndrup (18931957) 35. Dilgo Khyentse Tashi Paljor (19101991) 36. Chatral Sangye Dorje (sinh nm 1913) 37. Dodrupchen T Rigdzin Tenpe Gyaltsen(1927-1961) 38. Dodrupchen T Thupten Thrinle Palzang (sinh nm 1927) CY TRUYN THA TC PHM TRCH DN CH THCH

Li Cm n
Ti xin cm n Harold Talbott bi tr tu v s kin nhn ca ng trong vic hiu nh quyn sch ny vi s thn trng ln lao v nhn thc su sc; cm n Michael Baldwin v s h tr v hng dn khng h ngng ngh cho nhng d n Pht Php ca ti trong hn mi lm nm; cm n Lydia Segal truyn cm hng cho ti trong vic kt hp thnh quyn sch ny v r sot li nhiu phn ca quyn sch; cm n nhng nh bo tr ca Buddhayana, nh s bo tr ca h m t 1975, ti c th s dng nhng nm thng ca i mnh bin son v dch thut nhng gio l Pht gio qu bu; cm n David Drove h tr v vi tnh; Jonathan v Joan Miller chm sc sc khe cho ti; cm n Th vin ring ca Kyabje Dodrupchen Rinpoche ti Cha Mahasiddha Nyingmapa, Hawley, Massachusetts, v Th vin Lehman ti i hc Columbia, Thnh ph New York, v nhng ngun ti liu qu bu; cm n Victor v Ruby Lam cho php ti s dng cn h thoi mi ca h. Ti xin cm n Steven Goodman c nhiu ng gp su sc v chun b cho bng ch dn. Ti cng cm n Zenkar Thupten Nyima Rinpoche, Khenpo Chyag, Gelong Konchog Tendzin, Ani Ngawang Chdron, Ani Lodr Palmo, v nhiu ngi khc cung cp rt nhiu thng tin c gi tr. Ti xin cm n thy Samuel Bercholz v nhn vin ca Nh Xut bn Shambhala cung cp phng tin ton ho tiu s ca nhng o s n c vi cc c gi. Xin cm n Larry Mermelstein trau chut cho quyn sch bng ti nng bin tp ca anh. Xin cm n Kendra Crossen mang li cho quyn sch s hiu bit su xa ca c v vn hc, v cm n Brian Boland trnh by quyn sch vi s ti hoa ca anh.

Ghi ch ca Tc gi
Ti vit hoa nhng ch gc (Ming gZhi) ca mi t trong ting Ty Tng c chuyn t bo m cc t c c mt cch ng n v d dng. i vi vic k m cho ch Ty Tng, ti ch yu theo hng dn ca y ban Dch thut Nland do Larry Mermelstein cung cp. T u n cui quyn sch ti thm vo cc t trong du ngoc n lm cho ngha ca nhng bn vn trch dn tr nn r rng hay cung cp nhng t tng ng trong Phn ng, Tng ng, hay Anh ng ca chng. Ti cng cung cp mt s cch dch khc hay nhng t ng ngha trong nhng du ngoc vung [ ]. Trong phn th mc, f l ch vit tt ca folio, (s t) cch nh s trang theo kiu Ty Tng; v p l ch vit tt ca page theo cch nh s trang ca Ty phng. Trong nhng ch thch, ta ca cc bn vn trch dn c biu th bng nhng ch vit tt, chng hn nh BC thay cho sNying Thig Gi brGyud Debs Byin rLabs Char rGyun do Jigme Lingpa khm ph. Cc ta y c xp theo mu t abc c lit k trong Tc phm Trch dn cui quyn sch ny. Khi mt bn vn theo cch nh s trang kiu Ty Tng c trch dn, cc ch biu th ta c i theo bi s folio, n c ch a hay b theo sau ch r mt trc hay sau ca folio. ng k l s dng. V d nh, BC 1a/1. Trang v nhng s dng khng c ch a hay b biu th cch nh s trang theo kiu Ty phng.

Li Ni u
Cc o s ca s Thin nh v nhng iu Huyn diu l mt tuyn tp tiu s ca cc v Thy chng ng m cuc i th trn y s an bnh, gic ng v nhng iu huyn diu l lng. Cc ngi n r Ty Tng, Mi nh ca Th gii, trong thi i hong kim ca n. Nhng o s ny thuc dng Longchen Nyingthig, phi Nyingma ca Pht gio Ty Tng. Longchen Nyingthig (tm yu ca s rng ln v hn, hay chn l ti hu ca s m trng ph qut) l mt gio kha gm nhng gio l b mt trnh by s thin nh thm su ca Dzopa Chenpo (i Vin mn), do Jigme Lingpa (1730-1798), mt hc gi v bc lo thng v i, khm ph. Jigme Lingpa khm ph nhng gio l ny nh mt terma tm (hay kho tng tm), nhng gio l c khm ph t bn tnh gic ng ca tm. n Jigme Lingpa v sau t ngi cho n ngy nay, s trao truyn Longchen Nyingthig c truyn qua dng truyn tha ca nhiu o s gic ng, m nhng v c cuc i kit xut nht c gii thiu trong quyn sch ny. Trong qu kh, khi ti c nhng tiu s m ti tm tt y, ti thy l nhng cuc i y cm hng v k diu nht. Nhng vo lc ny, khi ti thut li cc tiu s bng nhng li l v cm xc ca ring ti, bn thn ti thng xuyn tri qua nhng kinh nghim au kh, gian lao, hay phn khch cng nh an bnh, h lc, sng ngi, hay s khong t m cc o s tri qua. V th nhng cuc i khng cn l nhng cu chuyn c hay cc i tng bn ngoi ngh tng na. Chng l nhng le sng ni tm ca cc o s, l chn tnh ca nhng cuc i gic ng. Trong chn tnh , mi giai on v nhng biu l khc nhau ca cc cuc i c ng cm, ging nh nhng con sng vo i dng, mt khi nc duy nht. Nu nhng tiu s ny c c nh nhng cu chuyn vi nhng nhn thc thng tu v y cm xc th s cm hng l li lc tt p nht c th c c. Nu nhng cuc i c c cm nhn v hp nht vi nhng kinh nghim ca cc o s, chc chn l nhng cu chuyn s lm pht khi s chng ng tm linh, tnh thng, s an bnh, khong t, sng ngi, v kh nng cha lnh trong tri tim c gi. i vi ti, tht khng ng v qu l iu bt kh khi ti c trnh c im in hnh ca cc tiu s Ty Tng, l vic a ra nhng danh mc bt tn nhng v Thy, gio l, v t ca cc o s, mc d nhng danh mc c th tht t nht i vi nhng c gi khng phi l ngi Ty Tng. Nhng ti c gng khng cho nhng chi tit ny lm gim bt tnh cht sng ng ca cu chuyn k. Mi khi c th, ti c gng a ra nhng cm xc su xa v nhng cuc i tm linh, v ng thi nhng cuc i bn ngoi hng ngy ca cc o s: lm th no cc ngi i mt v cha lnh ni au kh ca thn xc cc ngi, cc ngi i x vi s ri lon cm xc ra sao, lm cch no cc ngi chin thng nhng o tng v mt tm linh hay thin nh ca mnh, v quan trng hn na, cc ngi kinh nghim g khi nh thc Pht Tm thm su v nhng Pht cht (phm hnh ca Pht) ca ring cc ngi. Quyn sch ny c hai phn, phn u l mt gii thiu tiu s ngn gn ca c Pht v mt danh sch cc dng chnh yu ca Pht gio Ty Tng. Trong khi trnh by cuc i ca c Pht da trn nhng Kinh in truyn thng, ti 6

c gng gii thiu cuc i ny trong phm vi ngha ca n v nhng li ging dy ca ngi hn l mt chuyn k c tnh cht lch s. i vi danh sch cc dng truyn tha ca Pht gio Ty Tng, ti a ra mt nt phc ha cu trc ca mt vi dng chnh, nhng c t chi tit v nhng dng hay nhng gio l ca chng. Phn th hai l phn chnh ca quyn sch. N trnh by nguyn l ca ba thn Pht v tiu s ca ba mi lm o s ca dng Longchen Nyingthig. Ba thn Pht l Dharmakya (Php thn), thn ti thng, l s hon ton m trng, bn tnh tuyt i ca c Pht; Sambogakya (Bo thn), thn h lc, nh r mi hnh thc Pht ch thc xut hin khng c s nh nguyn ch th-i tng; v Nirmanakya (Ha thn), thn c hin l, l nhng hnh thc ca Pht c chng sinh bnh thng tri gic. Ba thn Pht l nhng sui ngun ca cc gio l ti thng, chng hn nh Longchen Nyingthig. o s u tin ca dng Longchen Nyingthig trong thn tng con ngi l Prahevajra (cng c gi l Garab Dorje, Kim Cng H). Cuc i ca nhng o s trong loi ngi lc ban u t Prahevajra xung ti Guru Rinpoche (th k th 9) c mt phm tnh c nht v nh. Nhng cuc i c hin l nh mt nng lc mnh m v gii lut v cc thnh tu, s hu nhng ph bm v nng lc siu phm. T Longchen Rabjam tr i, mc d cuc i ca nhng o s sau ny phn nh mt con ng, s hin dng, v nng lc khc bit vi chng ta, nhng cc ngi vn c nhiu kinh nghim tng t vi nhng gian kh, kh au, v cm xc ca ring ta, v ta c th tng tng bn thn ta n lc ta c c nng lc ca cc ngi hin dng, cha lnh, v chng ng. Nh vy, cuc i ca cc o s lc ban u l nhng cuc i quan trng nht, nhng i vi nhiu c gi th cuc i ca nhng o s sau ny d lm cho chng ta nhn thc v ng cm hn. Dng nh c hai l do khin c hai loi tiu s ny. Nhng thay i trong ngh thut bin son gii thch mt vi d bit gia nhng tng thut v cc o s lc ban u v cc v sau ny. Nhng l do chnh l s thay i hon cnh, nhng kh nng ca c ta v mc khong t v nhn thc ca h. Thm na, trong s nhng tiu s ca cc o s sau ny, c nhiu v chng hn nh Do Khyentse, ra i vi tr tu v nng lc k diu, trong khi nhng v khc nh Dodrupchen Nht v Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku, t c nhng thnh tu tm linh ti thng nh gii lut ca s kh hnh v hin dng. Nhiu o s thng i mt vi nhng chng ngi khc nghit trong hnh trnh tm linh ca cc ngi, nhng nng lc ca s thu sut, ha nguyn, v cm hng ca cc ngi khng ch gi gn cho cc ngi trn con ng m cn dn dt cc ngi ti mc tiu. S trao truyn Longchen Nyingthig chy qua nhiu o s ca nhng dng truyn tha khc nhau. Trong quyn sch ny ti ch c th a vo nhng o s chnh yu ca bn thn dng Longchen Nyingthig v nhng o s c lin h trc tip trong vic lm cho s trao truyn Longchen Nyingthig i ti nhng v Thy ca ti v sau ti ti. C rt nhiu ti liu lin quan ti cuc i ca nhiu o s, nhng i vi mt vi o s quan trng nh Dola Jigme Kalzang, Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye, Khenpo Pema Dorje, Dodrupchen Nh, v npo Tendzin Norbu, th ti ch c th tm

c rt t ti liu. Ngoi ra, ti tp trung nhiu hn vo cc o s m chng ta c t ti liu bng Anh ng v cc ngi hn l nhng o s m tiu s c th tm thy trong Anh ng. Nhng o s m cuc i c ghi chp trong quyn sch ny l mt s v trong nhiu c nhn him hoi m chng ta c c Ty Tng trong lch s ko di hn mi th k ca Pht gio. Tuy nhin, chng ta khng nn c cm tng rng hu ht nhng ngi Ty Tng u l cc thin gi v i v nhng bc lo thng thnh tu ph din nhng nng lc huyn diu, nh tiu thuyt Lost Horizon (Chn Tri Mt) c th miu t! Nhng o s thnh tu nh th rt him c Ty Tng nu so snh vi ton th dn chng. ng thi, chng c l do g nghi ng vic cc ngi l nhng bc c nng lc tm linh v chng ng v i. Ni no c nhng hon cnh thch hp v c s hin dng tuyt i cho s tin b ca phm tnh tm linh ca tm hn l s tin b vt cht, th ngi ta s c chng kin nhng thnh tu tm linh nh th khng ch trong nn vn minh Ty Tng, m cn trong nhiu nn vn ha trong ton b lch s th gii trong nhng thi i hong kim giu c tm linh. i vi ti ti liu trong quyn sch ny l ngun ti liu gy cm hng nht m ti tng c khi bin son. Mi o s th hon ton khc bit nhng cc ngi li rt ging nhau. Mi o s v i c c tnh c nht v nh hin l, c vai tr ng, c ni chn thc hin trong dng truyn tha Longchen Nyingthig qu bu ny. Hu ht cc o s v i ny ra i, bin mt vo qu kh xa xi, nhng s hin din ca cc ngi trong dng truyn tha qu bu ny, nhng li dy ca gio l gic ng ca cc ngi, v nng lc mang li nhng gia h ca cc ngi th vn li vi chng ta.

Quyn Mt Li Gii thiu

PHT l chn l ph qut, v Pht gio l con ng nhn ra chn l . Pht l chn tnh, s m trng (rng rang), v trng thi gic ng ca th gii, nh n l. Mi s xut hin c tnh cht hin tng ch l nng lc hin l ca chnh chn tnh , nh chng xut hin. Nu chng ta nhn ra chn tnh ca ring ta, s an bnh ti thng, s m trng, nht nh, v gic ng, th chng ta l tt c ch Pht. Khi mi hin tng s t nhin xut hin nh ci tnh ca Pht, nng lc ca chn tnh. Pht gio l nhng giai on ca con ng chng ng Pht qu, v chnh l nhng gio l truyn cm hng cho ta t ti s chng ng . c Pht Shkyamuni (Thch Ca Mu Ni) (th k th nm-th t trc Cng nguyn)1 l mt trong nhiu bc thnh Pht nh con ng ca Pht gio trong thi i ny ca chng ta. Ngi l o s truyn b con ng thng c gi mt cch ph thng l Pht gio. Nhng Ngi khng phi l v Pht duy nht, v Pht gio khng ch gii hn trong nhng li dy ca Ngi. Cc tantra (Mt in) l nhng Kinh in b mt nguyn thy ca Pht gio. Chng bao gm nhiu tantra Nyingma, chng hn nh cc tantra ca gio kha Longchen Nyingthig. Cc tantra ny khng nht thit l nhng iu c ghi chp li t nhng li dy ca c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni. Tuy nhin, cc tantra l nhng gio l Pht gio bi chng xut pht t cc thn Pht, v chng mang li nhng phng php dn chng ta ti Pht qu. Ngoi ra, cc tantra do cc mn chng ng ca c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni khm ph v ph hp vi gio l ca Ngi.

c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni
C PHT Shkyamuni (c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni), ng Ton Gic, n sinh hn hai mi lm th k trc gia nhng du hiu k diu, trong vn Lumbin (Lm T Ni), ngy nay thuc v Nepal. Thn ph ca Ngi l Vua Shuddhohana (Tnh Phn) v thn mu l Hong hu Mydev (Ma Da) thuc dng Shkya (Thch Ca). Ngi c t tn l Siddhrtha (Tt t a) v chng bao lu Ngi thng tho nhiu loi kin thc v tinh thng nhiu ngh thut tr thnh bc tr v trong tng lai ca vng quc. Cui cng, v phi ngu ca Ngi l Cng cha Yashodhar (Da Du La) hoi thai con trai ca ngi, Thi t Rhula (La Hu La). Thi t Siddhrtha sng trong nhng lc th v xa hoa th tc tt nh c th c c trong thi i ca ngi. Thm ch thn ph ngi cn c gng ngn cn khng Ngi nhn thy hay bit v nhng ni c cc ca dn chng. Nhng Siddhrtha nhn ra rng trong th gian ny khng ai c c nim vui chn tht v khng c g ngoi ni kh au, ni kh trn ngp ca tui gi, bnh tt, ci cht, v nhng thng kh v tn. Mi s sinh ra u kt thc trong ci cht, mi t hi u kt thc trong phn ly, v mi s trn tr nim vui s kt thc trong au kh. Mi hot ng th tc, d trc tip hay gin tip, ch gy nn au kh ca s khng hi lng. Tt c nhng au kh ny c bt r trong cch tm thc tip cn sai lm khi bm chp vo ci ng,2 hng hc nhng cm xc sn hn v dc vng, v thm mun nim vui kh au, nh khi khao kht cm gic ca vic gi nga. Siddhrtha quyt nh tm ra phng php gii thot khi lun hi au kh v dn dt nhng ngi khc, nhng b m chng sinh, ti s chng ng gii thot v gic ng. Nm Ngi hai mi chn tui, sau khi c thn ph min cng cho php Ngi t b i sng th tc, Ngi tr thnh mt ngi kh hnh lang thang khng nh. Ngi tm n nhiu hin nhn ni ting n v thin nh theo li ging dy ca h. Ngi thin nh trong khi tun gi nhng kh hnh kht khe trong su nm bn b Sng Nairajnan (Ni Lin Thin). Nhng s theo ui ny gip ngi pht trin nhng tng thin nh cao, s an bnh, v hoan h, nhng khng a c Ngi ti mc ch ti thng m Ngi ang tm kim: hon ton thot khi vic bm chp vo bn ng, bi tt c nhng thnh tu vn cn st li t nhiu s chp ng. Nm ba mi lm tui, sau khi nhn ra rng kh hnh thn xc khng phi l mt phng tin hu hiu t c chn l, Siddhrtha ung mt t sa nguyn

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cht. Sau khi t nui dng bn thn, Ngi i ti Vajrsana (Kim Cng Ta), ngy nay c gi l Bodhgay (B o Trng) bang Bihar, n . , vo m trc ngy trng trn ca thng Vaishkha (Thng T/Nm), Ngi an ta trong t th thin nh di mt cy c (ashvattha) (t c gi l Cy B ) v nhp nh. Sau khi tri chng vng ti, nhng lc lng qu ma tp trung trc mt Ngi vi nhng s hm da v cm d ngn tr khng cho Ngi t c Gic ng. Cc lc lng qu ma nh nhng m my ln gm ln nhng li e da v xung nhng trn ma v kh. Cc trinh n p nh tin xut hin v nhy ma trc ngi khuy ng nhng gic quan ca ngi. Nhng khng iu g lay chuyn c tm Ngi, v Ngi an tr trong thin nh v lng t i. Trn ma v kh tr thnh ma hoa, v mi s xut hin dn dn tan bin nh mt o nh. Sau , vo canh mt,3 Ngi nhp bn tng thin nh (t thin) (bSam gTan bZhi). Cp (tng) u tin (S thin) l thin nh nht tm vi h (dGa) v lc (bDe), la b nhng cm th ca dc gii, t c cp ny nh ngh tng (rTog) v phn tch (dPyod) nhng cm th l th lu v tiu cc. Cp th hai (nh thin) l thin nh nht tm trong tm trong tro vi h v lc, la b nhng t tng v s phn tch nhng cm th nh trong cp u tin. Cp th ba (tam thin) l thin nh nht tm vi lc, la b vic cm thy h lc trong cc cm th nh trong cp th hai nh s x b (bnh thn), hi tng, v tnh gic. Cp th t (t thin) l thin nh nht tm vi s x b, bng phng tin ca chnh nim thun tnh, la b nhng cm xc v lc ca cp th ba nh nhn ra n qu th tho. Sau , vi tm hon ton an tnh, t ch, chi sng, nhu nhuyn, v trong tro c c nh bn tng thin nh, Ngi tp trung vo vic pht trin ba trng thi ca s tnh gic (Rig Pa Gsum). (1) Ngi t c thin nhn thng4 thu sut v vn chi tit v nhng thng trm ca tt c chng sinh cng vi nghip ca h, nguyn nhn to nn nhng thng trm . (2) Ngi t c tc mng thng,5 l kh nng thu sut v s i qu kh ca bn thn Ngi v nhng ngi khc v nhng iu xy ra v kinh nghim ca nhng cuc i vi y chi tit. (3) K , vo sng sm ngy trng trn, Ngi t c lu tn thng6 bng cch suy tng v chng ng bn cht ca mi hai duyn khi (thp nh nhn duyn) (rTen Brel bChu gNyis), nh lut ca cuc i. Trong giai on ny, ngi nhn ra rng do bi (1) v minh (khng gic ng) nn sinh ra (2) hnh, l s hnh thnh ca nghip (hnh ng theo ch), do hnh sinh ra (3) thc, do thc sinh ra (4) danh sc (nhng hin tng khch quan thuc tinh thn v vt l), do danh sc sinh ra (5) lc nhp, l nng lc ca su gic quan, lc nhp sinh ra (6) xc, l s tip xc (ca cc i tng, gic quan, v nhng ng dng ca chng), xc sinh ra (7) th, th sinh ra (8) i (s tham mun), i sinh ra (9) th (s bm chp), th sinh ra (10) hu, l s tr thnh (hin hu), do hu sinh ra (11) sinh, bnh, (12) gi, au kh, v cht. Khi Ngi cng chng ng nh lut ca tin trnh o ngc mi hai duyn khi (thp nh nhn duyn). Do chm dt v minh nn hnh (s hnh thnh ca nghip) chm dt, v v.v.. Ngi chng ng bn chn l cao qu (T Diu ) (Phags Pai bDen Pa bZhi) ca mi mt trong mi hai duyn khi. Ngi thu sut v minh l g, u l

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nguyn nhn ca v minh, u l s chm dt v minh, v u l con ng ca s chm dt v minh, v v.v.. Ngi chng ng bn chn l cao qu (T Diu ). (1) Ngi chng ng chn l v kh au (kh ), nhn ra rng ton b s hin hu th tc khng c g ngoi mt chui kh au. (2) Ngi chng ng chn l v nguyn nhn ca kh au (tp ), l nghip vi nhng th lc cm xc bt r trong s tham mun (i) v bm chp (th) vo bn ng. (3) Ngi chng ng chn l v s chm dt au kh (dit ), s thnh tu Nit bn, s gic ng. (4) Ngi chng ng chn l v con ng chm dt au kh (o ), s tu tp bt chnh o, tc l chnh kin, chnh t duy, chnh ng, chnh hnh, chnh mng, chnh tinh tn, chnh nim, v chnh nh. Sau , trc lc bnh minh, ngi nhp nh nh kim cng, kin c, bi khng c s ngn tr no c th hy dit c n; vng chc, bi khng b lay ng bi nhng nim tng; c bn cht nht nh, bi mi s trong u ng mt v (nht v); v trm khp, bi n l chn tnh ca mi s hin hu. Trong mt khonh khc duy nht ngi ht sch ngay c nhng du vt vi t nht ca cc che chng m ngi nui dng trong bn thn, hon thnh s chng ng ba trng thi tnh gic, v tr thnh ng Ton gic, c Pht. Ngi bay vt ln khng trung ti mt cao bng by cy tal (cy c) v an ta , ngi tuyn b:
Hm nay, mi s ti sinh [i vi ta] chm dt. Con ng hon tt. Khng cn iu g theo ui na.

V:
Ta chng ng mt Gio Php nh-cam l. N l mt sng t trong tro (tnh quang): khng c to tc, su xa, an bnh, v vt mi n lc dng cng.

Trong bn mi lm nm cn li ca i Ngi, c Pht du hnh khng mi mt vi i chn trn v sng bng cch kht thc mi ngy mt ba. Vi tnh thng v tr tu, c Pht ging dy phng php t c Pht qu v phng s Tng on ca Ngi, l cng ng tng, ni v nhng ngi sng m, v tt c nhng ngi Ngi gp v nhng ngi n vi Ngi. Trong thi gian , c Pht ging dy nhng con ng khc nhau cho nhng ngi c tnh kh7 d bit. Theo cc truyn thng Mahyna (i tha) v Vajrayna (Kim Cng tha) ca Pht gio th c Pht khng ch ging dy Hnayna, Pht gio thng thng hay chnh thng (Thanh Vn tha) m cng dy Mahyna, Pht gio tin b (i tha), v Vajrayna, Pht gio b truyn (Kim cng tha). Gio l Hnayna (hay Theravdin) ca c Pht c gi l Tripitaka (Tam Tng). l Vinaya (Lut tng), ging dy v gii lut o c ca cng ng tu s v nhng c s sng m; Abhidharma (Lun tng), dy v tr tu ca tm l hc v siu hnh hc Pht gio; v Stra (Kinh tng), dy v nhng thin nh v nhng b Kinh khc nhau.

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Bi thuyt php u tin ca ngi l v bn chn l cao qu (T Diu ). Gio l ny ging ngha ton b s pht trin ca chu k tinh thn v vt l ca th gian v chu k o ngc li. Ngi ging dy gio l ny cho nm t-tu s u tin ca Ngi ti Vn Lc Uyn, hin nay c gi l Srnth, gn Vrnas (Ba La Ni) n . c Pht ni:
Hi cc tu s, c bn chn l cao qu. l kh (kh ), nguyn nhn ca kh (tp ), s chm dt ni kh (dit ), v con ng chm dt ni kh (o ). (1) Chn l cao qu ca au kh (Kh ) l g? l ni kh ca sinh, lo, bnh, t, phi xa la nhng iu mong mun, phi gp nhng iu khng a thch, v khng c c nhng iu mnh tm kim. Tm li, nm un ca s tham luyn l kh. iu ny c gi l kh . (2) Chn l cao qu ca nguyn nhn au kh (Tp ) l g? l s tham mun gy nn s ti hin hu (hay li tr thnh chng sinh) v nhng iu c i km theo bi dc vng am m, v nhng g tm thy ton b nim vui trong [hay dnh mc vo] ci ny v ci kia. iu ny c gi l nguyn nhn ca au kh (tp ). (3) Chn l cao qu ca s chm dt au kh (dit ) l g? S chm dt au kh l s hon ton chm dt v hon ton thot khi dc vng, tham mun, l ci to nn s ti-hin hu v l ci c i km bi dc vng am m, v l ci tm kim, to ra, v ht sc ham thch ci ny v ci kia. (4) Con ng dn ti s chm dt au kh (o ) l g? l Bt chnh o, bao gm chnh kin, chnh t duy, chnh ng, chnh hnh, chnh mng, chnh tinh tn, chnh nim, v chnh nh.8

S thnh tu nhng qu v ca Pht gio ty thuc vo nhng n lc ca bn thn c nhn hnh gi, v nhim v ca c Pht ch l ging dy v gy truyn cm hng cho h. c Pht ni:
Ta ch ra con ng gii thot. Cc con nn hiu rng s gii thot ca cc con ty thuc vo chnh cc con.9

Tinh ty ca vic tu tp Pht gio l ch hnh ng vi gii lut ng n v iu phc tm ca chnh mnh bng Bt Chnh o. c Pht ni:
Khng lm iu c. Thc hnh mi iu thin. iu phc tm mnh. l li Pht dy.10

Nu chng ta c th iu phc tm ca ta, mi hnh vi ca thn ta s t nhin c gii hnh nghim minh. bi tm dn dt tt c. c Pht ni:
Tm l yu t chnh, v n dn dt mi hnh ng. Vi mt tm thc thanh tnh, d con ni hay lm iu g S ch mang li hnh phc. N ging nh mt ci bng lun i theo sau.11

Khi chng ta thu sut v chng ng chn l ca cuc i v bn tnh ca tm ta, chng ta s thot khi mi au kh. c Pht ni:
Bng tr tu, khi cc con nhn ra rng mi s duyn hp Th v thng,.. au kh.. v v ng,..

13

Cc con s khng bao gi b thng tn bi bt k au kh no. l con ng chn chnh!12

i vi cc t ca Mahyna (i tha), c loi ngi ln nhng phi-nhn, c Pht truyn dy gio l Mahyna chng hn nh tr tu siu vit (tr tu ba la mt) v tinh ty Pht trn Ni Gridhrakta (nh Linh Thu) Rajgir (Rjagriha, Vng X) n v nhiu ni khc. Bi cha ti lc truyn b gio l Mahyna nn gio l ny ch c ban cho mt s t ngi. Nhiu th k sau ny, gio l Mahyna c khm ph cho cng chng bi nhng o s gi gn cc gio l v cng bi nhiu v mang gio l tr v t nhng x s v h thng th gii khc nhau. Hu ht cc gii lut Mahyna c t trn Hnayna, hay nhng gio l Pht gio thng thng, nhng thi v ci thy (kin, quan im) th khc nhau. Lng i bi cng l mt thc hnh quan trng trong Pht gio thng thng, nhng hng nhn lnh ton b trch nhim v nhng ngi khc hay hng tr th cho ti khi mi b m chng sinh u c gii thot c gi l B tm, tm gic ng. Tu tp su ba la mt13 vi B tm l cch tip cn c nht v nh ca Mahyna. i vi ci thy, nim v khng (tnh Khng) l ct li ca gio thuyt i tha. Trong ngha tuyt i hay chn l ti thng th mi hin tng l tnh Khng, v trn bnh din tng i hay theo chn l quy c th mi s xut hin nh s duyn khi, ging nh mt gic mng, o nh, hay s phng chiu. V th hai chn l th hp nht, v chng l bn tnh ca mi s m khng c cht mu thun no. Tnh Khng khng phi l s ph nh hay khng c g ht, m l mt s hon ton m trng (rng rang) v thot khi tm thc nh nguyn, nhng s nh danh c tnh cht khi nim, hay nhng nim v mi s cc oan, c (hu) hay khng (v), cng c cng khng hoc khng c khng khng. Tr tu nguyn s, l tnh Khng v s nhn ra tnh Khng, ng thi thu sut mi s m khng c gii hn no. Tr tu ny cng c biu tng nh b m, sui ngun hay ni an tr ca tt c ch Pht V mt tu tp,14 trc tin nhng mn ca i tha s dng tm th tc ca h v nhng nim khi trong tm nh phng tin t c Pht qu, v nh tin trin qua tin trnh , cui cng h t c Pht qu. c Pht ni:
Ch v B Tt t c tr tu chng ng [s hp nht] ca s duyn khi v bn tnh ca tnh Khng bt sinh bt dit, Ging nh nhng tia sng ca mt tri khng b my che xua tan bng ti, Tiu dit v minh v thnh tu [Pht qu]15 hin din t nhin.

V:
Con l ly b m v i ca ch Pht ba thi, Tnh Khng, l phm vi ca tr tu t-tnh gic, Thot khi nhng s nh danh, t tng v nhng biu l, V bt sinh v bt dit, nh khng gian.16

V:

14

Sc l Khng. Khng l sc. Khng khng la sc. Sc chng la Khng.17

i vi cc mn Kim Cng tha, thnh gi trong loi ngi v phi nhn m tm thc thun thc mt cch khc thng, c Pht ban nhng qun nh hay nhp mn (abhisheka) v cc gio l tantra,18 gio l b mt Guhyasamja v Klachakra v v.v.. ti Dhnyakataka Odddiyna, v nhng ni khc, bng cch t bin thnh hnh thc Bo thn, s hin l chn thc ca c Pht. Nhiu th k sau, khi ng thi, nhng gio l c mang tr li t nhng x s khc nhau v c tit l cho cng chng. Ngoi ra, nhiu tantra c ch Pht tit l cho nhiu bc lo thng chng ng v i. Nhng gio l tantra khng ch l nhng li ging dy m cn chuyn ch mt s trao truyn nng lc b mt, s chng ng tr tu nguyn s. S trao truyn ny xy ra trong l qun nh (trao quyn) cho t i vo vic hc tp v chng ng tantra. K t duy tr s tng tc ca trao truyn , v iu c gi l s tun gi samaya, gii nguyn b mt. Vi samaya khng b t on, t tu tp hai giai on.19 Giai on pht trin ty sch s tham luyn vo cc hin tng, thn, v tm. Trong giai on , vi n lc trong tm, ta qun tng th gii, thn, v tm nh mn la ca Bn Tn, xut hin nhng trng khng, tnh ha s sinh v t v trng thi trung m. Giai on ton thin hon thnh nhng thnh tu nng lc, gia h v chng ng. Trong giai on ny, nh a kh/nng lc v tm vo kinh mch trung ng, ta chng ng v hon thin tr tu, l ci g hin din bm sinh, trm khp v thot khi nhng t tng. Nhng tu tp Mt tha20 hin thn mt thin xo phi thng ca s ton thin. Chng hn nh, chng hon thin tm ta nh s hp nht ca s chng ng tnh Khng v s xut hin ca tt c nh tr tu ca i lc (hay lng bi mn) v nh ba thn Pht. Tu tp Mt tha mang li s thnh tu Pht qu ngay trong i ny. c Pht ni:
Gio l ca mt v h tr-kim cng [trantra] c t nn trn hai giai on. l giai on pht trin v giai on ton thin.21

V:
S bt kh phn [hp nht] ca tnh Khng v lng bi mn c gi l Tm Gic ng.22

tui tm mi,23 vo ngy trng trn ca thng Vaishkha (Thng T/Nm), an ta di cy shla (Shorea robusta) ti Kushinagara (Cu Thi Na) min bc n , c Pht tuyn b vi cc mn ca ngi:
Cc tu s. Ta sp nhp Nit bn. ng su no v iu . Nu cc con c vn g th hy hi ta khng ai phi hi hn v b l mt c hi nh th.

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Ngi lp li cu ny ba ln, nhng tt c u im lng. Sau c Pht ci thng y v l b ngc vng ca ngi, lp i lp li rng mi ngi hy chim ngng thn tng ca c Pht, l iu rt him c chng kin. Mi ngi cm thy bnh an nh thin nh bng cch chim ngng khng chp mt thn tng thun tnh nh vng rng ca c Pht. Sau , mt ln na, Ngi mc y v nm nghing v bn phi, Ngi nhp i nit bn, s hon ton chm dt kh au, an bnh ti thng, Pht qu. Ngi ri b thn tng nh sui ngun ca s gia h, hi tng cc gio l v s hin din ca c Pht. SAU C PHT Sau c Pht, by v trng lo, ng ch nht l Mahkshyapa (i Ca Dip) v nanda (A Nan); hai bc xut chng v su Php bo ca Mahyna (i tha), ng k nht l Ngrjuna (Long Th) v Asanga (V Trc); tm mi bn i thnh tu gi ca Kim Cng tha, ng k nht l Saraha v Nropa; v tm tr minh vng, ng k nht l Prahevajra v Manjushrmitra, duy tr v truyn b Pht php, c Kinh in ln Mt in, n v a chng ti hu ht mi ni trong lc a chu . Khong nm th k sau c Pht, Gio l i tha bt u c truyn b rng ri. Sau , mi th k sau c Pht, gio l Kim Cng tha bt u c truyn b rng ri n , nh nh hng ca i tha. V th Pht gio dn dn pht trin thnh hai trng phi chnh: Hnayna, Pht gio chnh thng, v Mahyna, Pht gio tin b (i tha). Hnayna c truyn b sang cc quc gia pha nam v Mahyna sang cc quc gia pha bc ca chu . S pht trin ny tri qua nhng bin i sut cc thi i, nhng t lc bt u cho ti th k hai mi th s phn b i khi nh sau: Pht gio Mahyna, theo Kinh in Phn ng, c truyn b Nepal, Trung , Trung quc, Hn quc, Java, Sumatra, Nht Bn, Ty Tng, Bhutan, v Mng C. Pht gio Hnayna, hay Theravdin (Pht gio nguyn thy), theo Kinh in Pli, c truyn b ti Sri Lanka, Min in, Thi Lan, Cam Bt (Cao Min), v Lo. Ti Vit Nam, c Hnayna ln Mahyna u c thc hnh. Tht khng may, vo th k mi hai, bn cht bt bo ng ca Pht gio khin n bin mt khi n , ni sn sinh ra Pht gio, trc s thng tr ca ngi theo n gio, v sau ny, bi nhng cuc xm lc ca ngi theo Hi gio. Tuy nhin, Pht gio vn cn pht trin ti Sri Lanka, Thi Lan, Min in, Nepal, ng dng, Trung quc, Nht Bn, Ty Tng, Bhutan, Mng C, v nhng quc gia khc Chu . Ngy nay, trong th k hai mi, Pht gio c a tr li n v pht trin n nhiu ni khp a cu. Mt trong nhng thin xo c nht v nh ca Pht gio l s hin din ca nhiu cch tip cn trong cch nhn (quan im) v vic tu tp. Lankvatra-stra (Kinh Lng Gi) ni: Trong mt chng mc no cc t tng vn tip tc le ln cho cc chng sinh, khng c gii hn i vi cc tha hay cch tip cn Gio Php. Trong th gii c v s chng sinh, mi ngi trong c mt bn tnh v kh nng khc nhau. V th cn phi c nhng con ng khc nhau h thc hnh ph hp vi bn tnh ca h. Nhng khng th ging dy nhiu tha nh s

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chng sinh c. Tuy nhin c Pht ban nhiu loi gio l Kinh in v tantra (Mt in) khc nhau cho nhng ngi h cn, trung cn v thng cn, tt c nhng gio l y u dn ti cng mt mc ch. Ty thuc vo nhng phng php khc nhau m ta theo ui, ta c th nhanh chng t c mc ch hay sau khi thc hnh lu di. phn bit tnh cht ca ba tha, ngi ta a ra mt v d l mt loi cy c, tng trng cho nhng nhim ca tham, sn, v si. Trong Hnayna mt hnh gi n trnh s nguy him ca cht c. Trong Mahyna, hnh gi tiu dit cht c bng nhng cch i tr. Trong Vajrayna (Kim Cng tha), hnh gi chuyn ha cht c thnh tr tu siu vit.

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Pht gio Ty Tng

PHT GIO Ty Tng bt u t th k th by, trong triu i ca Vua Songtsen Gampo (617-698).24 Trong th k th chn, vo thi ca Vua Trisong Detsen (790-858),25 Shntarakshita, Guru Rinpoche (c Padmasambhava, Lin Hoa Sanh), Vimalamitra, v nhiu hc gi v hin nhn v i nht ca thi i n c mi sang Ty Tng. Vi hng trm dch gi, cc ngi dch gio l Hnayna, Mahyna, v Vajrayna sang ting Ty Tng. Ty Tng tr thnh mt trung tm pht trin cho ton b cc loi gio l o Pht. T th k th chn cho ti gia th k hai mi, Ty Tng bo tn gio l ca ba tha trong mt s trao truyn khng t on. Tt c nhng ngi Ty Tng u l Pht t, theo Mahyna v Vajrayna. Gia Hnayna v Mahyna c nhiu khc bit v trit hc, gii lut, v nhng nguyn c, nhng thi c cho l vn chnh yu phn bit hai tha ny. Ngi thc hnh Pht gio ch yu l v hnh phc v s gii thot ca bn thn l mt ngi theo Hnayna. Ngi thc hnh vi B tm, thi nhn trch nhim v hnh phc v s gii thot ca nhng ngi khc, l mt ngi theo Mahyna, mt B Tt. Ty Tng, t nht vo lc bt u mt thi kha thc hnh, nu ta bt u vi s pht trin B tm, th ta ang c gng tr thnh mt mn ca con ng Mahyna (i tha). Khng nhng trong cc Lt ma v tu s m c cc c s, khng ai Ty Tng m khng nhn nhng qun nh tu tp Mt tha; v th, tt c nhng ngi Ty Tng cng l cc mn ca Mt tha. n c, tantra c thc hnh b mt, nhng Ty Tng hu ht cc tantra c thc hnh m khng b nhiu hn ch. Cc v Thy quan st rng vic thc hnh tantra ty thuc vo lng knh ngng (sng m) i vi gio l, n ni lng knh ngng bo m cho mt ngi c nhn cc gio hun. X n khng bao gi hon ton hin mnh cho Pht gio, nhng ton b x Ty Tng theo o Pht; v th s cn thit phi gi b mt v s phn bit trong vic cho php nghin cu cc tantra hai ni ny th khng ging nhau. Ngoi cc gio l Mahyna v Vajrayna, nhiu Kinh in Hnayna, chng hn nh bn s phn chia cc bn vn vinaya (Lut tng) v nhiu Kinh in, to thnh nn tng ca thc hnh Pht gio Ty Tng. V th Ty Tng l mt x s trong ton b gio l Pht gio c bo tn v thc hnh trit . Cc trng phi khc nhau bn truyn thng chnh v nhiu truyn thng ph ca Pht gio xut hin Ty Tng. Nhng cch hiu gio l Kinh in thay i vi nhng hc gi Ty Tng, nhng nhng phn bit chnh yu nm trong nhng cch hiu v thc hnh tantra. Cc tantra c dch t Phn ng trc th k mi mt c gi l Ngak Nyingma, tantra c, v cc tantra c dch trong v sau th k mi mt c gi l Ngak Sarma, tantra mi. C nhng tantra c dch trong thi k u ln thi k sau, nhng nhiu tantra c dch trong thi k u nhng khng c dch li trong thi k sau. Mt s tantra c dch trong thi k u b tht lc, v th ch nhng bn dch trong thi k sau l cn tn ti. V mt s bn dch lc u c hiu nh trong thi k sau v tn ti nh cc tantra ca nhng trng phi lc ban u v sau ny. Cc tantra ring ca phi Nyingma l ba tantra ni, tc l cc tantra Mahyoga, Anuyoga, v Atiyoga. 18

Kt qu l bn dng hay trng phi chnh pht trin Ty Tng. Trng phi ca truyn thng Pht gio Mt tha nguyn thy ca Ty Tng c gi l Nyingma, C Phi. Cc mn ca tn tantra pht trin thnh ba trng phi khc: 1. Kagy, do Marpa Lotswa (1012-1099) sng lp 2. Sakya, do Khn Knchok Gyalpo (1034-1102) sng lp 3. Geluk, do Je Tsongkhapa (1357-1419) sng lp Trong truyn thng Kinh in khng c s phn chia nhng bn dch c hay mi (cu dch hay tn dch). Nhng s phn chia p dng cho cc Kinh in Ty Tng l phn chia ca nhng truyn b lc ban u v sau ny. S truyn b lc ban u (bsTan Pa sNga Dar) m ch nhng gio l c truyn b trc triu i ca Vua Lang Darma, ngi c quy cho ti hy dit Pht gio, l tn gio ngoi quc, Ty Tng. S truyn b sau ny (Phyi Dar) bt u vi vic cng c li Kinh in Pht gio sau vic m st Lang Darma vo nm 906. S khng nh c tnh cch lch s ca phi Nyingma lin quan ti thi k chuyn tip do vic b o ca triu nh gy ra l trong khi Pht gio Kinh tha b ngn cm th s bc hi khng hy dit c vic thc hnh Pht gio Mt tha, bi vic thc hnh khng ph thuc vo mt cu trc tu vin v c th bc hu hnh, v cng bi s hi nng lc ca tntrika v i Nupchen Sangye Yeshe, ngi e da vua Lang Darma bng mt s ph din nhng iu thn diu. Nhiu Kinh in v tantra (Mt in) c dch thut trong thi k truyn b ban u c dch li hay hiu nh trong giai on truyn b v sau, khin cho, mc d mt vi thay i trong nguyn bn, chng u chung nht trong c hai giai on. V d nh nhng Kinh vn sau y cn tn ti cc bn dch lc ban u v v sau: hu ht trong s mi ba quyn Vinayapitaka (Lut Tng); ton b bn vn Prajnpramit (Bt nh ba la mt a); ton b su quyn Ratnakta (Kinh i Bo Tch); su quyn Avatamsaka (Kinh Hoa Nghim); nhiu Kinh in v Mantrasamgraha; v Mahparinirvna-stra (Kinh i Bt Nit Bn), tt c nhng g thuc v Kanjur (bKa Gyur), tuyn tp cc gio l Kinh in ca c Pht (trong 104 quyn gm khong 1.046 lun thuyt). Nhiu bn vn Tenjur (bsTan Gyur), tuyn tp nhng tc phm ca cc hc gi n (trong 185 quyn gm khong 3.786 lun thuyt) c dch sang ting Ty Tng, cng c gi gn trong c tn dch ln cu dch. Mn ca c hai s truyn b ng vi nhau trong vic chp nhn tt c Kinh in l xc thc v trong vic thc hnh chng. Nhng d bit xut hin do nhng cch gii thch khc nhau v cc bn vn ca cc hc gi Ty Tng cng nh s khc bit trong vic nh r nhng bn vn c ngha tuyt i (Nges Don, liu ngha) v nhng bn vn c ngha tng i (Drang Don, bt liu ngha). Lin quan ti vic pht hin cc tantra, cc tantra chnh trong Tn tantra c c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni ging dy trong khi Ngi t hin l l nhng Bn Tn Bo thn. Cc mn ca Tn tantra phn loi Pht gio nh sau: BA THA THUC NGUYN NHN: Shrvakayna (Thanh Vn tha) Pratyekabuddhayna (c Gic tha)

19

Bodhisattvayna (B Tt tha) BN THN CH THA THUC KT QU: Kriyyoga Charyyoga Yogatantra ANUTTARATANTRA (Mt in Du gi Ti thng): tantra cha tantra m tantra bt nh Theo cc Nyingmapa, nhng mn ca cc Tantra C, hu ht cc tantra Nyingma do cc thn tr tu ca ch Pht ban cho nhng bc lo thng Pht gio v i. Nyingma phn loi ton b gio l Pht gio thnh chn yna (chn tha). BA THA B MT: 1. Shrvakayna (Thanh Vn tha) [Hnayna] 2. Pratyekabuddhayna (c Gic tha) [Hnayna] 3. Bodhisattvayna (B Tt tha) [Mahyna] Su Tha Mt in [Vajrayna]: BA THA NGOI: 4. Kriyyoga 5. Charyyoga 6. Yogatantra BA THA NI: 7. Mahyoga (i du gi) 8. Anuyoga (A nu du gi) 9. Atiyoga (i Vin mn) Ba tantra ni l nhng tantra c bit ca Nyingma. c bit l Atiyoga, hay Dzopa Chenpo (Phn ng: Mahsandhi26 hay Ati), l nh cao ca Pht gio. Mt ngi c s thng tu thng tha thc hnh con ng ny vi s tinh tn s t c trng thi tuyt i trong ba nm; mt ngi c mc thng tu trung bnh s t c trong su nm; v mt ngi km thng tu s thnh tu trong mi hai nm. Mt s cc tantra trong ba tantra ni c bao gm trong tuyn tp Kanjur, nhng c mt tuyn tp ring bit ca ba tantra ni c gi l Nyingma Gybum trong hai mi lm (hay ba mi mt) quyn. Cng c nhiu tantra ca truyn thng ny xut hin t nhin trong tm ca cc o s chng ng. C nhiu bn vn sdhana v tantra c Guru Rinpoche trao truyn, nhng gio l ny do Guru Rinpoche v phi ngu ca ngi ct du v c hng trm tertn khm ph li nh Terma (gTer) vo nhng thi i khc nhau, t th k mi mt cho ti nay.

20

T thn Atiyoga c ba phn: Semde, Longde, v Me-ngagde. o s Shrsimha phn chia Me-ngagde thnh bn gio kha, tc l cc Gio kha Ni, Ngoi, B mt, v B mt Thm su. Cc gio l Me-ngagde ni chung, v c bit l Gio kha B mt Thm su, c gi l Nyingthig (Tinh ty Thm su). Nh thc hnh Trekch (Khreg Chod, ct t) ca Atiyoga ni chung, v c bit l ca Nyingthig, nhiu thin gi chng ng bn tnh ni ti ca tm v nhanh chng ha nhp tm mnh vo bn tnh ti thng, Pht qu, ngay trong i ny. Vo lc cht, vi nhng tia sng, hng thm, v nhng vng nh sng, nhiu v tan bin nhc thn, ch li tc, mng tay, v mng chn. iu c gi l thnh tu thn cu vng hay thn nh sng cu vng (Ja Lus), bi nh sng xut hin trong tin trnh tan r v cc ngi t c thn nh sng-tr tu ca Bo thn. Nh thc hnh Thgal (Thod rGal, s tip cn trc tip) ca Nyingthig, cc thin gi v i cng t c Pht qu, v vo lc cht, nhiu v chuyn ha nhc thn thnh thn nh sng, v an tr lu di trong theo mun, v ch c nhng bc chng ng mi c th nhn thy thn nh sng . iu ny c gi l thn cu vng ca s i chuyn ha (Ja Lus Pho Ba Chen Po). Ngoi mi by tantra (rGyud bChu bDun), Nyingthig bao gm nhiu tantra v gio l khc do cc tertn khm ph. V d nh, Chetsn Nyingthig do Chetsn khm ph (v Khyentse Wangpo ti khm ph); Khandro Nyingthig do Pema Ledreltsal khm ph; Karma Nyingthig do Karmapa Tam Rangchung Dorje khm ph; Dorsem Nyingthig ca truyn thng Vairochana do Knkyong Lingpa khm ph; Longchen Nyingthig do Jigme Lingpa khm ph; Bair Nyingthig do Chgyur Lingpa khm ph, v Tsasum sal Nyingthig do Khyentse Wangpo khm ph. Nhng gio l tng t cng c tm thy trong nhiu gio kha ca gio l Nyingma m khng c nh r l Nyingthig, chng hn nh Gongpa Zangthal do Rigdzin Gdem khm ph; Dorje Nyingpo do Longsal Nyingpo khm ph; v Sangye Lakchang do Namch Mingyur Dorje khm ph. Trong tt c nhng gio l Nyingthig ny, Vima Nyingthig, c Vimalamitra trao truyn Ty Tng, v Khandro Nyingthig do Guru Rinpoche trao truyn, m v sau ny c truyn b nh nhng pht hin v tc phm ca Longchen Rabjam (1308-1363), l nhng gio l su xa v phc tp nht v Nyingthig. Trong th k mi tm, Jigme Lingpa (1730-1798) khm ph gio kha Longchen Nyingthig cng vi mt vi tantra Nyingthig nguyn thy nh terma. S khm ph ny a cc gio l Nyingthig ti ch c nhiu ngi yu qu nht. Ngy nay, Vima Nyingthig v Khandro Nyingthig c gi l Cu Nyingthig v Longchen Nyingthig c gi l Tn Nyingthig.

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Ba Cch Trao truyn Trc h ca cc Tantra Nyingma Ni Ni chung

Nhng gio l Mt tha ni tuyt i b mt ca Nyingma xut pht t c Pht nguyn thy v i ti cc v Thy ca chng ta nh ba cch trao truyn. l cch truyn tm ca ch Pht, trao truyn bng biu tng ca cc Tr minh vng, v khu truyn ca cc nh kh hnh. S TRUYN TM CA CH PHT S truyn tm ca ch Pht (rGyal Ba dGongs brGyud) l s trao truyn c nht v nh tn ti gia cc v Pht. Ch bng vic nhn ra ngha ca cc tantra nh v Thy (Pht), on ty tng gm cc t (ch Pht l nhng hin l ca bn thn Ngi) cng c cng s chng ng. y l s trao truyn bn tnh tm ca Thy v t. Cng c loi truyn tm th yu hay tng t trong cc t khng l mt vi v Thy s tr nn bt kh phn trong tm vi v Thy nh phng tin l s gia h ca Thy. Dharmakya (Php thn) an tr khng bin i sut ba thi (qu kh, hin ti, v tng lai) trong th kin chi ngi v s bt kh phn ca Php gii v tr tu nguyn s, l c Pht nguyn thy v bn tnh tuyt i ca mi hin tng. Nh nng lc s ph din ca lng bi mn bao la v s quang minh t nhin ca ci thy v Php thn, bn tnh ca tr tu nguyn s l ci khng th ch ra m cng khng th m t, nm thun cnh ca Bo thn hin din. V vy trao truyn ny c gi l s ging dy ca Php thn, mc d vic ging dy trc tip khng thc s xy ra. Nm thun cnh l: NI CHN: Ci tnh v song, xut hin t nhin nh tri gic v cng thanh tnh ca tr tu nguyn s. O S: Vajradhara (Kim Cng Tr), ng c trang hong y nhng ho tng chnh v ph. T: Ch Pht thuc nm b v nhng mn la nh i dng gm cc Bn Tn ha bnh v phn n, nhng v bt kh phn vi bn thn v Thy. GIO L: Gio l kh din by ca Vajrayna su xa v thing ling; bn tnh tuyt i ca cc hin tng. THI GIAN: Ba giai on ca thi gian khng bin i. NHNG TRAO TRUYN BIU TNG CA CC TR MINH VNG S trao truyn biu tng ca cc tr minh vng (Rig Dzin brDa brGyud) l s trao truyn t mt v Thy h tr-tr tu chng ng v hon thin tr tu nguyn s ca tantra cho cc t B Tt m tm thc hon ton thun thc th

22

nhn gio l. V Thy tp trung tm ngi, tr tu tnh gic nguyn s, v n thun a ra biu th hay c ch tng trng (mudr, n) v tht ln nhng ch linh thing, nhng cu hay nhng bi ht tng (thn ch), v khi t lp tc thu hiu ngha vin mn ca tantra. Cch trao truyn ny cng c gi l trao truyn tnh gic ca cc B Tt. Nh th, cc tantra n th gii con ngi qua hai giai on trao truyn biu tng: 1. Trao truyn cho cc Tr minh vng Phi nhn. Vajradhara (Kim Cng Tr), v Thy Mt tha, t hin l nh cc B Tt trong ba loi hin th (Rigs gSum) Manjushr (Vn Th) tr tu, Avalokiteshvara (Qun Th m) bi mn v Vajrapn (Kim Cng Th) nng lc v trao truyn nhng tantra cho cc ci tri, ngi, rng, v d xoa bng s trao truyn biu tng. Trong Ci Tri Trayatrimsha (ao Li), Ci ca Ba mi ba v Tri, tri Zangkyong c nm trm con trai sinh ra t tm thc. Ngi ln tui nht, Knga Nyingpo, siu vit hn nhng ngi khc v tr tu v lng dng cm. ng thch sng mt mnh trong thin tht v thc hin nhng s tr tng kim cng. ng c gi l Adhichitta (Tng Thng Tm, Bc C Tm Phi thng). Trong cc gic m ng nhn thy bn loi du hiu:
Nhng tia sng phng chiu t ch Pht mi phng bao quanh ton th chng sinh v tan bin vo nh u ngi. Ngi nut Brahm (Phm Thin), Vishnu, v Maheshvara (i T Ti Thin). Ngi m mt tri v mt trng trong tay, v nhng tia sng tri rng khp th gii. Mt trn ma cam l xung t nhng m my c mu sc qu bu trong khng trung v sn sinh v vn cy ci v hoa tri.

Sng hm sau ngi thut li gic m cho Kaushika (Kiu Thi Ca) [Indra, Tri Thch], mt trong nhng bc th h ca cc v tri, v ny tn thn ngi trong nhng cu th sau:
K diu thay! y l lc gio thuyt ca tinh ty khng dng cng s xut hin. Ngi l hin l ca ch Pht v B Tt trong ba thi. Ngi l o s thp a v nh sng tuyt vi ca th gii. Ngi l Php bo ca ci tri. Tuyt diu thay!

Sau Kaushika gii thch ngha ca cc gic m. Gic m th nht biu th rng Adhichitta t c s thu sut ca tt c ch Pht v tr thnh v nhip chnh ca cc Ngi. Gic m th hai biu th rng Adhichitta dit sch ma qun (nhng th lc tiu cc) v ba c: tham, sn, v si. Gic m th ba cho thy ngi xua tan bng ti trong tm cc t v tr thnh ngn Php ng. Gic m th t ch ra rng ngi lm an du nhng au kh do sc nng ca cc nhim bng cht cam l ca gio l Atiyoga t sinh v thnh tu t nhin kt qu khng cn dng cng ca Atiyoga. Sau tt c ch Pht t hi v khuyn thnh c Vajrasattva bng nhng cu k sau:

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Ngi l ng s hu phng tin thin xo y nng lc thn diu qu bu, Xin m toang cnh ca dn ti vic p ng tt c nhng g mt t c mun. Xin ban cho ngi y ca ci ca s khng dng cng [gio l Dzopa Chenpo].

Sau t tri tim ca Vajrasattva mt bnh xe nm ngc chi li xut hin, v ngi trao n cho Sattvavajra27 (Kim Cng Th), thc dc v ny bng nhng li k:
Con ng tr tu nguyn s bt nh, ngha b mt, V hnh, v cng (khng cn dng cng), gic ng t v thy, c gi l Trung o V i: Xin ch by con ng ny cho cc t.

Trong nhng vn k sau, Sattvavajra ha s ging dy:

Vajrasattva, Php gii v i. Khng phi l i tng ca s din t bng li; Ti tht kh trnh by. Nhng i vi nhng chng sinh khng chng ng, nh biu th ca ngn t, a h ti s chng ng, Ti s gii thot nhng ngi tu tp bng mi phng tin thch hp.

Sau Sattvavajra nhn ton b gio l Atiyoga t nm b Pht. Sattvavajra xut hin trc Devaputra Adhichitta trong cung in chin thng Ci Trayatrimsha (Ci Tri ao Li) ca cc v tri v ban cho Adhichitta ton b cc nhp mn qua s trao truyn biu tng. Ch trong khonh khc, ngi ban tt c nhng tantra v gio hun v qun nh (gia lc) cho Adhichitta l nhip chnh ca ngi. K ngi ni nhng li k sau:
Cu mong tinh ty ca gio l k diu, Sau khi c truyn b khp ba ci tri Nh nam t-tm yu hin l,

c truyn b trung tm ca lc a Jambu (Dim Ph , tri t). Sau , Adhichitta ging dy gio l Dzopa Chenpo (i Vin mn) v truyn b trong ci tri. 2. Trao truyn cc Tantra cho cc Tr minh vng Phi-nhn v Con Ngi. Theo cc Kinh in, hai mi tm nm sau khi c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni th tch, nm bc li lc (Dam Pai Rigs Chan Dra-Ma lNga) tc l tri Yashasv Varapla, rng Takshaka, d xoa Ulkmukha, la st Matyaupyika, v Licchavi Vimalakrti (ngi) xut hin t s thin nh ca h. Nh nng lc tin tri, h bit rng c Pht thnh tu i Nit bn. Nh nng lc thn diu, h t hi trn nh Ni Malaya trong x Lank. H ht hai mi ba bi ca thng thit, trong c nhng dng:
Than i, than i, than i! i S Rng ln Bao la! Nu nh sng ngn n ca o s tt i, Ai s xua tan bng ti ca th gian?

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c ch Pht khuyn thnh, B Tt Vajrapni (Kim Cng Th) xut hin trc h v ban gio l ca tha thing ling, tantra (Mt in), l gio l lng danh trong ba ci tri Akanishtha (Ti thng, Sc cu cnh thin), Tushita (u Sut), v Trayatrimsha (ao Li). D xoa Matyanpyika vit cc tantra trn nhng phin vng bng mc ma-lacht v ct du chng trong khng trung. Ni Malaya, ni Vajrapni tit l cc tantra cho nm bc li lc, c i Thnh tu gi Kathok Getse nhn ra l nh Adam (hay Shrpda) Sri Lanka, v Kyabje Dudjom Rinpoche28 ng vi iu . S TRUYN KHU CA CC NH KH HNH S truyn khu ca cc nh kh hnh (rNal Byor sNyan brGyud) l mt s trao truyn khng phi do cc thn thnh hay ch Pht, m qua mt con ngi trong thn tng bnh thng. Tuy nhin, iu ny ch yu ni n s xut hin ca cc ngi i vi cc t hn l bn tnh thc s ca nhng ngi trao truyn, trong c ch Pht v B Tt chng hn nh Prahevajra (dGa Rab rDo rJe) v Guru Rinpoche. Trong Knzang Lame Zhalung (Li Vng ca Thy ti),29 Paltrul Rinpoche nh danh s ni tip t Vua Ja v Prahevajra xung ti Guru Rinpoche v Vimalamitra,v.v.. l s trao truyn biu tng. S phn chia ny ch yu c to lp trn nn tng ca tnh cht thc s ca nhng trao truyn ny. Nhng trong bn tng thut hin ti th nhng phn chia c lp trn nn tng ca truyn thng Nyingma ni chung. Chnh c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni ban nhng gio l Mt tha bng cch hin l nh nhng Bn Tn khc nhau ca tantra. Nhiu bc lo thng cng mang v cc tantra ca nhng tha ngoi t nhng x s khc nhau v thc hnh chng ht sc b mt. Nhng nhng tantra ni ca Nyingma, l nhng gio l m cc bc lo thng v i nhn lnh t ch Pht trong cc linh kin thanh tnh v c gi gn tuyt i b mt n , ti Ty Tng, chng pht trin v tr thnh nhng gio l thing ling nht ca Nyingma. Cc tantra ni c ba loi: Mahyoga, Anuyoga, v Atiyoga.

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Nhng Dng Truyn tha ca Ba Tantra Ni Chnh yu ca Nyingma

MAHYOGA30
Trong tt c cc tantra ni, nhng ngi c khai tm thc hnh c hai giai on hay s hp nht ca hai giai on, l giai on pht trin v giai on ton thin (thnh tu). Nhng i khi ba tantra ni cng c m t l thuc v giai on pht trin, giai on ton thin, v i vin mn. Tuy nhin, c nhng d bit trong vic nhn mnh vo ci thy (kin) v thin nh v s nhanh chng ca kt qu. Trong Mahyoga,31 nhng ngi c khai tm ch yu ch trng ti giai on pht trin, s qun tng mn la Bn Tn. Nh qun tng cc s hin hu c tnh cht hin tng nh cc Bn Tn v cc ci tnh , thn th, cc yu t (cc i), v nng lc ca cc ngi, h tnh ha nm nng lc (hay kh) ca nm yu t v chuyn ha cc hin tng m lm thnh Ci Pht. Kt qu l h t c tr tu ca i lc, quang minh, v thot khi cc nim. H t c gii thot cho bn thn h ngay trong i ny v c th p ng nhng nhu cu ca chng sinh. Trong Mahayoga c hai phm tr gio l: tantra v sdhana. TANTRA Nh c Pht tin tri, nh nng lc gia h ca cc lun thuyt Kim Cng tha ca Vajrapni (Kim Cng Th) cho nm bc li lc, Vua Ja, Vykaranavajra, ngi ang thc hnh cc tantra ngoi, c by gic m. Sau , nhiu bn vn mt tha c vit bng mc khong cht ma-la-cht trn giy vng v mt hnh tng ca Vajrapni cao 0,6m v c lm bng nhng vin ngc qu t khng trung h xung mi cung in ca Vua. Nh vua thc hin nhng l cng dng v cu nguyn cc i tng thing ling. iu ny nh thc nghip ca Vua l kinh nghim trc y v tantra, v nh vua thu hiu ngha ca chng c ta l Dorje Sempa Zhalthong (Nhn ra Khun Mt ca Vajrasattva). S dng chng ny v hnh tng ca Vajrapni, Vua thc hnh trong su thng. Nh vua nhn thy mt linh kin thanh tnh v Vajrasattva v nhn t ngi mt gio hun tin tri, ph hp vi tin tri ny Vua thc hin s tnh ha thn xc nh giai on pht trin. Vua Ja nhn thy Vajrapni, nhn cc gio l v nhng gia h, v thu sut tt c nhng bn vn Mt tha nhn. Sau Vajrapni ban cho nh vua qun nh ngha tuyt i ca cc gio l, v Vajrapni khuyn Vua nhn nhng gio l truyn khu t Licchavi Vimalakrti. Sau nh vua ti gp Vimalakrti v nhn mi tm tantra32 Mahyoga, v Vua Ja truyn nhng gio l ny cho i thnh tu gi Kukkurja. Vua Ja c cc s gia nhn dng theo nhng cch khc bit. Mt s v ni Vua Ja v Vua Indrabhti v i l mt ngi, v mt s th ni vua Ja l con trai ca Vua Indrabhti. Nhng ngi khc ni Vua l ngi th hai trong ba Indrabhti,

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mt nhn nh m Dudjom Rinpoche ni trong tc phm Lch s Trng phi Nyingma ca Pht gio Ty Tng ca ngi c l l nhn nh ng n nht. SDHANA Phm tr sdhana cng c hai phn: kama, Kinh in, v terma, nhng kho tng n du c khm ph. Kama, Cc Sdhana Kinh in Nm kama (bKa Ma), cc sdhana Kinh in, l nhng sdhana ca thn, ng, tm, c hnh, v hnh ng. Chng c khm ph bi nm o s v i, l nhng bc t c nhng thnh tu nh thc hnh cc gio l ny. Sdhana thn, Jampal Trow Sang-gy, v nhng tantra khc ca c Vn Th Phn n (Yamntaka) thuc Pht b T L Gi Na, c o s Manjushrmitra nhn lnh. Tantra ng, Hayagrvall, v nhng tantra Hayagrva khc thuc Pht b A Di c Ngrjuna nhn lnh. Tantra tm, Herukakalpo, v nhng tantra Vajraheruka khc (Shrheruka hay Yang Dag) ca Pht b Bt ng c o s Hmkara nhn lnh. Tantra c hnh, Vajrmrita ca Pht b Bo Sanh, c Vimalamitra nhn lnh. Tantra hnh ng, Vajrakla ca Pht b Bt Khng Thnh Tu c o s Prabhhasti nhn lnh. Guru Rinpoche nhn tt c cc tantra t cc o s 33 v t c nhng thnh tu, c bit l Vajraheruka v Vajrakla, v a cc gio l v Ty Tng. Terma, cc Sdhana ca Nhng Kho tng n du Phm tr terma (gTer Ma) ca nhm sdhana thuc cc tantra Mahyoga c khi u nh sau:34
NI CHN: Trong ci tnh v song. O S: c Samatabhadra (Ph Hin) hin l trong thn tng an bnh l Vajrasattva v trong thn tng phn n l Mahottaraheruka. CC T: S t-tnh gic ca ngi xut hin nh hi chng cc t. THI GIAN: Trng thi bnh ng v thy hoc v chung. GIO L: Cc tantra ni chung ca Kim Cng tha c ging dy bi m thanh-kim cng t nhin ca Php tnh.

Guhyapati Vajradharma bin son nm tantra tng qut, mi tantra c bit, v nhiu tantra nhnh v sp xp chng trong hnh thc nhng vn bn.35 Ngi ph chc cc gio l ny cho dkin Mahkarmendrni (Las Kyi dBang Mo Che). B t chng trong nhng chic hp v ct du ti chaitya (in th, bo thp) Shankarakta (bDe Byed brTsegs Pa) trong m a Shtavana. V sau nh nng lc thu th, tm o s v i ca n bit r v vic ct du, v cc ngi t hi ti m a Shtavana. Dkin Mahkarmendrn xut hin v trao cho tm o s tm ci hp ng tm tantra c bit. Hp ng tantra Yamntaka c ph chc cho Manjushrmitra; hp ng tantra Hayagrva c 27

ph chc cho Ngrjuna; Shrheruk (Yang Dag) cho Hmkara; Mahottara (Che mChog) cho Vimalamitra; Vajrakla cho Prabhhasti, Mtarah (Ma Mo) cho Dhanasamskrita, Lokastotrapja (Jigs rTen mChod bsTod) cho Rambuguhya, v Vajramantrabhru (Drag sNgags) cho Shntigarbha. Mi o s thc hnh tantra c ch nh ca mnh v nh t c thnh tu. Chic hp ng Deshek Dpa c ph chc cho Guru Rinpoche. Guru Rinpoche cng nhn tt c cc tantra, sdhana, v gio hun t mi o s v t c nhng thnh tu ca tt c cc gio l . V sau, ngi trao truyn cc gio l ny cho chn t chnh yu ca ngi v hai mi lm t chnh Ty Tng. Di y l dng ca cc gio l kama v terma chnh yu ca Mahyoga t c Pht Nguyn thy xung ti Thy ti:36
1. Samantabhadra (Ph Hin), Php thn. 2. Vajrasattva (Kim Cng Tt a), Bo thn. 3. Cc B Tt thuc ba b, Ha thn. 4. Licchavi Vimalakrti cng vi bn bc li lc khc. 5. Vua Ja, Vykaranavajra (hay Indrabhti Gia). 6. Kikkurja, cng vi hi chng mt trm ngn t. 7. Shakraputra, Indrabhti tr vi hi chng mi ngn t. 8. Simharja vi hi chng mt ngn t. 9. Uparja vi mt hi chng nm trm t. 10. Cng cha Gomadev vi hi chng mt trm t. 11. Kikkurja. 12. Llvajra, Vetlasukhasiddhi, Rishi Bhshita, v Ngrjuna. 13. Llvajra trao truyn gio l cho Buddhaguhya; Sukhasiddhi truyn cho Vajrahsya v Hmkara. 14. Llvajra v Buddhguhya truyn cho Vimalamitra, v Buddhaguhya cng truyn cho Guru Rinpoche. Rishi Bhshita v Vajrahsya truyn cho Prabhhasti. Vajrahsya cng truyn cho Shrsimha, v Prabhhasti truyn cho Guru Rinpoche. Guru Rinpoche cng nhn gio l Mahyoga t chnh Vua Ja.

Ty Tng:
15. Ma Rinchen Chok v Nyak Jnnakumra nhn s trao truyn t Vimalamitra. Nyak cng nhn s trao truyn t Guru Rinpoche. 16. Ma truyn cho Tsuk-ru Rinchen Zhnu v Kyere Chokyong. Nyak truyn cho Sokpo Palkyi Yeshe; Ma v Nyak truyn cho Khu Changchup . 17. Khu, Tsuk-ru, v Kyere trao truyn cho Zhang Gyalwe Ynten. 18. Sokpo v Zhang trao truyn cho Nupchen Sangye Yeshe. Nupchen tr thnh v h tr ca tt c nhng dng truyn tha chnh ca gio l Mahyoga. 19. Nupchen truyn cho Nup Ynten Gyatso v So Yeshe Wangchuk. 20. C hai v trn truyn cho Nyang Sherap Chok. 21. Nyang Sherap Jungne v Yeshe Jungne. 22. Yeshe truyn cho Zurpoche Shkya Jungne v i. 23. Zurchung Sherap Trakpa (1014-1074). 24. Bn v Thukse Kawa (bn t chnh ca Zurchung). 25. Zur Shkya Senge (cn c gi l Dro-phukpa Chenpo, 1074-?).

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26. Tsaktsa Shakdor. 27. Tsak Shkya Jungne. 28. Lantn Dorje . 29. Lan Snam Gyaltsen. 30. Palden Chkyi Senge. 31. Lan Sangye Pal. 32. Lan Snam Gnpo. 33. Drlchen Samdrup Dorje (1295-1376). 34. Zur Gendn Bum. 35. Zur Shkya She-nyen. 36. Trao Chbum. 37. Knchok Zangpo. 38. Lama Dorje Zangpo. 39. Trlzhik Dorje Namgyal. 40. Chatang Matishr. 41. Karmaguru. 42. Knzang Paljor. 43. Rigdzin Thrinle Lhndrup (1611-1662). 44. Lochen Chgyal Tendzin. 45. Minling Terchen Gyurme Dorje (1646-1714). 46. Minling Gyalse Rinchen Namgyal. 47. Minling Drubwang Shrnatha. 48. Knkhyen Jigme Lingpa (1730-1798). 49. Dodrupchen Jigme Thrinle zer Nht (1745-1821). 50. Dola Jigme Kalzang (hay Chkyi Lodr). 51. Dzogchen Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye (1800-?). 52. Dzogchen Khenpo Pema Vajra (cn c gi l Damcho zer). 53. Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892).

Hoc sau Minling Terchen:

46. Minling Lochen Dharmashr. 47. Minling Jetsn Mingyur Paldrn. 48. Minling Gyalse Rinchen Namgyal. 49. Minling Pema Tendzin. 50. Minling Thrinle Namgyal. 51. Minling Jetsn Thrinle Chdrn. 52. Minling Trichen Sangye Knga. 53. Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo.

Dng kama sau Khyentse Wangpo:

54. Kathok Situ Chkyi Gyatso (1880-1925). 55. Jamyang Khyentse Chkyi Lodr (1893-1959). 56. Dodrupchen Thupten Thrinle Palzangpo T (sinh nm 1927).

Dng terma sau Khyentse Wangpo:

54. Zhechen Gyaltsap Gyurme Pema Namgyal Tam (1871-1926). 55. Zhechen Kongtrl Pema Tri-me Lodr (1901-1960?).

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56. Dodrupchen Thupten Thrinle Palzangpo T (sinh nm 1927).

Hoc:
54. Kongtrl Ynten Gyatso (1813-1899) ca Tu vin Palpung. 55. Dzogchen Rinpoche Thupten Chkyi Dorje Ng (1872-1935). 56. Gyarong Namtrl Drodl Karkyi Dorje. 57. Dodrupchen Thupten Thrinle Palzangpo T (sinh nm 1927).

ANUYOGA
Trong Anuyoga,37 ton th th gii c nhn nh Pht trong chn tnh ca n, Php gii ti thng, nhng khng ch trng nhiu ti giai on pht trin. Anuyoga tp trung vo nhng giai on ton thin trong vic pht trin tr tu i lc, s quang minh, v thot khi nhng nim nh tu tp cc kinh mch, nng lc (kh), v tinh ty ca thn kim cng ca ta. Sau khi chun b thn th ta nh mt phng tin thin xo, i lc ca bn nim vui (dGa Ba bZhi) cng c pht trin vi s h tr ca mn la ca mudr (th n). Kt qu l hnh gi s t c gic ng.38 Trong thc t Vua Ja nghin cu ngha ca ton b tantra t Vajrapni (Kim Cng Th). Nhng t Licchavi Vimalakrti ngi th nhn nhng tantra ca Anu, l nhng gio l c Vajrapni tit l cho nm bc li lc v sau ny c Rkshasa Matyaupyika ghi li. DNG TRUYN THA ANUYOGA TANTRA39
Samantabhadra (Ph Hin), Php thn. Nm b Pht, Bo thn. Ba b B Tt, Ha thn. Licchavi Vimalakrti, o s u tin trong loi ngi. Vua Ja, Vykaranavajra (cn c gi l Indrabhti Gia). Uparja v ba nam t ca Vua Ja l Shakraputra, Ngaputra, v Guhyaputra. Shakraputra cng c gi l Indrabhti Tr v Kambalapda (Lva Ba Pa, Ngi o Rch). 7. Kukkurja sau ny nhn cc gio l ny t Indrabhti tr. 8. Vetlasukha, Zombie (Xc cht sng li) i lc. 9. Vajrahsya. 10. Prabhhasti (cn c gi l Shkyaprabha). 11. Shkya Senge. 12. Dhanarakshita. 13. o s Hmkara. 14. Sukhoddyotaka (bDe Ba gSal Byed). 15. Dharmabodhi Magadha, Dharmarjapla Tu vin Nland, Vua Vasudhara x Nepal, v Tusklak Palge. 16. Chetsen Kye ca x Trusha (Bru Sha, Gilgit?) nhn cc tantra v gio l t bn v Thy trc. 17. Nupchen Sangye Yeshe x Ty Tng nhn gio l t Dharmabodhi v Vasudhara, v c bit t Chetsen Kye. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

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S trao truyn trc h cc tantra ca Anuyoga, sau Nupchen Sangye Yeshe, th hu nh ging ht trao truyn trc h ca Mahyoga.

ATIYOGA (Dzopa Chenpo)

Atiyoga40 nhn mnh s chng ng v vin mn tr tu nguyn s trong tro hin din t nhin, bn tnh ti thng ca tm ta v ca th gii, khng b tri buc bi bt k nim, thin kin, chiu kch, v nhng phn loi l a hay th. Kt qu l khng ch c tm ca hnh gi hp nht vi Pht qu, bn tnh ti thng, m ngay c thn ca hnh gi cng tan bin thnh thn nh sng tr tu. Gio l Dzopa Chenpo trong 6.400.000 cu k, tt nh ca cc tha, c c Vajrasattva tit l cho Prahevajra, o s Dzopa Chenpo u tin trong loi ngi. Prahevajra bin son nhng cu k ny thnh vn bn v ph bin chng. DNG TRUYN THA ATI YOGA
1. Samantabhadra (Ph Hin), Php thn. 2. Vajrasattva (Kim Cng Tt a), Bo thn. 3. Prahevajra (Garab Dorje, Kim Cng H), Ha thn, o s u tin trong loi ngi. 4. Manjushrmitra. Ngi phn chia 6.400.000 cu k ca Dzopa Chenpo thnh ba phm tr: Semde, Longde, v Me-ngagde. Ngi chia Mengagde thnh nhng tantra khu truyn (sNan rGyud) v nhng tantra c tnh cch gii thch (bShad rGyud). 5. Shrsimha. Ngi chia Me-ngagde thnh bn gio kha: gio kha ni, ngoi, b mt v b mt thm su. 6. Jnnastra v Guru Rinpoche. Vairochana nhn gio l Semde v Longde ca Dzogpa Chenpo t Shrsimha. 7. Jnnastra truyn cho Vimalamitra. Vimalamitra cng trc tip nhn s trao truyn t Shrsimha v t Garab Dorje trong linh kin thanh tnh.

Semde v Longde ch yu c a vo Ty Tng nh Vairochana v Vimalamitra, v Me-ngagde c a vo Ty Tng ch yu l nh Vimalamitra v Guru Rinpoche. SEMDE Semde, gio kha v tm,41 ging dy rng mi s xut hin l tm, tm l tnh Khng, tnh Khng l gic tnh ni ti, tnh Khng v gic tnh ni ti th hp nht. ging dy rng nhng s xut hin l tm, Semde phn loi nhng s xut hin (cc hnh tng) nh ba c tnh ca tm: nng lc (rTsal), s ph din (Rol Ba), v cc thuc tnh (rGyan). Nng lc ca tm l phng din ca s n thun nhn thy hay tnh gic v cc s vic, l iu m i vi nhng ngi bnh thng tr thnh nn tng m lm thnh ra samsra (lun hi sinh t). S ph din ca tm l s xut hin ca thc-tm-b- nhim v nhng tm thc khc. Cc thuc tnh l s ph din ca nhng s hin hu c tnh cht hin tng,

31

ni non, nh ca, thn th, v v.v.. S ph din v nhng thuc tnh u xut hin t hoc bi nng lc ca tm. Khi nhn ra rng cc hin hu c tnh cht hin tng ch n thun l s ph din ca tm ta, cc thin gi Semde ti c ch khng cn vng kt vo nhng g h phi thot khi, nhng h vn cha thot khi vic bm chp vo phng tin ca s t do , l s tnh gic v quang minh ca tm. S tnh gic c trnh by trong Semde l mt phng din ca s quang minh v tnh gic ca tm, nhng n khng phi l gic tnh ni ti su xa v vin mn mt cch t nhin ca Me-ngagde.42 LONGDE Longde, gio kha v Php gii ti thng,43 dy rng phng din tnh gic v quang minh ca tm l tnh Khng. Cc thin gi Longde vn cn gi cht t bm chp vo tnh Khng. V th h khng b tri buc trong nhng iu m h thot khi ln nhng phng tin nh h t c s t do, nhng vn khng vt ln vic m gi tnh Khng; v th Longde khng dn ta ti tr tu nguyn s trn tri, l ci siu vit tm thc.44 S TRAO TRUYN TRC H CA SEMDE V LONGDE
Samantabhadra (Ph Hin), Php thn. Vajrasattva (Kim Cng Tt a), Bo thn. Prahevajra (Garab Dorje, Kim Cng H), Ha thn. Manjushrmitra. Shrsimha. Vairochana. Nyak Jnnakumra, Pang-gen Mipham Gnpo, Yudra Nyingpo, Sangtn Yeshe Lama, v Liza Sherap Drnma. 8. Pang-gen trao truyn cho Ngenlam Changchup Gyaltsen. Nyak trao truyn cho Sokpo Palkyi Yeshe. 9. Ngenlam trao truyn cho Zatam Rinchen Yik v Sokpo truyn cho Nupchen Sangye Yeshe. 10. Zatam truyn cho Khugyur Salwe Chok. 11. Nyang Changchup Trak. 12. Nyang Sherap Jungne. 13. Ylmowa Bagom Yeshe Changchup. 14. Dzeng Dharmabodhi. 15. Dzengkar Chose v Kyetse Yeshe Wangchuk. 16. Kyetse truyn cho Zik Yeshe Wangpo. 17. Khenchen Ngurpa. 18. Tutn Vajreshvara. 19. Snam Gyaltsen. 20. Sherap Gyaltsen. 21. Zhnu Sherap. 22. Zhnu Trakpa. 23. Sangye Zangpo. 24. Tsndr Wangchuk. 25. Thazhi Trakpa Rinchen. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

32

26. Shkya Gyalpo. 27. Glo Zhnu Pal (1392-1481). 28. Chen-ngawa Chkyi Trakpa (1453-1525). 29. Sheltrakpa Chkyi Lodr. 30. Khyungtsangpa Lodr Palden. 31. Pangtn, Karmaguru. 32. Pangtn Chwang Lhndrup. 33. Chwang Knzang. 34. Pangtn, Knzang Chgyal. 35. Minling Terchen Gyurme Dorje (1646-1714). 36. Minling Lochen Dharmashr (1654-1717). 37. Minling Jetsn Mingyur Paldrn. 38. Minling Gyalse Rinchen Namgyal. 39. Minling Pema Tendzin. 40. Minling Thrinle Namgyal. 41. Minling Jetsn Thrinle Chdrn. 42. Minling Trichen Sangye Knga. 43. Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892). 44. Kathok Situ Chkyi Gyatso (1880-1925). 45. Dzongsar Khyentse Chkyi Lodr (1893-1959). 46. Dodrupchen Thupten Thrinle Palzangpo T (sinh nm 1927).

ME-NGAGDE Me-ngagde, gio kha v nhng gio hun ti thng,45 ging dy s chng ng chn tnh, nh n l, m khng ri vo nhng cc oan hay to tc iu g mi. Chn tnh l s hp nht ca ba nguyn l; tinh ty ca tnh Khng (s m trng), tnh cht quang minh, v lng bi (nng lc) ca mi hin din trm khp. Me-ngagde c bn gio kha gio l v tu tp: Ngoi, Ni, B mt, v B mt Thm su. Tt c nhng gio kha ny ging nhau im l nhng gio l v bn tnh thun tnh nguyn s (Ka Dag), l gio l c gi l ct t (Khregs Chod) mi s bm chp. Tuy nhin, gio kha B mt Thm su tp trung vo nhng tu tp vin mn t nhin ca cc s xut hin (Lhun Grub), l gio l c gi l tip cn trc tip (Thod rGal). Gio kha Ngoi ging dy tng tn bn tnh ca nn tng nguyn s. Gio kha Ni ging dy nhng cch gii thiu bn tnh vi nhng biu tng, ngha, v tm quan trng. Gio kha B mt ging dy bn phng php thin nh t nhin (Chog bZhag). Gio kha B mt Thm su ging dy tt c nhng ch sau: bn tnh nguyn s, s gii thch nhng biu tng, ngha, v tm quan trng i vi vic gii thiu chn tnh, s xut hin ca bn th kin v cc nh sng (sNang Ba bZhi) trong con ng, nhng s xut hin ca nh sng trong trng thi trung m, v s thnh tu gii thot trong php gii ti thng ca s vin mn t nhin. Trong khi c nhiu tantra v nhng bn vn hng dn ca Me-ngagde, mi chn gio l trong s ny to thnh nhng bn vn gc ca B mt Thm su ca Me-Ngagde.46 C nhiu gio l Nhnh hay Hng dn (Man Ngag). Cc gio l hng dn c ging r v c ng trong hai truyn thng Nyingthig chnh yu. Truyn thng

33

th nht l nhng gio l chi tit dnh cho/ca cc hc gi (rGya Che Ba Pandita), c Vimalamitra mang v Ty Tng v c gi l Vima Nyingthig. N ch yu c da trn Mi by tantra v tantra Troma. Truyn thng th hai l nhng gio l su xa dnh cho/ca cc hnh kht (Zab Pa Ku Sa La), do Guru Padmasambhava mang sang Ty Tng v c gi l Khandro Nyingthig. N ch yu c da trn tantra Longsal Barma. Ngoi cc tantra nguyn thy ca Nyingthig, cc gio l B mt Thm su ca Me-ngagde c dch sang ting Ty Tng, nhiu gio l Nyingthig khc c mang v Ty Tng ch yu l nh Vimalamitra v Guru Rinpoche (v c Vairochana). Mt s gio l c trao truyn trong nhng linh kin thanh tnh cho nhng o s thnh tu v i bi nhng thnh tu gi sng trc nhiu th k. Mt s do cc o s khm ph trong trng thi chng ng tr tu nguyn s ca cc ngi. Mt s c cc o s khm ph nh cc terma,47 l nhng gio l m cc ngi c cc o s gic ng trao truyn trong nhng i trc v c nh thc trong i ny nhng ngi khc pht l. Cc gio l gm c Vima Nyingthig, Khandro Nyingthig, Chetsn Nyingthig, Gongpa Zangthal, Katak Rangjung Rangshar, Gongpa Yongd, Yangti Nakpo, Ati Zaptn Nyingpo, Karma Nyingthig, Longchen Nyingthig, sal Nyingthig, Dorsem Nyingthig, v Tsogyal Nyingthig. Trong tt c cc gio l c bn gio l tri vt i vi vic nghin cu v thc hnh Nyingthig. Cc gio l ny c gi l hai gio l m v hai gio l con. Hai gio l Nyingthig m l gio l c gi l Vima Nyingthig do Vimalamitra mang v Ty Tng v gio l Khandro Nyingthig do Guru Rinpoche mang v. Hai gio l con l nhng pht hin ca Longchen Rabjam lin quan ti hai gio l m. l Lama Yangtig v Vima Nyingthig, v Khandro Yangtig v Khandro Nyingthig, cng nh Zabmo Yangtig v c hai gio l Nyingthig m. Tuy nhin, trong hn hai th k qua, Longchen Nyingthig, l gio l bao gm tinh ty ca tt c nhng gio l Nyingthig lc ban u, tr thnh nhng gio l ph thng v mnh m nht v Nyingthig nghin cu v thc hnh Ty Tng. V th, trong quyn sch ny, nh chnh yu ca ti l trnh by mt tp hp ngn gn nhng hm xc v tiu s ca nhng o s dng Longchen Nyingthig. Nhng trc l danh tnh ca cc o s dng truyn tha Vima Nyingthig v Khandro Nyingthig. Dng cc o s ca nhng trao truyn ny c ngun gc t c Pht nguyn thy xung ti vng min cao qu ca ti, Dodrupchen Rinpoche hin ti. TRAO TRUYN TRC H CA Vima Nyingthig48
1. Samantabhadra (Ph Hin), Php thn. 2. Vajrasattva (Kim Cng Tt a), Bo thn. 3. Prahevajra (Garab Dorje, Kim Cng H), Ha thn, o s Dzopa Chenpo u tin trong loi ngi. 4. Manjushrmitra. 5. Shrsimha Trung quc. 6. Jnnastra. 7. Vimalamitra, ngi a dng truyn tha t n sang Ty Tng. Ngi trao truyn ba gio kha u tin ca gio l Me-ngagde vi nhng bn vn

34

cho Nyang v bn ngi khc Ty Tng. Ngi trao truyn gio kha B mt Thm su cho nh Vua, Thi t Mu-ne Tsepo, Kawa Paltsek, Chok-ro Li Gyaltsen, v Nyang, nhng ct du cc bn vn Kekung ti Samye Chimphu. 8. Nyang Tingdzin Zangpo (th k th 9), ngi ct du cha Zhai trong Thung lng Drikung nhng bn vn ca ngi thuc ba gio kha u tin v s khu truyn. Ngi trao truyn nhng gio l khu truyn cho Dro Rinchen Bar. 9. Dro Rinchen Bar. 10. Be Lodr Wangchuk. 11. Neten Dangma Lhngyal (th k 11) khm ph cc bn vn do Nyang ct du ti cha Zhai. 12. Chetsn Senge Wangchuk (th k 11-12), khm ph cc bn vn do Vimalamitra ct du ti Kekung Samye Chimphu. 13. Zhangtn Tashi Dorje (1097-1167). 14. Se Nyima Bum (1158-1213). 15. Guru Chober (1196-1255). 16. Trlzhik Senge Gyapa (th k 13). 17. Drupchen Melong Dorje (1243-1303). 18. Rigdzin Kumrdza (1266-1343). 19. Knkhyen Longchen Rabjam (1308-1363). Ngi tr thnh o s quan trng nht ca truyn thng Nyingma. S trao truyn ca Khandro v Vima Nyingthig vo ngi, v sau ngi ph bin c hai truyn thng bng cch khm ph Lama Yangthig v Vima Nyingthig ca ngi, Khandro Yangtig v Khandro Nyingthig, v Zabmo Yangtig v c hai Nyinghthig, v bng cch kt hp chng li vi nhau thnh Nyingthig Yabzhi, bn quyn sch v Nyingthig. 20. Khedrup Khyapdal Lhndrup (th k 14). 21. Tlku Trakpa zer. 22. Trlzhik Senge npo (th k 14). 23. Gyalse Dawa Trakpa. 24. Drupchen Knzang Dorje. 25. Knga Gyaltsen Palzang (1497- 1568). 26. Tlku Natsok Rangtrl (1494-1560). 27. Sungtrl Tendzin Trakpa (1536-1597). 28. Tlku Do-ngak Tendzin (1576-1628). 29. Rigdzin Thrinle Lhndrup (1611-1662). 30. Minling Terchen Gyurme Dorje (1646-1714). 31. Minling Gyalse Rinchen Namgyal. 32. Minling Khenchen Ogyen Tendzin Dorje. 33. Dzogchen Rinpoche Mingyur Namkhe Dorje T (1793-?). 34. Gyarong Namtrl Knzang Thekchok Dorje. 35. Dodrupchen Jigme Tenpe Nyima Tam (1865-1926). 36. Gekong Khenpo Knzang Palden. 37. Dodrupchen Thupten Thrinle Palzangpo T (sinh 1927).

Hoc:
32. U Chrap? 33. Minling Drubwang Shrnatha 34. Rigdzin Jigme Lingpa (1730-1798).

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35. Dodrupchen Jigme Thrinle zer Nht (1745-1821). 36. Dzogchen Rinpoche Mingyur Namkhe Dorje T v Dola Jigme Kalzang. 37. T c hai Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye (1800?). 38. Khenchen Pema Dorje ca Tu vin Dzogchen. 39. Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892). 40. Dodrupchen Jigme Tenpe Nyima Tam (1865-1926). 41. Gekong Khenpo Knzang Palden (1872-1943). 42. Dodrupchen Thupten Thrinle Palzangpo T (sinh 1927).

S TRAO TRUYN TRC H CA Khandro Nyingthig49

Samantabhadra (Ph Hin), Php thn. Vajrasattva (Kim Cng Tt a), Bo thn. Prahevajra (Garab Dorje, Kim Cng H), Ha thn. Shrsimha. Guru Rinpoche (Padmasambhava, Lin Hoa Sanh), ngi mang gio l ti Ty Tng. 6a. Khandro Yeshe Tsogyal, Chgyal Trisong Detsen, v Lhacham Pemasal. Yeshe Tsogyal gip Guru Rinpoche ct du gio l Khandro Nyingthig nh mt terma. 6b. Pema Ledreltsal (1291-1319?). ti sinh ca Lhacham Pemasal v l ngi khm ph gio l Khandro Nyingthig nh mt terma. 7. Gyalse Lekpa (1290-1366/7). 8. Longchen Rabjam (1308-1363). 9. Yeshe Rabjam. 10. Khedrup Samten. 11. Jinpa Zangpo. 12. Snam Rinchen. 13. Ngawang Pema. 14. Snam Wangpo. 15. Rigdzin Chkyi Gyatso. 16. Dzogchen Rinpoche Pema Rigdzin Nht (1625-1697). 17. Namkha sal. 18. Dzogchen Gyurme Thekchok Tendzin Nh (1699-?). 19. Nyila Pema Tendzin. 20. Tendzin Dargye. 21. Dzogchen Rinpoche Mingyur Namkhe Dorje T (1793-?) 22. Dzogchen Gyarong Namtrl Knzang Thekchok Dorje Nh. 23. Dodrupchen Jigme Tenpe Nyima Tam (1865-1926). 24. Gekong Khenpo Knzang Palden. 25. Dodrupchen Thupten Thrinle Palzang T (sinh 1927). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Hoc:
13. Zablung Tlku. 14. Snam Rinchen. 15. Karmaguru. 16. Knzang Paljor. 17. Tlku Do-ngak Tendzin (1576-1628). 18. Rigdzin Thrinle Lhndrup (1611-1662).

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19. Minling Terchen Gyurme Dorje (1646-1714). 20. Minling Gyalse Rinchen Namgyal. 21. Minling Drubwang Shrnatha. 22. Rigdzin Jigme Lingpa (1730-1798). 23. Dodrupchen Jigme Thrinle zer Nht (1745-1821). 24. Dola Jigme Kalzang. 25. Dzogchen Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye (1800?). 26. Dzogchen Khenpo Pema Dorje. 27. Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892). 28. Dodrupchen Jigme Tenpe Nyima Tam (1865-1926). 29. Gekong Khenpo Knzang Palden (1872-1943). 30. Dodrupchen Thupten Thrinle Palzang T (sinh 1927).

37

Quyn Hai Dng Truyn tha Longchen Nyingthig Longchen

Nyingthig l mt tuyn tp cc tantra v sdhana c Rigdzin Jigme Lingpa (1730-1798) khm ph nh gio l terma tm. Gio kha ny c gi l Longchen Nyingthig do bi ba l do chnh. Trc tin, l Nyingthig, nhng gio l ct ty thm su Me-ngagde, v c Jigme Lingpa khm ph nh nhng gia h ngi nhn c trong mt lot linh kin thun tnh v Longchen Rabjam (1308-1363). K l nhng gio l c ng mi gio l Nyingthig n qua Longchen Rabjam. Th ba, l nhng gio l v ch ca Longchen, s bao la v i hay phm vi su xa nht, v l Nyingthig, tm yu (hay ct ty thm su) ca tt c cc gio l. Jigme Lingpa vit: N l phm vi bao la v i v n l tm yu.50 Longchen Nyingthig ch yu tp trung vo Nyingthig, gio kha tinh ty thm su Me-ngagde. V d nh, giai on pht trin ca sdhana Rigdzin Dpa xut hin nh nng lc hin l (rTsal) ca gic tnh ni ti (Rig Pa), v n cng ha vo Php gii ti hu, s thun tnh nguyn s trong giai on ha tan (vin mn). Kyala Khenpo vit trong lun ging v Rigdzin Dpa ca ngi:
Trong nhng truyn thng Anuttaratantra khc, trc tin hnh gi lm thun thc tm mnh bng cch tu tp v giai on pht trin v sau i vo giai on ton thin. Nhng trong cc thin nh Mahyoga ca Longchen Nyingthig, sau khi c gii thiu gic tnh ni ti chi ngi (chn tnh ca tm ta) v nhn ra tnh bt kh phn ca gic tnh ni ti ca ta v tm gic ng ca Lt ma, thin gi thin nh trng thi chng ng v tu tp v nhng s xut hin [ca cc hnh tng] nh mn la ca cc Bn Tn [nng lc ca gic tnh ni ti, Rig Pa]. V th phng php c nht v nh ca Longchen Nyingthig l tu tp v giai on pht trin v giai on ton thin trong s hp nht. Bng cch s dng s hp nht tm ca ta v tm gic ng ca Lt ma, s chng ng tr tu c nh thc mt cch mnh m.51

Gio l Longchen Nyingthig Longchen Nyingthig bao gm mt t tantra v nhiu sdhana km theo nhng gio
hun, lun ging, v nhng bn vn b sung, trong hai (hay ba) quyn sch gc (rTsa Pod). Cc gio l ny c Jigma Lingpa khm ph nh mt terma tm. Ngoi hai quyn sch gc, gio kha bao gm Phurpa Gyluk v Vajrakla trong mt quyn sch, n c xc nhn l mt khm ph terma tm v l mt su tp cc tantra. Cc gio l Longchen Nyingthig chnh yu c phn loi thnh hai phm tr. Chng l cc tantra nguyn thy ca Nyingthig v cc sdhana v gio l Mt tha. Cc tantra Nyingthig nguyn thy l s tng tc ca bn tnh tuyt i (Php thn) xut hin nh cc gio l i vi bn thn Jigme Lingpa hay i vi nhng ha thn trc ca ngi v ngi nh thc cc gio l . Trong khi thc hnh n c trong ba nm ti Samye Chimphu, Jigme Lingpa nghin cu nhng 38

tc phm ca Longchen Rabjam v cu nguyn ht sc sng m, nhn thy ngi nh mt v Pht. Jigme Lingpa c ba linh kin thanh tnh v Longchen Rabjam v nhn nhng gia h ca thn, ng v tm ca ngi. Trong linh kin th ba, Longchen Rabjam ni ba ln: Cu mong nhng chng ng ngha c trao truyn cho con, v cu mong s trao truyn nhng ngn t c hon ton thnh tu. Ngay sau , Jigme Lingpa chng ng bn tnh ca i Vin mn thot khi s phn tch trong tm v nhn s trao truyn tuyt i (Don brGyud), v nhng tantra nguyn thy linh thing ca Nyingthig xut hin trong ngi. Nhng tantra nguyn thy ny xut hin trong ngi nh ct ty c hp nht ca c ba cch th trao truyn tc l s trao truyn tm, trao truyn bng s biu th, v khu truyn ca ba thn Pht v nhng o s ca tt c dng truyn tha Dzopa Chenpo, k c Guru Rinpoche, Vimalamitra, v Longchen Rabjam.52 Cc sdhana v gio l Mt tha Longchen Nyingthig l nhng gio l n t Jigme Lingpa qua Guru Rinpoche nh mt terma.53 Trong khi Guru Rinpoche ang ving thm Ty Tng, trn tng hai ngi cha chnh ca Tu vin Samye, ngi ban gio l Longchen Nyingthig cho Vua Trisong Detsen, Khandro Yeshe Tsogyal, v Vairochana. Sau ngi giao ph nhng gio l cho cc v ny bng phng tin ca dkin xut hin t nhin, tr tu, nguyn l n ca ba thn Pht. Ngi ban nhng qun nh tin tri bng cch ni rng nhng gio l ny s c Jigme Lingpa, mt ha thn (tlku) ca Vua Trisong Detsen, khm ph. Yeshe Tsogyal sp xp cc gio l thnh nhng ch biu tng ca k c khng b lng qun trn nhng cun giy vng c nm mu xut hin t nhin. Vi nhng qun nh c nguyn, cc ngi ct du nhng gio l trong chic hp kho tng tm yu chi li (hay kho tng tm) ca cc t. Cc ngi ph chc nhng gio l chn du cho cc dkin, cc tr tu Php gii ti thng (Php gii th tnh tr), gi gn cho ti ng lc nh thc cc gio l t trng thi ni ti chi li trong tm cc v khm ph terma. V th, nhiu th k sau , khi nhng qun nh tin tri ca Guru Rinpoche thun thc v nhng thun cnh bt u c kt qu, cc gio l Longchen Nyingthig c ct du c nh thc mt cch ph hp trong tm gic ng ca Jigme Lingpa nh mt terma tm. Jigme Lingpa l mt ha thn ca chnh Vimalamitra v Vua Trisong Detsen,54 l nhng v nhn lnh gio l Longchen Nyingthig t Guru Rinpoche v Vimalamitra. V th nhng gio l Nyingthig ca hai dng chnh cng chy trong Jigme Lingpa. Longchen Nyingthig l ct ty hay hin thn ca hai truyn thng Nyingthig, Vima Nyingthig v Khandro Nyingthig.55 Phm vi, ngn ng, ngha, s r rng, v nng lc ca Longchen Nyingthig lm cho hnh gi d lnh hi gio l v vic thc hnh c mnh m, khin cho trong nhng th k va qua vic nghin cu v thc hnh Longchen Nyingthig tr nn ph thng trong mt s ng o cc Nyingmapa (cc hnh gi phi Nyingma) Ty Tng. Nhng bn vn chnh ca Longchen Nyingthig l:56 CC TANTRA GC (RGYUD) CA Longchen Nyingthig57 1. Tantra gc (rTsa rGyud): Kntu Zangpo Yeshe Longki Gy (Kun Tu bZang Po Ye Shes Klong Gi rGyud) 2. Tantra n sau: Gy Chima (rGyud Phyi Ma)

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3. Cc gio l (Lung): Kntu Zangpo Gong-nyam (Kun Tu bZang Poi dGongs Nyams) 4. Cc gio hun (Me-ngag) a. Cc gio hun: Nesum Shenje v Neluk Dorje Tsigang (gNad gSum Shan Byed v gNas Lug rDo rJei Tshigs rKang) b. Cc lun ging ca chng: Yeshe Lama (Ye Shes Bla Ma) vi cc bn vn h tr ca n (rGyab Chos) CC SDHANA V GIO L MT THA CA Longchen Nyingthig58 1. Nhng v Tr minh vng nam a. Ha bnh: ngoi: La-me Naljor (Bla Mai rNal Byor) trong: Rigdzin Dpa (Rig Dzin Dus Pa) b mt: Dug-ngal Rangtrl (sDug bsNgal Rang Grol) b mt ti thng: Ladrup Thigle Gyachen (Bla sGrub Thig Lei rGya Chan) b. Phn n: xanh dng: Palchen Dpa (dPal Chen Dus Pa) : Takhyung Barwa (rTa Khyung Bar Ba) 2. N Tr minh vng a. Ha bnh: sdhana gc: Yumka Dechen Gyalmo (Yum Ka bDe Chen rGyal Mo) b. Phn n: sdhana b mt: Senge Dongchen (Seng Gei gDong Chan)

Dng truyn tha Cc o s ca Longchen Nyingthig

Dng truyn tha Longchen Nyingthig bt u vi c Pht nguyn thy, hay tinh ty Pht ti thng, v truyn xung ti cc o s ng thi nh mt dng trao truyn khng t on. Dng truyn tha ny bt u t ba thn Pht, Dharmakya (Php thn), Sambhogakya (Bo thn), v Nirmnakya (Ha thn), nguyn l ca Pht qu. Dharmakya l bn tnh ti thng khng hnh tng. Sambhogakya v Nirmnakya l nhng sc thn hin l ca c Pht. Ba thn Pht l sui ngun ti thng ca tt c cc gio l tuyt i, chng hn nh Longchen Nyingthig. T ba thn Pht, cc o s trong loi ngi nhn lnh cc gio l, nh trong trng hp ca i Vin mn th Prahevajra nhn lnh gio l ny. Prahevajra, o s u tin trong loi ngi, trao truyn cc gio l cho Manjushrmitra, v ny truyn cho Shrsimha. Ti lt Shrsimha truyn cho Jnnastra, Vimalamitra, Guru Rinpoche, v Vairochana. Vimalamitra cng nhn cc gio l ny t Jnnastra. Vimalamitra v Guru Rinpoche truyn cc gio l cho Vua Trisong Detsen v mt t ngi khc Ty Tng. Guru Rinpoche chn du nhiu gio l nh

40

terma. Ngi cng truyn Khandro Nyingthig cho Lhacham Pemasal, ha thn i trc ca Longchen Rabjam. Hu nh tm th k sau khi Guru Rinpoche chn du Longchen Nyingthig, tinh ty ca cc gio l Nyingthig, nh mt terma, Jigme Lingpa khm ph nhng gio l ny nh mt terma tm. Jigme Lingpa c th khm ph cc gio l bi ngi c nhng trao truyn v ph chc trong i trc v nhn nhng gia h ca Longchen Rabjam trong ba linh kin thanh tnh trong i hin ti ca ngi. Trong bi cu nguyn dng truyn tha Longchen Nyingthig, Jigme Lingpa cp ti dng truyn tha ca nhng o s sau y, qua Longchen Nyingthig c trao truyn v khm ph:59 T x s khng b vng bn bi kch thc v thin kin, Samantabhadra (Ph Hin), c Pht nguyn thy Php thn, Vajrasattva, nng lc hin l ca Bo thn, [xut hin] nh mt phn chiu trong nc, V Prahevajra trong nhng thuc tnh hon ton vin mn ca Ha thn, Con khn cu cc ngi. Xin ban [cho chng con] nhng qun nh gia h. Shrsimha,60 kho tng ca Php ti thng, Manjushrmitra, o s ca c xe chn tha, Jnnastra, v Vimalamitra, Con khn cu cc ngi. Xin ch cho con con ng dn ti gii thot. Padmasambhava, Php bo duy nht ca ci Dim ph , Cng vi c Vua, cc Thn dn, v ngi H tr,61 nhng con ci-tm yu siu vit ca cc ngi, Longchen [Rabjam], bc gii m i dng cc kho tng tm, Jigme Lingpa, bc c ph chc kho tng ti thng ca cc Dkin. Con khn cu cc ngi. Xin cho con t c kt qu v thnh tu gii thot.

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PHP THN
Dharmakya (Php thn), thn ti thng, to thnh nn tng ca mi phm hnh ca v Pht, v nn tng nng lc ca cc ngi hot ng. Bn tnh ca Php thn th thanh tnh t trng thi nguyn thy ca n v thun tnh khng b mi nhim ngu nhin. Siu vt t tng v s biu l bng ngn t, Php thn an tr khng b tri buc trong nhng tnh cht, ging nh khng gian. Khng di i khi trng thi Php thn, n p ng nhng nhu cu ca mi sinh loi nh s hin din t nhin ca hai sc thn. Trong nhng hnh tng ca phi Nyingma, Php thn c tng trng bng mt v Pht nam v n trn tri trong s hp nht, c mu thanh thin (xanh dng nht), c gi l Samantabhadra (Ph Hin). Samantabhadra biu th phng din chng ng Php thn, bn tnh ti thng ca mi phm tnh tt lnh v xu xa ca sinh t v nit bn. T nguyn thy, ngi chng ng tr tu nguyn s ca Php gii ti thng, thot khi s nim ha. Nh s chng ng ny ngi khng an tr trong nhng cc oan ca sinh t m cng khng an tr trong s an bnh ca nit bn. Ngi c gia lc bng s thu sut chn l ti thng, v s thu sut ny l tr tu nguyn s hon ton bnh ng (bnh ng tnh tr). N khng l s trng khng n thun do s tch dit to nn. Thay vo , i tng ca tr tu nguyn s phn bit (diu quan st tr) ca tt c ch Pht, l tinh ty ca tr tu nguyn s vi t, an tr nh ci tnh ca s quang minh ni ti, thn tr trung trong mt tnh bnh. S quang minh ni ti ca mi lin h gia tr tu nguyn s v i tng ca n c th c v nh cch mt ming pha l phng chiu mt quang ph nh sng, nhng trn thc t nhng tia sng th c hu trong ming pha l. Do bi nng lc thing ling ny, s quang minh ni ti, nm v Thy ca nm loi mn la Bo thn an tr, nh s c hu hin l, trong s ph din v i ca nhng hnh tng v tr tu bt kh phn. Php thn an tr khng c s bin i, phn bit, khc bit, trong nm cch th:

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NI CHN: php gii ti thng, ci tnh ca thn tr trung trong mt tnh bnh O S: Ph Hin, s t-tnh gic v i, tr tu nguyn s ca nht th-nh th CC T: Hi chng nh i dng cc tr tu nguyn s. THI GIAN: Thi gian bt bin, s nh th GIO L: Dzopa Chenpo (i Vin mn) ti thng, gio l ca thn, ng, v tm khng b to tc. Php thn, thanh tnh t nguyn thy, nht v, ging nh khng gian. N an tr vi ba loi tr tu nguyn s, siu vt s khi nim ha ca cc cc oan, thuyt thc th (vnh cu) v thuyt h v. Ba tr tu nguyn s l: 1. Tr tu nguyn s ca tinh ty ni ti, thun tnh t nguyn thy, siu vt nhng cc oan ca s khi nim ha v s biu l bng ngn t, ging nh pha l trong sut. 2. Tr tu nguyn s ca bn tnh thnh tu t nhin; n l s quang minh vi t, su xa, lm nn tng cho s xut hin ca nhng thuc tnh ca phng din biu l, v n khng hin hu nh mt cch th c th c tnh cht hin tng. 3. Tr tu nguyn s ca lng bi mn trm khp (nng lc); n an tr ging nh mt t khng gy chng ngi s sinh khi xy ra nh nng lc hin l ca tinh ty ni ti; nhng s tnh gic ny khng phn tch i tng ca n. Nu c bt k s th lu no th Php thn s thuc v hin tng v n s c nhng tnh cht, trong trng hp n s khng iu kin nh ci g c s an bnh v thot khi s khi nim ha nh ngha rt ro ca n. Nu khng c phng din vi t ca s quang minh su xa nh nn tng ca s xut hin th Php thn s ch n thun l mt s vng mt, ging nh mt khong trng. V th n l mt tr tu nguyn s ca s quang minh vi t, m trng, an tr nh nn tng ca s xut hin, siu vt hai cc oan ca thuyt thc th (vnh cu) v h v. Php thn s hu ba phm tnh v i: 1. Thun tnh v i (sPang Pa Chen Po): hai che chng thnh lnh v huyn ha vi nhng tp qun ca chng, l ci thc ra khng hin hu, hon ton c tnh ha. 2. S chng ng v i (rTogs Pa Chen Po): Nh tr tu nguyn s v i ca s bt nh, Php thn nhn tt c sinh t v nit bn m khng ri vo s phn bit. 3. Tm v i (Sems Chen Po): Do bi hai phm tnh trc, nhng hin l ca Php thn i vi s li lc ca tt c chng sinh th t nhin v thnh tu mt cch t nhin m khng c bt k khi nim no.

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BO THN
Dharmakya (Php thn) an tr trong trng thi ca s quang minh su xa v bn tnh tuyt i ca cc hin tng. Khng chnh sa bn tnh ca Php thn, Sambhogakya (Bo thn) t-xut hin, thn h lc, hin l t nhin. T tinh ty ca Php thn, phng din hin l ca tr tu nguyn s, v s thn Pht v ci tnh xut hin nh s t-tri gic, ging nh nhng tia sng nm mu xut hin t mt ming pha l nh nhng tia sng mt tri. Trong Bo thn, v Thy v cc t c hp nht trong phm vi ca cng mt s chng ng. V Thy khng ban gio l m ng hn, cc gio l c t xut hin trong trng thi ng nht. Cc Bo Thn xut hin t nhin nh s t-tri gic theo nm cch th: NI CHN: Ci tnh v song ca mng li tuyt p t-tri gic V THY: Nm b Pht, chng hn nh Vajrasattva (Akshobhya, Pht Bt ng), c t im ba mi hai tng tt v tm mi tng ph. CC T: V lng ch Pht nh i dng, xut hin nh s t-hin l ca tr tu nguyn s, khng g khc hn chnh l v Thy. GIO L: Ci thy chi ngi v i, khng th din t v thot khi nhng s khi nim ha ca biu th v ngn t. THI GIAN: S bt bin; chu k thi gian lun lun tip din C hai loi trao truyn trong Bo thn: 1. Trong ci tnh v song, cc gio l tantra c Samantabhadra (Ph Hin) ban cho ch Pht Bo Thn t-tri gic, chnh l c Ph Hin, trong khi v Thy v cc t an tr trong trng thi chng ng khng th phn bit. iu ny c gi l s trao truyn cng mt tm ca v Thy v t.62

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2. Nh s gia h ca v Thy, nhng t c tm thc khc bit vi tm ca Thy tr nn ng nht vi tm Thy. iu ny c gi l s trao truyn vic tr nn bt kh phn ca tm Thy v t.63 Nm tr tu nguyn s ca Bo thn l:64 1. Php gii th tnh tr (dharmadhtujnna): L s hp nht bt kh phn ca ba phng din: tnh Khng v i (s m trng), l nn tng ca s gii thot, thun tnh t nguyn thy; nn tng ca s t-quang minh, nh sng t nhin ca tr tu nguyn s; v Php gii ti hu ca tr tu tnh gic. 2. i vin cnh tr (darshajnna): Nhng hnh tng xut hin trong gic tnh trng khng-quang minh theo cch th khng b chng ngi, ging nh s xut hin ca nhng phn chiu trong mt tm gng. Tr tu nguyn s ny l phng din ca nn tng i vi s xut hin ca hai sc thn, Bo thn v Ha thn. p li nhng t c th nhn thy v tu tp, hai sc thn ca c Pht v ba tr tu nguyn s sau y xut hin t nhin nh mt phn chiu. 3. Bnh ng tnh tr (samantjnna): l tr tu bnh ng v i gii thot t nguyn s, trong mi s xut hin ca cc sc thn ca c Pht xut hin ph hp vi tri gic ca cc t, khng ri vo hay gi bt k cc oan no. 4. Diu quan st tr (pratyavekshanajnna): l tr tu nguyn s ng thi nhn thy r rng mi hin tng c th nhn thc c khng cht sai lm. 5. Thnh s tc tr (kritynushthnajnna): l tr tu nguyn s thnh tu nhng mc ch ca ring ta trong trng thi ca gic tnh ni ti, v phng s t nhin mi nhu cu ca chng sinh m khng cn n lc, ging nh mt vin ngc nh . Php gii th tnh tr nhn mi s nh chng l, chn l tuyt i; v bn tr tu nguyn s kia nhn thy cch thc mi s xut hin, chn l tng i.

45

HA THN
Trong khi Php thn an tr m khng di chuyn khi s nht nh v i ca sinh t v Nit bn, sc thn ca c Pht, nhng hin l lng bi mn khng cn dng cng, xut hin trong nhng ph din mun hnh vn trng khng ngi ngh, nh s ph din ca nhng xut hin thn diu. Ngy no sinh t cn hin hu th Nirmnakya (Ha thn), thn hin l, s cn xut hin p ng nhng nhu cu ca nhng chng sinh bnh thng. l bi khi mt trng c phn chiu trong nhng thng nc, th c bao nhiu thng nc l c by nhiu mt trng to ra nh phn chiu ca n. Ha thn c th c phn thnh ba loi: 1. Ha thn t nhin (Rang bZhin sPrul sKu): i vi cc t c tri gic thanh tnh, v nhng bc t c cp no trong mi cp (thp a), hin l Bo thn v i xut hin nh tnh v song v nhng ci tnh ca Nm B Pht, chng hn nh Vajrasattva, v ca Ba B Pht, chng hn nh Vajrapni (Kim Cng Th), ging nh s phn chiu trong mt tm gng. y tm ca cc t khng ng nht vi tm ca v Thy, c Pht, nhng trong thc t nhng ci tnh ny l nhng ci tnh Bo thn, v th chng c gi l nhng ci tnh na-Bo thn v na-Ha thn. 2. Nhng bc Ha thn iu phc chng sinh (Gro Dul sPrul sKu): y l hin l ca Ha thn tuyt ho, c ba mi hai tng tt v tm mi tng ph. Cc ngi xut hin trong mi mt ci trong su ci ca v s h thng th gii. Bng mi hai cng hnh v nhng phng php thin xo cc ngi phng s cc nhu cu v s gii thot ca tt c chng sinh. Ha thn tuyt ho ca ci ngi trong h thng th gii ca chng ta trong thi hin ti l c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni. Mi hai cng hnh ca c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni l (1) h th t ci tri Tushita (u sut), (2) vo thai tng ca thn mu, (3) n sinh, (4) hc cc ngh thut, (5) lp gia nh, (6) t b i sng gia ch th tc, (7) thc hnh kh hnh,

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(8) du hnh ti Ci B , (9) chin thng ma qun, (10) t c Pht qu; v (12) nhp nit bn. 3. Ha thn ca nhng Thn tng Khc nhau (sNa Tshogs SPrul sKu): Trong hin l Ha thn ny khng c s chc chn v ni chn, hnh thc, hay khong thi gian ca s hin l. N xut hin trong bt k hnh thc no thch hp vi chng sinh, chng hn nhng sinh loi; nh nhng hnh tng, Kinh in, nh ca, vn tc, thuc men, cu ng, v v. v.. Tr tu nguyn s ca Ha thn l s chng ng rng bt k hnh thc Ha thn no xut hin trc chng sinh th khng phi l nhng hnh thc v tri hay ch l nhng phn chiu. Cc ngi c hai loi tr tu nguyn s, v nhng tr tu xut hin mt cch t nhin v s li lc ca chng sinh. Tr tu nguyn s thu sut nh n l l s chng ng bn tnh ca chn l tuyt i ca mi vt hin hu c tnh cht hin tng, khng c bt k sai lm no. Tr tu ny biu l cho chng sinh ngha ca chn l tuyt i, l chn l thot khi nhng s khi nim ha ca sinh v dit, ging nh khng gian. Tr tu nguyn s thu bit tt c nhng s hin hu c tnh cht hin tng ng thi l s chng ng chn l tng i khng lm ln nhng tnh cht khc bit ca cc hin hu hin tng. S trao truyn c nht v nh ca i Vin mn c Prahevajra (Garab Dorje, Kim Cng H) nhn t Vajrasattva hay Vajrapni. Vajrasattva v Vajrapni l v Pht xut hin trong hnh thc Sambhogakya (Bo Thn) hay na Bo Thn, v Prahevajra l v Pht xut hin trong hnh thc Ha Thn.

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PRAHEVAJRA (GARAB DORJE)

PRAHEVAJRA (dGa Rab rDo rJe)65 l mt Nirmnakya (Ha thn), thn hin l ca c Pht xut hin nh o s i Vin mn u tin trong loi ngi. Theo nhng ngun mch ca i Vin mn, Prahevajra sinh lm con gi ca Vua x Oddiyna. Theo mt vi hc gi th Oddiyna khu vc quanh Thung lng Swat m hin nay l Pakistan. Oddiyna l sui ngun quan trng nht ca cc gio l Pht gio, hay tantra (Mt in) b truyn. N l mt a im y nng lc v l x s ca cc dkin, nhiu ti nguyn thin nhin, rng rm v d th. Ti Oddiyna cng c mt ngi cha trng l tn l Deche Tsekpa (V s H lc) c 6.108 ngi cha nh bao quanh. Tt c u rt hng thnh. Cch khng xa lm, trn mt hn o c ct vng bao ph, mt s c tn l Sudharm,67 con gi ca Vua Uparja68 v Hong hu lokabhsvati (Bc Chiu sng)69 x Oddiyna ang thin nh trong mt tp lu c n s vi mt th gi tn l Sukhasravati (Tri tim H lc). Mt m, s c c mt gic m trong mt ngi n ng tinh khit vi nc da trng xut hin v t mt bnh pha l ln u c ba ln. Chic bnh c t im nm ch tng trng cho nm v Pht v pht ra nhng tia sng, v c c th nhn thy ba ci tht r rng. Sau gic m, vo ngy mng mi, s c sinh ra mt cu con trai t im nhng du hiu kit tng. a tr ny l ti sinh ca Adhichitta, mt hin l ca Vajrasattva (Kim Cng Tt a), ng xut hin trong ci tri truyn b i Vin mn . S c hong s v xu h. a tr khng cha ny chnh l mt tinh linh xu c! c la ln v nm n vo mt h tro, mc d c th gi, l ngi c nhng phm tnh tt lnh, cnh bo s c rng a tr l mt hin l gic ng. Vo lc , ngi ta nghe thy nhng m thanh k diu, v nhng tia sng xut hin. Ba m sau , s c tm li c a b, n bnh yn v s.70 C nhn ra rng a b l mt hin l gic ng, v c a n v nh, qun n trong mt ming la trng v tm cho n. Vo lc , cc dkin v hin nhn ca ngi v cng dng a tr, v t trn khng trung cc v tri tn thn:

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 V Bo tr, o s, ng Th Tn, Bc Th h ca th gii, ngi khm ph chn tnh, Xin l v bo tr mnh m ca chng con. Kim cng ca Php gii, chng con khn cu ngi. Khi a tr ln by tui, trn y nng lc tr tu, cu ni n m cho cu i gp cc hc gi c th tho lun vi h v gio thuyt tn gio. Khi c cho php, cu vi v chy ti ng ca cu l Vua Uparja, v khn cu c gp cc hc gi. Cu tho lun vi nm trm hc gi, khng ai c th nh bi cu. H ng lng chp nhn cu l mt ha thn gic ng v t bn chn cu ln u h trong c ch v cng tn knh. H tng cu b danh hiu Prajnbhava (Bn tnh Tr tu). Nh vua rt vui v tng cho a tr danh hiu Prahevajra (Kim cng Cc H). Cu cng c gi l Vetlasukha v Rolang Thaldok (Thy ma sng li H lc v Thy ma sng li mu Tro), bi cu c cu sng t tro tn ni cu b chn vi. Sau phng bc, trn vch ng Ni Sryapraksha (Ni Rc Nng), trong mt tp lu c, Prahevajra an tr trong thin nh cho ti khi ngi ba mi hai tui. Trong chc lt, ngi nhn nhng qun nh, gio hun, v ph chc ca cc tantra i Vin mn t Vajrasattva71 v t c cp v tu, Pht qu. Tri t rung ng by ln, ngi ta nghe thy nhng m thanh t khng trung, v mt trn ma hoa xung. Khi nghe thy nhng m thanh chin thng , mt v vua d gio phi ngi ti git Prahevajra, nhng h khng th lm hi ngi, bi thn ngi v hnh ging nh nhng tia sng mt tri. Ngay sau Prahevajra xut hin trong khng trung, nh vua v cc thn dn tng trng nim tin ni ngi v tr thnh nhng Pht t. Nm ba mi hai tui, ngi i n ni Malaya. Ngi trn nh ni ba nm v chp li cc gio l ca ch Pht trong qu kh v c bit l 6.400.000 cu k ca i Vin mn ang hin din trong k c ca ngi, vi s tr gip ca cc Dkin Vajradhtu v Anantagun. Sau ngi giao cho Khandro Ngnpar Jungwar chm sc gio l v giao trch nhim cho Dkin Semden thc hin nhng l cng dng cho Kinh in thing ling. Vi s ph din thn diu, Prahevajra i ti i bo thp Shtavana, m a huyn b.72 ngi ban gio l cho nhiu t k c Dkin Suryakiran. Trong thi gian , ph hp vi li tin tri ca c Vn Th, o s Manjushrmitra ti m a Shtavana v nhn nhng gio l Nyingthig t Prahevajra trong by mi lm nm. Theo Khandro Nyingthig73 v nhng ngun mch khc, Shrsimha cng ti m a Shtavana v nhn Khandro Nyingthig v nhng gio l khc t Prahevajra, v sau ny ngi trao truyn nhng gio l cho Guru Padmasambhava v Vairochana.74 Cui cng, ti ngun con sng Danatika, thn xc ca Prahevajra tan bin vo Php gii thun khit, gia nhng du hiu k diu nh tri t rung ng, mt khi v i nh sng cu vng, v nhng m thanh khc nhau. Khi Manjushrmitra dng nhng li cu nguyn bi thng, t gia mt khi nh sng trong khng trung, Prahevajra xut hin, v mt chic hp bng vng ln bng mt mng tay h xung bn tay Manjushrmitra. Chic hp ny c ng di chc ca Prahevajra, tn l Ba Li Thm nhp iu Ct ty.75 N bao gm nhng li sau:

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Knh l s chng ng iu xc quyt ni t tnh! [Bn tnh ca] gic tnh l thot khi s hin hu, V nhng xut hin khc nhau ca nhng s t-xut hin th bt tn. V th mi vt hin hu c tnh cht hin tng ang xut hin nh ci tnh ca Php thn, V mi s xut hin c gii thot trong bn tnh [ca gic tnh] t thn. [Ci thy:] S Gii thiu bn tnh t thn [gic tnh ca ring ta]. [Con ng:] Tr nn xc quyt v im duy nht [ca vic duy tr bn tnh t thn]. [Kt qu:] C s xc quyt ni s gii thot [ca mi s vo bn tnh nguyn s]. Ch bng cch c di chc, Manjushrmitra t c mt s chng ng tng ng vi s chng ng ca Prahevajra.

50

MANJUSHRMITRA
MANJUSHRMITRA (Jam dPal bShes gNyen)76 sinh trong mt gia nh b la mn trong thnh ph Dvikrama hng ty ca Bodhgay ti n . Thn ph ngi l Sdhushstr, v thn mu l Pradplok.77 Ngi tr thnh mt hc gi ca c nm lnh vc hc thut. Trong mt linh kin thanh tnh, c Vn Th ban cho ngi li tin tri ny: nam t ca gia nh tt lnh, nu con mun t c Pht qu ngay trong i ny, hy i ti m a Shtavana. Manjushrmitra ti v nhn gio l t Prahevajra trong by mi lm nm. Prahevajra bo ngi: Bn tnh ca tm l Pht t nguyn thy. Tm, ging nh khng gian, khng c sinh hay dit. Khi hon ton chng ng ngha ca s nht nh ca mi hin tng, an tr trong n, khng tm kim, l thin nh.78 Manjushrmitra chng ng ngha ca gio l ca Prahevajra v din t s chng ng ca ngi cho Prahevajra: Con l Manjushrmitra. Con t c s thnh tu Yamntaka. Con chng ng s bnh ng v i ca sinh t v Nit bn. Tr tu nguyn s thu sut mi s pht khi trong con. Khi Prahevajra t c Nit bn gia nhng du hiu k diu, Manjushrmitra nhn thy Prahevajra trong khng trung gia mt khi nh sng, v ngi tht ra li than th ny: Than i, than i, than i! s Bao la Rng ln! Nu nh sng ngn n ca v Thy b che khut, Ai s xua tan bng ti ca th gii? 51

T khi nh sng vi m thanh ca mt ting sm xut hin mt hp bng vng ln bng mt mng ngn tay ci. Trn khng trung chic hp i nhiu quanh Manjushrmitra ba ln. Sau n h xung lng bn tay phi. Khi m hp, ngi tm thy di chc Ba Li Thm nhp iu Ct ty ca Prahevajra vit bng cht nc ma-la-cht (malachite) mu xanh dng trn mt ci l lm bng nm cht qu bu. Ch nhn thy n ngi t c mt s chng ng tng ng vi chng ng ca Prahevajra. Sau Manjushrmitra phn loi 6.400.000 cu k ca Dzopa Chenpo thnh ba phm tr (sDe): 1. Cc gio l nhn mnh cch thc tm an tr, ngi phn loi l Semde 2. Cc gio l nhn mnh vic thot khi nhng n lc, ngi phn loi l Longde 3. Cc gio l nhn mnh nhng im ct ty, ngi phn loi l Mengagde Manjushrmitra phn chia Nyingthig, gio l phi thng nht ca Me-ngagde thnh hai nhm: 1. Nhng gio l khu truyn (sNyan rGyud) 2. Cc tantra c tnh cch gii thch (bShad rGyud) Ngi ghi li nhng gio l khu truyn. Nhng i vi nhng tantra c tnh cch gii thch, ngi khng tm c t xng ng c th truyn nhng gio l ny, v th ngi ct du chng trong mt tng mn c nh du bng mt chy kim cng i (xp cho) pha bc Bodhgay. Ngi tri qua mt trm l chn nm79 ti m a Sosadvpa pha ty Bodhgay, an tr trong thin nh, thc hnh gii lut b mt vi v s dkin, v ban cho h cc gio l. ngi trao truyn gio l i Vin mn cho Shrsimha. Lc cui i, gia nhng du hiu, m thanh, tia sng, v nh sng k diu, ngi tan bin thnh thn chi li. Bi nhng li cu nguyn sng m ca Shrsimha, di chc ca Manjushrmitra, Gom-nyam Trukpa (Su Kinh nghim Thin nh)80 h xung bn tay ca Shrsimha. Trong c nhng li ny: nam t ca gia nh tt lnh! Nu con mun nhn thy s tng tc ca gic tnh tuyt i trn tri, [a] hy tm kim i tng ca gic tnh [bu tri trong tro] [b] n vo nhng im trong thn th [bng t th], [c] ng li ng n v i [s h hp], [d] tp trung vo mc tiu [Php gii ti thng], [e] nng tc vo s bt ng [ca thn, i mt, v gic tnh], v [f] nm gi khng gian bao la [bn tnh ca gic tnh t thn]. Cc o s Shrsimha v Buddhajnna l t ca Manjushrmitra v thm ch mt s ngi cn cho rng c l cc ngi ch l mt ngi.81

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Sau ny, Manjushrmitra ti sinh bng cch sinh trong hoa sen ti mt ni c gi l Serkyi Metok Ki Gyenpe Ling (o T im Hoa Vng) min ty n v c gi l Manjushrmitra cui cng. Ngi ban gio l i Vin mn cho Guru Padmasambhava (c Lin Hoa Sanh) v o s ryadeva (Thnh Thin).

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SHRSIMHA
O S Shrsimha (dPal Gyi Seng Ge)82 sinh trong mt thnh ph tn l Shokyam trn o Sosha Trung quc. Thn ph ngi l Gewe Denpa (Bc c hnh) v thn mu l Nangwa Salwa Raptu Khyenma (Bc Trong sng v Uyn thm). Nm mi lm tui, ngi i ti Cy B Trung quc v tu hc vi o s Haribhala83 trong ba nm, v ngi tinh thng nm mn hc (ng minh). Sau , trong khi ang du hnh bng lc theo hng ty v pha thnh ph Suvarnadvpa (o Vng), Shrsimha nhn thy linh kin v Avalokiteshvara (c Qun Th m) trong khng trung. c Avalokiteshvara ni: nam t may mn ca gia nh tt lnh, nu con thc s c mun t c kt qu, c mt thnh ph n tn l Sosadvpa, hy ti . Shrsimha hi lng vi tin tri, nhng ngi t ngh: Tuy nhin, trc tin, ta phi hc ton b cc tantra ngoi v ni d thu trit nhng gio l phi thng. V th ngi i ti Ng i Sn tng nh c Vn Th, v ngi nghin cu ton b cc tantra ngoi v ni vi o s Bhelakrti84 trong by nm. Ngi th gii tu s (T khu) v tr gi gii lut trong ba mi nm. c Avalokiteshvara lp li li tin tri ca ngi trc y. Ngay sau Shrsimha ngh: Cch hay nht l du hnh ti Sosadvpa mt cch k diu khng gp bt k chng ngi no trn ng i. V th ngi thc hnh mt sdhana trong ba nm v t c nng lc. Sau ngi i nh gi, khong hai pht (0,6m) trn mt t. Ngi ti Sosadvpa v gp Manjushrmitra. ngi nhn cc gio l trong hai mi lm nm v thc hnh chng. Y theo Khandro Nyingthig85 v nhng sui ngun khc, Shrsimha cng i ti Shtavana v trc tip nhn nhng gio l Nyingthig t Prahevajra, v sau trao truyn cc gio l cho Guru Padmasambhava v Vairochana.86 Sau o s Manjushrmitra nhp Nit bn v thn ngi tan bin trn nh bo thp trong mt hm m trung tm ca Sosadvpa. Khng gian trn ngp m nhc v bu tri chi la nh sng. Shrsimha dng mt bi cu nguyn bi thng, ni rng:

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Than i, than i, than i! s Bao la Rng ln! Nu nh sng o s Kim cng b che khut, Ai s xua tan bng ti ca th gian? Thnh lnh Manjushrmitra xut hin trn bu tri v dui bn tay phi ra, ngi t vo bn tay Shrsimha mt hp nm ngc qu bng mt mng tay. Trong Shrsimha tm thy di chc Gomnyam Trukpa (Su Kinh nghim Thin nh) ca Manjushrmitra, c vit trn mt chic l c to bng nm kim loi qu vi loi mc lm bng mt trm cht qu bu. Shrsimha t c s hon ton xc quyt ni s chng ng ca ngi v thu sut nhng tantra phi thng, c ngn t ln ngha, khng cht sai lm. Ngi ly ra nhng bn vn c Manjushrmitra chn du ti Bodhgay v tr v Trung quc. Ti Trung quc ngi sp xp nhng gio l Me-ngagde thnh bn gio kha (sKor): Ngoi, Ni, B mt, v B mt Thm su. Ngi chn ba gio kha u lm nhng gio l phc tp v chn du chng trong ban cng ca ngi cha gn Cy B Trung quc. Ngi gi nhng gio l B mt Thm su, Nyingthig, bn ngi khng h ri xa nhng sau , nh mt dkin ch dn, ngi chn du chng trong mt cy ct ca cha Tashi Trigo (V s Cng Tt lnh) v ph chc nhng gio l ny cho Ekajat. Sau , th hng nhng bi tp b mt, ngi ti m a Siljin (Ngi Mang li s Mt m) Trung quc nh o s ca tp hi daka v dkin. Ngi ban nhng khu truyn ca cc gio kha Me-ngagde Ngoi, Ni, v B mt cho Vimalamitra. Ngi ban khu truyn ca bn gio kha Me-ngagde cng nhng bn vn ca chng cho Jnnastra. Ngi cng ban cho Jnnastra nhng gio l v qun nh ca Me-ngagde c gi l qun nh phc tp, qun nh n gin, qun nh rt n gin, v qun nh cc k n gin. Sau Shrsimha tan bin trong thn chi li, v di chc Zerwu Dnpa (By Chic inh)87 ca ngi h xung bn tay ca Jnnastra. N bao gm nhng dng sau: Knh l s vin mn ca tr tu nguyn s, [s hp nht ca] quang minh v tnh Khng. Tr tu tnh gic, trm khp tt c v xut hin trong tt c, M trng v v phn bit. h tr [gic tnh] trn nn tng bt bin, Bng cch t by chic inh v i trn con ng hp ca sinh t v Nit bn. i lc bt bin xut hin trong tm con.. [a] Hy ng chic inh tr tu khng b chng ngi ca s quang minh ch ni lin sinh t v Nit bn [ hp nht chng nh s nht nh]. [b] Hy ng chic inh nh sng t xut hin ch ni lin tm v cc i tng. [c] Hy ng chic inh ct ty thun tnh t nhin ch ni lin tm v vt. [d] Hy ng chic inh ca s thot khi nhng ci thy ch ni lin khng v s vnh cu.

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[e] Hy ng chic inh gic tnh siu vt cc hin tng ch ni lin cc hin tng v bn tnh ca cc hin tng. [f] Hy ng chic inh ca nm ca [cc gic quan] hon ton gii thot ch ni lin s kch ng (tro c) v u oi (hn trm). [g] Hy ng chic inh Php thn nguyn s vin mn ch ni lin cc hnh tng v tnh Khng.

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JNNASTRA
JNNASTRA (Ye Shes mDo)88 sinh min ng thnh ph Kamalashila min ng n . Thn ph ngi l Shntihasta (Bn tay Ha bnh), v thn mu l Kalynachitta (C Thin Tm),89 trong mt gia nh shdra (ng cp thp km nht). Ngi tr nn uyn bc v i ti Bodhgay, ngi sng vi nm trm hc gi. Trong s c Vimalamitra v mi lin h ca Jnnastra vi v hc gi ny rt cht ch bi nhng i trc ca cc ngi. Mt hm Jnnastra v Vimalamitra i b khong hai dm v hng ty ca Bodhgay. Vo lc , t khng trung, c Pht Vajrasattva xut hin v tuyn b: cc nam t ca gia nh tt lnh, cc con ti sinh nm trm i lm hc gi, nhng cc con khng t c Pht qu. Nu cc con mun t c s gic ng ca s tan bin thn trc ngay trong i ny, hy i ti ngi cha gn Cy B Trung quc. Vimalamitra i Trung quc, nhn nhng khu truyn ca cc gio kha Ngoi, Ni v B mt, v tr v n . Ngi v Jnnastra gp li nhau ngoi ca thnh ph Gache Kyi Tsal (Vn H lc). Vimalamitra thut li cho Jnnastra v vic ngi gp o s Shrsimha Trung quc. Sau ti lt Jnnastra i Trung quc v bng nng lc k diu, ch trong mt ngy ngi i c mt qung ng m ngi bnh thng phi mt chn thng. Khi ngi ti ngi cha gn Cy B Trung quc, ngi gp mt c gi p mang mt ci bnh ng y nc. C ch th cho ngi i Tashi Trigo. Khi ngi ti mt ngi cha khng l, trng l, mt dkin ch th cho ngi i ti m a Siljin. Ngi i ti v gp o s Shrsimha bng xng bng tht trong mt ngi cha lm bng nhng chic s ngi. lm vui lng o s Shrsimha, ngi phng s o s trong ba nm. Sau vi nhng mn cng dng ngi khn cu o s ban cho cc gio l. Shrsimha dy ngi cc gio l khu truyn trong chn nm.

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Shrsimha rt nhng bn vn n du ca cc gio l ny t ngi cha gn Cy B v giao ph chng cho Jnnastra. Sau Jnnastra hi lng v chun b khi hnh. Shrsimha hi ngi: Con c hi lng khng? Jnnastra tr li: C, con hi lng. Shrsimha ni: Con cha c ph chc cc gio l. Jnnastra ngh: C l vn cn nhng gio l su xa hn na, v ngi khn cu Shrsimha ban nhng gio l cho ngi. Shrsimha tr li: Cn phi c nhng qun nh. Trong cha Tashi Trigo ngi ban cho Jnnastra ton b qun nh phc tp, k l nhng gio l v gio kha B mt Thm su trong ba nm. Nhng o s khng ban cho ngi cc bn vn v ni: Khi ng thi cc bn vn s xut hin cho con. Sau , trong mt th trn vng v, Shrsimha cng ban cho ngi qun nh n gin. Khi Jnnastra chm dt mt nm tu tp nhng bi tp chun b v nhng kinh nghim v sinh t v Nit bn trn nh Ni Kosala, Shrsimha ban cho ngi nhng gio l qun nh n gin nht, v mt s xc quyt phi thng pht trin trong Jnnastra. K , sau khi tu tp mt thng, Jnnastra c ban qun nh n gin nht, v ngi chng ng vic hon ton kim sot tm mnh. Jnnastra li vi Shrsimha mi su nm na, tu tp thin nh v tun th nhng gii lut ca o s. o s vn hnh x theo nhng cch th huyn b, lang thang trong cc m a, t bin thnh nhng thn tng khc nhau, v ha ln vi cc dkin v nhng chng sinh khng khip m khng cht s hi. Sau o s c Vua Paljin (Ngi Mang li Vinh quang) ca x Li90 thnh mi v ngi ti , xuyn qua bu tri, ci mt con s t trng, an ta trong mt chic lu la di ba lp d, c su d xoa tr mnh m nng ln. Bui sng ngy th by sau khi ngi khi hnh, ngi ta nghe thy mt m thanh ln trong khng trung. Jnnastra nhn ln bu tri v thy o s ngi gia mt khi nh sng. Jnnastra nhn ra rng nhc thn ca o s tan bin. Jnnastra dng nhng li cu nguyn, v di chc Zerbu Dnma (By Chic inh) h xung tay ngi. Shrsimha cng ban cho ngi gio hun tin tri ny: Nhng bn vn ca gio l B mt Thm su, Nyingthig, c ct du trong mt cy ct Tashi Trigo. Hy ly chng ra v i ti m a Bhasing.91 Sau Jnnastra rt nhng bn vn ra v i ti m a Bhasing tuyt p, kinh khip v mnh lit nht, mt ni cch xa v pha ng Bodhgaya. Trong khi Jnnastra thc hin nhng bi tp b mt v ban gio l cho cc dkin th Vimalamitra cng ang thc hin nhng thc hnh b mt, nhn mt tin tri t mt dkin v ti gp Jnnastra. Jnnastra ban cho Vimalamitra nhng qun nh v gio l phc tp, n gin, rt n gin, v v cng n gin, v cng giao ph cho Vimalamitra cc bn vn. Lc cui i Jnnastra thnh tu s tan bin nhc thn, v khi Vimalamitra dng nhng li cu nguyn bi thng, Jnnastra xut hin v ban cho Vimalamitra di chc Zhakthap Zhipa (Bn Phng php Thin nh) ca ngi.92 N bao gm nhng cu sau: Knh l tnh Khng thun tnh nguyn s.. K diu thay! Nu con tu tp nhng gio l ny, h lc s xut hin t nhin. Nu con mun t c trng thi bnh ng v i, hy chng nghim [trong nhng thin nh sau y] trong mi lc.

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[a] Nu con c mun c tu tp mi hot ng b mt, hy duy tr mi s xut hin trong tnh trc tip (Cher) ca thin nh t nhin. [b] Nu con c mun c c sc mnh trong thin nh ca con, hy an tr trong s hp nht tm v vt nh ci thy ca s thin nh t nhin nh i dng. [c] Nu con c mun t c s t-gii thot khi mi ci thy [nhng nim], hy a mi vt hin hu ti ch tch dit ca chng bng s thin nh t nhin nh ngn ni. [d] Nu con c mun t c mi kt qu, nh chng l, hy gii thot mi sai lm trong s tu tp nh ci thy nh ngn ni.

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VIMALAMITRA
VIMALAMITA (Dri Med bShes gNyen)93 sinh ti Rng Voi (Glang Poi Tshal) min ty n . Thn ph ngi l Deden Khorlo, v thn mu l Dak-nyid Salma. Ngi tr thnh mt hc gi ca Thanh Vn tha v i tha. Ngi l mt trong nm trm hc gi ang c tr ti Bodhgay (B o trng). Mt hm, nng, Vimalamitra v Jnnastra i khong hai dm v hng ty ca Bodhgay ti mt ci m c nhiu loi hoa thm ngt. T khng trung Vajrasattva xut hin v ni vi h: cc nam t ca gia nh tt lnh, mi ngi trong cc con nm trm i sinh lm cc hc gi, nhng cho ti nay cc con cha bao gi thnh tu kt qu siu vit, m trong tng lai cng s nh vy. Nu cc con mun t c gic ng ca vic tan bin thn trc ngay trong i ny, hy i ti ngi cha gn Cy B Trung quc. Vimalamitra trn y s tinh tn. Ngay lp tc, ngi cm chic bnh bt, vt s hu duy nht ca ngi, v khi hnh i Trung quc. Ngi gp Shrsimha ti ngi cha gn Cy B v nhn khu truyn Nyingthig Me-gagde v nhng gio l ca cc gio kha Ngoi, Ni, v B mt trong hai mi nm. Nhng Shrsimha khng cho ngi cc bn vn ca nhng gio l ny. Hon ton hi lng, Vimalamitra tr v n v thut li nhng thnh tu ca ngi cho Jnnastra. Jnnastra i ti Trung quc v nhn t Shrsimha gio l ca tt c bn gio kha Nyingthig. Ngoi ra Jnnastra c nhn nhng bn vn. Shrsimha cng li cho Jnanastra di chc ca ngi khi ngi t c thn cu vng. Sau Jnnastra tr v n v sng m a Bhasing, thuyt ging cho cc dkin. Vimalamitra thc hnh cc bi tp b mt trong m a Thachung. Mt hm khi ngi ang ci mt con voi xanh lang thang trong m a, thng y ca ngi vt trn vai phi v cm mt chic d che u, Dkin Palkyi Lodr xut hin trong bu tri v ban li tin tri ny: ngi may mn, nu ng mun nhn nhng gio hun Nyingthig su xa hn trc y, hy i ti rng m a Bhasing. Ngi lp tc n v gp Jnnastra. Vimalamitra cu khn Jnnastra ban cho ngi nhng gio l su xa. biu l nng lc ca s chng ng, Jnnastra pht ra mt tia sng t urna (mt nhm lng trn, bch ho) v vi mt ci lic nhn lm khng gian ngp trn s ph din ca ci tnh Bo thn. Vimalamitra pht trin lng tin 60

khng th b lay chuyn ngi. Ngay lp tc, Jnnastra ban cho ngi qun nh phc tp, v urna ca Vimalamitra c m ra. Jnnastra cng giao ph cho Vimalamitra cc bn vn v gio hun ca ba gio kha Nyingthig u tin. Mt nm sau ti mt ngi cha, Jnnastra ban qun nh n gin, v hi nc94 xut hin t mi l chn lng ca thn Vimalamitra. Ngi c ban cho bn vn gio kha Nyingthig B mt Su xa. Sau khi thc hnh nhng bi tp chun b v nhng kinh nghim trong sinh t v nit bn trong su thng trn nh Ni Sche,95 Vimalamitra nhn qun nh v cng n gin, k l nhng gio hun. Ngi thnh tu nhng kinh nghim v chng ng phi thng, v trn chp mi ca ngi xut hin mt ch AH trng, n c v nh sp b rt. Su thng sau Vimalamitra c ban ton b qun nh v cng n gin, v ngi chng ng bn tnh trn tri ca tm. Ngi cng c ban nhng gio hun y v nhng im trng yu ca Nyingthig. Sau Vimalamitra li vi v Thy trong mi bn nm, hon thin s chng ng Nyingthig ca ngi. Sau Jnnastra nhp Nit bn m khng li thn xc. Khi Vimalamitra cu nguyn vi lng sng m, t gia mt khi nh sng chi li trong bu tri, cng tay ca o s xut hin v t vo bn tay Vimalamitra mt chic hp c nm nm loi ngc qu. T chic hp Vimalamitra khm ph di chc Bn Phng php Thin nh, v ngay lp tc ngi thnh tu s chng ng tng ng vi chng ng ca o s ca ngi. Sau , sng trong mt tp lu tre, Vimalamitra lm Thy gio ca Vua Haribhadra (S t Tuyt ho) trong thnh ph Kmarpa min ng Ty Tng trong hai mi nm. Sau ngi i min ng n . K ngi i ti thnh ph Bhirya96 min ty n v chp nhn lng sng m v nhng vic phng s ca Vua Dharmapla. K , trong by nm, vi tp hi ng o dkin, ngi thc hnh Nyingthig Prabhskara, mt m a b mt khng xa thnh ph Bhirya lm. Khi theo ui nhng bi tp b truyn bng nhng hnh thc v phng php khc nhau, ngi ban gio l cho v s t. Ngi t c linh kin v s ton thin ca gic tnh ni ti (Rig Pa Tshad Phebs), cp th ba trong bn cp ca i Vin mn, v sau thnh tu thn nh sng ca s i chuyn ha (Pho Ba Chen Po) v a ba ngn ngi ti s gic ng. Sau , trong mi ba nm, ngi vn ti m a trong nhng hin l khc nhau. Trong m a ny ngi thc hin ba bn sao cc bn vn linh thnh ca Nyingthig. Ngi ct du mt bn trong hn o b che ph bi ct vng trong i dng ca x Oddiyna min ty n . Ngi chn du mt bn khc trong mt hang ng Suvarnadvpa ti Kashmir, v bn cui cng th ngi gi gn m a Prabhskara nh i tng ca lng sng m i vi cc dkin. Vimalamitra cng nhn thy Prahevajra by ln trong mt linh kin thanh tnh v trc tip nhn cc gio hun. Vo lc , Vua Trisong Detsen ca Ty Tng thit lp Pht php Ty Tng. Mt o s Ty Tng v i tn l Tingdzin Zangpo thuc gia nh Nyang cho nh vua li khuyn c tnh cht tin tri rng vua nn mi o s b mt v i Vimalamitra x n . Tingdzin Zangpo c th ko di thi gian thin nh trong by nm v c th nhn thy bn i lc nh nng lc ca i mt trn ca ngi, l nng lc siu nhin nhn thc c nhng hin tng vt l. V th, Vua Trisong

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Detsen phi cc dch gi Kawa Paltsek v Chok-ro Li Gyaltsen ti n vi qu tng l vng v mt thng ip cho Vua Indrabhti tr tui ca cung thnh Serkya, ni rng: Xin gi mt o s Mt tha v i trong s nm trm Thy gio hc gi ca ngi. Khi Vimalamitra t c thn ca s i chuyn ha (Pho Ba Chen Po) v ang lu li nh mt trong nm trm Thy gio ca nh vua. Vua Indrabhti v nhng hc gi ca ng ng v vic chn Vimalamitra l ngi c phi sang Ty Tng. Nhn thy l thi im thch hp i Ty Tng, Vimalamitra chp nhn li thnh mi. Vimalamitra i Ty Tng cng vi o s Kshitigarbha nh th gi ca v Thy ny, mang theo mt bn sao ca nhng bn vn Nyingthig linh thnh. Vo lc ngi khi hnh nhiu ngi n c nhng gic m xu, nhng im chim tinh xu xy ra, hoa v nhng cy ra qu hng v pha Ty Tng, v nhng du hiu xut hin cho thy s ganh t ca cc dkin m a. Do bi nhng im , nhng ngi n nhn ra rng nhng gio l b mt tut khi tay h, v h phi cc s gi i nhanh to ra nhng mi nghi ng trong tm ngi Ty Tng. Cc s gi t nhng tm p phch ch ni lin cc thung lng v cc giao l trong cc thnh ph, vit rng: Hai tu s Ty Tng bt i mt nh huyn thut n , ngi ny sp hy dit Ty Tng. V th khi Vimalamitra ti Samye, nhng ngi Ty Tng ang trong tnh trng nghi ng ngi. Khi ngi nh l mt pho tng ca c Pht Vairochana (T L Gi Na), pho tng tan ra thnh bi t trc mt ngi. Khi ngi gia h cho ng t, pho tng t phc hi li v cn uy nghi hn trc. Nim tin ni Vimalamitra dn dn pht trin trong nhng ngi Ty Tng, v ngi c th ban cc gio l cho h. Mt hm, trong khi ngi ang ban nhng gio l Kinh in cho mt hi chng cc t, ngi tr li i snh sau gi gii lao v tm thy mt bc th ngn trn gh ca ngi. Th vit: Pht qu khng th t c bng Php nh tr con ca cc Thanh vn; khng th bao ph khong cch bng nhng bc chn kim cng ca con qu. Nhng cuc iu tra c lp ra, v tc gi ca bc th c khm ph. Khi c hi l ai, ng ta tr li: Ti l Yudra Nyingpo, mt t ca i dch gi Pakor Vairochana. Vo lc Vairochana ang b lu y Gyalmo Rong, min ng Ty Tng. Vimalamitra v Yudra Nyingpo so snh nhng gio l v chng ng ca cc ngi v thy chng tng ng nhau. Sau trong mi nm, Vimalamitra cng lm vic vi mt nhm dch gi. Vi Yudra Nyingpo, ngi dch mi ba bn vn c dch sau ca Semde, bi Vairochana dch nm bn vn c dch trc trong mi tm bn vn Semde. Cng vi Nyak Jnnakumra, ngi dch Guhyagarbha-myjla-tantra, trong s nhng bn vn khc ca Mahyoga, v mt vi bn vn gio hun ca Semde v Longde. Ngi dch nhng bn vn gc v nhng bn vn gio hun ca cc gio kha Me-ngagde Ngoi, Ni, v B mt vi Nyak Jnnakumra. Nhng gio l ca gio kha B mt Thm su, Nyingthig ca Me-ngagde, c gi kn gia o s, nh vua, v Nyang, v c dch hon ton b mt.97 Nhng gio l Nyingthig do Vimalamitra mang ti Ty Tng c gi l Vima Nyingthig.

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Vimalamitra c th nhn ra rng khng c t no khc thch hp giao ph cc bn vn ca gio kha B mt Thm su (bn quyn, v.v.. v Nyingthig). Ngi chn du nhng bn dch ting Ty Tng ti Trakmar Gekong Chimphu gn Tu vin Samye. Sau khi Ty Tng mi ba nm, Vimalamitra khi hnh i Ng i Sn Trung quc. Bi ngi t c thn cu vng ca s i chuyn ha, hon thnh c nguyn ca ngi, ngi s an tr cho ti khi no Pht Php cn hin hu. Ngi ha trong mi th k ngi s gi mt ha thn ca chnh ngi ti Ty Tng thc hin cng vic duy tr v ph bin gio l Nyingthig cho ti khi no Pht Php cn hin hu. Khi Pht gio khng cn tn ti, Vimalamitra s tan bin vo Php gii ti thng ti Bodhgay. Nhng ngi c tn tm tin rng nu i mt tm linh ca qu v trong sng, qu v c th nhn thy ngi bng xng bng tht ti Ng i Sn. C nhiu s kin nhn thy v th nhn gio l t Vimalamitra ti Ng i Sn. Khi ti cn tr, ti nghe nhiu cu chuyn t v Thy Kyala Khenpo Rinpoche ca ti. y l mt chuyn ti c th thut li: Mt Lt ma quan trng ti khng nh tn i hnh hng Ng i Sn cng cc t. Mt hm khi sp i nhiu, h nhn thy mt ngi th ng giy ngi Trung quc ang ngi di mt tng cnh mt con ng nh. V Lt ma ngi trc mt ngi th giy vi v tn knh. Khng cht ngn ngi, ngi th giy t i giy ng ta ang lm ln u v Lt ma v cho Lt ma ung nc d m ng bn cnh. Tt c cc t ca v Lt ma chong vng v xu h, bi nhiu khch hnh hng ang nhn v ci v Lt ma. Sau , cc t c Lt ma cho bit rng thc ra ngi th giy chnh l Vimalamitra, v Lt ma c nhn nhng qun nh. Cc t vi v quay li tng nhng khng th tm thy du vt no chng t l c ngi . Tr phi qu v l mt bc thnh tu, cch hay nht l qu v c th nhn thy Vimalamitra nh mt con chim, mt nh sng cu vng, hay mt ngi bnh thng v i loi nh vy. Nm mi lm nm sau ngy Vimalamitra khi hnh i Ng i Sn, Nyang xy Cha Zha trong Thung lng Drikung thuc Tnh Uru. Trong ngi cha ngi chn du nhng bn vn ca cc tantra c tnh cht gii thch ca ba gio kha u tin cng nh nhng bn vn thuc v s khu truyn v mt vi bn vn Su xa. Nhng li ca s khu truyn c truyn cho Dro Rinchen Bar. Cui cng, Nyak tan bin thn ngi thnh thn cu vng. Dro Rinchen truyn nhng khu truyn cho Be Lodr Wangchuk, v ny truyn cc gio l cho Neten Dangma Lhngyal (th k 11). Neten cng khm ph nhng bn vn c Nyang chn du v giao ph s trao truyn cho Chetsn Senge Wangchuk (th k 11-12). Chetsn cng khm ph cc bn vn Nyingthig cng vi di chc ca Vimalamitra, c Vimalamitra ct du ti Gekong Chimphu v trao truyn cho Zhangtn Tashi Dorje (1097-1167). Danh hiu ca nhng v Thy dng truyn tha ca Vima Nyingthig t Dharmakya (Php thn) xung ti nhng o s hin ti c a ra trc y.

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GURU RINPOCHE, PADMASAMBHAVA

GURU RINPOCHE,98 mt trong nhng bc lo thng ca Pht gio n , l v sng lp Pht gio Ty Tng. Ngi c gi l Padmasambhava (Padma Byung gNas), Lin Hoa Sanh, v Guru x Oddiyna. Ty Tng ngi thng c gi l Guru Rinpoche, o s Tn qu. Nhng hnh gi phi Nyingma tn knh ngi nh c Pht th hai. Trc khi i vo cuc i ca Guru Rinpoche, ti mun tho lun mt t v nhng vn m chng ta c th c trong vic thu hiu mt cuc i y nng lc, b mt, huyn b v gic ng nh cuc i ca Guru Rinpoche. Lm cch no mt bc lo thng c th thc hin nhng iu huyn nhim v t c thn nh sng? Prahevajra, Manjushrmitra, Shrsimha, Jnanastra, Vimalamitra, v Guru Rinpoche v nhng phi ngu ca ngi, cng nh nhiu t ca ngi, l nhng hin l ca ch Pht hay nhng bc gic ng cao cp. Cuc i v th mng ca cc ngi khng b gii hn nh cuc i ca mt ngi bnh thng. Nhng hin l ca ch Pht trong thn tng ca nhng bc lo thng v i thnh thong xut hin trong lch s ca th gii, nhng rt him hoi. Prahevajra, Manjushrmitra, Shrsimha, v Jnanastra tan ha thn hin l ca cc ngi vo Php thn, khng li nhc thn vo cui i. Bi cc ngi thnh tu vic lm ch c th mng ca mnh nn cc ngi sng nhiu th k. Nh s uyn bc v hin dng cho thin nh Nyingthig, Vimalamitra thnh tu thn ca s i chuyn ha, v ngi vn cn trong thn nh sng ny v s trong thn tng hng ngn nm. V mc d l mt hin l ca c Pht A Di , c Pht V Lng Quang, nhng Guru Rinpoche hin l l mt bc y nng lc ang theo ui vic tu tp b mt thnh tu nhng kt qu hu mang li li lc cho chng sinh. Ngi cng c tin l trong thn nh sng ca s i chuyn ha. Nhng thnh tu ca cc v lo thng ny khng ch s trng th ca thn kh t (c th cht) ca cc ngi hay vic t c mt thn siu cm gic (an astral body - th va), m cn ch thnh tu thn gic ng, nh sng t-xut hin 64

ca gic tnh ni ti, Pht tnh. Mc d i vi nhng ngi bnh thng nh chng ta, ta khng th nhn thy thn nh sng nh n l, nhng khi ta c th nhn c nhng li lc th ta s nhn thy n trong nhng hnh thc thch hp vi bn tnh ca ta. Khi chng ta nghe k nhng cu chuyn v nhng bc lo thng sng hng th k hay ph din nhng iu huyn diu, hu ht chng ta u do d trong vic chp nhn nhng chuyn nh th, l may mn lm. Ngoi ra cng c nhng ngi c v cc bc lo thng v thng thc nhng cu chuyn v s trng th v nhng iu huyn diu nhng khng th chp nhn nhng cu chuyn bi chng khng ph hp vi nhng iu h ang kinh nghim. Tuy th hu ht cc nn vn ha v tn gio c ghi chp nhng s kin c lin quan ti nhng ngi siu phm, v nhng thnh tu siu nhin chng hn nh s trng th v ph din nhng nng lc huyn diu, l kt qu ca sc mnh tm linh su thm v nng lc thin nh, ch khng phi bi nng lc vt cht. Ngy nay chng ta ang chng kin nhng iu huyn diu v vt cht, l nhng iu m thi xa xa ngi ta khng th no tin c, nhng chng ta hay ang mt i s tip xc vi nng lc thm su ca ta. Chng ta tr thnh nhng n l n thun ca th gii vt cht bn ngoi. V th vn khng nm ch nhng nng lc b mt c v cn c hay khng, m ng hn chng ta ang t bin mnh thnh nhng k xa l vi nng lc thc s ca chn l thm su ca chnh ta, ging nh mt ngi du kn ca ci nh v i n xin trong ng ph. Ti sao cn phi nghin cu nhng hin l ca c Pht? Nu nhng o s nh Guru Rinpoche l nhng hin l ca ch Pht, th ti sao cc ngi phi kinh qua vic tu tp mnh lit v ti sao cc ngi phi i mt vi nhng chng ngi? C hai vn . Trc ht, nhng hin thn ca ch Pht s xut hin v s thc hin nhng hot ng ca cc ngi mt cch nghim nht trong bt k thn tng v vai tr no m cc ngi hin l. Nu cc ngi hin l nh nhng vin chc x hi, cc ngi s hon thnh vai tr bng cch tr thnh ngi cung cp thc phm, ch , v thuc men, hay cc ngi s lm vic cng c nhng gi tr o c v gia nh, cho d cc ngi l nhng hin thn Pht. V th, nu nhng bc lo thng hin l nh cc o s b mt, cc ngi s ng vai tr hc tp nh nhng hc vin, thc hnh nh nhng thin gi, v thnh tu nh nhng bc lo thng ging nh, nu qu v lm mt ci mung bng vng, n s thc hin chc nng l mt ci mung, v nu qu v lm mt vt trang sc bng vng th n s thc hin chc nng ca mt vt trang sc; cho d vng l mt kim loi qu c th c gi gn nh mt phn ca cc kho tng quc gia. Th hai, nhng hin l (Nirmnakya, Ha thn) khc nhau xut hin khng ph hp vi vin cnh ca c Pht m ph hp vi vin cnh ca nhng ngi bnh thng, bi cc ngi xut hin vi nhng ngi ny phng s h. Thng thng, nhng ngi bnh thng khng c nghip v nhng tnh kh tt nht c th nhn thy, cm nhn, hay n tip nhng ng tuyt ho trong cc hin l. Ty theo tnh cht v nghip hay cm xc ca h, vai tr ca s hin l cng s b gii hn. Ngay c nhng bc lo thng v i nh Guru Rinpoche cng b nhng ngi bnh thng nhn thy trong thn tng bnh thng hay ging nh thn tng bnh thng ch khng trong thn nh sng ca s i chuyn ha. Khi Guru Rinpoche Ty Tng, c mt thi gian Vua Trisong Detsen kh c th tin

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rng c Lin Hoa Sanh trong thn nh sng. Trc s ni n ca Guru Rinpoche, nh vua dng nm tay m ngi ba ln, v mi ln nh th nh vua khng th chm vo thn ngi m ch chm vo gh ngi ca ngi.99 Nhng bc lo thng v i chng hn nh Prahevajra v Guru Rinpoche khng ch l cc hin l ca ch Pht, m hin l nh nhng bc c ti nng vi nhng phm tnh ca cc bc lo thng. Cc ngi c nng lc v tr tu gic ng phi thng. Cc bc lo thng nh cc ngi biu l nng lc hin l nhiu thn tng trong mt thi gian, lm cho nhiu thn tng bin thnh mt, v ph din nhng yu t (cc i) i nghch, chng hn nh nc v la ha hp nhau, ph hp vi tnh cht ca nghip v tm thc v nhu cu ca cc t l thnh gi ca cc ngi. Tt c nhng hin l k diu c th c do bi nghip thun thc ca nhiu ngi thi gian v ni chn . Ti sao c nhng tng thut khc nhau v cuc i ca nhng bc lo thng? c bit l cuc i ca Guru Rinpoche l mt trong nhng cuc i k diu nht c th c trong bt k lch s ca th gii tm linh no, v v th n xut hin vi rt nhiu bin th. Nhng tng thut khc nhau khng hm mt tng thut l ng v nhng tng thut khc l sai. Nhng hin l ca cuc i ca cc bc lo thng xut hin mt cch khc bit cho nhng ngi khc nhau nhng ni chn v thi gian khc nhau h c phng s trong cch th thch hp nht. Trong nhiu trng hp, mt hin l duy nht trong mt pht chc duy nht c nhng ngi khc nhau nhn mt cch khc bit. l bi nng lc gic ng ca cc bc lo thng, s iu phc ti thng ca cc ngi i vi nhng hnh thc huyn ha, thi gian, v khng gian ca cc hin tng bnh thng. l vn rt ro, n lm cho nng lc ca cc o s hon ton thnh tu tr nn phi thng, v to nn mt sui ngun v i ca s gia h v nng lc tch cc cho nhng ngi khn ngoan, khong t, v sng m. Ngoi ra, ton b l do ti sao nhng hin l ca c Pht xut hin trc nhng ngi bnh thng nh chng ta l bi nhng tnh cht v nhu cu ca ta, l nhng chng sinh khc nhau, ch khng phi bi p lc thuc v nghip v tp kh ca nhng nim, cm xc, v hnh ng ca cc hin l. Trong s nhiu bn tng thut khc nhau v tiu s ca Guru Rinpoche do cc i hc gi bin son hay do cc i tertn, l nhng ngi tha k tm linh ca ngi, khm ph, c nhiu bn m nhng ngi bnh thng nh bn thn ti c th nhn thc c. Da vo nhng ngun mch , di y l mt tng thut vn tt v cuc i ca Guru Rinpoche. Sau khi c Pht nhp dit tm nm (hay theo mt s ngi th l mi hai), mt hin l ca c Pht A Di m sc thn c t im bng nhng tng tt ra i khng bng thai tng ca mt ngi n b (thai sanh) m c sinh ra mt cch tinh khit (ha sanh)100 trong mt hoa sen trong Bin Sa ty bc ca x Oddiyna gia nhng du hiu k diu. Vo lc , c mt v vua v i rng lng tn l Indrabhti101 Oddiyna. Trong nhiu nm, ngi cung cp mi nhu cu vt cht cho nhng ngi ngho kh cho ti khi nh kho ca ngi trng khng. Gi y ngi khng cn g b th v ngi cng mt th lc. Ngi khng c con k nghip chm sc cho thn dn. Mc d vy, vi lng can m v nhit thnh thng c trong vic cung cp nhng nhu cu cho dn chng, bt chp nhng chng i ca cc thng th, ch thn

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ngi cng vi v thng th trung thnh Krishnadhara v mt s ng thy th vt bin tm nhng vin ngc nh . Trn ng tr v, sau khi c nhng vin ngc v cng phc hi c th lc nh nng lc ca nhng vin ngc, nh vua v v thng th nhn thy mt a tr khong tm tui p l lng ang ngi trn mt hoa sen n gia Bin Sa. Ht sc kinh ngc, nh vua hi cu b: Cha m ca ngi l ai? Ngi thuc dng di no? Tn ngi l g? Ngi n g? Ngi lm g y? tr li cu b ht nhng vn k sau y bng mt ging tht quyn r. Cha ti l gic tnh ni ti, Samantabhadra (Ph Hin). M ti l Php gii ti thng, Samantabhadr. Dng di ca ti l s hp nht gic tnh ni ti v Php gii ti thng. Tn ti l Lin Hoa Sanh vinh quang [Padmasambhava]. X s ca ti l php gii v sanh. Ti n nhng t tng bt nh. Vai tr ca ti l thnh tu nhng hot ng ca ch Pht. Khi h nghe nhng li ny, lng tin v nim h lc bng n trong tri tim ca mi ngi. Cu b chp nhn li mi ca vua v i theo h. Nh vua nui cu b v a v cung in, nh vua phong cho cu b lm thi t. Vo lc Guru Rinpoche c gi l Padmasambhava (hay Padmakara), Lin Hoa Sanh. Thm mt ln na, nh vua v cc thn dn vui hng s thnh vng. Vua ban nhng tng phm ho phng cho tt c nhng ngi ngho kh trong quc gia. C nc u c hng hnh phc v an bnh. Thi t tr tui c hc nhiu b mn v xut sc trong vic hc tp v nhng cuc thi u in kinh. Sau ngi ci Dkini Prabhvat (Bc c nh sng) v phng s vng quc ph hp vi lut l ca Gio Php. Vo lc ngi c gi l Vua Shikhin (ng i Khn Xp). Guru Rinpoche bit rng bng cch phng s trong vai tr ca mt v vua, ngi s khng th phc v nhng nhu cu thc s, nhng li lc tm linh ca nhng ngi khc. Ngi thnh cu nh vua cho php ngi t b vng quc nhng b t chi. Sau ngi nhn ra nhng phng tin thin xo tu thot. Nh nng lc ca s tin tri, ngi nhn ra rng ci cht sp n vi con trai ca v thng th c c Kamata do nghip trc y ca cu b. V th trong khi h ang cng nhau nhy ma, Guru Rinpoche cho chic cha ba ca ngi tut khi tay v git cht cu b. Tht au bun, nh vua chiu theo lut l nghim khc ca vng quc v y ngi i lang thang trong cc hm m. Khi co t, Guru Rinpoche ht cho cha m ngi: Mc d him khi nhn ra thin tm ca cha m, Cc ngi chm sc con nh cha m v tn phong con. Con trai ca thng th cht di tay con bi mn n nghip ca n. Cho d con b trc xut, nhng khng c g phi s hi, bi con khng dnh mc iu g. Cho d con b t hnh, khng c g phi s hi, bi i vi con sinh v t u nh nhau.

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Tht l tuyt vi khi con b trc xut, bi i vi nh nc, lut l tht thing ling. Cha v m, xin li an lnh. Do mi lin h nghip, chng ta s cn gp li. Guru Rinpoche b y m a Shtavana. ngi thc hnh nhng bi tp b mt v nhn thy nhng Bn Tn ha bnh. K ngi i ti m a Rng Hoan h (Nandanavana; dGa Bai Tshal) v nhn nhng qun nh b mt t Dakini Marajita (bc iu phc nhng Th lc Tiu cc). Ngi i ti m a Sosadvipa v c Dkin Shntarakshit (bc Gi gn Ha bnh) gia h. Ch huy tp hi dkin, ngi th hng nhng gii lut b mt trong nhng m a khc nhau. Khi Ngi c gi l Shntarakshit (bc Gi gn An bnh). Ngi i ti o Dhanakosha, ngi ni vi cc dkin bng ngn ng biu tng ca h v t h di s ch huy ca ngi. Ti m a Parushakavana, trong khi thc hnh nhng bi tp b mt, ngi nhn thy linh kin thanh tnh v Vajravrh v nhn nhng gia h ca b. Vi nng lc gic ng, ngi iu phc cc nga (rng) trong mt i dng v cc za (xem ch thch 257) trong bu tri. Nhng dka v dkin tr tu ban nhng thnh tu cho ngi. Khi ngi c gi l Dorje Trakpo Tsal (S Phn n Kim cng Khng l). Ngi i ti Vajrsana (Bodhgaya, B o trng) v ph din nhiu iu huyn diu, tha nhn rng ngi l mt v Pht t-chng ng. Vi nhiu mc ch trong tm, ngi i ti x Sahor v nhn gii lut x ly t o s Prabhhasti. Khi ngi c gi l Shkyasimha (S t ca cc Shkya Thch Ca). Ngi nhn nhng gio l Yogatantra mi tm ln v nhn thy linh kin thanh tnh v cc Bn Tn Yogatantra. Ngi nhn qun nh t nand, mt dkin tr tu trong thn tng mt s c. B bin Guru Rinpoche thnh mt ch HM v b nut ch ny. Trong thn b Guru Rinpoche c ban cho ton b nhng qun nh Ngoi, Ni, v B mt, v b y ngi ra khi thn b qua padma (hoa sen, m h) ca b. Ti bo thp Deche Tsekpa, ngi nhn nhng qun nh v gio hun v tm mn la t tm Vidydhara (Tr minh vng), l Manjushrmitra, Ngrjuna, Hmkara, Vimalamitra, Prabhhasti, Dhanasamskrita, Rombuguhya, v Shantigarbha. Ngi nhn Guhyagarbha-tantra t Buddhaguhya, v i Vin mn, c bit l Nyingthig, t Manjushrmitra. Ti m a Tsubgyur Tsal, ngi gp Shrsimha v nghin cu cc tantra Me-ngagde v gio l Khandro Nyingthig trong hai mi lm nm.102 Ngi nhn thy nhng linh kin thanh tnh v nhiu bc linh thnh ngay c khi khng lm bt k thc hnh hay thin nh c bit no v cc v ny. Ngi t c trng thi ca v H tr tr tu vi d nghip (rNam sMin Rig Dzin). Khi ngi c gi l Loden Chokse (am m Siu vit Uyn bc). Theo truyn thng Kinh tha ca Pht gio, nhng giai on (cp ) thnh tu c phn loi theo mi cp (thp a) v nm con ng, v chng l nhng bc t c Pht qu. Trong nhng truyn thng Mt tha, nhng cp c phn ra hay phn loi bng nhng cch khc nhau. Hu ht cc Kinh in Mt tha ca phi Nyingma c bn thnh tu, c gi l nhng v h tr tr tu (tr minh vng, vidydhara).103

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V h tr tr tu vi nhng d nghip l v u tin trong bn v h tr tr tu. V ny c ba c tnh. Tm ngi ton thin hay thun thc nh Bn Tn, nhng nhng g cn li ca nghip qu v thn vt l th nng cha t b c, v ngay lp tc sau khi ri khi thn kh t (cht), ngi s t c v h tr tr tu ca du hiu ln (Phyag rGyai Rig Dzin), thnh tu th ba, m ti s tho lun sau ny. Ngi i ti x Sahor, ngi gp Cng cha Mandrav, con gi ca vua, khi ang thc hnh Php trong c tch nh mt s c. Bi ngha b mt ca mi quan h ca ngi vi cng cha b hiu lm, ngi b thiu sng trn mt gin thiu khng l theo lnh ca nh vua. Thay v b t chy, ngi bin ngn la thnh mt khi nc v nhin liu thnh mt hoa sen. Ngy hm sau, ngi ta nhn thy Guru Rinpoche ang ngi trn hoa sen gia h. Ngi ta tin rng ci h l H Rewalsar thuc Qun Mandi Himachal Pradesh min bc n .104 chuc li, vua x Sahor cng dng ngi vng min ca vua, o, v giy cng ton th vng quc, v Cng cha Mandrav l phi ngu tm linh ca ngi. Guru Rinpoche ban gio l cho vua v cc thn dn, v nhiu ngi t c chng ng. (Trong hu ht nhng miu t v Guru Rinpoche, ta thy ngi i m hoa sen, o chong khng tay bng gm thu, v i i giy do vua x Sahor cng dng biu th nng lc gic ng ca ngi.) Sau ngi v Mandrav i ti ng Mratika Nepal,105 v trong ba thng cc ngi thc hin sdhana trng th. c Pht Amityus xut hin trc cc ngi v ban qun nh trng th, nh cc ngi khng th xa la c Pht Amitayus. Cc ngi thnh tu trng thi ca v h tr tr tu (tr minh vng), l trng thi kim sot c i sng.106 Nh s thnh tu th hai ny, khng ch tm ngi c vin mn nh Bn Tn, m ngay c thn th nng ca ngi cng c ton thin. S thnh tu ny c c tnh l khng b bn nhim (Zag Pa). Bn nhim l nhng cm xc phin no ca t kin, s mt thn th (cht) m khng c s kim sot hay chn la, khng lm ch c s ha hp ca nhng yu t (t i) ca thn th (sc khe), v ti sinh theo nghip. Nhng v h tr tr tu th nht v th hai tng ng vi con ng ni qun, con ng th ba, v cp u tin trong h thng mi cp (thp a) ca truyn thng Kinh in. Trong cp ny qu v t b che chng ca nhng phin no thuc cm xc (phin no chng) (Nyon sGrib), ci u tin trong nhng che chng, che chng th hai l nhng che chng thuc tr thc (s tri chng). Sau , cng vi Mandrav, ngi tr v x Oddiyna. Trong khi cc ngi ang khi kht thc, ngi b nhn ra l ngi git con trai ca thng th. Bi ngi khng tun theo bn n trc xut, h thiu chy ngi v v phi ngu trong mt ng la khng l. Nhng mt ln na, ngy hm sau h tm thy c hai ang an ta trn mt hoa sen trong mt ci h, eo nhng vng s ngi quanh c. Sau ngi c gi l Pema Thtreng Tsal (Lin Hoa Sanh, eo Vng hoa-S ngi V i). Cng vi v phi ngu, Guru Rinpoche Oddiyna mi ba nm nh quc s ca vng quc, v ngi ban nhng qun nh v gio hun Kad Chkyi Gyatso. Nh vua v nhiu thn dn may mn t c chng ng siu vit v thnh tu thn nh sng. Sau ngi c gi l Padmarja (Vua Sanh Trong Hoa Sen). Guru Rinpoche t hin l l Indrasena,107 mt tu s thnh tu cng vi mt sa di ca ngi lm cho Hong Ashoka (th k th ba trc Cng nguyn) ci

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o sang Pht gio. Ashoka, nh cai tr v i nht ca lch s n , truyn b Pht php vt qua bin gii n . Mt vi ngi chng Pht gio dng thuc c cho Guru Rinpoche, nhng ngi vn bnh yn v s. Mt s ngi nm ngi xung sng Hng, nhng ngi c a ngc dng. Sau ngi c gi l Khyeu Khadeng Tsal (Chim Garuda Khng l Tr trung). Ti nhng m a khc nhau, k c Kula Dzok, ngi ban nhng gio l Mt in cho cc dkin, v ngi trch xut sinh lc t nhng tinh linh y nng lc, l nhng ngi m ngi ch nh l nhng v H Php. Ngi c gi l Sryarashmi (Nhng Tia Sng Mt tri). Ti Bodhgay, trong mt cuc tranh lun, ngi nh bi nm trm ngi gi nhng t kin. Khi h c gng chin thng ngi bng huyn thut, nh nng lc ca nhng thn ch ca Dkin Mrajit, n Bn Tn u s t, ngi lm cho huyn thut quay tr li h. Khi cc v Thy ny b buc phi im lng, ngi n nh cc ngi lng v khin h ci o sang Pht gio. V th ngi c gi l Simhanda (Ting Gm ca S t). Sau ti Yangle Sh, hin nay c gi l Pharping Nepal, cng vi v phi ngu Shkyadevi, con gi ca Vua Punyadhara (Ngi Gi gn c hnh) ca Nepal, ngi thc hnh sdhana ca mn la Yangdak (Shrheruka). Vo lc , tri khng ma trong ba nm bi nhng che chng do cc tinh linh hng mnh gy ra. Bnh tt v nn i lan rng. Ngi yu cu mang cc bn vn Vajrakla n v cho ngi. Khi hai kin hng ti ni, nhng tai ch gy au kh cho x s c lm yn du. K t c cu tc ng: Yangdak di do nhng thnh tu, nh mt thng gia. Nhng Vajrakla th cn thit cho s bo v, ging nh mt ngi lnh gc. Ngi v v phi ngu t c trng thi ca mt v h tr tr tu (Tr minh vng) ca i n (Phyag rGyai Rig Dzin; Vidydhara i n). Trong thnh tu ny thn cn bn ca hnh gi (hay thn thc s) trong hnh tng ca Bn Tn. lm li lc chng sinh, n xut hin trong nhng thn ha hin khc nhau. Nng lc ca s tin tri ca hnh gi v nhng nng lc khc th trong sng hn, thanh tnh hn, v kin c hn nng lc ca v Tr minh vng vi s lm ch i sng v tng t (nhng khng tng ng) vi nhng phm tnh ca thn h lc. y l s tng ng vi nhng chng ng ti cp th chn (cu a), v con ng thin nh, con ng th t ca truyn thng Pht gio thng thng. m a Sosadvpa, Guru Rinpoche, ngi l mt o s Mt tha thnh tu cao cp, nhn s trao truyn cng nhng gio l ca ba gio kha i Vin mn vi nhng tantra v Khandro Nyingthig t Shrsimha. Ngi tu tp nhng gio l ny trong ba nm v thnh tu thn nh sng ca s chuyn ha v i (Pho Ba Chen Po).108 Cc thin gi thnh tu i Vin mn cao cp nht lm cn kit mi s thnh chn tnh v hp nht tm h thnh bn tnh gic ng ti thng, s thun tnh nguyn s. Nu h quyt nh, h cng c th tan bin hay chuyn ha thn vt l ca mnh thnh s thun tnh. C hai phm tr chnh ca s thnh tu, l thn cu vng v thn cu vng ca s i chuyn ha. Nh s hon thnh thin nh ct t (Khreg Chod), vo lc h mt (sut thi gian vi ngy), thn h tan r v bin mt. H khng li t thi th nng gm tht, xng, hay da m ch li hai mi ci mng v tc ca thn th. Mc d y l mt s tan r ca thn v khng

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phi l mt s chuyn ha thn thnh mt thn nh sng, n c gi l thn cu vng, bi trong thi gian tin trnh tan r lun lun xut hin nhng chic lu, nhng vng cung, v nhng vng nh sng nhiu mu khc nhau nh cu vng quanh thn v nh . Nh thc hnh s tip cn trc tip (Thod rGal), h chuyn ha xc ca mnh thnh thn nh sng vi t v an tr cho ti khi c mt cng vic thc hin v li lc ca chng sinh. i vi mt ngi nh th, khng ch thn ca h m tt c nhng xut hin c tnh cht hin tng u chuyn ha thnh hnh thc v bn tnh ca nh sng vi t. Tuy nhin, nhng ngi bnh thng s khng nhn thy thn nh sng ca h nh n l, m s chng nhn thy g ht hay s thy n trong thn tng bnh thng, nh cp trc y trong chng v Vimalamitra. Cng c nhiu bc lo thng i Vin mn v i la b thn xc ca h trong hnh thc x li (Ring bSel), nhng hnh nh, v/hay nhng ch, nh i tng ca s cm hng v cc mn . Guru Rinpoche ving thm nhiu ni trn khp x n v nhiu x s v hn o, phng s chng sinh bng phng tin ca nng lc huyn diu v nhng gio l gic ng ca ngi. Thm ch ngi ving thm Zhangzhung, hin l l Tavihricha (Od Kyi Khyeu), v dy Dzogchen Nyen-gy,109 m hin nay c bit l mt trong nhng gio l chnh ca i Vin mn trong o Bn, dn dt nhiu chng sinh t c tm gic ng v thn nh sng. GURU RINPOCHE VING THM TY TNG Vo th k th chn, Vua Trisong Detsen, nh cai tr th ba mi by ca triu i Chgyal ca Ty Tng, ving thm Shntarakshita n vi nh cng c o Pht. Shntarakshita (Tch H), tu s trong dng truyn tha Sarvstivadin (Nht thit hu b), l mt trong nhng hc gi v ngi xng ni ting ca trit hc Svtantrika thuc i tha Pht gio. Trong s nhng tc phm ni ting ca ngi c Madhyamaklamkra (Trung qun trang nghim lun) v trit hc trung o v Tattvasamgraha (Nhip chn tht lun) v lun l. Sau khi n Ty Tng, trong su thng ngi ban nhng lun thuyt v mi thin hnh v l duyn khi, v t nn mng cho Tu vin Samye. iu ny kch ng cc tinh linh a phng ca Ty Tng, l nhng v bo h ca o Bn, tn gio bn x th phng cc tinh linh ny vi nhng vt hin t. Kt qu l Cung in Phangthang b l lt qut sch v Cung in i , cu trc nguyn thy ca Cung in Potala hin nay, b sm st tiu hy. Bnh tt, nn i, hn hn, v nhng trn bo ma lm x s khn kh. Tt c nhng g xy dng c vo ban ngy ti tu vin Samye u b nhng lc lng th ch ph hy ngay m y. Cc thng th chng Pht gio, l nhng ngi bt u phn i nh vua, yu cu ui Shntarakshita i. V th Shntarakshita ni vi nh vua: Ngi phi mi Guru Padmasambhava. V o s ny l bc lo thng uy dng nht ang sng trn tri t. Bi trong nhng i trc chng ta cng nhau lp nguyn nn s khng kh khn a ngi vo y. Sau Shntarakshita ri Ty Tng trong mt thi gian v i Nepal. Nh vua phi by s thn di s hng dn ca Nanam Dorje Ddjom i mi Guru Rinpoche. Nh ti tin tri, Guru Rinpoche bit c s mng ca h. Ngi n tn Mang-yl Kungthang v gp h . Ngi chp nhn li mi ca h nhng

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khuyn h tr v qu hng, bi sau ny ch thn ngi s ti. Ngi ri nhng ming vng c gi cho ngi nh tng phm ca nh vua, ngi ni: Nu ta cn vng th i vi ta, mi s hin hu hin tng u l vng. Ngi a mt nm ct cho cc s thn, v tt c chng bin thnh vng. Vo nm Kim Dn (810)110 Guru Rinpoche ti Ty Tng. Khi ngi hn mt ngn tui. Vi nng lc gic ng, ngi du hnh khp ba tnh ca Ty Tng: Ngari, tnh pha trn hay min ty; v Tsang, tnh trung tm; v Dokham, tnh pha di hay min ng. Khi ph din nhng iu huyn diu gic ng ca ngi ti nhiu ni Ty Tng, bng gii nguyn, ngi buc nhng tinh linh phi nhn hng mnh ca Ty Tng bo v Gio Php v nhng mn . Nhng v ny gm c mi hai tenma, mi ba gur-lha, v hai mi mt ge-nyen. Nh vua n tip Guru Rinpoche trong vn Tragmar Ombu. Khi Guru Rinpoche hin cng Cha Tragmar Drinzang, cc pho tng i ra i vo v n thc phm cng dng nh th chng l con ngi. Sau ngi i ti nh i Hepori v lm cho tt c nhng tinh linh ca Ty Tng nm di s ch huy ca ngi bng cch nhy ma qua bu tri bng nhng bc kim cng d di v biu l bi ca p o tt c nhng k kiu ngo: cc v tri v qu thn, hy xy dng ngi cha! Vi s khim tn v tun th, tt c hy t hp y lm vic! Hy hon thnh nhng c nguyn ca Trisong Detsen! Sau , vi s gip ca cc tinh linh, Tu vin Samye, Bc Khng th ngh bn, c xy dng m khng c tr ngi no. M phng theo Tu vin Odantapur ca n , Tu vin Samye c xy dng theo phc ha ca v tr n truyn thng. Ngi cha chnh gia c ba tng tng trng cho Ni Tu Di. Tng thp nht tng trng cho ci tnh Ha thn, c xy theo kiu kin trc111 n ; tng gia, tng trng cho Bo thn, theo kiu kin trc ca Trung quc; v tng trn cng, tng trng cho Php thn, theo kiu kin trc ca Ty Tng. bn hng ca ngi cha chnh l bn ngi cha ln tng trng cho bn i lc; tm ngi cha nh gia cc ngi cha ny tng trng cho tm tiu lc a. Hai ngi cha c xy pha ng v ty tng trng cho mt tri v mt trng. bn gc c bn i bo thp. Ni tm ra, thay qun o, v ch cng c sp xp. Mt bc tng cao bao quanh tt c nhng cu trc ny v c ph ln mt trm l tm bo thp nh. Bn ngoi bc tng l ba ngi cha ln do ba hong hu xy dng. Ton b cng trnh xy dng tu vin c hon tt trong nm nm. Guru Rinpoche v Shntarakshita c hnh l hin cng. Trong bui l, nhng du hiu tt lnh v huyn diu xut hin. Nhng pho tng cc Bn Tn trong cha i ra v i vo nh th chng ang sng. Mt trn ma hoa xung t bu tri trong tro. Ngi ta nghe thy m nhc ngt ngo v thnh thong h vn c nghe m nhc y. Nhng tia sng v lu cu vng un vng cung khp ni. Mi ngi tn thn vi s kinh ngc v sng m. Thc phm v nhng tr tiu khin c hin tng mi ngi th hng. Guru Rinpoche v Shntarakshita, nhng v Pht thc s trong thn tng con ngi, hin din trc mt mi ngi thuc mi tng lp x hi. nh sng ca Php c cng c Ty Tng trong nhiu th k. Khng c g khc ngoi s h lc v an bnh.

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Samye tr thnh a im quan trng nht ca s thin nh, th phng, ging dy, nghin cu, v sng tc. Samye l mt th vin, vin bo tng, v kho bu v i ca Kinh in Pht gio, cc php kh, v nhng kho tng v gi cng nhng phm vt c mang n t n , Trung quc, Nepal, v Trung . y l tr x ni cc o s v i thuyt ging, nhng t may mn tr thnh cc hc gi v bc lo thng thnh tu, v nhng hc gi n v Ty Tng phin dch nhng Kinh in Pht gio sang ting Ty Tng. Di s bo tr ca Vua Trisong Detsen, Tu vin trng Shntarakshita, Guru Rinpoche, o s Vimalamitra, v nhng hc gi n v Ty Tng khc, Pht gio c cng c vng chc Ty Tng. Nhng hc gi ban cc gio l v Kinh in ln Mt in, v nhiu ngi Ty Tng xut hin nh nhng hc gi v bc lo thng v i. Nhiu dch gi Ty Tng v i, chng hn nh Vairochana, Kawa Paltsek, Chok-ro Li Gyaltsen, v Zhang Yeshe De, phin dch nhiu Kinh in v Mt in sang ting Ty Tng di s gim st ca cc hc gi n v i nh Vimalamitra, Shntarakshita, Guru Rinpoche v Kamalashla. Shntarakshita lm l xut gia cho by thanh nin Ty Tng trong dng Sarvstivdin (Nht thit hu b) xem ngi Ty Tng c th sng cuc i tu s hay khng. Cc tu s ny c gi l by ngi th nghim. Sau s thnh cng ca h trong gii lut tu s, hng trm ngi khc i theo h, dn ti s hnh thnh ca mt trong nhng cng ng tu s v i nht trong th gii. Ngoi cc Nyingmapa, nhiu tu s Gelukpa cng c th phong trong dng Sarvstivdin, l dng c Shntarakshita mang sang Ty Tng. Guru Rinpoche ban cho nh vua v cc thn dn ca vua nhiu gio l, qun nh, v nhng ph chc tantra khc nhau, c bit l sdhana v i ca tm mn la (sGrub Pa bKa brGyad) m ngi nhn t tm o s v i n . Trong s nhiu ngi th nhn qun nh ny, tm v tr thnh nhng bc lo thng thnh tu ni ting ca tm sdhana ny. Trong thi k ny hai h thng tng l c thnh lp. Cc tu s khoc y mu vng ngh l nhng ngi c thn, sng trong cc tu vin, v nhng ngi mc y phc trng (bch y), tc di, l nhng hnh gi c s Mt tha, sng trong cc ngi cha v lng mc. Vic a h thng bch y c s mang li lc ca gio l n gia nh nhng ngi nam v n, khin cho Gio Php vn xa v c bo tn mc cn bn. Tri li, trong thi k sau ca Gio Php Ty Tng, cc trng phi khc tp trung hn na vo vic hc tp v thc hnh Pht gio gia cc tu s trong tu vin gi gn s thanh tnh ca gii lut. Guru Rinpoche v phi ngu Yeshe Tsogyal ca ngi du hnh khp Ty Tng nh nng lc thn diu v lm vic khng mt mi v hnh phc, s an ninh v tr tu ca ngi Ty Tng v chng sinh trong tng lai. Cc ngi thc hin nhng sdhana, gia h, v li nhng vt tch ca thn th, bn tay, v bn chn ca mnh. Cc ngi ct du nhiu terma. Mt s trong nhng thnh a quan trng m cc ngi ving thm v gia h l hai mi ngn ni tuyt v (Gangs Brag) Ngari, hai mi mt a im sdhana (sGrub gNas) v Tsang, hai mi lm a im hnh hng v i (gNas Chen) Dokham; ba (hay bn) x s n mt chnh yu (sBas Yul rGyal Mo), nm hm ni (Lung lNga), v ba thung lng (lJongs gSum).

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 mi ba a im khc nhau vi tn gi l Taktsang (Hang Cp), chng hn nh Mnkha Nering v Senge Dzong (hin nay Bhutan), Guru Rinpoche hin l trong mt thn tng phn n v ngi rng buc tt c nhng chng sinh phinhn cao v thp bng mnh lnh ca ngi. V th ngi c gi l Dorje Trol (Kim Cng Phn n Hoang d). Trong thi gian Guru Rinpoche ving thm Ty Tng, ngi hon thnh ba mc tiu chnh. Trc ht, nh chng ta tho lun trc y, nh s hin l ca nng lc tm linh, ngi lm an du nhng th lc ca con ngi v phi-nhn ang gy chng ngi cho vic thit lp nn mng ca Gio Php Ty Tng. Th hai, ngi mang Pht gio ni chung v c bit l s trao truyn gio l v nhng nng lc gia h ca tantra cho nhiu t Ty Tng ca ngi v nhng mn ca h. Th ba, ngn nga nhng gio l su xa v nhng i tng linh thnh khng tr nn ln xn, pha tp, hay b mai mt trong tng lai xa xm, v duy tr nhng nng lc gia h c ti mi cho cc mn tng lai, Guru Rinpoche v Yeshe Tsogyal ct du chng nh terma. Nh truyn thng terma ca Guru Rinpoche, ngay c trong hin ti, cc mn ca ngi ang nhn lnh cc gio l v tin tri tht hp thi vi nng lc gia h mi m. Trong th gii ny c nhiu h thng nhng khm ph huyn diu, do bi nng lc tm l, nng lc tinh thn, cc linh kin thanh tnh, v thm ch nng lc tm linh th yu, nhng s khm ph truyn thng terma ca Guru Rinpoche th qu l c nht v nh trong tin trnh v thc cht ca n. Khi vin dn nhng gii thch112 ca Dodrupchen tam, ti mun vit vi hng v iu ny. Guru Rinpoche ct du nhiu gio l nh terma, trong khi trao truyn nhng gio l b mt cho cc t chng ng ca ngi. l mt s ct du cc gio l v nhng thnh tu b mt nh terma trong bn tnh thanh tnh, s tnh gic ni ti ca tm thc ca cc t chng ng nh nng lc gic ng ca Guru Rinpoche vi nguyn c rng khi n thi im thch hp, terma c th c khm ph v s li lc ca chng sinh. Nh nng lc ca phng php ny nn ci c gi l s trao truyn y thc tm (gTad rGya), nhng khm ph thc s cc gio l c th thc hin c. Nh th, khi n lc lm li lc chng sinh bng mt gio l c bit, nhng ha thn ca cc t chng ng ca Guru Rinpoche khm ph terma, l gio l c o s trao truyn v ct du trong cc ngi trong mt i qu kh ca cc ngi. Nhng trao truyn terma c chuyn i bng su dng truyn tha: (1) trao truyn tm-gic ng-ti-tm-gic ng ca ch Pht, (2) trao truyn biu tng ca cc tr minh vng, (3) s khu truyn ca nhng t bnh thng, (4) trao truyn qun nh c nguyn hay s trao truyn y thc tm, (5) trao truyn qua s y thc c tnh cht tin tri, v (6) s ph chc cho cc dkini. Trong cc terma, do bi cch thc khm ph, c hai loi terma chnh. Th nht l terma t (Sa gTer). N bao gm s khm ph nhng vt liu thuc v t chng hn nh nhng ch biu tng (brDa Yig) c vit trn mt cun giy c gi l mt cun giy vng (Shog Ser). Tuy nhin, nhng ch biu tng ch tr thnh cha kha ca s khm ph; chng khng l gio l terma ch thc m cng khng phi l s trao truyn thnh tu, l iu ch xut hin t tm ca cc tertn. Khi tertn khm ph mt ch biu tng, ngi nhn thy hay thin nh ch biu tng

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hay hp nht tr tu trn tri ca ngi vi n, v nh nh thc nng lc ca s trao truyn tr tu ng kim cng ca Guru Rinpoche, l iu c ct du trong v tertn. Vic thin nh cc ch biu tng cho php v tertn gii m cc ch ca chng, v iu nh thc chnh s trao truyn c ct du ca cc gio l v thnh tu. Ngoi ra nhng ch biu tng, c nhng khm ph hng ngn bn vn trn vn, cc dc liu, hnh tng, v nhng php kh nghi l c khm ph t nhng tng , ao h, t, hay khng trung nh terma hay nh nhng cht th terma h tr (gTer rDzas). Loi th hai l terma tm (dGongs gTer). Nhng nguyn l chnh yu ca s ct du, trao truyn, v khm ph th tng t nh terma t, ngoi tr vic terma tm khng da trn s h tr bn ngoi hay h tr ca t, chng hn nh nhng cun giy vng, nh cha kha ca s khm ph. Trong nhiu trng hp ca terma tm, vic nhn thy hay nghe nhng ch hay m thanh biu tng trong cc linh kin to nn s khm ph nhng thng th vic khm ph khng nng ta vo bt k ngun mch bn ngoi no v khng dnh dng g ti nhng i tng thuc v t nh phng tin khm ph terma. Mt v tertn khm ph terma tm bng cch nh thc s trao truyn y thc-tm mt cch t nhin t s rng ln ca gic tnh ni ti ca tm ngi, khi hon cnh v thi gian chn mi. Cng c mt h thng quan trng th ba trong vic khm ph huyn b cc gio l c gi l linh kin thanh tnh (Dag sNang). Nhng gio l linh kin thanh tnh khng phi l terma. Chng ch n thun l nhng gio l do c Pht, cc Bn Tn, v cc v Thy ban cho trong nhng linh kin. Tuy nhin, c nhng trng hp cc gio l terma c khm ph hay xc nh l nhng gio l linh kin thanh tnh, v nh th, thc ra l nhng gio l terma ch khng phi l mt khm ph linh kin thanh tnh bnh thng. Lin quan ti nhng gio l Nyingthig, Guru Rinpoche truyn ring mi by tantra v Longsal-tantra Megagde ca Dzopa Chenpo, k c Khandro Nyingthig, cho Yeshe Tsogyal ti Tidro Zhot trong Thung lng Drikung. Sau ny, Chimphu gn Samye, khi Cng cha Pemasal, con gi ca Vua Trisong Detsen, mt lc tm tui, Guru Rinpoche dng nng lc ca ngi triu hi thc tr v thn xc. Khi c phc hi c thc, ngi giao ph cho c nhng gio hun v trao truyn ca Nyingthig nh di sn Gio Php ca c, v khi c mt, Guru Rinpoche ch dn cho Yeshe Tsogyal nh sau: y l thi im Vima Nyingthig lm li lc cc mn Nyingthig. Nhng khi Vima Nyingthig suy gim, Khandro Nyingthig s lm li lc con ngi. V th hy ct du cc gio l Khandro Nyingthig nh terma. Guru Rinpoche ni vi nh vua: Emaho! c vua v i, xin lng nghe ti: Nhng cng vic th gian khng c thc cht. Thay v quay cung khng ngi ngh trong vng au kh khng bit bao nhiu ln, Hy chc chn l s t c vng quyn bt dit ca vua Php thn. Hy nhn ra thc cht ca cc s vt, php gii ti thng v sanh. Hy an tr trong thc cht ca ni chn, s c tch trong nhng cnh rng. Hy tm kim thc cht ca nhng n tht, bn tnh ti thng, [s hp nht ca] quang minh v tnh Khng.

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Hy ngh ngi trong thc cht ca cn nh, bn tnh c hu ca tm. Hy to lp thc cht ca nh bp, s chnh nim v tnh gic. Hy pht trin thc cht ca kho tng, hai loi tm gic ng (B tm). Hy c thc cht ca ca ci, hai th tch tp. Hy n lc trong thc cht ca cc cng c, mi thin hnh. Hy c thc cht ca cng v ngi cha, lng bi mn i vi chng sinh. Hy duy tr cng v ngi m, bn tnh rng rang (trng khng). Hy c thc cht ca con ci, s bt kh phn ca cc giai on pht trin v thnh tu. Hy thin nh v thc cht ca v chng, s quang minh, i lc v v nim. Hy nhn thc cht ca bng hu, nhng gio l ca ng Thin Th. Hy tun th thc cht ca mn la, s quang minh bt bin. Hy vng li thc cht ca cc gio l, s iu phc tm ca chnh mnh. Hy nhn ra thc cht ca ci thy, s quang minh v tnh Khng bt bin. Hy an ngh trong thc cht ca thin nh, bn tnh ca tm, nh n l. Hy trit ph nhng m lm nh nguyn, thc cht ca nhng hot ng. Hy thnh tu thc cht ca nhng kt qu, s vin mn t nhin khng cn n lc. Ri ngi s hnh phc trong i ny ln i sau. V nhanh chng t c Pht qu.113 Theo ch th ca Guru Rinpoche, Yeshe Tsogyal ct du cc tantra v nhng gio hun Me-ngagde ti Senge Trak Bumthang ti Nepal v nhng gio l dnh cho cc kht s (Khandro Nyingthig) Tramo Trak ti Takpo Tanglung. Nhiu th k sau, Pema Ledreltsal (1291-1319?), ti sinh ca Cng cha Pemasal, ly ra terma Khandro Nyingthig c ct du ti Tramo Trak. Longchen Rabjam (13081363), tlku (ti sinh) k tip ca b, gnh vc vic ph bin rng ri gio l Nyingthig bng cch ging dy v bin son cc gio l . Trn tng hai ca ngi cha chnh ca Tu vin Samye, Guru Rinpoche ban cc gio l v truyn tm (ph chc) Longchen Nyingthig cho Vua Trisong Detsen, Khandro Yeshe Tsogyal, v Vairochana. Ngi ban nhng qun nh tin tri, ni rng nhng gio l ny s c Jigme Lingpa, mt tlku ca Vua Trisong Detsen v Vimalamitra, khm ph. Vua Trisong Detsen mt nm su mi chn tui. Thi t Mu-ne Tsepo l ngi k v nhng mt khi mi tr v c mt nm by (hay su) thng v c ngi em l Hong t Mutik Tsepo114 k tc. Sau khi Ty Tng nm mi lm nm v su thng, vo nm Mc Thn (864 sau Cng nguyn),115 khng lu ti nhng li khn cu ca Vua Mutri Tsepo v thn dn, cng vi nh vua v ng o cc mn , Guru Rinpoche ti o Kungthang Tnh Mang-yl ri Ty Tng i Zangdok Palri (Ni Mu-ng ), ci tnh c hin l ca ngi. Trn o Kungthang, nh vua than khc nhng li sau: Vua Trisong Detsen v tri. Guru x Oddiyna i ti ci tnh ca ngi. Mutri b b li Ty Tng.

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Th mng ca Vua cha qu ngn ngi. Thin tm ca Guru th qu gii hn. Cng c ca ta qu mng manh. Gi y gii lut ca nhng th ch Gio Php suy gim. Nim vui ca nhng thn dn Ty Tng b cn kit. Trong khi Guru v Vua cha cn hin din, Ti sao ta khng cht i!116 An i nh vua v cc thn dn ca ng, Guru Rinpoche ni: Trong khi ngi cn tr, hy n lc thc hnh Php, Bi kh lnh hi c Php khi gi. c vua v cc thn dn, cuc i th thong qua. Khi ngi c mt t tng th thin, hy nhn vo ch th [tm], Hy th thn t nhin khng c nhng phn bit. c vua v cc thn dn, iu chnh yu l xc nh ci thy (kin).. Nu khng c lng bi mn, ci gc vic tu tp Php ca ngi b mc nt. Hy suy ngh khng ngng v tnh cht au kh ca sinh t. c vua v cc thn dn, ng tr hon vic hin dng cho Php. Nhng ngi sng m t thn thnh tu mc ch ca mnh. Khng c l do no bin minh cho vic b mc s thc hnh Php cho ngi khc.. Hy t c kinh nghim v Php trc khi ngi mt. L qu tr khi ngi trng cy vo nhng bui l sau ci cht.. i vi nhng ngi sng m, Padmasambhava khng i bt k ni u. i vi nhng ngi cu nguyn ta, ta [lun lun] ca nh h.. Gi y Padmasambhava s khng Ty Tng m s i ti x ca cc la st, Nh nhng con chim bay i t nhng ngn cy.117 T khng trung gia nhng m my nhiu mu sc mt con nga thing vi nhng vt trang sc xut hin. Ci trn lng nga, Guru Rinpoche ni ln v hng ln bu tri, ngi bay v hng ty cng vi Yeshe Tsogyal v mt i dng nhng bc linh thnh gia m thanh ngt ngo ca m nhc v nhng bi tn ca. Hnh nh ca Guru Rinpoche v on ca ngi mi lc mt nh hn khi h bay i, v ting nhc t t bin mt. Ri khng cn g khc ngoi bu tri yn tnh, trong tro v trng tri ca x Ty Tng trn u nh vua v hi chng thn dn ca ngi. Tuy nhin, ngi ta c nhng tri gic khc nhau v vic ln ng ca ngi. Mt s ngi nhn thy ngi ra i bng cch ci trn mt con s t v nhng ngi khc th thy ngi ci trn nhng tia sng mt tri. Sau Guru Rinpoche v Yeshe Tsogyal p xung hang ng Tsawa Rong. Sau khi ban thm gio l v tin tri, ngi xut hin trn khng trung vi nhng nh sng. T gi v phi ngu, vi lng thng yu v thin tm Guru Rinpoche ni nhng li sau y vi b ri bay i: Kyema, Yeshe Tsogyal, xin hy lng nghe! Padmasambhava i ti x s ca i lc.

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Ta an tr trong Php thn, s thing ling bt t. Khng ging s chia la thn v tm [vo lc cht] ca nhng ngi bnh thng.. Hy thin nh v Guru Yoga, l tinh yu ca vic tu tp. Trn nh u con 0,6 m, trn hoa sen v mt trng, gia nhng nh sng, Hy qun tng Padmasambhava, Lt ma ca chng sinh.. Khi vic qun tng tr nn r rng, hy nhn cc qun nh v suy nim v n.. Hy tng thn ch Guru siddhi, tm yu ca nhng li cu nguyn. Cui cng, hy hp nht ba ca (thn, ng v tm) ca con vi ba ca ca ta, khng th chia la. Hy hi hng v nguyn c t c chng ng tm ca Guru. Hy suy nim v tinh ty ca Dzogchen (i Vin mn) m khng cn dng cng. Khng c gio l no siu vit hn gio l ny. Lng t ca Padmasambhava khng xut hin hay bin mt m lun lun hin din. S ni kt nh sng lng i bi ca ta i vi Ty Tng s khng bao gi b ct t [ngay c sau khi ta ri i]. i vi cc con ta, nhng ngi cu nguyn ta, ta lun lun trc mt h. i vi nhng ngi c lng tin, khng c s chia cch vi ta.118 Ngi ta tin rng Guru Rinpoche vn hin din nh bc h tr tr tu (Tr minh vng) ca s thnh tu t nhin (Lhun Grug Rig Dzin)119 Zangdok Palri, mt ci tnh hin l (sPrul Bai Zhing), m chng sinh bnh thng khng th nhn thy. V h tr tr tu ca s thnh tu t nhin l cp th t v nm ca s thnh tu, trc khi lp tc tr thnh mt v Pht ton gic. Nhng chng ng v hot ng ca qu v ny th ging nh nhng chng ng v hot ng ca mt v Pht, v nhng thn tng ca qu v ny th tng t nhng thn tng ca thn h lc. Thnh tu ny tng ng vi cp th mi v con ng thin nh, con ng th t ca Pht gio thng thng. Ngoi ra, trong cc thnh tu th ba v th t, hnh gi t b nhng che chng tri thc (s tri chng) cng nhng du vt ca n. V th Guru Rinpoche l mt v Pht trong tm nhng xut hin nh mt bc lo thng ang nhng cp cui cng ca s thnh tu, khng tan bin vo Php thn, bng cch mang hnh thc ca thn nh sng ca s i chuyn ha. Guru Rinpoche s an tr trong ci tnh hin l ca ngi chng no iu cn lm li lc nhiu chng sinh, v th ngi hin l l mt bc lo thng, bc t c nhng thnh tu thn kim cng bt t v s i chuyn ha. Trong nhiu t ca Guru Rinpoche Ty Tng, nhng bc v i nht l c vua v hai mi lm thn dn, tm mi bc lo thng, l nhng v t c thn cu vng Yerpa, mt trm l tm i thin gi ca Ni Chuwo, ba mi tntrika v i ca Yangdzong trong Thung lng Drak, nm mi lm bc chng ng ti Sheltrak trong Thung lng Yarlung, hai mi lm dkin, v by yogin. Ngi c nhiu n t chng ng cao cp Ty Tng.120 Tisam thuc gia nh Dro bay trong khng trung nh nng lc tm linh ca b. Rinchentso thuc gia nh Mago treo nhng chic y ca b trn nhng tia sng mt tri. Kargyalpak thuc gia

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nh Oche nhn thy nhng linh kin v cc Bn Tn. Changchup thuc gia nh Chok-ro ph din ng thi c hai s i lp l la v nc trong thn b. Khandro Yeshe Tsogyal thuc gia nh Kharchen hin l s hin din ca ch Pht trong nhng b phn khc nhau ca thn b. Lhakarma thuc gia nh Dzin bay trong khng trung v i vo lng t khng gp chng ngi. Sherap Phagma thuc gia nh Shuk gi nhng tuyn tp ln gio l ca c Pht trong k c ca b. Lhamoyang thuc gia nh Ba hon thnh nhng c nguyn ca con ngi nh nng lc ca vic hon thin thin nh ca b. Dorjetso thuc gia nh Shelkar ng trn mt cy tre vt Sng Tsangpo (Brahmaputra).

NM PHI NGU CHNH CA GURU RINPOCHE121

YESHE TSOGYAL X TY TNG Yeshe Tsogyal l c Pht Vajravrh trong thn tng con ngi v cng l mt ha thn ca c Tr v Buddhalochan. B ra i gia nhng du hiu k diu ti Dragda, trong b tc Kharchen. Thn ph b l Namkha Yeshe, vua ca Kharchen, mt lnh a quan trng min trung Ty Tng, v thn mu l Gewa Bum. Lc b sinh ra, mt ci h ln thnh lnh hnh thnh bn cnh nh. N c gi l Tsogyal Latso, hay h linh ca Tsogyal. Thm ch hin nay cng c mt ci ao, l nhng g cn li ca ci h. Khi l mt a tr, b in du vt ca bn chn trn mt tng gn nh, v cho ti gn y ngi ta vn c th nhn thy du vt . Lc u b tr thnh mt trong nhng phi ngu ca Vua Trisong Detsen, vua Ty Tng. V sau vua dng b cho Guru Rinpoche nh vic cng dng mn la trc khi nhn l qun nh, v b tr thnh phi ngu ca Guru Rinpoche. Khi b nhn qun nh t Guru Rinpoche, hoa ca b p xung mn la Vajrakla. Nh thc hnh sdhana ca Vajrakla, b nhn thy linh kin thanh tnh v Vajrakla v t c nhng thnh tu. B lm hi sinh nhiu ngi b git cht trong khi chin u. Ti Nepal, b lm mt cu b cht sng li, v sau vi vng m b c cng dng vi lng bit n, b tr tin chuc chraya Sa-le, ngi c tin tri l ngi h tr cho vic tu tp b mt ca b. B nhn hu ht nhng gio l m Guru Rinpoche ban Ty Tng, v nh thc hnh nhng gio l y b t c chng ng ti thng. Cng vi Guru Rinpoche b du hnh khp Ty Tng bng nng lc huyn diu ca cc ngi, thin nh hng trm a im, v gia h cho nhng ni nh nhng a im nng lc. Bi thnh tu tr nh khng qun (Mi brJed Pai gZungs), nh nng lc ca tr nh, b thu thp nhng gio l bao la khng th ngh bn m Guru Rinpoche ban truyn Ty Tng. Theo lnh ca Guru Rinpoche, b ct du cc gio l nhng a im khc nhau nh terma, nhng kho tng n du v li lc ca cc mn tng lai. c bit l ti Tidro x Zhot trong Thung lng Drikung, b nhn lnh Khandro Nyingthig, cc gio l b mt thm su ca i Vin mn, v sau ny chn du cc gio l y nh terma.

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Yeshe Tsogyal Ty Tng nhiu nm sau khi Guru Rinpoche ri x ny, chn du li cc terma nhng a im khc nhau. Cui cng, t Shang Zabulung b v Klasiddhi v Tashi Chidren, thay v li thn xc, bay qua khng trung ti Zangdok Palri, ci tnh hin l ca Guru Rinpoche. Cc mn ca Guru Rinpoche coi Yeshe Tsogyal nh mt ngi c s duyn dng v thin tm v song ca mt b m i vi h v vi ngi dn Ty Tng. CNG CHA MANDRAV X SAHOR Mandrav, mt ha thn ca Dhtvshvar, ra i gia nhng du hiu k diu ti Cung in Ratnapur x Sahor. Hu ht cc hc gi ng rng Sahor l a im m ngy nay c gi l Mandi Himachal Pradesh, min bc n . Thn ph b l Vua rshadhara v thn mu l Hauki. Ting tm v sc p ca b khin cho nhiu v thng th n triu nh khn cu v e da b lm phi ngu cho vua ca h. B rt phin lng v nhng iu ny. B cm thy v cng nhm chn i sng th gian. V th khng ai c th ngn cn b t b i sng ca mt gia ch v tr thnh mt n tu s. Nh nng lc ca s tin tri, Guru Rinpoche nhn thy ti lc gp Mandrav. Ngi i ti tu vin ni b v nm trm th n ca b ang sng nh cc s c, v ngi ban cho h cc gio l. y, nhng bo co him c c trnh cho nh vua. Vua ra lnh thiu sng Guru Rinpoche trn gin ha khng l v Mandrav b nm vo mt ci hm y gai. Nh nng lc gic ng, Guru Rinpoche bin la thnh mt ci h. gia ngn la, ngi ta thy Guru Rinpoche ang an ta trn mt hoa sen. Ci h c cho l H Rewalsar Qun Mandi v hin nay vn l mt a im hnh hng ni ting. Sau , vi s thng hi v nim tin mi c tri nghim, nh vua v cc thng th van xin Guru Rinpoche tha th nhng hnh ng xu xa ca h v dng cho ngi vng quc cng vi Cng cha Mandrav. Ti vng quc Sahor, Guru Rinpoche ban nhng gio l Mt tha v nhiu ngi, trong c nh vua, cng cha, v cc thng th, t c trng thi ca nhng v h tr tr tu (Tr minh vng). Mandrav tr thnh phi ngu tm linh ca Guru Rinpoche. Guru Rinpoche v Mandrav i ti ng Mratika, hin nay c cho l hang ng Haileshi Sagarmatha Nepal, v thin nh v c Amityus, c Pht V Lng Th. Cc ngi trng thy linh kin v c Pht V Lng Th v thnh tu v h tr tr tu vi vic lm ch sinh mng. Mandrav hin mnh cho s li lc ca chng sinh ti n , v Guru Rinpoche i ti Ty Tng. Mandrav cng c hai ln ving thm Ty Tng bng nng lc huyn diu ca b v sng trong thn nh sng-kim cng. CNG CHA SHKYADEV X NEPAL Shkyadev l mt ha thn ca Mmak. Thn ph b l mt v vua tn l Punyadhara Nepal, nhng sau khi thn mu mt khi b cn th u, b b b trong mt m a cng vi t thi ca m b. B c b mt a ln di s chm sc ca nhng con kh v c mi du hiu tt lnh ca mt dkin.

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V sau b gp Guru Rinpoche v nhn nhng gio l t ngi. B tr thnh ngi h tr tm linh cho Guru Rinpoche thin nh v Chn Bn Tn Yangdak (Shrheruka) ti Yangle Sh, hin nay c gi l Pharping, trong Thung lng Kathmandu. Guru Rinpoche t c s chng ng mahmudr (i n), v Shkyadev t c nhng thnh tu ca Mmak. Lc cui i b t c thn nh sng kim cng. Vi s h tr ca Shkyadev, Guru Rinpoche hin l trong nhiu thn tng p ng c nguyn ca nhng ngi sng m, v ngi c gi bng hai mi danh hiu biu th nhng nng lc huyn diu khc nhau ca ngi. Chnh b l ngi u tin truyn cm hng cho Guru Rinpoche trong truyn thng chn du nhng gio l nh terma, v th chng ta, nhng mn ca Guru Rinpoche, c bit bit n b. KLASIDDHI X N Klasiddhi, mt ha thn ca Pndaravsin, sinh lm con gi ca nhng ngi dt vi trong tnh Ngathupchen n vi mi du hiu ca mt dkin. Thn mu b mt khi b cn nh, v b b b li trong m a cng vi t thi ca m b. Khi y Cng cha Mandrav ang thc hnh trong rng, t bin thnh mt con cp ci, tm ra a b b b li v a em b ln. Khi Klasiddhi trng thnh, Guru Rinpoche nhn thy b c th tr thnh t ca ngi. Guru Rinpoche hin l l mt v Thy tn l Saukhyadeva (Phan bDei Lha) v ban cho b cc qun nh v gio l. Sau , ti rng Trawachen, cc ngi cng nhau thc hnh nhng phng tin thin xo. Sau ny, Klasiddhi gia h cho mt a con trai ca mt nng dn x Ngathupchen v tr thnh o s Hmkara, mt trong nhng o s Mt tha ni danh nht ca Pht gio n . Vo cui i b t c thn hp nht ca i lc v tnh Khng v i ti Zangdok Palri m khng li thn xc. TASHI KHYIDREN X MN Tashi Khyidren (hay Tashi Chidren), mt ha thn ca Samayatr, sinh ti Tsaok Mn. Mn l tn gi ca vng ni Hy m lp sn min nam Ty Tng, tip gip n , k c Sikkim v Bhutan. Nim tin Php ca b c nh thc trong thi th u. Sau , c cm hng bi tin tri ca mt dkin xut hin vi b trong mt gic m, b i ti Lhotrak min nam Ty Tng. B gp Yeshe Tsogyal v nhn cc qun nh v gio l t n o s ny. V sau b gp Guru Rinpoche v c ngi ban cho tinh ty ca nhng gio hun su xa. Nh thc hnh, b t c nhng thnh tu b mt, v b tr thnh phi ngu-hnh ng ca Guru Rinpoche. Ti Patro Taktsang Bhutan, Guru Rinpoche thc hnh sdhana Vajrakla vi b. Khi ngi hin l l Dorje Trol, b t bin mnh thnh mt con cp ci v tr thnh nga ci ca ngi. Cc ngi cng kt buc mi tinh linh phi-nhn hng mnh ca Ty Tng bng li nguyn. B gip ngi chn du nhiu terma. Ngoi Yeshe Tsogyal ra, Tashi Khyidren l dkin kh i nht i vi x Ty Tng. Sau ny b i ti ci tnh Zangdok Palri m khng li thn xc.

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NHNG T CHNH CA GURU RINPOCHE TY TNG122

C hai truyn thng v cch tnh hai mi lm t chnh ca Guru Rinpoche Ty Tng, c gi l vua v hai mi lm thn dn (rJe Bangs Nyer lNga). Theo mt truyn thng, cc ngi l vua v hai mi bn thn dn, gm c Yudra Nyingpo hay Kharchen Palkyi Wangchuk. Truyn thng khc v cch tnh l vua cng thm vi hai mi lm thn dn, trong gm c Yudra Nyingpo v Kharchen Palkyi Wangchuk. y chng ti theo truyn thng th hai. VUA TRISONG DETSEN Vua Trisong Detsen (790-858 sau Cng nguyn)123 l bc tr v th ba mi by ca Ty Tng trong triu i Chgyal (Php Vng), l triu i c bt u vi Vua Nyatri Tsenpo. Nyatri c tin l mt hong t x n , ngi tr thnh v vua u tin ca Ty Tng vo nm 127 trc Cng nguyn. Vua Trisong l nam t ca Vua Me Aktsomchen v Cng cha Chin Cheng Kun Chu, con gi ca Vua Li Lung Chi ca Trung quc. Nm mi ba tui, ngi c tn phong l vua th ba mi by ca Ty Tng. Ngi l mt nh cai tr khn ngoan v y nng lc m rng vng quc ca ngi vt xa cc bin gii trc ca Ty Tng. Ngi ving thm Shntarakshita, hc gi i tha ni ting x n , thit lp Pht Php Ty Tng v xy dng Tu vin Samye. Nhng nhng tr ngi xut hin trong hnh thc nhng tinh linh tiu cc v nhng thng th chng li Pht gio Ty Tng, v cc ngi khng th thc hin c k hoch. Sau Shntarakshita lm mt tin tri, theo nh vua thnh mi Guru Padmasambhava, bc v i nht trong cc tntrika (hnh gi Mt tha) ca Pht gio n vo thi , n Ty Tng. Guru n Ty Tng, iu phc mi chng ngi do con ngi v phi-nhn gy ra bng nng lc gic ng ca ngi, v buc tt c nhng tinh linh Ty Tng phi phng s Php. T x Ty Tng gi Guru Padmasambhava l Guru Rinpoche, o s Tn qu. Sau , i Tu vin Samye hon thnh trong nm nm. Mt trm l tm hc gi n , trong c Guru Rinpoche, Shntarakshita, v Vimalamitra, v nhng hc gi-dch gi Ty Tng k c Vairochana, Kawa Paltsek, Chok-ro Lui Gyaltsen, v Zang Yeshe De, dch v s Kinh in ca Tiu tha, i tha, v Kim cng tha t cc ngn ng n , ch yu l t Phn ng. nhiu ni, nhng t chc c xy dng nghin cu v tu tp cc gio l Kinh in v Mt in. Ti Samye Chimphu, Guru Rinpoche ban nhng qun nh ca cc sdhana v i ca tm mn la (sGrub P Chen Po bKa brGyad) ca Mahyoga cho cc t chnh ca ngi, vua v hai mi lm thn dn. Nh thc hnh cc sdhana ca cc Bn Tn bo h khc nhau, tt c cc ngi t c nhng thnh tu. Trong l qun nh, hoa cng dng ca nh vua ri trn mn la Chechok Deshek Dpa, mt trong tm mn la. Vic nm mt bng hoa ln mt nhm mn la gip cho t xc nh Bn Tn bo h thch hp thc hnh. Nh thc hnh sdhana ca Chechok (Mahottaraheruka/Vajramahheruka), vua thnh tu thin nh kin c.

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Nhng tc phm vn hc ca ngi gm c Ka Yangtakpe Tsema v Bumtik. Bng nng lc, ngi a x li ca c Pht t Magadha (Ma kit ) min trung n v xy dng nhiu ngi cha v bo thp lu gi x li. Nh vua mt tui nm mi lm (hay nm mi chn). Sau khi mt, ngi ti sinh lm nhiu i hc gi, thnh nhn, v tertn, gi gn v truyn b Gio Php cho nhng mn trong tng lai. Trong s nhng ti sinh ca ngi c Sangye Lama (1000-1080?), Nyang Nyima zer (1124-1192), Guru Chwang (1212-1270), Ogyen Lingpa (1329-1360/7), Pema Wangyal (1487-1542), Tashi Tobgyal (1550-1602), v t Lai Lt Ma th nm (1617-1682). Jigme Lingpa (17301798) v Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892) l nhng ha thn ca nh vua v Vimalamitra. Vua c ba con trai v hai con gi.124 Tt c cc con ngi u l nhng i t ca Guru Rinpoche v nhng nhn vt quan trng trong dng truyn tha ca Gio Php. Tuy nhin, trong lch s c nhng khc bit v con s, tn, v mc thm nin ca cc con trai ca ngi. Mt vi hc gi ng rng ngi c ba con trai v ngi ln tui nht l Mu-ne Tsepo, con trai gia l Murup (hay Murum) Tsepo, v con trai nh nht l Mutik (hay Mutri) Tsepo. Khi Vua Trisong Detsen hai mi tui, Hong hu Tsepongza h sinh thi t Mu-ne Tsepo. Mu-ne nhn cc gio l v qun nh t Guru Rinpoche v thc hnh chng. Nm bn mi by tui, thi t tr thnh bc tr v th ba mi tm ca Ty Tng, nhng ngi mt sau khi tr v cha ti hai nm. Trong triu i ngn ngi ca ngi, ngoi vic thit lp nhiu t chc Pht Gio, ngi c bit c bit ti l, ngi ba ln c gng phn pht ca ci ng u cho ngi giu v ngi ngho. iu ng ch l Rahula Sankritayana (1893-1903), mt i hc gi Pht Gio ngi n , thm ch tng mt trong nhng quyn sch ca ng cho Thi t Mu-ne Tsepo, ni rng thi t l ngi u tin theo ch ngha x hi, mt v vua theo ch ngha x hi, trong th gii. Trong s nhng ha thn ca Mu-ne Tsepo c Tlku Zangpo Trakpa (th k 14), Drikung Rinchen Phntsok (1509-1557), v Yonge Mingyur Dorje (1628-?). Khi vua Trisong Detsen hai mi hai tui, Hong hu Tsepongza125 h sanh Hong t Murup (hay Murum) Tsepo, tc l Lha-se Tamdzin Yeshe Rlpatsal. Hong t nhn nhng gio l v qun nh t Guru Rinpoche v nhng v Thy khc. Ngi tr thnh mt i hc gi ca cc tantra, v nh thc hnh sdhana Vajrakla, ngi tr thnh mt bc i lo thng. Ngi cng c Guru Rinpoche giao ph gio kha Lama Gongd. Bi ri ro, ngi lm cht con trai ca mt thng th v b y ti pha bc bin gii Ty Tng v Trung quc lm mt nh ch huy qun i trong chn nm. Sau ny ngi sng Kongpo. Di s ch huy ca ngi, ngi Ty Tng nh bi cc lc lng Trung quc v Th nh k. Vo cui i, ngi bin thnh thn nh sng. Trong s nhng ha thn ca ngi c Sangye Lingpa (1340-1396), ngi khm ph Lama Gongd, Zhikpo Lingpa (1464-1523), Pema Norbu (1679-1757), Dodrupchen Jigme Thrinle zer (1745-1821), v Chogyur Dechen Lingpa (1829-1870). Hong hu Tsepongza h sinh cng cha Nujin Sa-le sinh lm con ca. Ti khng tm c bi vit no v cuc i ca b. Cng cha Pemasal sinh lm con Hong hu Dromza Changchup. Tuy nhin, c mt nm ln tm tui. Guru Rinpoche vit mt ch NRI mu ni tim t thi ca

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b, v nh nng lc gic ng ca ngi, ngi triu hi tm thc b tr v thn xc. Khi b sng li v c th ni c, Guru ban cho b qun nh Khandro Nyingthig v ban cho danh hiu b mt l Pema Ledreltsal. Ngi t chic hp ng gio l Khandro Nyingthig ln u b v ni li nguyn c sau y: Trong tng lai cu mong con tm ra gio l ny, v cu mong n lm li lc cho nhiu chng sinh. Sau ngi ghi li nhng s kin ny v yu cu Khandro Yeshe Tsogyal ct du gio l Khandro Nyingthig cho nhng mn tng lai. Sau cc bn vn c ct du hai a im khc nhau. Cc gio l phc tp c ct du ti tng ging-s t Bumthang h v nhng gio l c ng su xa ca cc tantra Nyingthig dnh cho nhng ngi kht thc c ct du ti Tanglung Tramo Trak trong Thung lng Takpo. Sau cc gio l c giao ph cho cc dkin o s-kho tng v cc v bo h Za v Mamo, nhng v c Guru Rinpoche ch th truyn nhng gio l ny cho v tertn thch hp trong tng lai. Trong s cc ha thn ca b c Pema Ledreltsal (1291-1319?), ngi khm ph gio l Khandro Nyingthig t Tanglung Tramo Trak, Longchen Rabjam (13081368), bc truyn b gio l bng cch sng tc v ging dy; Pema Lingpa (1450-1521); v Lhatsn Namkha Jigme (1597-?) Khi nh vua nm mi chn tui, Hong hu Droza Changchup h sanh Hong t Mutik (hay Mutri) Tsepo, tc l Senalek Jing-yn. Hong t tr thnh vua th ba mi chn ca Ty Tng. Ngi nhn nhng gio l v trao truyn t Guru Rinpoche v t c nhng thnh tu cao cp. Ngi l cha ca nm con trai: Tsangma, Gyalse Lhaje (cn c gi l Choktrup Gyalpo), Lhndrup, Tri Ralpachen, vua th bn mi, v Lang Darma, vua th bn mi mt v cui cng ca triu i Chgyal. Nh cp trn, Mutri l vua Ty Tng khi Guru Rinpoche t gi x ny. Trong s nhng ha thn ca ngi c Guru Jotse, Karma Chagme (1613-1678), Zhechen Rabjam Tenpe Gyaltsen (1650-1704), v Apang Terton (?-1945). HAI MI LM THN DN ( T) CA GURU RINPOCHE TY TNG126 1. Nupchen Sangye Yeshe sinh ti Thung lng Drak trong b tc Nup. T nm ln by ngi hc vi Otren Palkyi Zhnu v tr thnh mt o s ca cc tantra. Khi ngi nhn qun nh sdhana v i ca tm mn la t Guru Rinpoche, hoa ca ngi ri trn mn la Yamntaka, c Vn Th Phn n, l mn la thn ca tt c ch Pht. Sau khi thc hnh trong hai mi mt ngy, ngi nhn thy linh kin thanh tnh ca Bn Tn. Bng nng lc huyn diu ca ngi, ngi hy dit ba mi by ngi lng trong Thung lng Drak v thiu chy lc lng ca h bng la thn diu ca ngi. Trong hang ng Drak Yangdzong cng vi phurbu (dao nghi l thn diu, kla) bng g, ngi m vo tng nh th m vo bn. Nm 1956, khi ti n ving thm a im th phurbu vn cn trong tng . Nupchen ving thm n , Nepal, v Trusha ( Trung ) by ln v nhn cc gio l t Shrsimha, Vimalamitra, Shntigarbha, Dhanashla, Vasudhara, v Chetsen Kye. Ty Tng ngi nhn nhng gio l khc nhau t Nyak Jnnakumra, Sokpo Palkyi Yeshe, v Zhang Gyalwe Ynten. Nhng trao truyn Mt tha ca Mahyoga, Anuyoga, v Semde (gio kha v tm) ca Atiyoga c hi t trong ngi.

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Khi Vua c Lang Darma bt u hy dit Gio Php Ty Tng, vua mi Nupchen v cc t ca ngi ti v hi ngi: ng c loi nng lc no? Nupchen ni: Xin tun theo nng lc ca ti c c nh vic tr tng mt thn ch, v ngi a bn tay ln trn u ngi trong mt c ch gic gi. Nh vua nhn thy trn u ca Nupchen chn con b cp ln bng nhng con b yak. Nh vua s hi ku ln: Nupchen, ti s khng lm hi cc tntrika cao qu. Nupchen ni: Xin cng nhn iu ny, v trong mt c ch thc dc ngi ch tay vo mt tng , v st nh xung, ch tng thnh nhiu mnh. Nh vua s hi ni: Ti s khng lm hi ngi v cc mn ca ngi, v ng ta th h ra. Nh Nupchen, Vua Lang Darma khng hy dit gio l Mt tha v nhng mn bch y, tc di. Nupchen l ngi th hai trong ba ngi v i nht th nhn (Babs Sa) ca tantra, l nhng ngi trao truyn v truyn b cc gio l Mahyoga, Anuyoga, v Semde ca Atiyoga thuc truyn thng Niyngma ca Ty Tng. Ngi u tin l Nyak Jnnakumra, mt trong nhng t chnh ca Guru Rinpoche. Ba o s ca b tc Zur cng c tnh l ngi th ba. l Zurchen Shkya Jungne, chu ca ngi l Zurchung Sherap Trakpa, v Zur Shkya Senge, con trai ca Zurchung. Nupchen c nhiu t gm c Khulung Ynten Gyatso, v ngi bin son nhiu bn vn quan trng. Ngi sng ti 130 tui, mc d c nhng bn vn khc ni rng ngi mt tui 111 hay 113. Ngi sng trong thi i ca Ngadak Palkhortsen, chu ca Vua Lang Darma, v chnh ngi vit trong mt tc phm ca ngi: Ta, Sangye, v Thy tr tui x Nup, sng n tui mt trm ba mi. Trong s nhng ha thn ca ngi c Dumgya Zhingtrom, Tri-me Knga (cui th k 14), Tsasum Lingpa (u th k 15), v Sangdak Thrinle Lhndrup (16111662). 2. Gyalwa Chok-yang sinh ti Phen-yul trong b tc Ngen-lam. Ngi th gii c tc vi Shntarakshita trong nhm by ngi Ty Tng u tin th gii xut gia. Ngi ni danh v i sng gii lut. Khi ngi nhn qun nh sdhana v i ca tm mn la t Guru Rinpoche, hoa ca ngi ri xung mn la Hayagrva. Hayagrva l hin thn ca ng ca ch Pht. Ngi thc hnh sdhana ca Hayagrva ti Wentsa, v ngi t bin thnh Bn Tn Hayagrva, v nghe ting h ca con nga trn nh u ngi. Ngi cng t c nng lc lm ch i sng. Khi Ngadak Palkhortsen, chu ca Vua Lang Darma b bnh, Gyalwa Chok-yang c hnh Gyalpo Tsed, v Ngadak hi phc. Trong s cc ha thn ca ngi c Guru Tseten (th k 13), Gyatn Pema Wangchuk (th k 13), v Thekchen Lingpa (1700-1775/6). Karma Pakshi (12061283), Karmapa nh, tha nhn mnh l mt ha thn ca v lo thng ny. 3. Namkhe Nyingpo sinh ti Lhotrak trong b tc Nup. Ngi cng c Shntarakshita ban gii nguyn tu s. Trong khi nhn qun nh sdhana v i tm mn la, hoa ca ngi ri trn mn la Yangdak (Shrheruka). Bn Tn ny l hin thn ca tm ch Pht. Nh thc hnh sdhana, ngi di chuyn y bng cch ci trn nhng tia sng ca mt tri. Ngi hc Phn ng v i n ,

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ngi nhn gio l t i Thnh tu gi Hmkara v nhng v Thy khc. Khi ngi tr v Ty Tng, nhng thng th ng h o Bn ph bng ngi tht him c, v ngi b dn vo th phi sng lu vong Lhotrak Kharchu min nam Ty Tng. Khi ngi sng trong mt hang ng tn l Tragmar gn lng qu ca ngi, anh ngi, mt nng dn ngho, n hi xin ngi mt t ht ging trng trt. Ngi ni vi ngi anh: Anh l nng dn, v nu anh khng c ht ging th mt yogi nh ti tm ra n u trong mt ci hang? Sau ngi a cho ng ta mt vi vin si v ni: Tht l xu h trc mt ngi khc nu anh khng c g trng trt; v th hy nm nhng vin si ny trong cnh ng ca anh v gi b l anh ang gieo trng. Anh ngi lm nh ngi ni, v ma h nm sau ng ta c mt v ma bi thu trong thung lng. C ln khi Namkhe Nyingpo ang bay qua bu tri, xu chui ca ngi ri xung mt thung lng. Khi ngy bay xung v nht xu chui, ngi to ra nhng du vt to ln ca nm ngn tay ngi y nhng bng hoa, v sau , cc dkin xy nm bo thp . C ln ngi cho vi ngi sng m nhng vin si. H nm chng i nhng c mt ngi vn gi li. V sau nhng vin si tr thnh nhng vin lam ngc lng ly. Ngi thc hnh ch yu Lhotrak Kharchu v nhn thy nhng linh kin thanh tnh ca bc linh thnh bo h. Ngi i ti ci tnh thing ling m khng li thn xc th nng. Trong s cc ha thn ca ngi c Changchup Lingpa (th k 14), Trati Ngakchang (th k 18), v Rigdzin Tsewang Norbu (1698-1755). 4. Jnnakumra sinh ti Yarlung Cho min nam Ty Tng trong b tc Nyak. Trn c hng ngi c nhng nt rui trong hnh dng nhng chic chy kim cang i. Ngi cng c gi l Gyalwe Lodr v th gii xut gia vi Shntarakshita. Ngi tr thnh mt i hc gi v dch nhiu Kinh in v Mt in. Ngi nhn gio l t Guru Rinpoche, Vimalamitra, Vairochana, v Yudra Nyingpo v tr thnh ngi u tin trong nhng ngi th nhn v i Mahyoga, Anuyoga, v Semde ca Atiyoga Ty Tng. Khi Guru Rinpoche ban qun nh sdhana v i tm mn la, hoa ca ngi, ging nh hoa ca nh vua, h xung mn la Chechok. Ngi thc hnh Dtsi Chechok, v nh ti Yarlung Sheltrak, ngi to ra mt dng sui t mt tng kh bng cch dng ngn tay chc thng tng . Ngi i mt vi nhiu nguy him, trong c ba ln nguy him cho mng sng ca ngi. Ngi thc hnh sdhana Vajrakla v nh nng lc thnh tu ngi tit tr mi th lc tiu cc. Ngi c th t bin mnh thnh nhng thn tng khc nhau. Ngi dch nhiu bn vn Pht gio sang ting Ty Tng. Trong nhiu t ca ngi, ngi c tm t chnh, trong c Sokpo Palkyi Yeshe v Otren Palkyi Zhnu. Trong s nhng ha thn ca ngi c Ramo Shelmen (th k 12), Nyi sal (th k 13), Khedrup Lodr Gyaltsen, v Kathok Gyurme Tsewang Choktrup (th k 15). 5. Khandro Yeshe Tsogyal. Mt ghi chp tm tt v cuc i ca Khandro Yeshe Tsogyal c a ra trn trong mc nm phi ngu ca Guru Rinpoche. Trong nhiu ha thn ca b c Chomo Menmo, Pema Tsokyi (12481283?), Khandroma Knga Bum (th k 14), v Rigdzin Thrinle Namgyal. 6. Palkyi Yeshe sinh ti Yadrok trong b tc Drogmi. Ngi tr thnh mt dch gi uyn bc ca nhiu tantra, ng k nht l cc tantra ca cc Bn Tn Mamo

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Mtarah Btong. Trong qun nh sdhana v i tm mn la, hoa ca ngi p xung mn la La-me Heruka ca Mamo Btong v ngi tr thnh mt bc lo thng ca mn la ny. Ngi iu phc nhng tinh linh th tc, c bit l cc mamo, v buc h l nhng ngi phc v. Trong s nhng ha thn ca ngi c Rashak Chbar v Kharak Dechen Lingpa. 7. Palkyi Senge sinh trong b tc Lang. Ngi i n v Oddiyna v tr thnh mt dch gi. Trong qun nh sdhana v i tm mn la, hoa ca ngi p xung mn la Jikten Cht (Lokastotrapja). Ngi t c nng lc b mt v i v c th lm cho cc tinh linh th tc phi phc tng. Ti Patro Taktsang Bhutan, ni ngi lm cc thc hnh sdhana, ngi nhn linh kin ca c Pht Phn n Trakpa Knd ca mn la Jikten Cht. Ngi t c nhng thnh tu thng thng v siu vit. Trong s nhng ha thn ca ngi c Ratn Tobden Dorje v Dzogchen Pema Rigdzin (1625-1697). 8. Vairochana127 l dch gi li lc ca Kinh in Pht gio trong lch s Ty Tng. Ngi gnh vc trch nhim a Gio Php vo Ty Tng v dch nhiu Kinh in v Mt in, c bit l hai trong s ba phm ph ca gio l Dzopa Chenpo, l Semde v Longde. Ngi sinh ti Nyemo Chekhar trong Tnh Tsang, l con trai ca Dorje Gyalpo thuc b tc Pakor. Trong thi th u, ngi ph din nhiu nng lc thn diu chng hn nh bay trong khng trung, to nhng du vt trn nhng tng , v tin on nhng s kin trong tng lai. Ngi c s thng tu c bit. Ph hp vi li tin tri ca Guru Rinpoche, Vua Trisong Detsen a ngi ti Samye v o to cho ngi thnh mt dch gi. Ngi tr thnh mt trong by ngi Ty Tng u tin th gii tu s t Shntarakshita v c ban Php danh l Vairochanarakshita. Trong qun nh sdhana v i tm mn la, hoa ca ngi p xung mn la Mpa Tra-ngak (Vajramentrabhru). Theo li khuyn ca nh vua, Vairochana v tu s Lektrup Tnh Tsang i n tm cu Gio Php, nh hai ngi trong s nhng nh truyn gio u tin. Trn ng i cc ngi gp nhiu gian kh khin ngi sut cht nm mi by ln, nhng ngi khng m xa ti nhng tr ngi v ti c n . Cc ngi b mt gp Shrsimha trong rng Tsenden Silche ti Dhanakosha. Mt m cc ngi nhn cc gio l Semde trong s b mt tuyt i. Vairochana ghi li mi tm tantra ca Semde trn vi trng bng sa ca mt con b trng ngi ta khng th c cc bn vn. Khi ngi mun c bn tho c, Ngi h n trn khi v c c bn vn. Tu s Lektrup hi lng vi nhng g h thnh tu v khi hnh i Ty Tng. Trn ng tr v Lektrup b nhng ngi gc ng git cht. Vairochana khn cu Shrsimha ban thm gio l, v ngi nhn cc gio l v gio hun ca ton b su mi tantra ca Semde. Ngi cng c dy ba phm tr ca Longde. Vairochana cng nhn cc gio l ca su triu bn trm ngn tantra (hay cc bi k) ca i Vin mn t Prahevajra trong linh kin thanh tnh v nhn nhng gia h t o s Manjushrmitra trong thn-tr tu-huyn ha ca ngi. Vairochana ti Ty Tng bng thn tc thng, v ngi ban cho nh vua nhng gio l thng thng vo ban ngy v Dzopa Chenpo vo ban m. Trong

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s nhng tc phm khc, ngi dch nm tantra u trong s mi tm tantra ca Semde. Tuyn tp ny c gi l Nm Bn dch Ban u ca Semde. Vo lc mt vi ngi n ghen t phi cc s gi i ru rao li ph bng, ni rng gio l m Vairochana mang t n v khng phi l Pht gio. Do bi nhng nguyn c sai lm v th lc ca Hong hu Tsepongza v mt vi thng th c c, tht ng tic, nh vua b bt buc phi trc xut Vairochana ti Gyalmo Tsawe Rong (cn gi l Gyarong), mt min bin gii Ty Tng v Trung quc. ni lu y Vairochana khin nh vua, cc thng th v dn chng ca Gyarong ci o sang Pht gio. Hong t Yudra Nyingpo, ti sinh ca Lekrup x Tsang, tr thnh mt trong nhng t chnh ca ngi v mt hc gi v v h tr dng truyn tha ni ting. Yudra Nyingpo ti Samye v gp Vimalamitra. Theo li khn cu ca Vimalamitra, nh vua mi Vairochana tr v Ty Tng. Trn ng ti Ty Tng, Vairochana gp mt ngi n ng tm mi lm tui tn l Mipham Gnpo, v ngi ban cho ng ta gio l i Vin mn. Mipham Gnpo khng th ngi trong t th thin nh v cao tui, v th ng phi nng cy vo mt si giy thin nh v gy ngi thng v khng c ng. ng lo t c thn cu vng. Ngoi Yudra Nyingpo v Mipham Gnpo, cc t chnh ca Vairochana l Nyak Jnnakumra v Sherap Dlma x Li. Sau ny Sherap Dlma thnh mi o s ca ng ti x Li. T ni Vairochana i ti rng Bhashing Nepal, ngi tan bin thnh thn cu vng. Vairochana l dch gi siu phm ca Pht gio Ty Tng. Ngi dch nhiu bn vn thuc Kinh in v Mt in, s uyn bc v thin xo ca ngi vi t cch l mt dch gi th tht vt tri nu so vi tt c nhng dch gi khc trong lch s Pht gio Ty Tng. Ngok Loden Sherap (1059-1109), mt trong nhng dch gi v i nht trong giai oan tn dch thut, ni: Vairochana ging nh bu tri trong. Kawa Palsek v Chokro Lui Gyaltsen ging nh mt tri v mt trng. Rinchen Zangpo [958-1051, dch gi v i nht ca giai on tn dch thut] ging nh v sao lc bnh minh. V chng ta ch l nhng con om m.128 Trong s nhiu ha thn ca ngi c Trapa Ngnshechen (1012-1090?), Dorje Lingpa (1346-1405), Knkyong Lingpa (1396-1477?), Chden Do-ngak Lingpa (th k 15), Trengpo Sherap zer (1518-1572), Minling Terchen (1646-1714), Rongtn Dechen Lingpa (1663-?). Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye (1800-?) v Kongtrl Ynten Gyatso (1813-1899). 9. Yudra Nyingpo l mt hong t ca Gyalmo Tsawe Rong (cn gi l Gyarong) min ng Ty Tng. Khi Vairochana b y ti Gyalmo Tsawe Rong, ngi nhn nhng gio l t Vairochana v tr thnh mt i hc gi v dch gi. Yudra ti min Trung Ty Tng v nhn nhng gio l t Guru Rinpoche, v trong s nhiu tc phm, ngi dch mi ba bn vn cui cng trong s mi tm bn vn ca Semde. L kt qu ca nhng thnh tu ca ngi, ngi c th mang nhng thn tng khc nhau chng hn nh mt chy kim cng bng vng. Ngi ni danh

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nh s chng ng tuyt ho v i Vin mn. Ngi tr thnh mt trong nhng o s v i nht ca gio l Semde v Longde ca i Vin mn Ty Tng. Trong s nhng ha thn ca ngi c Minling Lochen Dharmashr (1654-1717), Tertn Dorje Thogme, v Minling Khenchen Ogyen Tendzin (th k 15). 10. Dorje Ddjom sinh ti Tsang-rong trong b tc Nanam. Khi cn tr ngi tr thnh mt thng th ca Vua Trisong Detsen, v vi t cch l phi vin ca nh vua, ngi i Nepal thnh mi Guru Rinpoche ti Ty Tng. Ngi tr thnh mt t ca Guru Rinpoche v t c nhng thnh tu nh thc hnh sdhana Vajrakla. Nh lm ch c tm v khng kh, ngi du hnh qua khng gian vi tc ca gi v gn Samye, ngi i qua mt ngn ni m khng b ngn tr. Trong s nhng ha thn ca ngi c Palpo Ahung (th k 13), Rigdzin Gdem (1337-1408), v Rigdzin Legdenje (th k 15). 11. Yeshe Yang l mt tu s v mt trong tm ngi vit ch p chnh yu ca cc bn vn terma. Ngi nhn nhng gio l t Guru Rinpoche v c th i ti nhng ci tnh ca ch Pht v nhn gio l t cc ngi. 12. Sokpo Lhapal l mt th rn. Nyak Jnnakumra thy r ni ngi c nhng du hiu thch hp tr thnh mt bc lo thng ca sdhana Vajrakla v nhn ngi lm t. Nyak v Guru Rinpoche ban cc gio l v qun nh cho Lhapal. Ngi thnh tu nng lc b mt nh thc hnh sdhana Vajrakla. Nh , bng mt c ch ngi c th bt mt con gu nguy him; v trong ba dp vi nng lc huyn diu ngi lm an du nhng k th ca Nyak, v Thy ca ngi. 13. Nanam Yeshe c cho l Zhang Yeshe De, mt trong ba dch gi ngang hng vi Vairochna v s uyn bc v thin xo. Hai v kia l Kawa Paltsek v Chok-ro Li Gyaltsen. Ngi thnh tu nng lc b mt nh sdhana Vajrakla v tr thnh mt o s v i ca gio l Vajrakla. Kt qu ca vic thnh tu l ngi c th bay nh chim. 14. Palkyi Wangchuk ca b tc Kharchen l anh ca Yeshe Tsogyal. Ngi l mt c s Mt tha ng hnh vi Guru Rinpoche khi ngi i ti nhng khu vc khc nhau ca Ty Tng. Ngi t c nng lc b mt nh thc hnh Vajrakla, kt qu ca iu ny l bng cch ch phurbu (li dao) vo h, ngi c th dp yn nhng k th ca Gio Php. 15. Denma Tsemang sinh trong Thung lng Den thuc Tnh Kham. Ngi l mt trong nhng ngi vit ch p ni danh nht, v ngi sao chp nhiu bn vn terma v tr thnh mt i dch gi. Ngi nhn nhiu gio l Mt tha t Guru Rinpoche v c nng lc tr nh khng qun. 16. Kawa Paltsek sinh ti Kawa trong Thung lng Phenpo. Ngi l mt trong ba dch gi v i nht ca Ty Tng, v vai tr ca ngi c Guru Rinpoche tn thn. Ngi trong s by tu s ngi Ty Tng u tin c th gii Ty Tng. Nh thc hnh ngi thnh tu nng lc thu sut c t tng ca ngi khc. Ngi dch nhiu Kinh in v Mt in v cng l mt trong nhng ngi vit ch p ni danh v l tc gi ca nhiu bn vn. Trong s nhng ha thn ca ngi c Trawa Ngnshe (1012-1090?), ngi khm ph bn quyn Gyzhi ca y hc Ty Tng nh mt terma. Cho ti nay, nhng bn vn ny l ngun mch chnh ca y hc Ty Tng. Mt s ngi ni rng Trawa Ngnshe l mt ha thn ca Vairochana v Shpu Palkyi Senge.

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17. Shpu Palkyi Senge sinh trong cng b tc vi nh vua. Khi cn tr ngi l mt thng th trong triu nh ca nh vua, v l mt trong nhng s thn i Nepal thnh mi Guru Rinpoche ti Ty Tng. Ngi dch nhiu bn vn Mamo, Yamntaka, v Vajrakla, v ngi l mt trong tm bc kit xut nht ca Ty Tng trong thi i ca ngi. Ngi thnh tu nng lc b mt nh cc sdhana Mamo v Vajrakla. Ngi biu l nng lc b mt bng cch lm o ngc dng sng Ngamsh, khin dng Chimphu i ngc ln, v bng cch ch phurbu ca ngi vo mt tng , ngi lm tng v tan thnh nhiu mnh. Trong l hin cng Tu vin Samye, ngi phn pht b c tinh lc qua nhng ng dn nh mt du hiu ca s thnh vng v hin dng ca ngi. Trong s nhng ha thn ca ngi c Namch Mingyur Dorje (1645-1667). 18. Dre Gyalwe Lodr khi cn tr l mt thnh vin ca gii b mt trong triu nh ca nh vua. Sau ny ngi xut gia v tr thnh mt trong nhng t chnh ca Guru Rinpoche v l mt dch gi. Ngi ving thm n v nhn nhng gio l Yangdak t o s Hmkara. Nh nng lc b mt, ngi gii thot m ngi khi mt ti sinh thp km, v ngi cng bin mt t thi thnh vng. Ngi thnh tu php trng th v cn sng trong thi i ca Rongzom Chzang (th k 11). 19. Khyechung Lots thuc b tc Drogmi. Khi cn rt tr ngi tr thnh mt dch gi, k t ngi nhn danh hiu ca ngi, c ngha l cu b dch gi. Ngi nhn nhng gio l t Guru Rinpoche v sng nh mt tntrika (hnh gi Mt tha) gia ch. Nh thnh tu nng lc b mt, bng mt c ch ca nhng ngn tay, ngi c th triu hi chim ang bay trong khng trung. Trong s nhng ha thn ca ngi c Terchen Ddl Dorje (1615-1672), Zhechen Rabjam Tenpe Gyaltsen (1650-1704), Khordong Nden Dorje (th k 1819), Ddjom Lingpa (1835-1904) v Kyabje Dudjom Rinpoche (1904-1987). 20. Trenpa Namkha l mt o s v i ca o Bn v cng c gi l Kyerpn Chenpo. Ngi c cc mn o Bn tn knh nh mt ha thn ca ngi sng lp o Bn, v ny cng c tn l Trenpa Namkha. Ngi tr thnh mt t ca Guru Rinpoche v mt dch gi nhng bn vn Pht gio. Nh nng lc b mt ngi c th triu hi nhng con tru yak hoang nhng cnh ng pha bc Ty Tng ch bng mt c ch. Trong s nhng ha thn ca ngi c Bnpo Traktsal (th k 11) v Rigdzin Lhndrup (1611-1662), v ny l ha thn ca c Nupchen ln Trenpa Namkha. 21. Otren Palkyi Wangchuk sinh ti Oyugda. Ngi sng nh mt tntrika gia ch v tr thnh mt t tm yu ca Guru Rinpoche v mt i hc gi ca tantra. Ngi thnh tu nng lc b mt nh thc hnh sdhana Guru trong Thn tng phn n. Nh nng lc huyn diu ca ngi, ngi c th vt qua con sng ln nh mt con c, mc d ngi khng bit bi. 22. Ma Rinchen Chok sinh ti Thung lng Phenpo. Ngi l mt trong chn ngi thng tu nht Ty Tng trong thi i ca ngi. Ngi trong s by ngi Ty Tng u tin th gii tu s t Shntarakshita. Ngi l mn ca trit hc Ngrjuna (Long Th) v mt hc gi ca Guhyagarbha-myjla-tantra (Mt in B mt tp hi). Ngi ng sau Kamalashla trong nhng mn ca dng truyn tha ca Shntarakshita, trong cuc tranh lun Samye ni ting trong cc ngi nh bi ch th l v Thy i tha Hvashang ngi Trung quc. Ngi dch nhiu bn vn Pht gio v nhn nhiu gio l t Guru Rinpoche. Nh thc hnh

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nhng gio l ngi t c chng ng. Ngi biu l nng lc b mt bng cch cht tng thnh nhiu mnh nh th n l bt nho v n n nh thc phm. Ngi ving thm Kham, ni Tsuk-ru Rinchen Zhnu tr thnh mt trong nhiu t ca ngi. 23. Lhalung Palkyi Dorje sinh ti Kungmo Che. Khi cn tr ngi ng qun bin gii Trung quc v Ty Tng, ngi nh bi lc lng qun Trung quc ng o. Cng vi hai ngi anh ngi th gii tu s vi Vimalamitra. Ngi nhn B Tt gii v nhng qun nh Mt tha t Guru Rinpoche, v nh s thnh tu, ngi c th i xuyn qua ni m khng b tr ngi. Khi Vua Lang Darma hy dit nhng t chc Pht gio v git hi cc Pht t, Lhalung Palkyi Dorje git vua bng mt mi tn v trn thot ti Kham. Khi ngi mt, thn ngi bin thnh thn cu vng. Trong s nhng ha thn ca ngi c Palyl Pema Norbu (1679-1757) v Rigdzin Nyima Trakpa (1647-1710). 24. Langtro Knchok Jungne sinh ti Chang Tanak Tsang v tr thnh mt thng th ti triu nh ca nh vua. V sau ngi tr thnh mt tu s v mt dch gi, v nhn nhng gio l Mt tha t Guru Rinpoche. Nh thc hnh ngi tr thnh mt bc lo thng Mt tha v i v c th phng ra nhng tia st ging nh nhng mi tn bn ti bt k ni no ngi mun. Trong s nhng ha thn ca ngi c Ratna Lingpa (1403-1471/8), Rigdzin Longsal Nyingpo (1625-1692), v Dzogchen Pema Rigdzin (1625-1697). 25. Lasum Gyalwa Changchup l mt trong nhm by ngi Ty Tng u tin c th gii lm tu s v l mt trong chn ngi thng tu nht trong thi i ca ngi. Ngi nhn nhng gio l v qun nh t Guru Rinpoche, ving thm n nhiu ln, v dch nhiu bn vn. Nh thc hnh, ngi c th l lng trn khng trung trong t th thin nh. Trong s cc ha thn ca ngi c Rigdzin Knzang Sherap (1636-1699).

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KNKHYEN LONGCHEN RABJAM 1308-1363

KNKHYEN Longchen Rabjam129 sinh ti Ttrong trong Thung lng Tra min nam ca trung tm Ty Tng, vo ngy mng mi thng hai nm Th Thn thuc Rabjung th nm (1308). Thn ph ngi l Tenpa Sung, mt hnh gi Mt tha thuc b tc Rok. Thn mu ngi l Snam Gyen thuc b tc Drom. Lc mang thai ngi, m ngi m thy mt mt tri t trn u mt con s t chiu sng ton th th gii. Lc ngi ra i, n H Php Namdru Remati xut hin trong hnh tng ca mt ngi n b mu en. m a b trong tay, b ni: Ta s bo v cu b, v b trao a b li cho m n ri bin mt. Longchen Rabjam l mt ha thn, hay tlku, ca Cng cha Pemasal, con gi ca Vua Trisong Detsen, l ngi m Guru Rinpoche giao ph vic trao truyn Khandro Nyingthig. Trong chui cc cuc i ca b, ha thn ngay trc Longchen Rabjam l Pema Ledreltsal, ngi khm ph cc gio l Khandro Nyingthig nh mt terma. T thi th u Longchen Rabjam c nim tin, lng bi mn, v tr tu, nhng phm tnh cao qu ca mt B Tt. Khi ngi ln nm, ngi hc c v vit tht d dng. Nm ln by, thn ph ngi ban cho ngi nhng qun nh, gio hun, v tu tp thc hnh Nhng Phng din An bnh v Phn n ca Guru v Kagye Deshek Dpa. Thn ph cng dy ngi y hc v thut chim tinh. Nm mi hai tui, Longchen Rabjam th gii sa di t Khenpo Samdrup Rinchen ti Tu vin Samye v c ban cho Php danh Tsltrim Lodr. Ngi tinh thng Vinaya (Lut), nhng bn vn v gii lut o c ca tu s, v c th ging dy nhng bn vn t nm mi bn tui. Nm mi su tui, cng vi o s Tashi Rinchen v nhng v khc, ngi bt u hc nhiu tantra thuc v dng Tn Mt in, chng hn nh hai truyn thng ca qu v con ng (Lam Bras), hai truyn thng su yoga (Chos Drug), Klachakra (Thi Lun), ct t [bn ng] (gChod), v cc truyn thng ba cch lm an du (Zhi Byed). 92

Nm mi chn tui, ngi i ti Tu vin Sangphu Neuthang130 ni ting, v nghin cu Kinh in Pht gio v trit hc, lun l, v thin nh trong su nm. T cc o s Lopn Tsen-gnpa v Chpal Gyaltsen ngi nghin cu nm bn vn i tha ca Maitreya (Di Lc), cc lun thuyt v lun l ca Dignga (Trn Na) v Dhamakrti (Php Xng), v nhiu bn vn v trit hc Madyamaka (Trung o) v Prajnpramit (Bt Nh Ba La Mt). Ngoi ra, cng vi dch gi Lodr Tenpa x Pang ngi nghin cu Phn ng, thi ca, tiu lun, kch, v nhiu Kinh in v cc bn vn Bt Nh Ba La Mt. Sau t o s Zhnu Tndrup, ngi nhn nhng nhp mn v gio hun v nhng tantra quan trng ca phi Nyingma, Do (Kinh in) ca Anuyoga, Myjla-tantra ca Mahyoga, v Semde (gio kha v tm) ca Atiyoga (i Vin mn). Vi khong hai mi v Thy, trong c o s Zhnu Gyalpo, Zhnu Dorje, Lama Tampa Snam Gyaltsen (1312-1375) ca phi Sakya, v Karmapa Rangjung Dorje (1284-1339) ca phi Kagy, ngi nghin cu cc gio l v nhn nhng trao truyn Kinh in v Mt in. Trong khi nghin cu, ngi cng lun lun dn mnh vo vic tu tp thin nh trong cc n tht, v ngi nhn thy nhng linh kin thanh tnh ca c Manjushr (Vn Th), Sarasvat, Achala, Vajravrh, v Tr, v chng ng nhng thnh tu tm linh. Vic tu tp nghin cu v thin nh ca ngi m ra cnh ca kho tng ngn ng. Nhng ngi hiu r ngi tha nhn ngi bng danh hiu o s ca s Chng ng Bao la (Longchen Rabjam) v o s Kinh in t Samye (bSam Yas Lung Mang ba). Nm hai mi by tui, nh c tin tri bi c Tr, v Pht trong thn tng n nhn, ngi i gp o s Rigdzin Kumrdza (1266-1343), v h tr cc gio l Vima Nyingthig, trong mt tri n tht, ni khong by mi t ang sng trong nhng ni tr n tm thi trong cc cao nguyn thuc Thung lng Yart Kyam. o s v cng hoan h tip n Longchen Rabjam v ban tin tri rng ngi s l v h tr-trao truyn ca cc gio l Vima Nyingthig. Ngi hc vi Rigdzin Kumrdza trong hai nm, nhn nhng gio hun v tt c ba phm tr ca Dzopa Chenpo: Semde, gio kha v tm; Longde, gio kha v Php gii ti thng; v Me-ngagde, gio kha v nhng gio hun ti thng. Nhng im quan trng chnh yu ca vic nghin cu ca ngi l cc bn vn v bn phn ca Me-ngagde, l nhng gio l Ngoi, Ni, B mt v B mt Thm su. Nhng bn vn ny l mi by tantra v nhnh hay nhng gio l gio hun, c ngha l: bn quyn sch131 vi mt trm mi chn lun thuyt v nhng gio hun xa rng. Rigdzin Kumrdza ban tt c nhng gio l Nyingthig cho Longchen Rabjam v tuyn b Longchen Rabjam l v k tc dng truyn tha ca ngi. Trong khi hc vi Rigdzin Kumrdza, Longchen Rabjam sng trong cnh cc k tng thiu. chin u vi s bm luyn ca ngi vo vt cht, thc hnh ca Rigdzin Kumrdza buc phi lin tc di chuyn t ni ny sang ni khc thay v nh c mt ni v dnh mc vo . Trong chn thng Rigdzin Kumrdza v cc t chuyn tri chn ln, khin cho Longchen Rabjam v nhng ngi khc phi chu nhng gian kh gh gm. Ngay khi Longchen Rabjam bt u sng cuc i n gin ca mnh mt ch tr n tm thi, thng l mt hang ng che ch ngi khng b ma v lnh, th li n lc phi di chuyn. Ngi c rt t thc phm v ch 93

c mt ci bao rch va lm tm nm va lm chic mn che ch ngi trc ci lnh khng khip ca ma ng. Chnh trong nhng hon cnh ny m Longchen Rabjam c c nhng gio l him c v qu bu nht ca cc tantra v gio hun v ba gio kha ca i Vin mn. Cui cng, o s gia lc cho ngi l v h tr dng truyn tha ca s trao truyn Nyingthig. Sau trong by (hay su) nm ngi tin hnh nhp tht thin nh, ch yu l Chimphu. Ngoi thin nh i Vin mn, ngi cng thc hnh nhng hnh thc v nghi l ca nhng bc linh thnh khc nhau, v ngi nhn thy nhng linh kin thanh tnh v cc thn tng an bnh v phn n ca Guru Rinpoche, Vajrasattva, v nhng Bn Tn an bnh v phn n. Nm ba mi hai tui,132 trong khi vn cn nhp tht, ln u tin Longchen Rabjam ban qun nh v nhng gio hun ca Vima Nyinghthig cho cc t ca ngi ti Nyiphu Shuksep, gn Kang-ri Thkar. Trong mt thi gian, tt c nhng vng xung quanh bin thnh nh sng thanh tnh, nhng m thanh huyn b, v nhng linh kin thing ling. Chng bao lu t hnh gi ca ngi l zer Kocha tm thy bn vn Khandro Nyingthig, do Pema Ledreltsal (1291-?), ha thn i trc ca Longchen Rabjam khm ph nh mt terma, v zer Kocha cng dng n cho Longchen Rabjam. N H Php Shenpa Sogdrubma cng tng ngi mt bn sao ca bn vn . Mc d ngi l ha thn ca ngi khm ph cc gio l, nhng biu th tm quan trng ca vic bo tn s trao truyn cho nhng mn trong tng lai, ngi i ti gp Sh Gyalse, mt t ca Pema Ledreltsal, v nhn s trao truyn Khandro Nyingthig. Nm ba mi ba tui, ngi ban gio l Khandro Nyingthig cho tm t nam v n trong c yog (hnh gi) zer Kocha ti Samye Chimphu. Trong thi gian ban cc l qun nh, N H Php ca Tantra (sNgags Srung Ma) nhp vo mt trong nhng yogin (n hnh gi) v ban nhng tin tri v gio hun. Mt vi t nhn thy Longchen Rabjam bin thnh hnh thc Bo thn. Mt trn ma hoa xung v nhng vng cung, tia sng, v nhng vng nh sng c nhng mu sc khc nhau c chng kin khp ngn ni. Tt c nhng ngi t hi ca ht v nhy ma vi nng lc tr tu trn tr. Longchen Rabjam c linh kin v Guru Rinpoche v v phi ngu ban cc qun nh v giao ph vic trao truyn Khandro Nyingthig cho ngi. Cc v ban cho ngi cc danh hiu Ogyen Tri-me zer v Dorje Ziji. Cc v H Php xut hin trong thn tng vt l v nhn cc mn cng dng. Trong mt thi gian di, c l mt thng, tm ca cc t hnh gi tan ha vo mt s quang minh chi li su xa, l trng thi siu vit s thc hay ng. Longchen Rabjam ht ca nng lc du gi ca ngi trong nhng vn k: cc yog, ta rt sung sng v hoan h. m nay chng ta trong Ci Tnh V song. Trong thn chng ta, cung in ca Cc Bn Tn An bnh v Phn n, N r hi chng ca c Pht, s hp nht ca quang minh v tnh Khng. Pht qu khng u khc m trong chng ta. cc thin gi, nhng ngi nht tm h tr tm ca mnh, ng m gi tm qu v mt ni, m n thoi mi.

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Tm rng rang [hay m trng], d n vn hnh hay yn v. Bt k iu g xut hin trong tm ch l s ph din ca tr tu. Theo khn cu ca n H Php Yudrnma, ngi di chuyn tr x ti Ogyen Dzong zer Trinkyi Kyem Tsal (Php i Oddiyna trong Vn H lc ca Nhng m My nh sng) ti Kang-ri Thkar, ni ngi bin son vi tc phm ni ting v tri qua mt phn ln i mnh. Ti ni ny s chng ng thin nh ca ngi t ti trng thi vin mn ca gic tnh (Rig Pa Tshad Phebs) nh vic tu tp s tip cn trc tip (Thod rGal) ca Nyingthig. Trong mt linh kin thanh tnh Vimalamitra dy ngi v giao ph cho ngi cc gio l Vima Nyingthig. c cm hng bi Vimalamitra, ngi vit Yangtig Yizhin Norbu (cn gi l Lama Yangtig), mt tuyn tp gm ba mi lm lun vn v Vima Nyingthig. Longchen Rabjam rt vng c ct du trong mt terma ra v vi s vng ngi ti tr cho vic sa cha cha Uru Dza Drikung, c xy dng bi Nyang Tingdzin Zangpo, mt trong nhng i t ca Guru Rinpoche v Vimalamitra. Trong khi vic sa cha ang c tin hnh th nhng ngi th tnh c o c nhiu vt c chn du di ngi cha iu phc nng lc ca nhng th lc tiu cc, v chng bay ln trn khng trung. Longchen Rabjam t bin thnh tng phn n ca Guru Rinpoche v chn ct li cc vt vi c ch nng lc huyn b. Khi rt c nguy c xy ra mt trn ni chin min trung Ty Tng do mu ca Kn-rik, mt v lnh o kiu ngo ca Drikung, Longchen Rabjam thc hin mt tin tri lin quan ti mt ha thn ca c Vn Th bng cch lm Kn-rik i hng t con ng chin tranh sai lm sang con ng ca Gio Php v mang li s an bnh. Thot u Tai Situ Phagmo Trupa (1302-1364), k ti vua Ty Tng, nghi ng Longchen Rabjam v gi lc lng ti git ngi, bi ngi l v Thy ca Drikung, k th khng i tri chung ca ng ta. Nh nng lc thn diu ca ngi, Longchen Rabjam tr nn v hnh khi lc lng ti ni. Nhng hon cnh bt buc Longchen Rabjam phi di chuyn ti Bhutan. ngi ban nhng gio l v i khi tp hp khong mt trm ngn t. Ti Bumthang ngi thit lp Tu vin Tharpa Ling. Bhutan ngi v v phi ngu Kyipa x Bhutan c mt con trai tn l Tlku Trakpa zer (1356-1409?), v con trai ca ngi tr thnh mt v h tr dng truyn tha. Sau ny, Tai Situ hiu c thi v phn bit ca Longchen Rabjam v tr thnh mt t, v Longchen Rabjam tr v Ty Tng. Longchen Rabjam l mt trong nhng hc gi v i nht v nhng hin gi chng ng ca Ty Tng, nhng ngi hin dng ton b i mnh cho k lut tm linh cc k vi t v nghim ngt trong vic hc tp, ging dy, bin son, v thin nh hon thnh mc ch ca s hin l gic ng ca ngi. iu phi l mt khun mu cho mt ngi tu tp v mt v Thy ging dy Gio Php. Tm ngi v cuc i ngi gin d v khong t, t nhin, thun tnh, v su xa. D ngi sng u hay ang lm g, ngi lun lun trong trng thi thin nh mt cch t nhin. Ngi thng xuyn ving thm o s Rigdzin Kumrdza ca ngi hon thin s hiu bit v chng ng. Ngi nm ln dng ton b nhng s hu t i ca ngi cho o s ty sch s bm chp ca ngi vo nhng i tng vt

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cht. Nh danh ting ca s uyn bc v chng ng ca ngi, ngi c th d dng xy dng nhng tu vin khng l hay nhng ngi nh, nhng ngi trnh nhng cng vic nh th bi ngi khng quan tm ti vic thit lp bt k t chc no. Tt c nhng g c cng dng cho ngi vi lng tin, ngi hon ton s dng phng s Php v khng bao gi dng cho nhng mc ch khc, m cng khng bao gi dng n cho bn thn ngi. Ngi khng bao gi biu l s tn knh i vi mt ngi th tc, d l ngi c a v cao trong x hi. Ngi ni: S tn knh nn c dnh cho Tam Bo ch khng dnh cho nhng ngi th tc. o ln vai tr ca Lt ma v ngi bo tr l khng ng. D nhng vt cng dng cho ngi c to ln ti u, ngi khng bao gi biu l s bit n, ngi ni: Hy nhng nh bo tr c c hi tch tp cng c thay v n p vic cng dng bng cch biu l lng bit n. Thin tm ca ngi i vi nhng ngi ngho kh v au kh tht bao la, v ngi rt hoan h khi thng thc nhng thc phm n s m nhng ngi ngho kh cng dng cho ngi, v sau c nhng li c nguyn cho h. Trong hu ht cuc i ngi, Longchen Rabjam sng trong c tch, cc hang ng trong ni non, trc ht l Chimphu gn Samye v sau phn ln l Kangri Thkar. Mi trng thin nhin thanh bnh v trong tro to nn s an bnh v quang minh trong tm nhng ngi tu tp; khi ton th tan ha thnh mt, s hp nht ca an bnh v quang minh. Longchen Rabjam tm tt nhng cng c ca s c tch:133 Xa nhng th trn y th tiu khin, Sng trong nhng khu rng pht trin t nhin s thin nh an bnh, Ha hp cuc sng trong Php, iu phc tm, V khin ta t c h lc ti thng. Ngi ban gio l trong mi lnh vc ca Pht gio, nhng ch yu nhn mnh ti i Vin mn. Khi tm tt thin nh i Vin mn, ngi khuyn nh bng nhng li gin d: iu quan trng l phi nhn thng vo bn tnh ca nhng t tng khi chng pht khi. iu quan trng l phi an tr trong bn tnh khi qu v chc chn v vic nhn ra n. iu quan trng l phi c s thin nh khng thin nh nh thin nh ca qu v. Khng dao ng, hy duy tr n. y l li khuyn ca ta.134 V: Tm hin ti, l ci g khng b ngn tr Khng bm vo ci ny hay ci kia, khng c bt k chnh sa hay s pha tp no, v Khng b nhim bi s nh nguyn ca i tng b bm chp v ngi bm chp

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L bn tnh ca chn l ti thng. Hy duy tr trng thi ny.135 Ti Lhasa, Longchen Rabjam c n tip bng kn i l, v ngi tri qua khong hai tun . Gia Jokhang v Ramoche Lhasa, an ta trn Php ta, ngi ban gii nguyn B tm v nhiu gio l cho mt hi chng khng l thuc mi tng lp x hi. Nh s uyn bc v chng ng ca ngi, Longchen Rabjam iu phc nhng tm thc kiu ngo ca nhiu hc gi v gy truyn hng khi cho h t c tm thanh tnh ca Php. Ngi gieo trng ht ging kht khao Gio Php thun tnh trong tri tim ca nhiu ngi. Ngi c gi l Knkhyen Chje, Bc Ton tr ca Php. Sau ngi i Nyiphu Shuksep v ban gio l Dzogchen cho khong mt ngn t. K ti nhng ngn i gn Trok Ogyen, ngi ban cc qun nh v gio l Dzopa Chenpo cho khong ba ngn ngi, trong c bn mi ngi c coi l cc o s ca Gio Php. Nm nm mi su tui, vo nm Thy Mo (1363) thuc Rabjung th su, ngi thnh lnh tuyn b di chc tm linh, c ta l Trima Mepe (S Chi li Tinh khit), gm nhng dng sau: Bi lu lm ri, ta chng ng bn tnh ca samsara (sinh t), Khng c bn cht trong nhng hin hu th gian. Gi y, khi ta ang ri khi tm thn huyn ha v thng ny, Ta s ch cho cc con nhng iu li lc; xin lng nghe ta. Cc con ang coi cuc i ca mnh l c thc, nhng n s la di cc con. Bn tnh ca n l bin i v khng c s xc thc. Bng cch thu hiu c tnh khng ng tin cy ca n, Xin thc hnh Php ngay ngy hm nay. Thay i l bn tnh ca bng hu, ging nh mt cuc hi hp ca nhng ngi khch. T hi trong mt lt nhng nhanh chng xa la vnh vin. Bng cch t gii thot mnh khi nhng bm luyn vo bng hu, Xin thc hnh Php lm li lc cc con mi mi. Ca ci nh mt ngt tri i ngay c khi cc con tch ly n. Mc d cc con kim c, ngi khc s th hng n. Gi y, trong khi cc con c nng lc, hy u t n lm hnh trang cho nhng i sau, Bng cch to cng c nh vic cho i v lng nhn i.. Con ngi th v thng nh nhng nhm khch n trc v sau. Ngi ln tui i sm. Ngi nh tui s i sau. Nhng ngi ang sng, s chng ai sng mt trm nm. Xin nhn ra iu [bn tnh ca s v thng] ngay lc ny y. Nhng hnh tng ca i ny xy ra nh nhng s kin ca ngy hm nay. Nhng hnh tng ca bardo s xy ra nh nhng gic mng trong m.

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Nhng hnh tng ca i sau s xut hin nhanh nh ngy mai. Xin thc hnh Php ngay lc ny.. Trong tt c cc php, ct ty ti hu ca s quang minh chi li L Nyingthig, ngha thing ling. y l con ng siu vit dn cc con ti Pht qu trong mt i duy nht. Bng con ng ny xin thnh tu s siu phm ph qut h lc v i.. Bn tnh ca tm l Php gii ti thng, ging nh khng gian. Bn tnh ca Php gii l bn tnh ca tm, bn tnh c hu, Trong ngha chng khng phn cch. Chng l s nht th, i Vin mn. Xin nhn ra bn tnh ngay giy pht ny. Nhng hin tng khc nhau ging nh nhng phn chiu trong mt tm gng. Chng trng khng trong khi ang xut hin, v t thn s xut hin l tnh Khng. Chng l [nhng hin tng] h lc, thot khi nhng nh danh l mt hay nhiu. Xin nhn ra bn tnh ngay giy pht ny S vui sng ca ta trc ci cht cn to ln hn Nim vui ca nhng thng nhn pht t ni bin c, Cc vua tri tuyn b chin thng trong chin tranh, Hay nhng hin gi ang an tr trong thin nh. Gi y Pema Ledreltsal [Longchen Rabjam] s khng cn y lu na. Ta s i bo v bn tnh i lc v v sanh.136 Sau , khi ngi ti Chimphu v khi ang du hnh qua Samye, ngi ni ngi sp cht , v thn th ngi bt u biu l v bnh tt. Nhng ngi vn ging dy mt hi chng ng o ang i theo ngi hay t hi nhn nhng gio l t ngi. Vo ngy mi su thng mi hai, cng nhng ngi khc, ngi c hnh mt l cng dng trng th. Sau ngi ban cho cc t gio l sau cng ca ngi v l v thng v truyn cm hng cho h thc hnh Trekch v Thgal vi li khuyn: Nu cc con c bt k kh khn no trong vic thu sut cc gio l ca ta, hy c Yantig Yizhin Norbu [cn gi l Lama Yangtig]; n s ging nh mt vin ngc nh . Cc con s chng ng trng thi ca s tan ha mi hin tng vo dharmat (Php tnh), bn tnh ti thng. Vo ngy mi tm, an ta trong t th Php thn, tm ngi tan ha vo Php tnh tuyt i. Nhng ngi c mt cm thy mt t rung ng v nghe nhng ting m m. Trong khi nhc thn ca ngi c gi gn trong hai mi lm ngy, mt chic lu nh sng lin tc un cong qua bu tri. Thm ch trong nhng thng lnh nht Ty Tng, tri t tr nn m p, bng tan, v hoa hng n r. Lc ha

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thiu, tri t rung ng ba ln v mi ngi nghe thy mt m thanh ln vang ln by ln. Nhiu ringsel (x li) v nm loi dungchen (x li ln) xut hin t nhng ming xng nh mt biu th v vic ngi thnh tu nm thn v nm tr tu ca Pht qu.137 Longchen Rabjam nhn cc gio l v nhng trao truyn ca tt c nhng dng truyn tha ca Pht gio ang hin din Ty Tng. c bit l mi dng ca nhng truyn dy i Vin mn hi t trong ngi. Trong s nhng gio l Nyingthig ca i Vin mn m ngi c tha hng c Vima Nyingthig v Khandro Nyingthig. Longchen Rabjam bin son hn hai trm nm mi lun thuyt v lch s, cc gio hun o c, nhng gio l v Kinh in v Mt in, v c bit l v i Vin mn ni chung v c bit l Nyingthig.138 Ngi trnh by tt c gio l ca ngi trong hnh thc tc phm vn chng. Nhng nhiu hc gi khng nh rng hu ht nhng tc phm ca ngi v cc tantra v i Vin mn thc s l gongter, cc kho tng tm, c khm ph bng nng lc gic ng ca ngi.

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RIGDZIN JIGME LINGPA 17301798

RIGDZIN Jigme Lingpa139 l tlku (ha thn) ca Vua Trisong Detsen (790-858) v Vimalamitra. Ngi cng c gi l Khyentse zer, Nhng Tia sng Tr Tu v i Bi. Ngi khm ph gio kha rng ln v su xa Longchen Nyingthig nh terma tm. Trong Tin tri B mt ca Lt ma Gongd,140 do Sangye Lingpa (1340-1396) khm ph, Guru Rinpoche tin on s xut hin ca Jigme Lingpa by trm nm sau: min nam Ty Tng s xut hin mt tlku tn l zer. Ngi s gii thot chng sinh bng gio l su xa Nyingthig, v s dn dt tt c nhng ai c ni ki vi ngi ti ci tnh ca cc vidhydhara (Tr Minh Vng). Jigme Lingpa sinh vo sng sm ngy mi tm thng mi hai nm Th Du thuc Rabjung th mi hai (1730) ti mt ngi lng trong Thung lng Chongye min Nam Ty Tng, khng qu xa lng m cc v vua ca triu i Chgyal, c gi l cc lng m . Mc d cha m ca ngi xut thn t nhng gia nh quyn qu trong qu kh, nhng ca ci ca h tht khim tn v Jigme Lingpa hiu rng l mt s gia h cho php ngi m ng i sng tu hnh ca mnh, khng b thc p phi tham gia cc ngha v x hi hay v ho nhong qu tc. T thi th u, ngi nh li cc ha thn i trc ca mnh, chng hn nh l i Tertn Sangye Lama (1000-1080?). Mt trong nhng chic rng ca ngi c nh du vi ch H - ng ca Pht, c coi l du hiu ca vic ngi l ha thn ca Vimalamitra. Cng th, nh c biu th trong mt tc phm tin tri, ngi c ba mi nt rui nh hi trong hnh dng mt chy kim cng ni tim, khong ba mi nt rui nh hi ti rn trong hnh dng mt ci chung nghi l, v trn ngn ci phi ca ngi c nhng ng vch trong hnh dng mt ch HYA 100

hay HRH, chng t ca Bn Tn Hayagrva. T thi th u tm ngi khng dnh mc nhng vui th th gian, v ngi c lng bi mn, thng tu, v can m phi thng. Ngi c xc nhn l ha thn th mi ba ca Gyalse Lhaje,141 ngi th nhn gio l Kad Chkyi Gyatso t Guru Rinpoche, tt c cc ngi u l nhng tertn. Cng th, trong bi cu nguyn dng truyn tha ti yu vit cho cc t, Jigme Lingpa cp ti nhiu i qu kh v mt i trong tng lai ca ngi nh th ngi nhn thy r rng iu : 1- Samantabhadra (Ph Hin), ng trm khp sinh t v Nit bn, s tng tc ca nn tng, tinh ty rt ro ca Pht tnh, 2- Sau [s hp nht ca] lng i bi v tnh Khng xut hin nh c Avalokiteshvara (Qun Th m), v 3- Prahevajra, con khn nguyn cc ngi. 4- Sau hin l l trng t ca Vua Krikr trong s hin din ca c Pht Kshyapa (Ca Dip), 5- Nanda, bo ca c Pht, 6- karmati, mt hin l ca Vua Songtsen Gampo, v 7- Vua Trison Detsen, con khn nguyn cc ngi. 8- i thnh tu gi Virvapa ca n , [9] Cng cha Pemasal, 10- Gyalse Lhaje, Php vng trong thn ngi, 11- Tri-me Knden (ca n ), 12- Yarje Ogyen Lingpa (1323-?), 13- Da Zhnu (1079-1153) phi Kagy v 14- Trakpa Gyaltsen (1147-1216) phi Sakya, con khn nguyn cc ngi. 15- Sau Longchen Rabjam (1308-1363), s hin l ca chnh i thnh tu gi Vimalamitra, 16- Ngari Penchen (1487-1542), 17- Chgyal Phntsok (th k th 16, nam t ca Drikung Rinchen Phntsok), 18- Changdak Tashi Tobgyal (1550-1602?), 19- Dzamling Dorje (x Kongpo) v 20- Jigme Lingpa (1730-1798), con khn nguyn cc ngi. 21- Sau v Thy ny, hin l qua ha thn ca Yeshe Dorje [1800-66].142 Nm ln su, nh mt sa di bnh thng, ngi gia nhp Tu vin Palri (Shrparvata) trong Thung lng Chongye, tr x ca Trangpo Terchen Sherap zer (1517-1584). Tsogyal Tlku Ngawang Lobzang Pema ban cho ngi php danh Pema Khyentse zer. Nh ngi ni, t su ti mi ba tui, ngi dng nhiu thi gi nghch t vi cc sa di cng trang la hn l hc. Ngi sng cuc i ca mt sa di ngho t thun li trong vic hc tp, v nm ny qua nm khc phi ng u vi nhng thy tr gio ht sc nghim khc. Tuy nhin, nhit tm mnh lit ca ngi dnh cho Php, lng sng m t nhin i vi Guru Rinpoche, v lng bi mn bm sinh ca ngi i vi tt c chng sinh, c bit l vi th vt, tr lc cho ngi v khin cho tui th ca ngi trn y nim vui v ngha. Mc d c v l mt sa di tm thng, i sng ni tm ca ngi tht phong ph. Ban ngy ca ngi ngp y nhng thnh tu thin nh v cm hng nhng th kin thanh tnh. Vo ban 101

m, ngi ha nhp trong nhng gic mng l nhng kinh nghim v th kin tm linh. Trong nhng hon cnh nh th, ngi tinh thng vn phm, lun l, chim tinh, thi ca, lch s, y khoa, v nhiu Kinh in v Tantra (Mt in). Ngoi vic nhn lnh nhng trao truyn qun nh b truyn, ngi khng cm thy cn phi c mt o s hay hc tp chi tit bt k ch tr thc no nh nhng ngi hc o nghim tc khc lm. Ngi hc hi cc ch khc nhau ch bng cch nghe trm nhng on gio l ca cc lp hc ca nhng t khc hay lic nhn cc bn vn. Nhiu o s tr nn thng thi nh vic nghin cu v sau chng ng nh thin nh. Jigme Lingpa thng thi t bm sinh, l kt qu ca s tnh gic chng ng tr tu trong bn thn ngi. Tuy nhin, hin l bn ngoi l s bng n cui cng v vin mn ca tr tu bao la ca ngi th mi sau ny mi xy ra, khi ngi c cc th kin v Longchen Rabjam vo nm ba mi mt tui. Ngi vit: Mt cch t nhin, ti cm thy tht sung sng khi c th nghin cu bt k ch no, chng hn nh ngn ng, nhng tc phm c in, Kinh in cng cc bnh ging ca chng, hay gio l Kim Cng tha v bn tnh ti hu. Ti nghin cu tt c nhng iu c ngy ln m vi s tn knh ln lao. Nhng ti kh c c hi pht trin s hiu bit bng cch hc tp vi mt o s, ngay c ch trong mt ngy. Tuy nhin, ti Tu vin Samye Chimphu vinh quang, nh ba ln nhn thy thn tr tu ca Longchenpa, v nh nhn lnh cc s gia h qua nhng du hiu khc nhau, nghip ca ti v tr tu-hiu bit c nh thc t s su thm ca i Vin mn.143 T Neten Kunzang zer, ln u tin ngi nhn s truyn dy chnh yu ca mnh, s trao truyn gio l Trlthik Gongpa Rangtrl do Trengpo Terchen Sherap zer (cn c gi l Drodl Lingpa) khm ph, gio kha Lama Gongd do Sangye Lingpa (1340-1396) khm ph, v By Kho tng v Ba C Xe ca Longchen Rabjam (1308-1363). Nm mi ba tui, Jigme Lingpa gp tertn v i Rigzin Thukchok Dorje144 v lp tc tri nghim mt lng sng m mnh lit nh thc tm tr tu ca ngi. T v tertn ngi nhn cc truyn dy v gio hun v Mahmudr (i n) v nhng gio l khc. Thukchok Dorje tr thnh v Thy gc ca ngi, v ngi nhn cc s gia h t v Thy ny trong cc linh kin ngay c sau khi o s th tch. Jigme Lingpa cng nhn cc truyn dy t nhiu v Thy khc, k c Thekchen Lingpa Drotn Tharchin (cn gi l Trime Lingpa, 1700-1776), ch ca ngi l Dharmakrti, Chakzampa Tendzin Yeshe Lhndrup th by, Thangdrok Tlku Pema Rigdzin Wangpo x Kongpo,145 Trati Ngakchang Rigpe Dorje (cn gi l Kong-nyn) x Kongpo, v Mn Dzakar Lama Dargye. u nm hai mi tm tui, ngi bt u mt cuc nhp tht ba nm nghim nht ti Tu vin Palri v tr gi by li nguyn trong c thy by nm. Nhng gii nguyn ny cho ta thy tm quan trng ca vic hon thin chnh mnh trc khi i ra gip ngi khc hon thnh mc ch ca cuc i. By li nguyn ca ngi nh sau:

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1- Ngi khng vo nh ca bt k c s no, cng khng hng th bt k tr gii tr no. 2- Cho d ang sng trong mt cng ng, ngi hn ch tip xc vi nhiu ngi (trong phng ca ngi) hay iu khin bt k s t hi no nui dng lng sn hn hay tham m. 3- Ngi khng lin lc th t vi bt k ai, khng nhn cng nh khng gi bt k ngn t no. 4- Ngi duy tr mt cuc i kh hnh v t ch khng i Gio Php ly li lc vt cht. 5- Ngi t ch mi hot ng xao lng, ch hin dng mi n lc ca mnh cho mi hot ng lin quan ti vic tu tp Php.146 6- Ngi sng bng phng tin n gin v thn trng khng hng th mi vt cht c cng dng do c tin. 7- Ngi khng thc hin bt k iu no trong bn hnh ng147 v hi hng mi hot ng cho s gii thot khi sinh t. Ngi tp trung vic thin nh vo giai on pht trin v ton thin, c t nn trn Trolthik Gongpa Rangtrl. S tnh gic chnh nim ca ngi khin ngi bo v c tm thc thot khi cc phng tm trong thin nh, d ch lu bng thi gian ca ting bt ngn tay. Khi ngi c By Kho Tng ca Longchen Rabjam, b sch ny gii p mi vn ngi c v cc kinh nghim thin nh ni tm ca mnh. Khi tin b qua cc giai on chng ng, ngi kinh nghim nhiu du hiu thnh tu trong tm v thn. Ngi kinh nghim cc linh kin ca nhiu Lt ma v nhng bc linh thnh, k c Guru Rinpoche, Yeshe Tsogyal, Manjushrmitra, v Hmkara, cc linh kin ny nh thc nhng giai on khc nhau ca tr tu su xa ca ngi. Thnh lnh ngi nhn ra rng im quy chiu ca mi kinh nghim trong tm ngi b nh bt gc. Ngi nm c quyn thng lnh tin trnh ca nhng nghip lc ca ngi. Mi hang ca nhng hnh tng di gt (ngha l nhng i tng, trn tm thc nng ta rn c lun hi sinh t nh nguyn) hon ton b sp . Nh sc mnh ca s chng ng tnh gic, ngi c th nh li tht r rng nhiu i trong qu kh. Trong tm chng ng ca ngi, tt c nhng kinh nghim v linh kin c bn tnh nht nh. Nh nhng tu tp du gi, ngi thnh tu vic kim sot cc kinh mch, nng lc, v tinh cht ca thn kim cng ca ngi. Kt qu l c hng ca ngi m rng nh gio kha ti bo ca gio l. Nhng kinh mch trong thn ngi chuyn ha thnh nhng m my ch. Mi hnh tng hin tng bin thnh nhng du hiu/c ch ca Php. Li ni (ng) ca ngi tr thnh nhng chng o ca su xa. Cc tc phm ca ngi tr thnh nhng lun thuyt trn y nng lc tr tu v i v s uyn bc. Mt i dng v tn cc hin tng c tnh cht gio l tip tc n bng ra bi ngi v t ni ngi. Sau ngi bin son tc phm quan trng u tin l Khyentse Melong zer Gyawa, mt lun ging v gio kho Lama Gongd. Xut hin trong mt linh kin, Guru Rinpoche ban cho ngi php danh Pema Wangchen. Trong mt linh kin, Manjushrmitra gia h cho ngi, nh ngi chng ng ngha ca tr tu tng trng (mTshon Byed dPei Ye Shes). V sau, ngi thay i nhng chic y mu nu sm thnh y phc n gin ca mt nh tu kh hnh, nhng o chong trng gin d v tc di khng ct. Nm hai mi tm tui, ngi khm ph s hin l phi thng ca gio kha Longchen Nyingthig, cc gio l ca Php Thn v Guru Rinpoche, nh terma tm. Ti ngy hai mi lm thng mi nm Ha Ngu thuc chu k Rabjung th mi

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ba (1757), ngi i ng vi mt lng sng m v b i vi Guru Rinpoche trong tim ngi. V khng c nhn thy Guru Rinpoche, ngi rn ra nc mt v khng ngt cu nguyn theo hi th ca ngi. Ngi an tr trong kinh nghim thin nh su xa v s quang minh chi li (Od gSal Gyi sNang Ba) trong mt thi gian di. Khi m chm trong s quang minh , ngi chng nghim mnh ci trn mt con s t trng bay mt qung trn khng trung. Cui cng ngi ti mt con ng vng m ngi ngh l con ng i nhiu ca Charung Khashor, ngy nay c gi l Bo Thp Bodhnath, mt i k nim Pht Gio quan trng thuc kin trc v i Nepal. Trong sn pha ty ca thp, ngi thy Php Thn xut hin trong thn tng ca mt dkin tr tu. B giao cho ngi mt ci trp bng g tuyt p v ni: i vi cc t c tm thc thanh tnh, Ngi l Trisong Detsen. i vi cc t c tm thc bt tnh, Ngi l Senge Repa. y l kho tng tm ca Samantabhadra (Ph Hin), Nhng ch vit tng trng ca Rigdzin Padmasambhava, v Nhng kho tng b mt v i ca cc dkin. Cc du hiu kt thc ! V dkin bin mt. Vi mt kinh nghim v cng h lc, ngi m ci trp. Trong ngi tm thy nm ng giy cun mu vng vi by ht pha l. Trc tin, ch vit kh c, nhng sau n bin thnh ch Ty Tng. Mt trong nhng cun ny l Dug-ngal Rangtrl, Sdhana ca c Avalokiteshvara, v cun khc l Nechang Thukkyi Drombu, cm nang tin tri ca Longchen Nyingthig. Rhula, mt trong nhng v H Php, hin ra trc ngi t lng tn knh. Khi ngi c dkin khc khuyn khch, Jigme Lingpa nut tt c cc cun giy vng v nhng ht pha l. Ngay lp tc, ngi c kinh nghim ng kinh ngc rng ton th cc ch trong gio kho Longchen Nyingthig cng cc ngha ca n c nh thc trong tm ngi nh th chng c in ln . Ngay c khi dt kinh nghim thin nh , ngi vn an tr trong s chng ng gic tnh ni ti, s hp nht v i ca i lc v tnh Khng. Nh vy, gio l Longchen Nyingthig v s chng ng, l nhng g c Guru Rinpoche trao ph v ct giu trong ngi nhiu th k trc, c nh thc, v ngi tr thnh mt tertn, ngi khm ph gio kha Longchen Nyingthig. Ngi ln lt chp li gio l Longchen Nyingthig, bt u bng Nechang Thukkyi Drombu. Ngi gi b mt mi gio l ngi khm ph trong by nm v cha n lc ging dy cho ngi khc. i vi mt tertn, cng l iu ct yu v trc tin bn thn ngi phi thc hnh gio l. Mc d ang duy tr cuc sng ca mt yog n mt nhng bi ngi ton thin nng lc ca bn hot ng m khng cn phi dng cng, nhng ngi sng quanh ngi pht trin lng tn knh v tin tng mt cch t nhin i vi ngi, v ngi tr thnh mt sui ngun li lc cho nhiu ngi.

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Nm ba mi mt tui, ngi bt u thc hin cuc nhp tht ba nm ln th hai ti Chimphu gn Samye. Trc tin ngi bt u nhp tht trong mt hang ng c gi l ng Nyang Thng. Sau ngi khm ph hang ng khc v nhn ra n chnh l ng Sangchen Metok hay ng Nyang H, ni Vua Trisong Detsen nhn gio l Nyingthig t Nyang v thin nh v cc gio l . Trong thi gian cn li ca cuc nhp tht, ngi sng ti ng Sangchen. Trong cuc nhp tht ti Chimphu, s chng ng ti cao v i Vin mn thc tnh trong Jigme Lingpa, v thc gic c c l nh ba linh kin thanh tnh v thn tr tu ca Longchen Rabjam (1308-1363), Php Thn trong s hin l thun tnh. Trong ng Nyang Thng ngi c linh kin u tin, trong ngi nhn s gia h ca thn kim cng ca Longchen Rabjam. Jigme Lingpa nhn c s truyn dy v ngn t ln ngha ca gio l ca Longchen Rabjam. Sau khi di chuyn ti Sangchen Phuk (ng i Linh Thnh), ngi c linh kin th hai v th ba. Trong linh kin th hai ngi nhn s gia h v ng ca Longchen Rabjam, nh ngi xin dng v truyn b gio l su xa ca Longchen Rabjam nh ngi i din ca v Thy ny. Trong linh kin th ba Jigme Lingpa nhn s gia h ca tm tr tu ca Longchen Rabjam, n nh thc hoc trao truyn cho ngi nng lc khng th din by ca s tnh thc gic ng ni ti ca Longchen Rabjam. V khng c mc tiu (im quy chiu) khch quan no nn gi y i vi Jigme Lingpa mi s xut hin bn ngoi tr nn v cng rng ln. Khng c s thin nh hay trng thi thin nh ring bit no theo ui. Bi khng c mc tiu ch quan no trong thm tm ngi nn tt c tr nn gii thot mt cch t nhin v hon ton m trng trong s nht nh. Ngi bin son Knkhyen Zhallung v mt vi tc phm khc l chn ngha ca By Kho Tng ca Longchen Rabjam, chng thc gic trong tm tr tu ca ngi. Ngi biu l nng lc tr tu trong cc bi ca kim cng cho nhng ngi bn n s sng tn ca ngi, lin quan ti nhng tnh hung khc nhau: Bn tnh ca tm ging nh khng gian rng ln, Nhng n siu vit, bi n s hu tr tu. Quang minh chi ngi nh mt tri v mt trng, Nhng n siu vit, bi khng c cht th. Gic tnh ni ti nh mt qu cu pha l, Nhng n siu vit, bi khng c nhng chng ngi hay ngn che.148 V: Nam t, tm ang ngm nhn tm Khng phi l s tnh gic ca bn tnh bm sinh. V th, trong tm hin ti, khng c nhng chnh sa v Nhng lay ng, hy ch an tr t nhin. Nam t, s hiu bit (bt k iu g) vi nhng hi c ca con Khng c nhng thin xo ct yu ca s thin nh. V th, trong trng thi t nhin v ti mi ca s tnh gic ni ti, Hy an tr khng cht bm nu.

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Nam t, ngi ta ngh rng s an tr (nht tm) (ca tm) l thin nh, Nhng n thiu s hp nht ca s an nh v ni qun. V th, khng ly v b nhng an tr hay nhng phng chiu ca tm, Hy s tnh gic ni ti an tr t do khng c bt k im quy chiu no.149 V: Nam t, s qun tng th cng, r rng v vng chc Khng phi l Mahyoga ton ho. Tan ha tm bm nu ni mt v tay ca cc Bn Tn, hy an tr trong ci bao la rng ln, i Vin Mn ca tnh cht nht th ca gic tnh ni ti v tnh Khng. Nam t, s bm nu vo nhng kinh nghim ca bn h lc Khng phi l Anuyoga ton ho. Khi tm v nng lc nhp vo kinh mch trung ng, Hy an tr trong (s hp nht ca) i lc v tnh Khng, s i gii thot khi cc nim tng.. Nam t, ch hiu bit v s thnh tu t nhin ca ba thn, Th khng phi l Atiyoga ti hu. Trong bn tnh ca ni qun chui-kim cng, Hy lm lc ca s phn tch trong tm sp .150 V: Bnh tt l nhng cy chi qut sch nhng c hnh ca con, Coi bnh tt nh nhng v Thy, hy khn cu chng.. Bnh tt ang n vi con nh thin tm ca cc v Thy v Tam Bo. Bnh tt l nhng thnh tu ca con, v th hy tn th chng nh cc Bn Tn. Bnh tt l nhng du hiu cho thy nghip xu ca con ang b cn kit. ng nhn vo mt bnh tt ca con, nhng nhn vo k (tm) ang bnh. ng t bnh tt trn tm con, nhng hy t gic tnh ni ti trn tri ca con trn bnh tt. y l gio hun v bnh tt xut hin nh Php Thn. Thn xc th v tri v tm l tnh Khng. Ci g c th khin mt vt v tri au n hay lm hi tnh Khng? Hy tm xem bnh tt t u ti, chng i u, v chng an tr u. Bnh tt ch l nhng phng chiu bt ng ca nhng nim tng ca con. Khi nhng nim tng y tan bin, bnh tt cng bin mt.. t chy cc nghip xu th khng c nhin liu no tt hn bnh tt. ng dnh mc vo mt tm thc bun b hay nhng quan im tiu cc v bnh tt,

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M hy nhn chng nh nhng du hiu cnh bo cho cc nghip xu ca con, v hy hoan h v chng.151 Sau ngi nhn nhng truyn dy Mi by Tantra Nyingthig, Vima Nyingthig, Lama Yangtig, v mt vi s truyn dy v gio l Nyingma khc t Drubwang Ogyen Palgn (Shrnatha) ca Tu vin Mindroling, cng l ngi c h xa vi Jigme Lingpa. Lc u ngi cng nhn nhng truyn dy cc gio l Nyingthig v cc tc phm ca Longchen Rabjam t Thangdrokpa v Neten Knzang. Tuy nhin, dng truyn dy ngn v tuyt i ca cc gio l Nyingma ti hu n vi ngi trc tip t Longchen Rabjam trong ba linh kin thanh tnh. Khi ngi ra khi tht, ngi nhn ra rng thn th ngi hon ton suy kit do thiu thc phm v y phc thch hp trong nhng nm sng trong hang ng. Ngi vit: Bi thc phm t i v phi sng trong mt mi trng khc nghit, tt c nhng g cn st li ca nhng c nghip v cc mn n nghip trong nhng i trc ca ti bt u thun thc trn thn th ti. Bi nhng cht dch ca kh (rlung), lng ti au n nh th b nh bng mt hn . L mt hu qu ca vic kh huyt dy ng, ngc ti au n nh th b ng inh vo ngi. Thn ti rt nng n, chn b sng ty ln bi bnh ph chn voi. Nh mt ng gi trm tui, nng lc th xc ca ti hon ton suy kit. Ti khng thy thm n.. Ch i ba bc l thn ti bt u nghing ng. Nhng ti ngh: Nu ti cht, ti s hon thnh li khuyn dy ca nhng bc Thy lc ban u, cc ngi ni: Hy giao ph tm con cho Php. Hy giao ph vic thc hnh Php ca con cho cuc i ca mt k hnh kht. V ti t c xc quyt trong s chng ng i Vin mn, ngay c mt nim lo lng cng khng hin din trong tm ti, nhng trong ti khi dy mt lng bi mn ln lao i vi nhng ngi ang au kh bi tui gi v bnh tt.152 Sau ngi c mt linh kin thanh tnh v Thangtong Gyalpo, mt hin gi ca s trng th, v i vi Jigme Lingpa mi s vic tan ha vo s hp nht ca i lc v tnh Khng. Do , ngi ngi ca nng lc chng ng ca ngi trong nhng li sau: Con ci ly ng Hin gi V i Thangtong Gyalpo! Ti chng ng tuyt nh ca nhng ci thy (kin), Dzogpa Chenpo khng c g thin nh, v mi s c gii thot nh ci thy. Ti pht l c thin nh, vua ca cc hot ng (hnh). Gi y, ti, k hnh kht, khng c g phi n nn, cho d ti phi cht.. Ti, k hnh kht, k bit cch chuyn ha bnh tt thnh con ng, Khi qun tng o s, sui ngun ca cc c hnh, Ti lun xa h lc trn u ti, Ti thin nh v con ng su xa Guru Yoga. Bi bnh tt v kh au l nhng cy chi qut sch cc c nghip, Bi nhn thc rng bnh tt l s gia h ca o s, Ti thin nh v bnh tt nh Lt ma v th nhn bn qun nh t chng. Sau cng, bi nhn thc Lt ma nh bn tm ti,

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Ti gii thot mi s vo chn tnh ca tm, n thanh tnh t nguyn thy v thot khi bt k ni y c (im quy chiu) no.153 Ngi chng ng khun mt ca c Ph Hin ti thng, Php Thn, v mi bnh tt tan bin vo php gii ti hu. Tht nhanh chng, thn ngi cng trn y nng lc, khng cn au n hay gp chng ngi no na. Ri ti lc hin l cc gio l Longchen Nyingthig cho cc t sau by nm gi n mt. Mc d chng ai c cht manh mi no v vic khm ph Longchen Nyingthig, o s- t Kongnyn Bepe Naljor154 ca ngi, nh s thu th, khn cu Jigme Lingpa truyn dy gio l terma tm ca ngi. Nh mt im lnh, ngi cng chp nhn nhng khn cu tit l cc gio l vi nhng s cng dng ca ba tlku quan trng Nam Ty Tng. Vo ngy mng mi thng su nm Thn Mc (1765), ln u tin Jigme Lingpa ban cc qun nh v ging dy gio kha Longchen Nyingthig cho mi lm t. Dn dn nhng nhanh chng, cc gio l Longchen Nyingthig i ti mi ngc ngch ca th gii Nyingma v cho ti ngy nay tr thnh tm yu ca cc gio hun thin nh cho nhiu thin gi chng ng v nhng nghi l. Nm ba mi bn tui, t Chimphu, Jigme Lingpa i ti Tsering Jong, X Trng Th trong Thung lng Tnkhar min Nam Ty Tng. , vi s bo tr ca dng h Depa Push,155 ngi xy mt n tht vi mt hc vin thin nh v t tn n l Tharpa Chenp Trongkhyer Pema O Ling, Hoa vin Nguyt Quang ca Kinh thnh i Gii thot. Ngi khng mun c mt kin trc s b rng buc vo th ch v thng xuyn trch dn Ba mi Li Khuyn Trng yu ca Longchen Rabjam, nh cm nang ca ngi:156 Tp hp nhiu ngi ng s bng nhng phng tin khc nhau, S hu mt tu vin vi nhng tin nghi thoi miNu cc con c gng, iu y s xy ti trong mt thi gian, nhng n lm xao lng tm. V th li khuyn tm huyt ca ta l hy mt mnh. Tsering Jong tr thnh tr x ca Jigme Lingpa trong phn cn li ca i ngi. Mt dng cc t v i i ti n tht v cng n s ny nhn nhng gio l v truyn dy su xa nh cam l t Rigdzin Jigme Lingpa, o s v i nht ca i Vin mn, nhng sau cc t tr v bn x ca h chia s gio l cho nhng ngi khc. V th Tsering Jong vn l mt n tht n s v Jigme Lingpa vn l mt n s khim tn. Ngi khng quan tm ti ca ci hay quyn hnh v s dng mi vt cng dng cho ngi vo cc mc ch tn gio. Sui i ngi, ngi cng tch cc chuc li mng sng ca th vt t tay nhng th sn v t. Ngi ni:157 Ta khng quan tm ti bt k hot ng ngh nghip hay thu hoch no. Ta khng lang thang c hnh cc nghi l trong nhng ph th ( c nhng tng vt). Ta khng gi bn mnh hn mi khal158 la mch (nh phng tin sinh sng).

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Chng no ta cn sng, ta nguyn tip tc cuc i kh hnh ny. c mt thi sau thi i ca Jigme Lingpa, n tht Tsering Jong tr thnh mt n tu vin, v n vn tn ti nh th cho ti khong nm 1959, khi mi s b bin hoi trong cuc bin ng chnh tr. T u thp nin 1980, mt ln na Tsering Jong c ti lp thnh mt n tu vin. Tnh kh ca Jigme Lingpa su sc, mnh m, v thng thn, nhng ngi cng mn cm, n gin v d gn gi. Ngi vit: Tri gic ca ti tr nn tng t nh tri gic ca mt a tr. Thm ch ti vui thch khi chi a vi tr con. Khi gp nhng ngi c khim khuyt nng n, ti nm vo mt h nhng li lm ring t ca h, cho d h l nhng nh lnh o tm linh kh knh hay nh bo tr Gio Php ho phng..Trong mi vic nh ngi, i, ng, hay n ung, ti gi gn tm ti khng bao gi tch la s chi ngi ca bn tnh ti hu. Nu l vic phng s Gio Php, ti hin mnh cho s ton thin ca Php, cho d iu c coi l bt kh.159 Nm bn mi ba tui, ngi thu thp v y thc vic sao chp cc Tantra Nyingma trong hai mi lm pho sch, v sng tc Lch s cc Tantra Nyingma.160 Sau ny, theo li khuyn ca Jigme Lingpa v Dodrupchen, nh vua v hong hu nhip chnh x Dege t lm nhng bn khc g tuyn tp Tantra Nyingma ca ngi, v hin nay nhng bn khc ny vn cn c dng in n. Nm nm mi by tui, theo li mi ca Sakya Trichen l Ngawang Palden Chkyong, ngi ti Sakya v ban cc gio l cng s truyn dy cho Trichen, anh ca v Thy ny, v nanda Shrbhava, v khenchen (i tu vin trng, i hc gi) an tr Sakya, v nhiu ngi khc. Khi ngi t Sakya tr v, Lt ma Snam Chden m sau ny c gi l Dodrupchen (17451821) t x Kham n nhn gio l ni ngi.161 Dodrupchen coi ngi nh Thangtong Gyalpo, ngc li Jigme Lingpa xc nhn Dodrupchen l tlku ca Lhase Murum Tsepo v ban cho v ny php danh Jigme Thrinle zer. Qua Dodrupchen, Dzogchen Rinpoche tam v vua x Dege gi s gi mi ngi ti Kham, nhng ngi t chi v l do tui tc v sc khe, cng nh bi ngi quan tm ti ni nhc nhn ca nhng con nga trong cuc hnh trnh gian kh. Barchung Gomchen Rigdzin v Mange Pema Knzang t Kham ti nhn gio l v s truyn dy. V sau Pema Kunzang tr thnh Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku (1765 1843), mt t ni ting ca Jigme Lingpa. Trong khi Rigdzin v Pema Knzang Lhasa, trc khi cc ngi ti Tsering Jong, c k ly cp mt ming bc l vt duy nht m cc ngi c sinh sng v chi dng trong cuc du hnh. Jigme Lingpa vit mt bi th an i cc ngi: Nu cc ng bit cch em au kh vo con ng ca v bnh ng, Mi hon cnh bt hnh s xut hin nh s h tr cho cc c hnh. V th hy t ch vic nui dng nhng quan im i nghch. Nu cc ng thc hnh nh ta ging dy, Tm cc ng v tm ta s hp nht lm mt. s chng ng siu vt mi khi nim s sinh khi, v

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Cc ng s an tr trong bn tnh bao la ca Php Thn, trong khng c s nh nguyn. Cu mong c nguyn ca cc ng c hon thnh.162 Nm 1788, khi ngi su mi tui,163 Jigme Lingpa ban cc gio l v s truyn dy cho vua v hong hu x Dege ti Samye. H tr thnh nhng ngi sng m ca ngi v hong hu tr thnh mt trong nhng nh bo tr chnh. Nm su mi hai tui, theo khn cu ca Gntse Tlku, ngi ving thm Gntse Gnpa x Tsona Mn v ban gio l cng cc s truyn dy. Vo lc ny, Jigme Lingpa c mt bnh v mt.164 Dodrupchen phi nhn danh ngi trao truyn bn vn (lung) cho cc t k c Gtsang Tlku Jigme Tenpe Gyaltsen. H phi Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku i mi mt thy thuc, v ny thc hin thnh cng mt cuc gii phu. Nm ngi su mi ba tui (1791), qun i Nepal tn cng min Ty Ty Tng v nhiu ngi phi chu au kh. Jigme Lingpa c hnh nhiu bui l v gi phm vt cng dng ti nhiu ngi cha cu xin ha bnh v s bo h. Nm su mi lm tui, Ngi v v phi ngu l Gyalyum Drlkar tr x ca Depa Push,165 c mt con trai tn l Gyalse Nyinche zer (1793-?). Jigme Lingpa khng th nhn nhiu li mi thnh. Tuy nhin, nh Gyantse ngi i ti Tu vin Thekchok Chling Tsang v ban cc gio l cng cc s truyn dy cho nhiu t m ng u l Khenpo Ogyen Palgn, v nhiu a im trn ng i. Tu vin ny tu tp theo dng Longchen Nyingthig. Tu vin Dorje Trak, Ngi ban mt lot gio l v truyn dy cho Rigdzin Chenmo v nhng v khc. Ngi nhn nhng th khn cu v vt cng dng t vua Mng C Chgyal Ngawang Dargye (17591807),166 mt t ca Dodrupchen v o s ca Zhapkar Tsoktruk Rangtrl (17811851).167 Trong khi , da trn s giao thip gia v Dzogchen Rinpoche cui cng v Jigme Lingpa, cc Lt ma ca Tu vin Dzogchen thit tha hi xem con trai ca ngi c th l tlku (ti sinh) ca Dzogchen Rinpoche th ba hay khng, nhng Jigme Lingpa khng biu l bt k du hiu no l vic ny c th xy ra. Chnh Gyalse nh li i qu kh ca mnh v c ni: Ti thuc v Drikung, t khi cn nh.168 Sau Sakya Trichen xc nhn cu b l ti sinh ca Chkyi Nyima (17551792), v Chungtsang th t,169 mt trong hai v lnh o ca truyn thng Drikung Kagy. Nm su mi chn tui, vi nghi l long trng, trng l do cc tn Drikung t chc, Jigme Lingpa cng con trai du hnh ti Drikung d l tn phong cho ngi con. l mt c hi hi hu mi ngi nhng ni khc nhau dc theo con ng c nhn thy v nghe ngi, bc o s v i. Nhng v phi du hnh di ngy v lin tc thc hin cc Pht s, o s gi yu suy kit th xc. Chng bao lu, do thay i nc v mi trng, ngi ng bnh trm trng, v c lc mi ngi khng cn hy vng ngi c th hi phc. Ri tht bt ng, t thnh a Yama Lung mt t ca ngi em v mt vin thuc Ty Tng c gi l karpo chikthup, v sau khi ung thuc Ngi hi phc mt cch k diu v thm ch cn ti tr hn trc, ging nh mt ngi mi. Nm by mi tui, t Drikung ngi tr v Tsering Jong, dng li rt nhiu thnh a trn ng v c hnh cc bui l, cng dng, v ban cc gio l. Sc

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khe c v kh quan nhng ngi t quan tm ti vic n v ng. Ngy ln m, ngi vn an ta trong t th T L Gi Na hay t th hin gi. i mt ngi khng chp. Ngi ni rng ngi cn sng l nh lm ch c sinh lc ca mnh. Nhiu ln, ngi ni bng gi rng chng bao lu na ngi s mt. Nhng khi cc t tr nn bn lon lo bun th ngi thay i ti hoc i khi cn ni: , s khng c g nguy him cho tnh mng ca ta u. Ngi ni ring vi mt t thn tn rng ngi sp cht v s ti sinh, nhng khng cn phi tm kim ha thn mi ca ngi. Ngi bo h nn t chc mt tang l n gin v bng cch ging nhng cch thc thc hin, ngi gi rng h nn bo qun thi hi. Khi cc t t mun mi mt y s, Ngi ni: ! Nu mun th cc con c th mi; nhng ta khng c bnh th y s cha tr ci g? Du sao chng na cng ng mi y s phng xa ti, iu ch gy thm nhc mt cho ngi v th. Tht im tnh, ngi vn chm sc mi ngi v ban gia h cng cc gio l khi c yu cu. Trong nhiu ngy, ma hoa ri xung quanh tr x ca ngi v lin tip xy ra cc trn ng t nh. Mt hm ngi di chuyn ti Namtrl Tse, n tht mi trn cao, v t ra ht sc vui thch c . Ngi tip vi ngi khch v ban gio l. Ngay ngy hm sau, ngy mng ba thng chn nm Th Ng (1798), ngi ban mt gio l v thin nh Tr Trng. T sng sm, mt mi hng m v ngt ngo trn ngp ton b n tht. Bu tri tht trong tro v khng mt cht gi nhng t bu tri xanh, mt trn ma du lc rc lin tc. Mi ngi kinh ngc nhng lo u. Sau , khi mn m bung xung, ngi yu cu sp cc mn cng dng mi ln bn th. Khi ngi an ta trong t th hin gi, mi hin l ca ngi tan ha trong bn tnh nguyn s. Cc t ca ngi khm ph hai di chc khc nhau c ct du hai ni ring bit. Chng bao gm cc gio l thin nh cho cc t v nhng ch dn v tang l v ha thn ca ngi. Mt trong hai di chc c nhng dng sau: Ta lun lun trong trng thi ti hu; i vi ta khng c i hay . Cuc ph din ca sinh v t ch l tng i. Ta gic ng trong s gii thot nguyn s v i!170 Vi thng sau tang l, ti Tsering Jong v nhiu tu vin v n th min Trung v min ng Ty Tng v Bhutan, di hi ca ngi c t trong mt stpa (thp) nh bng vng n tht Tsering Jong, v n c gi gn cho ti khi ni vin Tsering Jong b ph hy hai thp nin trc. Sau khi ngi th tch, cc ha thn ni ting ca ngi gm: Do Khyentse Yeshe Dorje (18001866), c coi l ha thn v thn ca ngi, Paltrl Rinpoche (1808 1887), ha thn v ng; v Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (18201892), ha thn v tm.171 Jigme Lingpa vit nm pho sch gm cc lun thuyt sng tc v cc bn vn terma c khm ph. Cc tc phm ni ting trong s l Longchen Nyingthig, mt tuyn tp cc gio hun thin nh v bn vn nghi l trong hai (hay ba) quyn, chng c khm ph nh cc gio l terma; Phurba Gyluk, mt quyn sch v nghi l Vajrakla, c coi l terma v Kinh in; Ynten Rinpoche Dz vi t thut

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gm hai quyn, tc phm uyn o ni ting nht ca ngi; v Yeshe Lama, tc phm tr thnh cm nang bao qut nht v thin nh Dzogpa Chenpo trong truyn thng Nyingma. Longchen Nyingthig vn tn ti nh mt truyn thng terma quan trng, v vi cc tc phm uyn o ca ngi, dng truyn tha ca Jigme Lingpa tr thnh mt trong nhng ph phi ph bin nht ca truyn thng Nyingma cho ti ngy nay. Trong dng Longchen Nyingthig, tt c cc t v i t u l nhng i hnh gi lo luyn, nh chnh Jigme Lingpa tin on: Trong dng truyn tha Nyingthig Quang minh Chi li ca ta, s xut hin nhng a con ( t) v i hn cha v nhng a chu v i hn ng ca h.172 Trong s nhng i t ca ngi, nhng ngi chnh yu c Guru Rinpoche tin on trong Nechang Thukkyi Drombu, cm nang tin tri ca Longchen Nyingthig: Nh nhng ha thn ca Namkhe Nyingpo, Nyang, Chok-yang, V Hong t Linh thnh, cnh ca ca cc gio l s c m ra.173 Cc t174 l Nyangtn Trati Ngakchang Rikpe Dorje (cn gi l Kong-nyn Bepe Naljor),175 ha thn ca Namkhe Nyingpo; Lopn Jigme Kntrl x Bhutan, ha thn ca Nyang Tingdzin Zangpo; Thekchen Lingpa Drotn Tharchin (Dri Med Gling Pa, 1700-1776), ha thn ca Ngenlam Gyalwa Chok-yang; v Dodrupchen Jigme Thrinle zer, ha thn ca Hong t Murum Tsepo. Thekchen Lingpa, Thangdrokpa, v Trati Ngakchang va l Thy va l t ca Jigme Lingpa. Trong s cc t ca ngi, nhng o s c nh hng nht trong vic truyn b gio l Longchen Nyingthig l: Jigme Thrinle zer (1745-1821) Dodrupchen nht l v H tr Gio l chnh yu (rTsa Bai Chos bDag) ca Longchen Nyingthig. Dodrupchen xy dng ba tu vin:176 Drodn Knkhyap Ling ti Shukchen Tago Thung lng Do, v Yarlung Pemak trong Thung lng Ser. Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku Kham Dzachukha vn ti n tht Tramalung trong nhiu nm v v sau di chuyn ti ni n tu Dzagya. Jigme Kntrl x Bhutan xy dng Tu vin Dungsam Yonglha Tengye Riwo Palbar Ling177 min ng Bhutan. Ngy nay n c gi l Yongla Gn pha di Qun Pema Gatsal, min ng Bhutan. Danh hiu ca nhng t chnh yu khc ca Jigme Lingpa c lit k trong cy truyn tha ( cui sch). Trong s nhng nh bo tr chnh ca ngi c Depa Push bo tr vic xy dng n tht ca ngi ti Tsering Jong, nh vua v c bit l Hong hu Tsewang Lhamo x Dege, l ngi c tin tri l ha thn ca Phokyongza Gyalmotsn, Hong hu ca Vua Trisong Detsen,178 t lm nhng bn khc g ca cc Tantra C (rNying Ma rGyud Bum), nhiu pho sch ca Longchen Rabjam, v chn quyn sch ca Jigme Lingpa. Ngoi ra cn c Tatsak Tenpe Gnpo (mt nm 1810), nhip chnh ca Ty Tng, v Karmapa th mi ba Ddl Dorje (17331797), v ny rt tn knh ngi khi tham vn qua th t.

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Mc d cc t l thnh phn li lc ca x hi Ty Tng quy qun chung quanh Jigme Lingpa, ngi ch quan tm ti vic tm nhng v h tr dng truyn tha thc s, l nhng ngi hu nh xut thn t tng lp x hi bnh thng. Nhc ti nhng o s trong qu kh, ngi biu l quan im: C mt k hnh kht duy nht c th h tr dng truyn tha th tt hn l c mt ngn ngi li lc nh cc t ca ng.179 Cuc i ca Jigme Lingpa c v s nhng iu huyn diu, nhng ngi du kn nng lc huyn b ca mnh v sng mt cuc i ht sc n gin. Ngi l mt hc gi bm sinh khng tu hnh nhng gii lut truyn thng, nhng mi s biu l ca ngi c chuyn ha thnh cc gio l v mi hot ng l phc v cho ngi khc. Ngi sng n dt nh mt n s mt ni hiu qunh ti Tsering Jong, nhng nh sng tr tu ca ngi vn ti tn mi ngc ngch ca th gii Pht gio ca phi Nyingma, v n vn cn sng ngi trong nhiu tri tim rng m khp th gii. Ngi ra i vi nhng du hiu tt lnh trn thn, mt ch H trn rng, mt ch HYA ni ngn tay ci, mt hnh dng vajra (chy kim cng) ni tim, v hnh mt chung nghi l ti rn. Ngi c nhng linh kin v cc v Pht, Bn Tn, nhng o s dng truyn tha, v nhn nhng gio l v gia h do s trao truyn. Rng180 v tc181 ca ngi bin thnh x li nh du hiu ca vic ngi t c nhng thnh tu i Vin mn cao cp. nh hng quan trng nht m ngi li cho chng ta l nhng ngn t ca Php Thn, chn l ti hu trong hnh thc nhng tc phm v nhng gio l c khm ph (terma) ca ngi.

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DODRUPCHEN NHT JIGME THRINLE ZER (1745 1821)

DODRUPCHEN Rinpoche Jigme Thrinle zer 182 l v h tr gio l chnh yu (rTsa Bai Chos bDag) ca gio kha Longchen Nyingthig. Ngi c gi bng nhiu tn, trong c Knzang Zhenphen, Snam Chden, Changchup Dorje, v Drubwang Dzogchenpa. Ngi sinh ti Thung lng Do thng ca Tnh Golok min ng Ty Tng vo nm Mc Ngu thuc Rabjung th mi hai (1745). Thung lng Do trong Tnh Golok trn bin gii ca cc min Amdo v Kham. Znkho, thn ph ca Dodrupchen, xut thn t mt b tc chin s tn l Puchung trong dng Mukpo Dong. Thn mu ca ngi l Snamtso, xut thn t b tc Nizok (Nubzur). Vic ngi ra i c Guru Rinpoche tin tri: min ng xut hin mt ngi tn l zer, C lng sng m mnh lit, hnh vi phi thng, tm thc mnh m, v trn y tr tu. Ngi s h tr nhng gio l kho tng tm. V truyn b cc gio l ny vi s h tr ca nhiu ngi hu duyn.183 Khong ba tui, Dodrupchen bt u tit l nhng hi c v cc i trc ca ngi. Cha m ngi khng mun ngi nhc li nhng iu , bi h s ngi b mt th lc qu ma m nhp. Khong bn hay nm tui, thnh thong ngi chng kin nhng nh sng diu k ca cc th kin Tgal, v ngi m chm trong vi mt cm xc c vui ln bun. Nm su hay by tui, ngi nhn ra v sau nh li nhng ni kh ca con ngi do s ngho kh, bnh tt, gi nua, v ci cht. Bi th, mt ni bun v bin xm chim tri tim nh xu ca ngi, v khun mt nh b ca ngi lun lun m l.

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Nm ln by, cha m ngi gi ngi ti ngi ch, l mt Lt ma, hc ting Ty Tng v Kinh in. Ngi c th c c nhng li cu nguyn sau khi ch ngi dy mt ln, trong khi nhng ngi khc th phi lp li nhiu ln mi hc c. Mc d Dodrupchen sinh ra nh nhng o s v i trong nhng i qu kh ca ngi, lc cn nh ngi khng c tha nhn l mt tlku. V th ngi c ban cho s may mn v nhng thch thc khi tri qua vic hc tp v tu hnh nh mt hnh gi bnh thng phi lm Ty Tng. Nm ln mi, ngi khm ph nhng gio l terma nhng chng khng tn ti bi khng ai ngh l chng quan trng. Ngi c v s nhng th kin v nhng gic m trong cc o s giao ph cc gio l v gia h cho ngi v cng cnh bo ngi v mi nguy him no ang ti. Thm na, bi tm ngi lun lun trn ngp lng bi mn, khi cha m ngi khng , ngi khc nc n trc nhng ni kh m mi ngi ang tri nghim v c gng gip h, t nht l cu nguyn cho h. Ngi khng bao gi c xu i vi bt k ai, ngay c vi nhng ngi c gng lm hi ngi. Ngi lun lun thng thn, dng cm, v mnh m trong vic biu l nhng t tng ca ngi. Ngi rng lng v y ngh lc trong nhng s phc v ci thin cuc sng ca ngi khc. Nm mi bn tui, ngi vo Tu vin Gochen thuc dng Palyl v nhn gio l t Sherap Rinchen cho ti khi v Thy mt. Sherap Rinchen l mt t ca Pema Lhndrup Gyatso (1660-1727), tu hc vi Knzang Sherap (1636-1699), ngi sng lp dng Palyl. Sherap Rinchen ban cho ngi Php danh Snam Chden. Ngi hc tp v thin nh v nhiu gio l, ch yu l Dzopa Chenpo v Tsalung, v p ng yu cu ca nhng vic tr tng v tu tp. Tuy nhin, ngi khng c nhiu tin b trong kinh nghim tm linh ngoi tr nhng kinh nghim ngi c. Nm hai mi mt tui, Dodrupchen i min Trung Ty Tng xuyn qua Dege cng vi su tu s khc. Trn ng i ngi nhn gio l t Situ Chkyi Jungne (1700-1774) ti Tu vin Palpung Dege. Cui cng h ti Taklha Gampo, tr x tu vin ca Gampopa (1079-1153), t chnh ca Milarepa (1040-1123). Taklha Gampo, Gampopa Jampal Thrinle Wangpo Ng (Mipham Wangpo, 1757-?) t tn cho Dodrupchen l Snam Chden. Vi o s Tamch Wangchuk, mt t ca Gampopa Zangpo Dorje Tam, Dodrupchen hc Ngndro, Chakchen Chdruk, v Phowa ca cc truyn thng Takpo v Zatsn v nhiu gio l khc. Sau ngi i hnh hng ti Tsri, mt trong nhng thnh a Ty Tng, vi nhiu gian kh v mt thn xc. , trong mt linh kin, ngi nhn nhng gia h ca c Vajravrh, mt v Pht trong thn tng n. Chng bao lu mi ting ni, ni s hi, v gian kh m ngi ang kinh nghim trong chuyn hnh hng bin thnh mt kinh nghim i lc, v ngi cm thy rt hoan h v mn nguyn. Trn ng t Tsri tr v Taklha Gampo, Tamch Wangchuk gi ngi ti mt ngha a thc hnh php Ch vo ban m v ni: Bt k iu g xy ra, ng b cuc! V th Dodrupchen i ti ngha a v thc hnh Ch vo bui ti. Lc na m, khi ngi thc dy, ngi nhn thy tng pha sau ngi bin thnh mt con qui vt khng l v khng khip vi mi tc di v nhng chic rng sc nhn. Dodrupchen hong s, v thn th ngi run ln. Ngi khng th ng li, nhng nh li li dy ca Lt ma, sau khi thc hin thc hnh Ch khc, ngi vn nm ,

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lng ngi da vo con qui vt. Trc lc bnh minh ngi thc hin thc hnh Ch th ba v cui cng. Chng bao lu tri sng v khng c g ngoi tng . Ngi cm thy rt hnh phc, nh th ngi c ban cho mt c hi khc sng. T ch , ngi i thng ti tr x ca Lt ma. Nh s thu th v Lt ma bit nhng g xy ra v ang ch ngi. Vi mt n ci rng m, Lt ma hi: Thin nh tt p ca con vn cn ch? Dodrupchen tr li: Khng, n bin mt ri! Lt ma ni: Con thc hnh rt tt! Con b vng mc vo ci gi l nhng kinh nghim thin nh tt p ca con, n s gy nn nhng ti sinh trong nhng ci gii cao trong sinh t. Ta gi con ti ngha a lm tan bin nhng vng mc . V th ng cm thy hi tic l con mt nhng kinh nghim. Con thc hnh tt bi khng ri b ngha a. Sau , s dng s vic ny nh phng tin gii thiu bn tnh ti thng, Lt ma hi: C thc th no thc s hin hu trong nhng ni s khng? Chng khng xut hin v tan bin trong bn tnh rng m ca ring chng [thot khi mi gii hn] sao? Sau sal Phuk, Hang ng Quang minh, Dodrupchen thc hin mt cuc nhp tht di hn vi rt t thc phm. Vi nhng bn ng hnh, Dodrupchen hnh hng ti Samye, Lhasa, v nhng thnh a khc min Trung Ty Tng. Sau h tr v qu hng. Trn ng, ti Dege, Dodrupchen nhn cc gio l t Knzang Namgyal (1713-1769), Rabjam Nh ca Tu vin Zhechen. V Thy ny ban cho ngi danh hiu Knzang Zhenphen. Ngi cng nhn gio l t Kntrl Namgyal (1706-1773), Jewn Nht ca Tu vin Dzogchen, v Karma Tashi (1728-1790), Karma Kuchen Nht ca Tu vin Palyl. T nm hai mi lm ti ba mi tui, ngi gn thung lng qu nh v mt ngi ch gi nhn danh Gio Php ni n ngi ng b i cho ti khi ng cht. Bi Dodrupchen thuc v mt nhm b tc hng mnh, nhng bn phn truyn thng bt buc ngi ch ti nhng trch nhim ca b tc. Ngi l mt din gi y sc thuyt phc vi mt tri tim v y v mt nhn cch mnh m, iu lm ngi tr thnh mt nhn vt c ngng m nht ca b tc. Mt hm, ngi ang du hnh trong thung lng thu thp mt t cng n v ci mt trong nhng con nga ni ting nht trong cng ng b tc. Thnh lnh mt s hi tic mnh lit v sinh t trn ngp tm hn ngi. iu ny lp tc lm cho tt c nhng hnh tng trc ngi bin thnh Ci Tnh ca c Pht A Di . l mt bu khng kh tuyt p m tm thc khng th tng tng ni. Mi s bm chp v tham mun trong tm ngi tan bin. Ri vi mt ging ni tht hp dn, c Pht A Di i lc ni: Nam t ca gia nh tt lnh, ng y. Hy i bt k ni u con thch. Nhng mc ch ca con s c hon thnh. Sau Dodrupchen xut nh t ci gii linh kin tm linh v tri nghim cuc i bnh thng, nh th ngi c nh thc t mt gic ng su. Dodrupchen vit: Kinh nghim ny c th ch ko di trong thi gian dng ung hai tch tr, c l khong hai mi pht. T lc , cm nhn ca ti i vi ngay c nhng loi thnh vng, quyn lc, v li lc th gian tuyt vi nht tr thnh nh th thc phm h trc mt mt ngi bnh khng cm thy thm n cht no. Ri ngi ni tip: Mc d kinh nghim ny c th chng c ngha g to tt, nhng l phn tt lnh nht trong cu chuyn ca i ti.

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Dodrupchen i ti Tu vin Dzogchen, ngi nhn nhng trao truyn Khandro Nyinthig v cc gio l t Pema Sang-ngak Tendzin (1731-1805), Pnlop th hai, v ngi thin nh v nhng gio l ny. Sau cng vi bn tu s khc ngi bt u mt chuyn du hnh th hai ti min Trung Ty Tng. Trn ng i ngi b bnh rt nng, cc thy thuc v bng hu ca ngi rt t hy vng ngi hi phc, nhng ngi t chi ngay c vic dng thuc. Tuy nhin, sau mt thi gian ngi bnh phc, ch nh nng lc ca chuyn hnh hng v sc mnh thin nh thm su ca ngi. Cui cng, h ti Taklha Gampo mt ln na v nhn gio l t Gampopa Jumpal Thrinle Wangpo Ng (Tsltrim Palbar). Sau h i hnh hng ti Yarlung, Samye, Tashi Lhnpo, Sakya, Tsurphu, Lhasa, v Drikung. Ngi cng nhn gio l t Karmapa th Mi ba Ddl Dorje (1733-1797), v ny ban cho ngi Php danh Karma Wangtrak. Sau ngi tr v Tu vin Dzogchen. Bi ngi cm thy thin nh khng thoi mi trong tu vin c qu nhiu phng dt, ngi i Kangtr Ogma, Ni Tuyt H, khng qu xa Tu vin Dzogchen. Nm ba mi lm tui ngi bt u mt cuc nhp tht ba nm trong mt hang ng trong vng ni c tch Kangtr Ogma, thc hnh Knchok Chid v nhiu gio l khc, v c bit l Tgal trong ma h v Tsalung vo ma ng. Ngi th hng s an bnh tuyt diu ca bu khng kh , nhng ngi th nguyn hin mnh cho vic tu tp m khng bn thn mnh b xao lng ngay c mt giy trong vic thng thc ngoi cnh. Tuy nhin sau khong mt thng, mt s xo trn to ln (Lhong Cha) pht khi trong ngi. Ngi kh c th lm dng li nhng con sng no ng ca t tng, cm xc v nhng o nh. By gi sinh lc (Srog rLung) ca ngi bt u c nhng ri lon, nhng triu chng a ngi ti b vc ca s in lon. Mi hnh tng xut hin nh nhng k th. Thm ch ngi nhn thy nhng con th ng s trong m tr. Ngi cm thy mnh b lin ly trong cuc chin u bng v kh. Mt m trong gic m ngi nghe mt ting ht khng khip, v ngi cm thy hu nh tri tim ngi b ch ra. Ngay c sau khi thc dy, ngi vn nghe ting ku tng t v sau nhn thy nh sng ti tm ging nh mt cy ct ni kt bu tri v mt t. Thn ngi run ln d di. Ngi cm thy mt ni khip hi khng th chu ng ni v s rng bu tri v mt t ln ngc li. Nhng sau mt lt, mi hnh tng ri lon tan bin vo bn thn ngi, ci ti, l ci n thun phng chiu v kinh nghim mi hnh tng . Sau nim ti cng siu vt mi to tc. Tm thc s hi v nhng i tng ca s s hi tan ha thnh nht v ca bn tnh ti thng, s hon ton m trng. Nhng ni s hi v cc gic m v kinh nghim ca ngi tan bin khng cn li ngay c mt du vt. Vo lc ny, ngi vit: Ti kinh nghim mt s chng ng trong khng c s nh danh ci thy no chng ng hay s thin nh no tun theo. Nh trong trng thi chng ng, ni s ca ti v nhng kinh nghim tiu cc cng nh nim vui i vi nhng kinh nghim h lc khng cn na. Ngay trc khi t ti mt chng ng cao, thng th cc thin gi kinh nghim nhng cuc chin u quen thuc, y cm xc, c tnh cht quyt nh trong tm thc trong nhng hnh thc khc nhau hay nhng cp cm d, nhng o tng ng s, nhng m thanh e da, hay nhng cm xc au kh. Nhiu o s v i c nhng loi kinh nghim tng t trc khi cc ngi i vo nhng trng

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thi chng ng cao cp. Nu qu v khng chu thua nhng loi ri lon vo giy pht cui ny do nhng tp kh vi t n du to ra v vt ln tt c nhng cuc chm trn ny bng cch an tr trong trng thi chng ng, ging nh r tm thm cho sch bi, qu v s t c s t do ton trit thot khi nhng s tri chng v phin no chng vi mi du vt ca chng. Mt ngi c mt kinh nghim c gi l kinh nghim thin nh m c th ngh: Ti ang thc hnh tt n ni ti khng c nhng kinh nghim xo trn, nhng s thc c th l ngi y cha tiu dit c tn gc nhng s tri chng v phin no chng v nhng tp kh ca h. Sau mt thi gian, thc phm ca Dodrupchen b cn kit v trong mt thi gian di, ngoi tr mt t tr, ngi khng c nhiu thc phm dng. Thn ngi tr nn yu t, ging nh mt ngi trn ging bnh. Hu nh ngi khng th di chuyn, hi th tr nn nng n v ngc ca ngi b nght. Mt hm, khi bnh nc cn, ngi i ra ngoi ly mt t nc t mt ci ao ngoi hang. Trn ng tr v, khi leo ln hang, bi sc nng ca ci bnh nn ngi ng xung v ngt i. Sau mt lt ngi ly li thc v c gng ng dy nhng khng th c. Nhng t tng xut hin trong tm ngi: By gi th khng c cch no thot khi ci cht. Ta phi lm g? Ri mt t tng khc pht sinh: Tht bun nu ta cht trong khi ang lm nhng hnh vi phi o c, nhng ta ang cht trong khi thc hnh Php, v th ta nn hoan h. T tng ny mang li mt cm xc h lc trong ngi, v nim vui mang li cho ngi sc mnh ng dy. Ngi tr v hang, t cha bnh bng khi t vic t mt t tsampa184 m ngi dnh dng vo mc ch lm an du nhng dch kh mnh lit ca ngi. Sau ngi dng mt ci bnh nh hn v ly mt t nc. Ngi pha v ung tr, nhng ngi khng c thc phm c trong mt thi gian di, tr lm cho thn th ngi rung lc d di v ngi gp nhiu kh khn trong vic lm an du n. Sau ngi ngh: Ta i ti Tu vin Dzogchen v ly mt t thc phm th tt hn. Nu khng, ta s cht, v iu s l mt chng ngi cho vic thc hnh. Ngi ri hang ng v theo mt con ng nh xung i, nhng ngi yu n ni li ng xung. Khi ng dy, ngi ngh: Ta mi in lm sao. Cc Lt ma ca ta ch th ta thc hnh. Tun theo nhng gio hun ca cc Lt ma l thc hnh chnh ca ta. i tm thc phm l sai lm. Cho d cht, ta s khng ri khi phng thin nh cho ti khi chm dt kha nhp tht.185 Ngi tr v hang v li tip tc thin nh nh thng l. Sau mt lt ngi nghe c ting g ca, nhng bi ang thc hnh nn ngi khng ti. Vo lc ngh thc hnh, ngi tm thy ca mt h sa chua, ngi mang vo trong v n. Sa chua c cho l c nhng phm tnh cha bnh c bit, khng nhng gip ngi phc hi sc khe m cn tr gip cho vic thin nh ca ngi. Ta c bit l nhng n H php Tseringma, cc Ch em Trng Th, cng dng sa chua cho ngi. T lc , nhng vng xung quanh hang thin nh c gi l Tsering Phuk, ng ca Tseringma. t ngy sau cc Php l (bn Php) ca ngi cung cp thc phm cho ngi. Ci bnh ng sa chua do Tseringma li, lm bng ng m vng, c bo qun mi n cui thp nin 1950 trong mt bo thp Tu vin Dzogchen. Nm ba mi tm tui Dodrupchen di chuyn ti ng Shinje (ng T Thn) gn Tu vin Dzogchen, v ngi thc hin kha nhp tht bn nm khc, ngoi tr mt gin on ngn khi ngi phi i ti tu vin. Ngi thc hnh nm Bn tn

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Chakrasamvara ca dng Takpo, Mekhyil Guru Phn n v Vajrakla Yangsang Lame, tt c u do Ratna Lingpa khm ph. Sau ngi thin nh v Shinje (Yamarja, T Thn) v mt hm ngi dng ngn tay vit thn ch trn nh th trong bn. T lc , hang ng ny c gi l ng Shinje, v ti c nghe ni rng vn cn c th nhn thy thn ch trn . Sau ngi nhn s trao truyn Tsasum Sangwa Nyingthig t Dzogchen Rinpoche tam (1759-1792), v ngi thc hin mt kha nhp tht ngn v gio l ny vi nhiu kinh nghim v linh kin. Trong thi gian nhp tht , Dzogchen Rinpoche tam gi cho ngi mt bn sao Ynten Rinpoche Dz. Vic c bn vn ny khin ngi pht khi lng sng m t nhin i vi tc gi ca n l Jigme Lingpa. Dodrupchen i gp Dzogchen Rinpoche, ngi khuyn khch ngi ti gp Jigme Lingpa v ni: Vic ti thm Jigme Lingpa s lm li lc cho ng hn l trong n tht. Dzogchen Rinpoche cng thc gic Dodrupchen nhn danh ngi thnh mi Jigme Lingpa ti Kham hay t nht l mang li s trao truyn Longchen Nyingthig cho ngi v nhng ngi khc. T Dzogchen Rinpoche ngi nhn nhng trao truyn v gio l Nyingthig Yabzhi v nhiu gio l khc. Ti mt ni no Dege, Dodrupchen ti mt con sng ln nhng khng tm c phng tin qua sng. Ngi an tr trong thin nh nhn con sng nh mt t v bng qua con sng nh th trn t kh ro. Khi hu nh bn kia b, ngi ngh: , vic thin nh ca ta tht tuyt, v ngay lc ngi chm xung sng v sut cht ui. V th v sau ngi vn ni: T tng tht l nguy him.186 Nm bn mi mt tui187 Dodrupchen i min Trung Ty Tng ln th ba. Ln u tin Ngi gp Jigme Lingpa, guru theo nghip (v Thy nh mnh) ca ngi ti nh ca Depa Push gn n tht Tsering Jong trong Thung lng Yarlung, min Nam Ty Tng. l mt thi im ht sc hoan h, ging nh s sum hp ca cha v con lc nhau lu ngy.188 Jigme Lingpa ni: m qua ta m thy cuc gp g vi mt B Tt, v B Tt hn l ng. Dodrupchen nhn Jigme Lingpa nh Thangtong Gyalpo v kinh nghim nhiu linh kin v nhng pht hin. Dodrupchen nhn B Tt gii vi Jigme Lingpa. m hm , trong gic m189 chi ngi, Dodrupchen nhn thy nhng bt x li v di ct ca c Pht Ca Dip c rt ra t mt bo thp mu trng. l du hiu cho thy Dodrupchen ang hi phc gii nguyn m ngi th trc c Pht Ca Dip khi ngi l nam t ca ca Vua Krikr vo thi c Pht Ca Dip. Trong khi nhn qun nh Lama Gongd, Dodrupchen nh li tht r rng khng cht nghi ng trong tm ngi rng Jigme Lingpa l Nyang Nyima zer (11241192) v bn thn ngi l Sangye Lingpa (1340-1396). Jigme Lingpa ban cho Dodrupchen ton b nhng trao truyn v cc gio l kama v terma, k c Longchen Nyingthig, Ynten Dz, cng bnh ging ca n, Dzdn, Shingta Namsum, Trlthik, v Nying Gy. Jigme Lingpa ban cho ngi danh hiu Jigme Thrinle zer, Nhng Tia sng ca Hnh ng Gic ng V y. Khi Dodrupchen Samye, Barchung Gomchen Rigdzin v Mange Pema Knzang t Kham ti trong mt chuyn hnh hng. Vi mt l th, Dodrupchen gi h ti Jigme Lingpa cu xin gio l. Sau ny Pema Knzang tr thnh Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku, t lng danh ca Jigme Lingpa. Sau khi nhn gio l trong hai tun, Rigdzin v Gyalwe Nyuku tr v Dodrupchen Samye. Tt c cc ngi cng

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i hnh hng min Trung Ty Tng. Sau cc ngi ti thm i thin gi Rigdzin Pema She-nyen Tsang v nhn nhiu s trao truyn Changter (Kho tng phng Bc). Sau Dodrupchen t Tsang tr v Lhasa cng vi Gyalwe Nyuku, ngi ang trn ng i Kham. Trong khi cc ngi ang vt qua mt x khng ngi min Yadrok Trung Ty Tng, Dodrupchen b bnh nng, nhng tm ngi vn rt phn khi. Gyalwe Nyuku vit: Khi chng ti, o s v t, ang i xung trong Thung lng Yadrok, c Lt ma [Dodrupchen] b bnh kh v thp khp rt nng. Ngi thng xuyn rt au n v yu ti ni hu nh ngi sp cht. Chng ti khng c nhiu thc phm ngoi tr mt mu m th vt thi ra v mt h du. Chng ti khng c ngay c mt mung tsampa. Chng ti ung tr en. Sau khi ngi ngi xung ngh ngi, cho ngi ng dy, ti phi gip bng cch ko ngi ln vi ton b sc mnh ca hai bn tay ti. Mc d th xc ca ngi ang trong tnh trng nguy kch, thay v tuyt vng, ngi ni: , hm tay ta may mn c theo ui mt cht kh hnh trong vic thc hnh Php bng cch t mt t gnh nng trn t thi ca ta v bng cch iu phc tm tham mun ca ta. Ta ang thnh tu mc ch i vi i ngi qu bu ca ta Chc chn l nhng kinh nghim v ni gian kh ta ang tri qua l nhng kt qu may mn c to ra bi vic tch tp nhng cng c v tnh ha cc che chng trong v s cuc i ca ta trong qu kh. Tm ngi v cng hoan h. Ti cng rt vui, ni rng: Tht k diu khi c Lt ma ny ang a vo thc hnh [nhng g c Pht dy:] Hy bo tn Php [s chng ng] vnh vin, Ngay c phi tr gi bng vic vt qua mt ng la hay mt cnh ng dao sc. Hn na, thnh thong khi Lt ma khng nhn, ti ku khc rt nhiu v ngh rng: Con ngi thnh thin ny ang cht ni y m thm ch khng ai bit ti.190 T Lhasa, Gyalwe Nyuku tr li Tsang, min Ty Ty Tng, v Dodrupchen i Kham, min ng Ty Tng. Nhng sau mt cuc hnh trnh vi ngy, Dodrupchen khng th chu ng ni vic ri xa v Thy m khng nhn thy ngi mt ln na. V th ngi tr v min nam v i thm Jigme Lingpa, trc s v cng ngc nhin v vui thch ca v Thy. Dodrupchen nhn thm cc trao truyn v gio l. Jigme Lingpa xc nhn Dodrupchen l ha thn ca Thi t Murum Tsenpo, nam t ca Vua Trisong Detsen, v trao quyn (gia lc) cho ngi l v h tr chnh yu ca gio l Longchen Nyingthig, nh c tin tri trong Nechang Thukkyi Drombu: Mt ha thn ca Lhase [Thi t Siu phm] s m ra cnh ca ca gio l [Longchen Nyingthig].191

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Trn ng v Thung lng Do, theo khn cu ca Akyongza Paldzom, n th lnh ca Thung lng Do Thng, Dodrupchen t nn mng ca mt gompa ti Shukchen Tago, v tr Tu vin Dodrupchen hin nay i xung khong mi dm. Nhng khng lu sau ngi i Dege v vic xy dng b ngng li. Ti Tu vin Dzogchen, ngi trao truyn cc vn bn ca Longchen Nyingthig cho Dzogchen Rinpoche Tam (1759-1792) v Pnlop Nh (1731-1805) ca Tu vin Dzogchen. Mt ln na vi s ph chun ca Dzogchen Rinpoche, Dodrupchen i ti min Trung Ty Tng ln th t v l ln cui cng, vi nhng vt cng dng khng l. i cng vi ngi l Getse Lama Snam Tendzin (Jigme Ngotsar)192 v mt vi ngi khc. Ln ny ngi nhn thy Jigme Lingpa ti nh ca Depa Lha Gyatri (Gyari). Sau cng vi Jigme Lingpa ngi du hnh ti Samye.193 Trong ngi cha chnh Samye, Dodrupchen bo tr v t chc mt l cng dng tsok khng l do Jigme Lingpa ch ta. Ngi nhn gii nguyn B Tt mt ln na t Jigme Lingpa, v cc ngi cng nhau tng nhiu Zangpo Chpe Mnlam. Ngi bo tr mt mendrup, s chun b thuc gia h, trong by ngy di s ch ta ca Jigme Lingpa. Xin nh rng ngi cha chnh ca Samye l ni Guru Rinpoche giao ph gio l Longchen Nyingthig cho Vua Trisong Detsen, mt ha thn i trc ca Jigme Lingpa, v trao truyn gio l cho Thi t Murum Tsepo, ha thn i trc ca Dodrupchen, trong mt s th k trc. Sau cc ngi cng du hnh ti Tsering Jong. Jigme Lingpa ban nhiu qun nh, nhng bi ngi c vn v th lc nn Dodrupchen ban nhng trao truyn vn bn (Lung) ca Nyingma Gybum v nhng gio l khc cho tlku ca Tsele Gtsang Tlku, Jigme Tenpe Gyaltsen ca Thangdrok, v nhiu ngi khc nhn danh o s ca mnh. Nm 1791, khi Dodrupchen Samye, lc lng Gurkha ca Nepal cp bc nhiu ni min Ty Ty Tng, k c th trn Shigatse v Tu vin Tashi Lhnpo. Dn chng min Trung Ty Tng lo s mt ngy no lc lng Gurkha s trn qua, v nhiu ngi trn khi th trn v tu vin ca h. Do khn cu ca nhng ngi s hi, sau khi hon tt nhng l cu nguyn cha chnh ca Samye, Dodrupchen i ti i Hepori v thc hin mt l cng dng Sang (cng dng khi). Ngi cu khn cc v H Php v nhc h v vic h th nguyn bo v Ty Tng ngay trc mt Guru Rinpoche. Khi ca l Sang lm thnh hnh dng mt chim garuda (kim x iu, loi chim huyn b ging nh i bng) trong khng trung v c cun v pha nhng k xm lng. Lc mt tri ln, ngi nm mt torma (bnh cng) v hng Ty. Vo lc , mt m my u m v mt cn bo mnh ang xut hin t hng Ty, nhng ngay khi ngi nm torma th tht l k diu, m my quay ngc li v hng Ty. Sau , trong mt bi k, Dodrupchen ban mt tin tri ni rng khng c l do g phi s lc lng Nepal na, v ngi gi tin tri ny cho chnh ph Lhasa. Bi s bo m ca ngi, dn chng Samye khng chy trn na. Ngi mun i thm Jigme Lingpa nhng khng th, v khng c sn thuyn vt Sng Tsangpo. Sau ngi i ti Kordz Ling, ngi cha ca cc H Php ti Samye. Trc ht ngi tng nhng bi cu nguyn v c hnh cc bui l. Nhng thnh lnh dng iu ca ngi hon ton thay i. Ngi la ht trc hnh nh ca Pehar, H Php

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chnh ca Ty Tng, nh v ny bng khn, ko khn ph hnh nh xung, v thch thc vic H Php ha nguyn bo v Ty Tng trc mt Guru Rinpoche. Cui cng, ngi cm thy bnh an v an tr trong s thin nh trong s an bnh mt thi gian di. (Ti nghe nhng cu chuyn ni rng ngi ta thy hnh nh run ry, v sng m nh khi xut hin t ming v mi ca bc hnh v bc ln khng trung, to thnh nhng trn ma v bnh dch trong lc lng xm lng.) Kaln Dzasak Lama Kalzang Namgyal, mt trong nhng vin chc cao cp ca chnh ph Ty Tng, phi mt s thn c bit ti gp Dodrupchen nhn tin tri ca ngi v mi nguy him ca x Nepal. Dodrupchen vit li tin tri trong mt bi k bao hm nhng dng sau y v gi cho Lt ma Kaln: Trong [tm ti, l] s thun tnh nguyn thy nh-pha l, Xut hin nhng li v nhng biu l sau y: Khi cc ng thanh thn, i nhng ngi ngo mn Phnh to vi s kiu cng, ng nghe nhng li khng cn c. ng b chy sang x s v danh.. Khi bn tnh ca min Trung Ty Tng ang b e da bi nn hn hn trm trng, Dodrupchen c hnh mt l cng dng la (homa), v iu to nn trn ma ln, lm gim bt rt nhiu nguy c b i km ca nhiu ngi.194 T Samye, Dodrupchen i ti Tsering Jong. Vo lc , Jigme Lingpa khng c c nhiu do b bnh v mt, c th l bnh c nhn mt. Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku cho ngi mi mt thy thuc nhn khoa, v ny thc hin mt ca m thnh cng. Trc khi co t mt ln cui, Dodrupchen cng dng mi s ngi c, k c chic m c m ngi yu thch, cho Jigme Lingpa. Ngi kinh nghim mt nim vui v an bnh to ln nh kt qu ca hnh ng ny. Khi tn thn Dodrupchen, Jigme Lingpa ban li ch dy bng vn bn, gm c nhng ging sau y: Mt ngi c th cha lnh nhng ri lon ca cc yu t (i) [thuc vt l v mi trng], Ngi c th iu phc nhng hon cnh tiu cc, v Ngi c th thnh tu bt k iu g v Thy ra lnh Ngi y khng c gi l t may mn hay sao? Do bi nhng lin h nghip trong qu kh ca chng ta, L nhng g bt u t nhiu i trc, Jigme Thrinle zer, ng t ni xa n y, T mt ni kh nhn thy hay nghe ni v n. Mang nhng kho tng gio l bao la v su xa nh nhng mn qu qu bu, L nhng th kh tm, ng ang tr v qu hng. ng ging nh mt thng nhn thnh t vt i dng tr v. Nu khng c nhng mi lin h nghip, Cho d ng sng cng mt ni trong x,

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Lm sao ng c th nhn thy ta Nh mt B Tt, ai chm sc nhng ngi khc?.. Nh c tin tri trong Nechang Thukkyi Drombu, Trong khi xy dng cha Samye, Chng ta c quan h nh cha [nh vua] v con [thi t]. Nhng linh kin thanh tnh v s vic m ng t nhn thy. T thi th u, Trong khi an tr nhng ni c tch, Nh ta lm trong i ta, ng nhn nhng tin tri v [vic khm ph] cc terma. Gi y kho tng gio l kama v terma Ta giao ph cho ng, v Ta tin tri rng ng s truyn b gio l trong nhng x s man d. Chng no [vic chng ng] chn tnh khng b mt ht trong nhng m lm, Th khng cn phi tri i mnh trong cc n tht.. Gia ng v ta khng c s ngn cch. Bi chn l ca s hp nht tm ta v tm ng, Bi nhng gia h y bi mn ca Tam Bo, Bi nng lc ca ba gc, v Bi nhng hnh ng ca cc H Php, Cu mong khng c nhng hon cnh tiu cc trong cc Pht s ca ng, v Cu mong khng c ngay c mt du vt ca s chng ngi.195 Jigme Lingpa ni: Ti nay ng li nh ta. Ta c mt vi li ch dy cho ng. V th Dodrupchen tri qua m cui cng trong s hin din ca Jigme Lingpa. Jigme Lingpa ni: Mi gio hun m ta nhn v cc gio l Kinh in ln terma l di sn ca c ng v ta. Khi ta c Dkin trong Php gii Ti thng giao ph cun giy vng [ca Longchen Nyingthig], b bo ta rng y l di sn Gio Php ca nh vua v nam t ca vua. Cng th, trong Nechang (Thukkyi Drombu) c ni: Ha thn ca Thi t Siu phm s m cnh ca ca cc gio l. V th, khng cn nghi ng g na, ng l ha thn [ca Thi t Siu phm.] Vic truyn b gio l v s li lc ca truyn thng v chng sinh l s mnh chnh yu ca ng. Chng ta khng th ngn cch. Trong tng lai s c lc nhng hot ng gic ng ca ng ht sc thnh cng, nhng cng s c nhiu chng ngi t cc lc lng tiu cc. Hy cu nguyn ta, v nhng chng ngi ca ng s c an du. Khi trong ng pht khi mt lng tin i vi ta, nu mt c hi mi xut hin, chng ta, cha v con, s li gp nhau.196 ngha ca cu cui cng l Jigme Lingpa s ti sinh l Do Khyentse v s gp Dodrupchen mt ln na nh v Thy ca ngi. Dodrupchen biu l c mun c an tr nh mt n s. Jigme Lingpa bc b c nguyn , ngi khuyn:

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Ta ban cho ng gii nguyn ca B Tt, li th nguyn nhn ln vai trch nhim mang li hnh phc cho tt c chng sinh. Nu ng ch vui hng s an bnh v h lc ca mt hang ng, ng c th t b cc gii nguyn ca ng. ng bao gi nao nng vic truyn b cc gio l. Ta khng nghi ng rng i vi ng, ngay c nhng tnh hung phi o c cng s tr thnh c hnh.197 Ngy hm sau, Dodrupchen chm nh u ngi vo i bn chn trn m p ca Jigme Lingpa. Mt dng nc mt long lanh trn mt ngi, Dodrupchen ni: Trong mi cuc i con, cu mong con khng bao gi ngn cch ngi, ng bo tr ca con. Cu mong mi hnh ng v t tng ca thn, ng, v tm con tr thnh mt sui ngun mnh m lm li lc cho Gio Php v chng sinh. Vi lng thng mn dt do, Jigme Lingpa chm trn vo trn Dodrupchen v ni: l mt li ha; chng ta khng ngn cch nhau. Hy i vui v. Dodrupchen c cm tng tri tim ngi nhy ra khi lng ngc, ngi bc li v ri khi cn phng v n tht. V Dodrupchen ni danh l mt Lt ma quan trng, ngi phi c hnh nhng l gia h ti Samye, Depa Lha Gyatri, v nhiu ni khc. Ti Djo Palkhyim (Dpal) Lhasa, theo yu cu ca chnh ph, di s gim st ring ca Changtrung Khenpo (cn gi l Kudn Khenpo), Dodrupchen c hnh nhng bui l198 trong nhiu ngy cu nguyn cho s an lnh ca chnh ph v quc gia v sau cho bn thn Kudn Khenpo. Trong khi thc hin mt l d (mDos) ca Magn, ch bng cnh tay phi, tht l k diu, Dodrupchen nng mt d cao hai tng v sau nm n i. Chnh ph Ty Tng ht sc tn knh v bit n ngi v s bo h v tin tri ca ngi cho x s. T lc , Dodrupchen ni danh vi tn Dodrupchen, bc Lo thng V i (Thnh tu gi) ca Thung lng Do. Dn chng Lhasa ni: C nhiu bc lo thng (Grub Thob), nhng ch c mt bc Lo thng V i (Grub Chen, Drupchen). Dodrupchen cng a Gyalwe Nyuku tr v Kham cng vi ngi. Trn ng cc ngi gp nhiu nguy him, nhng ngi chin thng tt c nh lng cam m anh hng ca ngi hoc bng nhng nng lc tm linh. Tt c nhng iu ch lm cho s chng ng su xa ca ngi thm vng chc. Chng hn nh, mt hm cc ngi lc ng trong tuyt lnh v Dodrupchen tri nghim mt cm xc bun b. T ni bun xut hin mt th kin phi thng v Milarepa. c Milarepa ht, ban cho ngi sdhana Ngetn Nyingpo ca Milarepa v tan ha bn thn ngi vo Dodrupchen. Nm 1793, ln u tin Dodrupchen c Cung in Dege thnh mi. Ngi c hnh nhng bui l v ban gio l cng nhiu du hiu huyn b. T lc Dodrupchen tr thnh mt trong nhng thy gio chnh ca Nhip chnh Hong hu Tsewang Lhamo v nam t ca b l Thi t Tsewang Dorje Rigdzin (1786-1847?) x Dege. Cung in Dega khn cu ngi li lm thy gio ca h, nhng Dodrupchen lp tc t chi, bi vic i Ng i Sn Trung quc sng phn i cn li l mc ch chnh yu ca ngi (mc d iu khng bao gi thc hin c). By gi Dodrupchen ang hin dng i ngi cho mc tiu duy nht l truyn b Pht Php, gio l c th n c tri tim ca nhng chng sinh c th gio

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ha c. Trong t truyn ca mnh, Jigme Lingpa biu l nim vui khi nhn c tin tc v thnh cng ca Dodrupchen trong vic truyn b Gio Php: Dola [v Lt ma x Do, tc l Dodrupchen] ging dy gio l Nyingthig [ Dege] ba ln. Ln th nht, hai ngn t nhn gio l; ln th hai l ba ngn ngi; v ln th ba l nm ngn ngi. Nhiu c s th gii nguyn khng sn bn, nh nhiu th vt c ban tng vt ca s v y. Ti cm thy sung sng v to nn kt qu nh b ny bng cch li mt ni ho lnh v pht trin B tm. y l s p ng ca tin tri ni rng: Nhng ha thn ca Nam-nying, Nyang-ben, Chok-ying, v Thi t Siu phm s m ra cnh ca ca gio l [Longchen Nyingthig].199 Cng nm , bi c nhip chnh hong hu x Dege khn cu v bo tr, Dodrupchen t nn mng cho Tu vin Ogmin Rigdzin Phelgye Ling200 ti Getse T trong Thung lng Dzachukha. Nhng sau khi t nn mng, ngi i Amdo bi ngi c nguyn c lu i l s i Ng i Sn. Ngi thc hin mt cuc nhp tht lu di ti Trakkar Treldzong, mt thnh a Amdo. Trong tu vin ca Chje Rinpoche Tnh Go-me, Dodrupchen trao truyn Longchen Nyingthig v nhng gio l khc cho Chje Rinpoche, mt hc gi ni ting phi Geluk, ngi nghin cu cc gio l Nyingma v tr thnh mt trong nhng t ca Dodrupchen. Dodrupchen cng nhn lnh mt vi trao truyn t Go-me Chje. Dodrupchen ban cc gio l v phng s nhiu cng ng ngi Ty Tng v Mng C trong vng . Ngi ph din nhiu iu huyn diu, chng hn nh lm mt ging sui chy ra t t kh cho mt cng ng khng c nc. i vi ngi Mng C vng Thanh H, ngi c gi l Harhan Dalai Lama. Bi ting tm v nng lc gic ng ca Dodrupchen, Chnang Dzasak gi yu, mt th lnh Mng C y quyn lc, mi ngi ti lnh a ca ng, mc d thc hnh Nyingma b cm trong hai nm trc . V th lnh c nhiu con, nhng khng c ngi con no cn sng, d ng nhn s bo h tm linh ca cc Lt ma Tu vin Kubum. Dodrupchen gia h cho ng v tin tri rng v th lnh s c a con khc. Khi mt a con c sinh ra, a b m yu ti ni ngi ta khng hy vng n sng c nhng nh s bo h tm linh ca Dodrupchen nn a tr sng st. Trc ht ngi t tn cho n l Yamathar, v sau ny tn ca n c i l Garwap Gyalchok v Yizhin Wangyal. Nng lc tm linh ca Dodrupchen to nn mt thi mi v lng khoan dung trong tm ca dn chng i vi nhng dng truyn tha khc ca Pht gio trong vng .201 Dodrupchen cng c Vua Mng c Ching Wang Ngawang Dargye (17591807), cng c gi l Chogyal Ngaki Wangpo, mi thnh. Ngawang Dargye l v th lnh quan trng nht trong min Thanh H trong thi . Ngoi vua v hong hu, Dodrupchen ban nhng trao truyn v gio hun Longchen Nyingthig, Khandro Yangtig, v nhng bnh ging v Ynten Dz cho khong t bn mi cho ti mt trm nhn vt quan trng.

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Dodrupchen ban trao truyn Longchen Nyingthig cho Drupchen Tlku Jigme Namkha Gyaltsen ca Gn Lakha,202 l ngi tr thnh mt v h tr dng Longchen Nyingthig. Trc nm 1959, ngi ta c bit l Gn Lakha c hn mt ngn chn trm hnh gi Mt tha. Dodrupchen cng dy cho Ngawang Tendar Lharampa (1759-?) x Alaksha, Mng C.203 Sau mt vn pht sinh cho Dodrupchen lin quan ti Amban, v i din ca Hong Trung quc ti Sining (Ty Ninh), th ph ca bang Thanh H (Quinghai, Thanh Hi). Dodrupchen c mi ti tri ca Amban v b buc ti c lin quan ti mt nhm ngi Khampa trn khi qu hng ca h. Dodrupchen gip h, nhng ngi khng c quan h vi nhm ngi c bit . Li buc ti khc l Dodrupchen tng trong vng Thanh H trong vi nm m khng khai bo cho Amban, iu l ng. Hn na, ngi ta ni rng ngi ang i m ca mt Khenpo, mt tu vin trng, m khng c chnh thc tha nhn, iu ch ng mt phn bi ngi khng nhn c s tha nhn nh th t phi Geluk, l th ch tn gio chnh thc ca c khu . Nh hai ngi thng dch, Amban tra vn Dodrupchen sut mt ngy gia mt hi chng ng o gm nhng ngi Ty Tng v Mng C c chc quyn ca vng Thanh H, trong c Vua Ngawang Dargye v Jonang Dzasak. Tt c hi chng, nh Dodrupchen m t, ngi nh th ang nhn lnh mt bi ging o. Vo cui ngy, khng nhng Dodrupchen c phng thch m Amban cn cm kch n ni thm ch ng cn khn cu ngi cu nguyn cho mt ngi bn b bnh ca ng ta. Nh th vn c gii quyt mt cch k diu trc s ngc nhin ca mi ngi. Nu khng, iu c th l mt mi nguy him cho tnh mng ca Dodrupchen v cho a v ca nhiu hong t Mng C, l nhng nh bo tr ca ngi. Nhiu thng sau, Amban c mt s gi khc thnh mi Dodrupchen ti Sining. Ti Sining, Amban ni vi Dodrupchen vi v ht sc tn knh: Thng th khi ngi ta nhn c th ca Hong , h phi ng quay mt v hng ng nghe c th. Tuy nhin ngi vn c th ngi, nhng lng nghe mt cch nghim cn v hng v pha ng. Tht trang trng, ngi m l th ca Hong Chia Ching (tr v 1756-1820), trong c nhng dng sau y: Nu Lt ma lm li lc cho mi ngi th vic ngi l mt Lt ma ca phi M [Hng Mo, Nyingma] khng thnh vn . Ngi [Dodrupchen] phi min Thanh H. Ngi khng c i Ng i Sn, Lhasa hay v qu hng ca ngi. Nu ngi i, ngi phi hi kin Hong trc tin. Cc th lnh [ca vng Thanh H] phi tn knh v phc v cho Lt ma.204 Mi ngi trong min thy rng vic Hong tha nhn Dodrupchen l mt Lt ma ca mi hai khu vc (mDaTshan) ca Mng C l mt vinh d to ln. H vui mng bi vic h cu nguyn ngi li vi h c chp nhn. Nhng gic mng n Ng i Sn ca Dodrupchen b tan v. (C nhng cu chuyn k rng cc v th lnh- t ca Dodrupchen tc ng ti sc lnh ca Hong khin ngi phi li min .) Nhn thy by gi ngi khng th i ngc li sc lnh ca Hong m du hnh ti Ng i Sn, thay vo Dodrupchen mun i min Trung Ty Tng gp Jigme Lingpa mt ln na. Nhng cc t ca ngi khng khng phn i d

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nh ny bng cch vin dn mnh lnh ca Hong . V th Dodrupchen phi Jigme Chdrak thay mt ngi ti min Trung Ty Tng vi nhng phm vt cng dng khng l, mi th m ngi s hu. Nhng ngi du hnh cng mang qu tng ca Vua Ngawang Dargye cho Jigme Lingpa.205 Th lnh Chonang khn cu Dodrupchen xy mt gompa (tu vin) v ha s h tr mi iu cn thit v mt ti chnh v chnh tr. Nhng Dodrupchen t chi khng nhn cc mn cng dng, t nhc mnh mt cu tc ng c xa: ng qu gn nhng nh bo tr ca bn. Arik Geshe Chenmo Champa Gelek Gyaltsen (1726-1803)206 ca Tu vin Ragya, mt hc gi li lc phi Geluk, ht sc tn thn Dodrupchen v cng dng ngi tht trng th. ng cng nhn cc s trao truyn t Dodrupchen. Mt trn dch Arik Ragya Gompa, mt tu vin ln phi Geluk Amdo, git cht khong mt na trong s bn ngn tu s . Tt c nhng ngi sng st chy trn sang mt thung lng gn , ngoi tr mt tu s, ng khng chn la vic ra i, bi iu ph v vic ng tng c li nguyn Manjushr-nama-samgit (Ht tng nhng Danh hiu ca c Vn Th). Mt hm, ng ta nghe m thanh ca nhng ci chung v nhn thy mt vi ngi vi mt con th khc thng trng ging con h tin vo tu vin b b hoang. Khi mt ngi trong s i vo nh ca ng, trc khi ng c th cnh bo cho ngi y v bnh dch, ngi ni: Dodrupchen y. Ngi mun gi thng ip cho cc tu s rng khng cn nguy him na v h c th tr v. Chng ti ang gii quyt nhng t thi b b li. Sau ny, Dodrupchen c hnh mt l cng dng la (homa) v lm ngng bnh dch, khin cho Tu vin hi sinh. Tht k diu, ngi cng a mt sui nc t tng Amye Khyung-gn, ngn i pha sau tu vin, hin nay vn l mt dng sui cha bnh. T Thung lng Do Golok, mt ngi ch ca Dodrupchen v nhng ngi khc n thuyt phc ngi tr v qu hng. Vin dn lnh ca Hong , cc th lnh v dn chng ca vng Thanh H, l nhng t ca ngi, phn i vic ngi ra i. Nhng ngi ch ca Dodrupchen thnh lnh b bnh v t chi dng thuc hay n bt k tu vin no cu nguyn tr phi Dodrupchen tr v qu hng vi ng. V th cc th lnh b bt buc phi cho Dodrupchen tr v nh. Ngi li Lt ma Pema Tamch nh ngi i din ca ngi cho thy ngi khng t b min ny. Nm 1799, t Thanh H, Dodrupchen tr v Thung lng Do. ngi tip tc xy dng Drotn Lhntrup Gompa ca ngi ti Shukchen Tago trong Thung lng Do. Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku cng n Thung lng Do gip Dodrupchen xy tu vin. Cng vi Gyalwe Nyuku v nhng ngi khc, Dodrupchen ving thm Vua Tsewang Lhndrup (mt nm 1825) x Dzigak ti Phntsok Dzong, Vua x Chtse, v nhiu ni trong Thung lng Dzika trao truyn gio l, c hnh cc bui l, v gy qu cho tu vin. Nden Dorje, mt ngi chu tr tui ca Dodrupchen, ngi m v sau tr thnh Khangdong (hay Khordong) Terchen ni ting, n thm ch.207 Dodrupchen ban cho cu mt chy kim cng v mt phurbu v yu cu cu ng ln. Cm nhng php kh ny trong tay, Terchen quay li v ni HM HM HM. Vo lc , nhng hi c ca Terchen v vic cu tng l Ddl Dorje (1615-1672) trong qu 127

kh c nh thc. Sau Dodrupchen ban cho cu qun nh Yumka Dechen Gyalmo, v Terchen nghe m thanh ca thn ch OM PADMOYOGIN JNNAVRHI HM n t tt c nhng cy ci, hoa l m cu c th nhn thy xung quanh cu. Nm 1801, trong mt ln ving thm Thung lng Mar, Dodrupchen gp Do Khyentse (1800-1866), khi khong mt tui. Cu b ang ni n cha m cu a cu ti gp mt ngi tn l Snam Chden, ni thm rng nu khng cu s v nh, c ngha l cu s cht. Snam Chden l mt trong nhng danh hiu trc y ca Dodrupchen, nhng tr ngi ra hu nh khng ai bit danh hiu . Khi Dodrupchen gp cu b, mt ngi m l, ngi m ly cu b v qu quyt: Ta s chm sc con. Nhiu nm sau Khyentse vit rng khi ngi gp Dodrupchen, ngi khng nhn thy v Thy ny trong thn tng ca mt ngi bnh thng m l Guru Rinpoche. Theo li khuyn ca Dodrupchen, Do Khyentse c a ti Shukchen Tago v bt u nhn nhng gia h v gio l. Do Khyentse vn nhn thy Dodrupchen trong nhng thn tng khc nhau v c nhng ngi nam v n vy quanh trong nhng hnh tng huyn b. Sau khi ln ln, cu nhn ra rng nhng hnh tng l nhng thn tng khng bnh thng ca Lt ma hay mi trng xung quanh ca ngi. Sau khi ko di c vi nm, s kin v th lnh min Thung lng Do thng lin can n vic che ch mt tn cp b khm ph. S bt ng ny lm Dodrupchen v cng tht vng, bi ngi khng ch l mt Lt ma v i, m cn l mt v th lnh b tc sng sut, o c, v ng knh. Chng bao lu, ngi t chi vic li Shukchen Tago, mc d n vn l mt n tht trong nhiu nm. Paltrl Rinpoche (1808-1887) c Kanjur mt thi gian di v hc thuc lng nhiu Kinh in.208 Tuy nhin, khi cn nh, ti thng i qua ni , ti ch nhn thy nhng tn tch ca Shukchen Tago. Dodrupchen vn nhn nhng li mi khn cp ca vua x Dege v Tu vin Dodrupchen. Ngi ti Tu vin Gyarong, Tu vin Dzogchen, v nhng ni trong Thung lng Dzachukha. mi ni, ngi c n tip bng nhng l rc trng th. Ti Tu vin Dzogchen ngi ban nhng qun nh cho Dzogchen Rinpoche T tr tui. Khi ngi nghe ni nhip chnh Hong thi hu x Dege b bnh nng, ngi vi v i ti Cung in Dege. Hong thi hu va mi khi bnh. Dodrupchen ban cho b cc gio l Yeshe Lama v nhng gio l khc. Ngi ban cho nh vua cc qun nh Hyagrva v Vajrakla ca Gyluk. V sau ngi cng trao truyn cho vua nhng gio l terma do chnh Dodrupchen khm ph. Dodrupchen trao truyn nhiu gio l, trong c Yabzhi, Longchen Nyingthig, Nyingma Gybum, v Dzdn cho nhiu t, k c nhng Lt ma cao cp ca cc tu vin Nyingma Kham, chng hn nh Dzogchen, Kathok, v Zhechen. Trong s nhng ngi th nhn c Dzogchen Rinpoche T, Do Khyentse, Zhechen Rabjam Tam, Kathok Situ, cc Gotsa Tlku, Gomchen Ngawang Chjor, v Thartse Khenchen Namkha Chi-me x Ngor.209 Ti lc , Do Khyentse ang c Dodrupchen chm sc v c chnh Dodrupchen tha nhn l tlku khng chnh thc ca Jigme Lingpa. Sau vn bn ph chun cho vic tha nhn ca Sakya Kongma v cc tlku Drikung, l nhng t thn thit ca Jigme Lingpa, c cc v i din mang n t 128

Drikung. Nhng v ny ti a v tlku ti min Trung Ty Tng. Khi , vi s t chc cng phu ca Cung in Dege, Do Khyentse c gi ti Drikung, nam t ca Jigme Lingpa l mt trong hai v lnh o ca dng Drikung. Nm 1806, khi mt ngi ch ca Dodrupchen mt, t Dege, ngi vi v tr v Golok. Nhng cho ti nm 1809, ngi i ti i lui vi ln gia Dege, Dzogchen, v Golok, c hnh cc bui l v ch yu l ban cc trao truyn v gio l ti nhiu tu vin v nhng ni khc. Cng vi Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku, Dodrupchen xy dng Tu vin Dzagya210 trong Thung lng Dzachukha, l ni sau ny tr thnh tr x chnh ca Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku v ca Paltrl Rinpoche, t ni ting ca v Thy ny. y, ti mun ch thch l trong cung in Dege c mt s i khng c tnh cht b phi chng li nh hng ca cc Lt ma phi Nyingma m ngi lnh o l Dodrupchen. Tuy nhin, khng c g l nn tng khng nh rng Dodrupchen b tng giam v sau b trc xut khi Dege trong cuc ni dy Dege nm 1798211 nh cc nh bin son Ty phng a ra. Thc ra, Dodrupchen khng Dege trong thi gian ny. T nm 1793 ti 1799, ngi vn vng Thanh H, ban gio l cho nhng ngi Ty Tng v Mng C. Ngi ch t Amdo tr v Golok nm 1799 v xy dng Shukchen Tago Gompa. Ch t khong nm 1802 ti 1809 ngi mi thng xuyn thm ving Dege, ban gio l cho nhip chnh Hong thi hu v thi t, ngi s tr thnh nh vua nm 1806. Dodrupchen thc hin nhiu cuc thm ving v tri qua rt nhiu thi gian Dege sau khi ngi t Amdo tr v, so vi ln ving thm duy nht trong nhiu thng vo nm 1793. Theo nhiu ti liu, khng ch nhip chnh Hong thi hu m c con trai ca b, Vua Tsewang Dorje Rigdzin (1786-1847?, tr v 1806-1847?), vn l nhng ngi m o nhit tnh ca Dodrupchen. Dodrupchen thc y cung in Dege212 t lm nhng bn khc g su quyn sch ca Jigme Lingpa, v cng in hai mi lm quyn Nyingma Gybum v hn mi quyn sch ca Longchen Rabjam. Cui cng vo nm 1809 Dodrupchen tr v Golok. Mt tin tri ca Rongtn Dechen Lingpa (th k 17) ni: Mt ha thn ca Thi t Siu phm, B Tt anh hng, S xut hin, vi nhng o s v thin gi ca Dzogchen Ati (i Vin mn). Ngi s xy dng khong ba tu vin Thung lng Ser thng, trung v h. Nm 1810, vo nm su mi su tui, ngi thit lp mt trung tm thin nh ti Yarlung o Trakchen trong Thung lng Ser. Ngi t tn cho n l Pemak Tsasum Khandr Ling. Sau ny, n c thng c gi l Tu vin Yarlung Pemak.213 Sau khi xy dng Yarlung Pemak, Dodrupchen th khng bao gi ri ni ny, v th ngi khng i u ht m trong hn mi nm k tip ca i ngi. Trong khi Dodrupchen sng , hu nh vo mi ngy mng mi v hai mi lm m lch, ngi ta c th nghe thy m nhc tri ln Yarlung Pemak nhng khng r xut x. Mi ngi tin rng hi chng cc dka v dkin chi nhc. Vo nhng ngy ny, khi nghe nhc, mi ngi c nhc nh rng hm nay l mt trong nhng ngy l trong thng.

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Ti Yarlung Pemak, Dodrupchen ging dy v ban nhng trao truyn cho rt nhiu t, nhiu ngi trong s tr thnh nhng o s ni ting. Thng thng, khi Dodrupchen ban qun nh v gio hun th Jigme Kalzang truyn vn bn (Lung) nhn danh ngi. Nm 1812, Do Khyentse t min trung Ty Tng tr v thm Dodrupchen gi yu. Vua x Dege khng ngng hi thc Dodrupchen v Do Khyentse ti Dege, nhng Dodrupchen khng i c, bi ngi th khng bao gi ri khi tu vin ca ngi.214 Nm hai mi tui,215 Dzogchen Rinpoche T (1793-?) ving thm Yarlung Pemak nhn thm gio l t Dodrupchen. Dodrupchen ban cho Dzogchen Rinpoche qun nh, nhng bn vn, v gio hun thuc v Longchen Rabjam v Jigme Lingpa, cng nh Vima Nyingthig v Nyen-gy Dorje Zampa. Dodrupchen gia h cho Dzogchen Rinpoche bng cch ban cho ngi mt tch s ngi ng y chang (bia). Vi thc ung ny, s chng ng ca v Thy c chuyn sang Dzogchen Rinpoche mt cch t nhin, v ngi t c trng thi gii tan cc hin tng tng i vo bn tnh tuyt i (Chos Nyid Zad Pa). V sau Dzogchen Rinpoche tr thnh mt bc lo thng lng danh, bc khng to ra nhng phn bit v khng hy vng hay s hi iu tt hay xu. C nhiu cu chuyn k l v cuc i v tr tu ca ngi. Khi ln u tin Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye (1800-?) nhn thy Tu vin Yarlung Pemak t xa, ngi bc xung nga. Thc hin nhiu l ly, ngi khc nh mt a tr. Ngi ni: Ni chn ny ca Thy ta khng l g ngoi Ci Tnh V song chn thc ca Php Thn. Khi ngi ti gp Dodrupchen, Lt ma ang gia h cho mi ngi bng cch dng mt l phn nh lm bng nhng di ruy bng la nm mu chm vo ngi h, v Gyalwe nhn thy c Vajrapni (Kim Cng Th) trong mt thn nh sng t im l phn. Nm 1815, Dodrupchen phi Do Khyentse ti min Trung Ty Tng vi nhng mn cng dng khng l. Ngi tr v nm 1816. Nm 1817/18, Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku ti Yarlung Pemak thm Dodrupchen216 gi yu ln cui cng. l thi im ht sc vui mng v bun b cho cha v con hay cc huynh trong Php. Dodrupchen kt lun cuc sum hp bng cch ni: l bui gp g [him hoi v y h lc] ca mt ngi cht v mt ngi sng. Dodrupchen ban gio l Ngndro v nhiu gio l khc cho Gyalwe Nyuku v nhng ngi khc. Ngi cng tin tri ni Gyalwe Nyuku s thit lp tr x chnh ca mnh, vi nhng m t chi tit v mt ni m ngi cha bao gi nhn thy. Ti Yarlung Pemak, nhiu o s v i ti nhn cc trao truyn t Dodrupchen. Trong s c Gyalwe Nyuku, Dzogchen Rinpoche T, Do Khyentse, Thnh tu gi Kathok Getse, Dola Jigme Kalzang, Repa Tamtsik Dorje, Chying Tobden Dorje, Zhichen Snam Palden, Snam Gyaltsen, Changlung Namkha Jigme Dorje, v Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye. Nm 1819, Dodrupchen khuyn217 cc i din ca Cung in Dege, Tu vin Dzogchen, Tu vin Kathok, v Drikung cho php Do Khyentse tr thnh mt n s tntrika (hnh gi Mt tha), nh ngi c nguyn hon thnh nhng hot ng gic ng ca ngi. V th h cho php Do Khyentse m ng cuc i ca mt yog lang thang. Do Khyentse nh li i sng ca Dodrupchen gi yu trong nhng ngy :

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Sc khe ca ng Php Vng Tn qu tt hn trc. Thnh thong ngi bt thn ht nhng bi ca du gi, nhng chng ti khng c c hi ghi li nhng bi ht . i khi ngi miu t nhng linh kin ca ngi v cc ci tnh Bo Thn, v nhng lc khc, ngi m t nhng hon cnh khc nhau ca chng sinh trong su ci. Ngi cng ban nhng tin tri v tng lai ca vic truyn b Gio Php v ca nhng c nhn. Mt vi ngi trong chng ti vn nhn thy thn ngi trong nhng hnh tng khc nhau, v i khi chng ti khng nhn thy thn ngi m ch thy y phc ca ngi trn ngai ta. C v s iu k diu. Mi khi chng ti nh li nhng cu hi m chng ti c v nhng vn quan trng ca cc gio l, ngi tr li mt cch t nhin m khng cn chng ti phi hi.218 Nm By mi by tui, vo sng sm219 ngy mi ba thng ging nm Kim T (1821), ngi bin thnh y phc Bo Thn. Ngi ban cc gio hun ring cho mt vi t. Sau , khng bnh tt, ngi tan ha vo s an bnh ti thng, trong khi m t kinh nghim ca ngi v nhng giai on ca vic thu hi nng lc ca cc yu t (cc i) trong thn th. Nhng tia v vng nh sng cu vng v mt trn ma hoa trn ngp khng gian. Khi thn ngi c ha thiu, nhiu x li xut hin nh du hiu ca s thnh tu cao cp. Cc mn ca ngi xy mt bo thp bng vng trong h gi gn di ct ca ngi ti tu vin Dodrupchen cho ti nm 1959. Ngawang Tendar Lharampa, mt nh bin son ni ting phi Geluk v l mt t ca Dodrupchen Alaksha, Mng C, vit: C nhng o s c th t c s chng ng.. tan ha [thn th h thnh thn nh sng cu vng] nhng thay vo chn thnh tu trng thi ca mt v h tr tr tu (Tr minh vng) vi thnh tch li. L do l bi mt s v khng chm dt nghip lc ca mnh hin mnh cho vic chuyn Php lun cc hot ng nhm phng s Gio Php v chng sinh. Nhng v khc li di ct trong hnh thc ca dung (phn) v cc x li, nhng vt ny t nht cng tn ti nh sui ngun ca nhng gia h cho cc t. Mt in hnh l [cch cht ca] ng quy y (nng ta) tn qu ca chng ti, c Jigme Thrinle zer vinh quang, s hin l huyn ha ca c Ph Hin, c Pht nguyn thy xut hin trong nhng tri gic ca chng sinh c th gio ha nh bc th h ca cc hin nhn v hin thn ca mt trm b Pht.220 Ngay m Dodrupchen mt, Do Khyentse, t chnh yu ca ngi, khi y ang mt ni cch xa nhiu tun l du hnh nhn c di chc tm linh ca ngi. Cui m mi ba thng ging nm Kim T, Dodrupchen xut hin trn khng trung trong mt thn nh sng chi li v mt b y phc bng nh sng. Ngi l lng trn mt tm thm nh sng c bn dkin nng . Bng mt ging ht sc quyn r ngi ht nhng bi k trong di chc ca ngi, trong c nhng ging sau y, v sau tan ha vo Do Khyentse. Ta ang i vo s rng ln ca Tr tu ca Php gii Ti thng (Php gii th tnh tr),

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L trng thi siu vt t tng v nhng biu l. Ta ang i vo trng thi ca Tr tu nh Gng (i vin cnh tr), L nh sng rc r quang minh bt tn, ti mi v khong t. Ta ang i vo s rng ln ca Tr tu ca nhng Bnh ng (Bnh ng tnh tr), Trong mi t tng v s bm chp v ngi bm chp tan bin vo Php gii ti thng. Ta ang i vo Tr tu Gic tnh Phn bit (Diu quan st tr), L s quang minh, s l dng ca su loi thu th. Ta ang i vo trng thi ca Tr tu Thnh tu (Thnh s tc tr), L ci ha hin nhng hin l khc nhau ph hp vi nhu cu ca chng sinh c th gio ha. Ta ang i ti Zangdok Palri, ci tnh ca nhng v h tr tr tu (Tr minh vng). Bi tm ta tr nn ng nht vi tm Heruka, Ta s hin l ba ha thn nh bn ng hnh ca con. Di chc ny, cho ti khi xut hin r rng Nh nt v b mt ca cc biu tng dkin, Hy nim kn li nh ming ca mt t thi. Cu mong nhng biu tng ny khng bao gi bin mt. TISTHA-LHEN! Nam t, hy li an khang. By gi con chin thng nhng chng ngi ca i con. Cho ti khi mi hin hu hin tng c gii thot nh nhng du hiu v gio l [ca Gio Php], Con nn coi sinh t v Nit bn l nhng gic mng v s huyn ha. Hy hin mnh cho vic thin nh l ni khng c im quy chiu. y l qun nh ph chc v nguyn c tuyt i. y l qun nh siu vit ca nhng qun nh.221 Dodrupchen khm ph nhiu gio l nh kho tng tm, di tiu Tamch Dechen Lamchok, Con ng Ti ho ca Cc Lc, nhng Thnh Php. N bao gm cc sdhana Ngoi, Ni, v B mt ca c Pht A Di , mt sdhana thing ling nht ca Hayagrva, v cc sdhana ca mi hai o s Dzogchen, Milarepa, Machik Labdrn, v Mahdeva (i Thin). Ngi cng khm ph mt nghi l Ch ni ting, c ta l Chuwo Chigdre. Trong cc tc phm ca ngi c Gyats Chuthik (Mt Git t i dng), mt bn dch di v ngn ca nhng bnh ging ngn v Ynten Rinpoche Dz, mt bnh ging ngn v Ch Khandr Kegyang, mt sdhana v s tnh ha samaya, v nhng bin son v nghi l Mahkala v v sdhana Vajrakla do Sangye Lingpa khm ph. Dodrupchen bin son nhiu tin tri. Ta c bit rng Tu vin Labrang Amdo c mt tuyn tp v cc tin tri ca ngi. Chnh ti nhn thy tuyn tp vi trm trang, nhng hin nay ch cn st li mt tit on gm mt t trang. Dodrupchen ni ting l c nhng tin tri r rng v chnh xc. Thng th cc Lt ma vit nhng tin tri khi h c nghe ni v cc s vic ca mt dkin, mt Lt ma, hay mt v Pht trong mt linh kin. Nhng s c o ni cc tc phm tin tri ca Dodrupchen nm ch ngi bo trc cc s vic nh mt linh kin t

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nhin hay t xut hin trong trng thi tr tu chng ng t thn ca ngi. Chng hn nh: Trong tm gng ca Php gii Ti thng [ca tm tr tu ca ti], l ci g thot khi cc nim tng, Xut hin nhng tnh hung ca th gii ni chung, v Ca min ng Ty Tng (mDo sMad) ni ring, Trong hnh thc ca nhng duyn sinh khng c s lm lc no222 Ngi bo trc nhiu s kin lin quan ti vic truyn b Gio Php, nhng tnh, v nhng c nhn. Chng hn nh, ngi tin tri vic ra i ca Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892), Zhapkar Tsoktruk Rangtrl (1781-1851), Pema Siddhi (mt nm 1957), v hng trm Lt ma v i khc. Ngi bo trc l Trung quc s , mc d trong thi i ca ngi khng c ngha nh by gi. Ngi cng tin tri nhng g c th xy ra cho mt nhip chnh ca Ty Tng Tu vin Redring (mt nm 1947) v nhng hu qu ca s kin . Khng lu sau khi Dodrupchen mt, Dodrupchen tr v Yarlung Pemak knh l di ct, tro, v x li ca Dodrupchen c gi trong mt ci bnh. Cc t ca Dodrupchen hi thc Do Khyentse li nh ngi k v (gDan Tshabs) ca Dodrupchen, nhng ngi t chi. Sau ny, Gyalse Zenphen Thaye (1800-?) ca Tu vin Dzogchen, mt hc gi ni ting v l mt trong nhng t chnh ca Dodrupchen, n tr li nh ngi k v ca Dodrupchen trong mt thi gian. Gyalse bt u mt kha ging dy v thc hnh hng nm trong bn mi lm ngy v Guhyagarbha-myjlatantra (Mt in B mt tp hi) ti Yarlung Pemak. Paltrl lm tr ging cho Gyalse trong nm u tin, v sau bn thn ngi iu khin ging kha ny trong hai nm na.223 Paltrl Rinpoche v Nyoshl Lungtok (mt nm 1902?) sng quanh Thung lng Ser v Do, cc tr x ca Dodrupchen, trong khong chn hay mi nm.224 Trong s cc t ngi c nhng o s h tr dng truyn tha, nhng v c tin tri trong Tin tri B mt ca Lt ma Gond.225 l bn v h tr dng truyn tha c t tn l Dorje (rDo rJei gDung bZhi), mi ba v c t tn Dorje (rDo rJei Ming Chan bChu gSum), v su v c t tn Sangye (Pht mChed Drug). C nhng gii thch khc nhau nh r bn v h tr dng truyn tha c gi tn l Dorje. Mt cch l: (1) Dola Jigme Kalzang Dorje (Chkyi Lodr) min ng, ging nh m thanh ca mt con c x c trng y danh ting tm linh, (2) Repa Tamtsik Dorje ca Khyunglung (ngi ni ting v vic c t gm mt ngn yog v mt ngn yogin) min nam, vi nhiu t Mt tha nh mt t go trng, (3) Gyalse Rikpe Dorje (Zhenphen Thaye) min ty, vi nhiu t l thin gi tu s nh mt vn hoa sen , v (4) Chying Tobden Dorje (mt nh bin son v truyn b v i ca gio l Nyingthig Amdo, c bit l Rekong) min bc, ging nh mt phurbu st vi nhiu t mt tha y nng lc. Cch gii thch khc l: (1) Do Khyentse, (2) Dzogchen Rinpoche T, (3) Gyalse Rigpe Dorje, v (4) Kyebu Yeshe Dorje (Dola Jigme Kalzang).

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Cch th ba l: (1) Do Khyentse, (2) Dzogchen Rinpoche, (3) Repa Tamtsik Dorje, v (4) Chying Tobden Dorje. Kongtrl Yonten Gyatso (1813-1899) vit: Trc ngi, bc c gi l nh sng chi li (zer) ca phng ng, Ha Thn, Vi bn [ t] yog, nh c Guru Rinpoche tin tri, Bc hnh ng v s li lc ca chng sinh, ha thn tr tu ca Murum (Tsepo), Changchup Dorje [Dodrupchen], Th h ca cc Hin gi, con xin cu nguyn ngi.226 Mi ba v c gi l Dorje c lit k khc nhau, nhng mt cch lit k l: (1) Mingyur Namkhe Dorje, (2) Do Khyentse Yeshe Dorje, (3) Jigme Miky Dorje (Namkha Tsewang Choktrup, 1744-?) Gyarong Gn, (4) Repa Tamtsik Dorje, (5) Chying Tobden Dorje, (6) Jigme Palkyi Dorje, (7) Rigdzin Jampal Dorje Zhechen, (8) Kyilung Thukchok Dorje Golok, (9) Jigme Pawo Dorje, (10) Zhnu Yeshe Dorje (cn c gi l Dola Jigme Kalzang, (11) Wangda Dorje Palzang Golok, (12) Rigdzin Palkyi Dorje Troshl, v (13) Rolwe Dorje Barchung. Nyoshl Lungtok ngh cch khc phn loi nhng t chnh ca Dodrupchen: Th lnh ca tt c nhng t Khampa ca v h tr tr tu v i [Jigme Lingpa] l Dodrupchen Jigme Thrinle zer. Trong nhng t chnh yu ca Dodrupchen c bn v h tr dng truyn tha c gi l Dorje, su ngi c gi l Buddha (Pht), mi ba ngi c gi l Namkha, v mt trm v h tr mn la. V th lnh trong mi ba ngi c gi l Namkha l Mingyur Namkhe Dorje.227 Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku v Jigme Ngotsar l bn ng mn v t ca Dodrupchen. Ngoi ra, khi Paltrl Rinpoche cn nh, Dodrupchen xc nhn cu b l tlku ca Palge Lama, v bng s tin tri, ngi ni vi Dola Jigme Kalzang: Ta ph chc v trao truyn ton b gio l Longchen Nyingthig cho cu b, vi danh hiu l Ogyen Jigme Chkyi Wangpo. Nh gii thch trn, cc dng Nyingthig ca Vua Ngawang Dargye v t ca vua l Zhapkar Tsoktruk Rangtrl n qua Dodrupchen. Kuyang Lo-de,228 mt t v o s ca Zhapkar, vit trong mt li cu nguyn dng truyn tha: Knkhyen Jigme Lingpa, Con cu nguyn ngi, xin ban nhng gia h ca ngi. Knzang Zhenphen, Bc Siu vit trong nhng bc Lo thng, Php Vng Ngari Wangpo, v Tsoktrul Rangtrl Ton tr, con cu nguyn ngi, xin ban cho con nhng gia h.229

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Dng Longchen Nyingthig ca Dharma Senge (mt nm 1890) cng n qua Dodrupchen, nh Dharma Senge vit: Cu mong nhng kht khao thing ling ca Rigdzin Jigme Lingpa c p ng. Cu mong nhng kht khao thing ling ca Jigme Thrinle zer c p ng. Cu mong nhng kht khao thing ling ca Ngadak Yeshe Gyatso c p ng. Cu mong nhng kht khao thing ling ca bn s c p ng.230 Trong s nhiu ha thn ca Dodrupchen c Jigme Phntsok Jungne, Dodrupchen Nh (1824-1863), v Se Sherap Mebar (1829-1843),231 mt nam t ca Do Khyentse.

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13

JIGME GYALWE NYUKU 1765-1843

JIGME Gyalwe Nyuku232 l mt thin gi, B Tt, v bc lo thng v i. Ngi l mt trong hai o s lnh trch nhim truyn b Longchen Nyingthig trn khp x Ty Tng, c bit l min ng Ty Tng. Khi cn tr ngi c gi l Pema Kunzang v sau ny c gi l Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku, Nam t V y ca ng Chin Thng (Pht). Gyalwe Nyuku sinh nm Mc Du thuc Rabjung th mi ba (1765) trong nhm du c Getse trong Thung lng Dzachukha. Thn ph ngi l Ogyen Tashi thuc b tc Mange ca dng Dong, v thn mu l Tashi Kyi thuc b tc Aw. Dzachukha l thung lng gn ngun ca Sng Dza (Nyak Chu/Yalung). Gyalwe Nyuku l con th hai trong chn ngi con. T thi th u ngi khng bao gi quan tm ti nhng vui th th tc. Vo ma xun, mi khi ngi nhn thy nhng m my ma l lng trn bu tri v nghe ting sm nh nhng, ngi kinh nghim mt s thi thc mnh lit gic gi ngi i ti mt ni c tch trn nh mt ngn ni cao v hin mnh cho vic thin nh Pht Php. Mi ngi trong gia nh ngi u mun ngi tr thnh mt gia trng ti gii, ngoi tr m ngi, ngi rt m o v c gng gip ngi thc hin nhng c nguyn v Php. Nm mi hai tui, ngi c c hi tp c. Nm mi bn tui ngi i hnh hng ti Lhasa, Samye, v nhiu ni khc v tr v bnh an. Nm mi lm tui ngi nhn nhng gio hun i Vin mn v Tsasum Sangwa Nyingthig t Getse Lama Rigdzin Gyatso (?-1816?).233 Lt ma bo ngi: hon thin vic thin nh ca ng v bn tnh ca tm iu duy nht ng cn lm ch l duy tr nhng g ng chng ng. Ngi c nhng linh kin phi thng v c th tin tri nhiu vic s xy ra sau ny. Nm mi su tui ngi b bt buc phi i theo anh ca ngi trong nhng chuyn i bun. Trong nhng cuc du hnh ny ngi b trn ngp bi mt ni khip s mnh lit v vic ni di v chi ra ca nhng ngi th tc.

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Nm mi by tui ngi a thn mu i hnh hng Lhasa vi vi ngi bn. Trong khi h min Trung Ty Tng, ngi v mt ngi bn c chy trn thc hnh Php, nhng nhng ngi bn bt h li v a h v Kham. Nm mi tm tui, ngi thc hin mt kha nhp tht thin nh mt trm ngy. Nm mi chn tui, anh ngi mt. Hn hn bt k s kin n c no khc, iu ny chuyn ha tm ngi hng v Php mt cch kin nh, nhng Lobsang Chkyong, th lnh ca nhm b tc Getse, v nhng ngi thn ca ngi bt u thc p ngi kt hn v chm sc gia nh. Tuy nhin ngi khng nhng b cht no khi quyt nh t b cuc i ca mt gia ch. Bi nu li Kham ngi khng th no hin mnh cho mt cuc i tu tp Php nn cng mt ngi bn tn l Rigdzin, mt thin gi tu tp Php thuc nhm b tc Barchung, ngi chy trn ti min Trung Ty Tng. Ngi chun b mang theo mt nn bc chi dng. Du hnh qua Chabdo, Drikung, Gaden, Yamalung, v Samye, h ti Lhasa. Gyalwe Nyuku khng ch c ph bm tr tu tm linh m cn rt thng tu v thc tin. Anh bn Rigdzin ca ngi rt ng tin cy v tm linh nhng khng thc t v khng c nhiu kh nng ngay c vic kim ci lm nhin liu trong ni non. Lhasa mt tn trm trong y phc tu s bit rng h mun i nn bc ly tin. Mt hm khi Gyalwe Nyuku i khi, tn trm li gp Rigdzin v t mun i nn bc thnh ng xu theo gi m h mun. Rigdzin a nn bc v tn trm bin mt. Nh th, ngoi tr mt vi vt c tng, h khng cn g sng. Thay v qu trch bn, Gyalwe Nyuku an i anh ta v ni: Chng ta mt nn bc bi ta khng c cng c s hu v s dng n. Sau khi i qua Drak Yangdzong, h ti Samye. h gp Dodrupchen nht, l ngi m Rigdzin bit Kham. Dodrupchen khuyn h: Cc con l nhng thanh nin thuc nhng gia nh giu c.. Cc con nn thin nh ti Chimphu cng vi ta, bi ta sp i ti , nhng trc khi thin nh cc con phi nhn nhng gio hun ng n. C mt Lt ma thu sut mi s m khng c cht chng ngi no, v ngi cng ban gio l ph hp vi nhu cu ca t m khng l thuc vo vic h c nhng vt cng dng hay khng. Ngi l Khyentse Rinpoche [Jigme Lingpa], o s ca ta. Ta s gi cc con ti ngi vi mt l th. Hy vui v. Theo li khuyn ca Dodrupchen, h ti Tsering Jong v gp Jigme Lingpa. Gyalwe Nyuku vit rng khi h nhn thy Jigme Lingpa, trong mt lt mi cm nhn v cuc i ny tan bin v ngi kinh nghim s h lc nh th ngi t c con ng ca s ni qun. Sau trong mi lm ngy h nhn qun dnh Rigdzin Dpa, khu truyn Ynten Dz, v nhng gio hun chi tit v thin nh i Vin mn ph hp vi s thun thc ca tm h (sMin Khrid). Sau h tr li gp Dodrupchen Samye. Sau mt chuyn hnh hng ngn, h ti Tsang thm Gomchen Kuzhap, Rigdzin Pema She-nyen lng danh. Trn ng, mc d khng bit bi, h t Rigdzin gia Dodrupchen v Gyalwe Nyuku v vt Sng Kyichu. Sau ny Gyalwe Nyuku ngh rng h thnh cng ch nh s gia h ca Tam Bo. Tsang h nhn nhiu s trao truyn Changter (nhng Kho tng Phng Bc) t Pema She-nyen v nhng trao truyn Ch t Drupchen Thupten Tendzin.

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Sau Dodrupchen d tnh i Lhasa mt mnh gp bn ca ngi v tr v Kham. Gyalwe Nyuku ni n xin c i cng ngi n tn Lhasa. Trn ng i Dodrupchen ng bnh trm trng, nhng ngi chp nhn bnh tt ca ngi vi s hoan h ln lao, v iu ny khin Gyalwe v cng cm kch. T Lhasa, Gyalwe Nyuku ti Tu vin Dorje Trak gp Pema She-nyen khi ang ban nhng trao truyn Rigdzin Chenmo. Sau h tr v Tsang. Sau khi hon tt mt kha nhp tht hai nm chn thng, Gyalwe v Rigdzin tr v Lhasa. Ti Trak Yerpa, Gyalwe Nyuku gp mt Lt ma vi b qun o rch ri, p v. Ch nhn thy Lt ma khng thi pht sinh trong lng ngi mt nim tin mnh lit, nh th ngi nhn thy Guru Rinpoche bng xng bng tht. Lt ma ban cho ngi nhng gii thch lm sng t vic thin nh ca ngi v tin tri rng trong giai on u i Gyalwe Nyuku khng an tr mt ni nhng v sau ngi s khng mun ri mt thung lng nhn v hng ng nam, v ngi s thnh tu nhng mc ch i vi bn thn ngi v nhng ngi khc. Gyalwe Nyuku ti Tsering Jong v nhn nhiu s trao truyn v gio hun t Jigme Lingpa. Theo li khuyn ca Jigme Lingpa, sau khi nhn qun nh Yumka ngi thc hin hnh trnh gian kh ti ngn ni thing Tsri. Trn ng i ngi thin nh ti nhiu thnh a trong mt tun hay hn. Bi ngi tng i giy cho mt ngi hnh kht trc lu, khi gn ti Tsri ngi phi i chn trn, ngay c trong tuyt. Bn chn ngi tr nn t cng v bin dng, n ni khi mt vi a tr nhn thy vt chn ca ngi trn ng h tr v, s rng l du chn ca mt con qui vt. Trong nhng hon cnh gian kh nh th, ngi mt nhiu ngy i nhiu quanh Ni Tsri. mt ni, hy sinh s an ton ca ring mnh, ngi cu mng mt s ngi b chn di tuyt trn ng h i nhiu. Thay v ht sc au n hay lo bun, ngi lin tc kinh nghim mi s xut hin nh Bo Thn, nhng thn tng Pht bng nh sng v tia sng, s xut hin t nhin khng c nhng nim nh nguyn. Trong chn thng ngi n c nghim nht thin nh ti Tsri. Vo lc bt u ngi dng mt t tsampa ba ln mi ngy vi mt loi sp lm bng v mt loi cy. Sau mt thi gian, ngi dng tsampa mi ngy mt ln. Sau tsampa cn kit, v ngi un si nhng torma c, bnh cng kh m ngi dng cng trc v ung cht sp ca n mi ngy mt ln. Khi nhng mn cng ht, ngi khng cn g n. Sau mt thi gian, thm ch ngi c th nhn thy nh nng qua nhng khp xng ca ngi. Ngi un si mt t cy tm ma v ung cht nc, nhng n lm c hng ngi b tn thng. Sau ngi tm thy mt ci xng hng c ca mt con cu. Ngi nu si n v ung sp, iu mang li mt cht m du cho c th ngi. Sau khi hon tt kha nhp tht chn thng, ngi sn sng ra i. Nng ta vo s h tr ca mt chic gy chng bng cch nm cht n bng c hai bn tay, ngi bt u ri hang. Ngi cm nhn trong mi bc i l ngi sp mt thc v ng xung. Ngi khng th ng thng thn mnh, bi ngi cm thy rut ca ngi dnh cht vo xng sng. C ngi rt di, v nhng khp xng c v xng sng ca ngi d m. Vic ung mt ly nc s gip ngi i thm vi bc nhng sau nc khin cho ngi v cng phin h khi i tiu. Sau khi i theo cch ny trong bn ngy, cui cng ngi gp vi ngi cho ngi thc phm, v t t ngi bt u phc hi sc khe m khng c bin chng no.

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Sau khi du hnh nhiu ngy, ngi ti c ch ca Jigme Lingpa v nhn mt gia h ngn gn. Sau ngi i ti n tht Ogyen Ling nhp tht trong su thng, trong thi gian ngi c nhiu kinh nghim v linh kin. Mt hm ngi ra ngoi nng, nhn ln bu tri v pha v Thy ca ngi , v mt ni nh v hn v bn s Jigme Lingpa v nhng v Thy khc pht khi trong tm ngi. Ngi cu nguyn cc Thy vi lng sng m mnh lit. Ngi kinh nghim mt s nhm chn sinh t mnh m hn cm xc m ngi tng c trc y. Ngi khc trong nhiu thi kha thc hnh. Sau , ngh rng kinh nghim ny c l l mt chng ngi, ngi suy nim v bn tnh ti thng. Trong mt lt, ngi nh th mt thc. Khi ngi tnh dy, ngi nhn ra rng khng c g thy hay thin nh, bi tt c nhng nhn thc v vic thc hnh thin nh bin mt. Trc ngi c mt im quy chiu vi t v ci thy (kin) v thin nh, nhng by gi mi s tri qua.234 Sau Gyalwe Nyuku nhn mt thng ip t Dodrupchen yu cu ngi ti gp Dodrupchen Tsering Jong, ni v Thy ny va tr li. Gyalwe vi v i Tsering Jong v gp Jigme Lingpa ln Dodrupchen. Ngi dng mt bn m t chi tit v kinh nghim thin nh ca ngi, trong ngi c cm tng l khng c thin gi thu sut vic thin nh. Jigme Lingpa hi lng v ni: iu ng! S chng ng [bn tnh ti thng] phi n bng mt trong bn cch khc nhau. Mt vi thin gi sng m, tinh tn, bi mn, v khn ngoan chng ng n khi h nhn s ban tng tr tu trong mt l qun nh. Mt s chng ng n khi h nhn s t c nhng thnh tu, khi h hon tt vic thin nh v tr tng mt sdhana ca Bn Tn. Mt s chng ng n nh s trao truyn chng ng ca Lt ma cho h bng cch pht trin mt nim tin mnh lit ni Lt ma, bng cch nhn Lt ma nh mt v Pht thc s. Mt s chng ng n khi h thnh cng trong vic lm an du nhng no ng quy nhiu pht khi do nh hng ca nhng th lc tiu cc nhng ni linh thing hay b ma m chng hn nh cc ngha a. By gi con chng ng bn tnh ti thng nh s gia h ca Lt ma ln s thnh tu Bn Tn. V th t nay tr i, nh c Tampa [Sangye] Rinpoche ni: Khi ta ng mt mnh trong s n np, Ta an tr trong gic tnh ni ti trn tri. Khi ta gia nhiu ngi, Ta nhn [gng mt] ca mi s xut hin.235 Hy Nit bn c t ti trong trng thi nguyn s, khng nh by gic tnh nguyn s chng ng, l s hp nht ca s khong t v quang minh xut hin t trng thi nguyn s ca n, trong mng li ca s to tc nhng c tnh. Vo lc , Jigme Lingpa ang tri qua mt vn v mt, v Gyalwe Nyuku c phi i tm mt thy thuc. V Thy thuc tin hnh thnh cng mt ca m mt cho Jigme Lingpa. Trc s ni n ca Dodrupchen, Gyalwe Nyuku ng tr v Kham vi ngi. Thn mu ca Gyalwe Nyuku au yu nhng biu l s hnh phc v vic Gyalwe

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Nyuku hin mnh cho Php. B ni: Nu con c th thnh cng trong vic thc hnh Php th khng cn phi lo lng v ta. Sau khi c Dodrupchen cho php, Gyalwe Nyuku thc hin mt kha nhp tht tr tng ti Barchung Latrang. l nm 1793. K Gyalwe Nyuku i ti tri ca Dodrupchen ti Mam Do Dzachukha, nhng Dodrupchen i ti Cung in Dege. Ngi thc hin mt kha nhp tht mt trm ngy trong mt hang ng gn tri v c nhiu kinh nghim tm linh v linh kin. Sau kha nhp tht, khi ngi gp Dodrupchen t Cung in Dege tr v, Dodrupchen ni: Trong mt gic m ta thy mnh trn mt ngn ni cao dn theo mt by th nh, v k ta thy ng di thp, ang a ln nhiu con th. V th ng s lm li lc nhiu chng sinh hn ta. Gyalwe Nyuku phng s Dodrupchen mt thi gian khi v Thy ny ang ging dy gn Dzachukha. Sau Dodrupchen i Amdo v Mng C i Ng i Sn, v ngi phi Gyalwe v ngi chu l Jigme Changchup ti Tu vin Dzogchen. Gyalwe Nyuku nhp tht Tsering Phuk, gn Tu vin Dzogchen, ni c ln Dodrupchen thc hin kha nhp tht ca ring ngi. Chng bao lu sau kha nhp tht, ngi du hnh ti min Trung Ty Tng gp Jigme Lingpa mt ln na. Ti Tsering Jong, ngi kinh nghim s hoan h ln lao khi mt ln na gp c ton tr Jigme Lingpa, lc v Thy ny khng cn nhng bnh v mt na. Ngi cng gp Gyalse, con nh ca Jigme Lingpa. Ngi nhn nhng gio l su xa trong hai thng ri. Jigme Lingpa ni vi ngi: Trc y, ta khng bit l ng rt thng tu.. Nu ng li vi ta trong ba nm, ta s lm cho ng tr thnh mt ngi c bit. Gyalwe Nyuku thng thn trnh by rng ngi phi tr v qu hng v nhng bn phn vi cc bn hu ca ngi. Jigme Lingpa tr li: iu tt. S ng tin cy l phm tnh ca mt bng hu siu vit. Thc ra, thc hnh Php chn thc, khng cn bit qu nhiu th. Thng tin khng nht thit mang li li lc cho tm. Mt thi tt lnh lm li ch tm. Tuy nhin, ng c tr tu trong vic hc tp, phn tch, v thin nh c lp. Khng cn phi l thuc vo nhng cu trc tu vin. ng phi n lc thin nh trong nhng hang ng hay nhng tp lu, ni s khng xut hin nhng hon cnh tiu cc. Nu ngi ta n gp ng xin gio l, hy ch dy h vi s xc quyt. Bi thi ca ng tuyt vi nh vng rng, ng s gip ch cho chng sinh. Sau Gyalwe Nyuku tr v Kham. Ngi thc hin mt kha nhp tht nhiu nm gn Tu vin Dzogchen v mt kha nhp tht ba nm ti Getse Dzachukha. Nm 1799, ngi i ti Shukchen Tago gip Dodrupchen xy gompa mi ca ngi. Cng vi Dodrupchen ngi ti thm Vua Tsewang Lhndrup (?-1825) x Tsakho ti Cung in Phntsok, ti vua x Choktse, v ti nhiu ni khc trong Thung lng Dzika gip Dodrupchen ging dy v gy qu xy dng gompa. Sau ny Gyalwe Nyuku ch thn ving thm Cung in Phntsok. Nh vua thnh cu ngi li lm v tr tr Chupho Gompa hay Namgyal Teng Gompa nhng ngi t chi.

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Gaylwe Nyuku mun i Naksh Sinmo Dzong li , nhng trc s ni n ca Dodrupchen, ngi ha khng i ti nhng ni xa qu nm hay su ngy ng. Ti Lhalung Khuk ngi tham d l tn phong ca Do Khyentse v nhn thy Dodrupchen. c cm hng bi Gyalwe Nyuku, nhip chnh hong hu x Dege mun ngi an tr Cung in Dege, nhng nh s can thip kho lo ca Dodrupchen ngi c th trnh c mnh lnh ny. Nm 1804, tui bn mi, Gyalwe Nyuku nh c ti Trama Lung, Thung lng Nhng Cnh Kh, Dzachukha. Sau mt thi gian, ngi nhn mt thng ip t Dodrupchen rng nhip chnh hong hu x Dege mun ngi ti Cung in Dege. Ngi vit th cu cu Dodrupchen, Dodrupchen thnh cng trong vic xin nhip chnh hong hu min cho Gyalwe Nyuku thi hnh lnh ny. L mt i tng ca nhip chnh hong hu, Gyalwe Nyuku phi kho lo. Ti Trama Lung, cng vi n s, Gyalwe Nyuku sng trong s thin nh v ging dy hn hai mi nm,236 v ngi c gi l Dza Trama Lama, theo tn ca a phng. Trong thi gian , ngi khng hon ton n dt nh nhiu ngi nhp tht thng lm, m ging dy v ban cc qun nh ti Trama Lung v nhng ni ln cn cho cc thin gi, tu s, v c s. Nm 1812 ngi c nhiu kinh nghim, chng hn nh chuyn ha ton b cc hin tng thnh mt qu cu nh sng xanh dng v sau tan ha n vo bn thn ngi, khi thn ngi tan thnh mt hin tng xut hin nhng khng th nhn thc c, v sau cng tr li l thn ngi. Ngi nhn nhng qun nh t i Thnh tu gi Kathok Getse khi v Thy ny ving thm n tht ca ngi. Nm 1814 ti Norbu Ri Gompa ngi ban cc gio l cho Do Khyentse, ha thn ca v Thy ca ngi, v nhiu ngi khc. Do Khyentse nguyn tng thn ch ca c Avalokiteshvara mt trm triu ln. Nm 1815 Do Khyentse ang i qua Dzachukha trong chuyn ving thm min Trung Ty Tng ln th hai v l ln cui cng ca ngi, v Gyalwe Nyuku i tin ngi. Sau Gyalwe Nyuku i ti Tu vin Gyarong nhn mt qun nh trng th t o s Namkha Tsewang Chokdrup (1744-?). Ngi cng c Jigme Kalzang, nhip chnh ca Dodrupchen, ving thm v nhn cc qun nh t ngi. Vo khong thi gian ny, mt trong hai v Thy ca ngi Kham l Getse Lama Rigdzin Gyatso qua i. Nm 1816, Gyalwe Nyuku i n Do Khyentse tr v sau cuc ving thm min Trung Ty Tng. Ngi gp Do Khyentse v Dzogchen Rinpoche v nhn cc qun nh t hai v Thy ny. Nm 1817/18, sau khi nhn mt thng ip t Dodrupchen mi ngi ti gp, ngi v khong mi tu s i ti Yarlung Pemak trong Thung lng Ser. Cha v con (hay cc huynh ) trong Php c mt cuc sum hp vui v. Gyalwe v nhng ngi ng hnh ca ngi nhn tt c nhng gio l v qun nh m h mong c. p li khn cu ca Gyalwe Nyuku, Do Khyentse a ra mt tin tri vi m t chi tit v mt a im m Gyalwe Nyuku nn t tr x chnh ca ngi. Tin tri ni: pha Ty ca Dagyal [Dzagyal] Lhnpo nm ngn, mt a im c tch, C mt ni ging nh mt a hoa n.

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Ngn ni pha sau nh mt i thin gi ang suy nim. Ngn ni trc mt ging nh mt ci bnh c a ln. Ngn ni bn phi nh mt cun vi m ra trong khng trung.. Nc xung ca ht nhng nguyn m v ph m. X s nhiu mu sc vi cy ci v hoa l. Hy sp xp sng ni chn tuyt vi . Ngay khi Gyalwe Nyuku tr v Dzachukha, ngi di chuyn ti Gyag Photrang, a im c ph tng nhng tnh cht c Dodrupchen tin tri. Ngi hn mi nm. Mt m, Gyalwe Nyuku c mt gic m v nhng Bn Tn an bnh v phn n trong khng trung, v mt dkin ni vi ngi rng y l lc ngi ra i. Sau bn dkin trang im tuyt p bng bn mu khc nhau nng ngi v dkin th nht ln khng trung trn mt cun la m ra. Nhng vo lc ngi nhn thy Dodrupchen t bu tri i xung, bo cc dkin a ngi tr li, bi by gi khng phi l lc ngi ra i, v th h a ngi tr v. Sau ch Pht tan bin vo ngi, v ngi thc dy khi gic ng. Ngay c khi ngi thc gic vo ban ngy, ngi vn c nhng kinh nghim khc nhau. Chng hn nh ngi nhn thy mi hnh tng bin thnh nhng Bn Tn ha bnh v phn n; h tan bin vo ngi; thn ngi n tung thnh mt hin tng xut hin nhng khng th nhn thc c; hay i khi mi s tr nn hon ton trng khng. Mt m, trong mt gic m, ngi c mt dkin dn ti mt ni tht l lng. Trong ngi ngi gia Jigme Lingpa v Dodrupchen. Ngi sung sng ti ni ngi khn cu cc ngi cho ngi li, nhng cc ngi ni: Khng, ng ch l mt ngi khch. By gi khng phi lc ng ti. Ch ng lng bi con ngi ca thi i tm ti, hy duy tr hai gii nguyn B tm ca ng. Hy lm trn y cuc i ca ng bng nhng hot ng ca bnh xe Php (Php lun). Khng c g ngn cch gia chng ta v ng. Nm 1820, ti Tu vin Dzogchen, ngi nhn nhiu qun nh t Dzogchen t. Ngi cng ban gio l cho Dzogchen Rinpoche v nhng ngi khc. Vo ngy mi by thng tm nm Kim T (1821), Do Khyentse, khi ang ving thm mt khu khc ca Dzachukha, bo vi cc mn ca ngi rng ngi nhn c mt tin tri ni rng ngi s la b thn xc vo ngy hai mi lm cng trong thng . Ch c mt ngi thuc v gia nh Hoa sen (Lin hoa b) v c gi l Pema, c th ngn cn iu . Do Khyentse ni rng ngi l Gyalwe Nyuku. Chng bao lu Gyalwe Nyuku nghe c nhng li , ngi i c m gp Do Khyentse ang khe mnh. Vi khong nm mi tu s, ngi bt u t chc mt bui l. Vo ngy hai mi bn, Do Khyentse thnh lnh ng bnh. Gyalwe Nyuku c hnh l Sndok ca Yumka Dechen Gyalmo sut m. Do Khyentse ang hp hi v mi ngi ku khc. Vi lng sng m mnh lit, thin nh su xa, v nhng li cu nguyn dng cm nht Gyalwe Nyuku lm ht kh nng ca ngi, v cui cng nhng du hiu ca vic qut sch cc chng ngi xut hin trong cc nghi l, v ngay lp tc Do Khyentse biu l nhng du hiu ca s hi sinh.

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Nm 1821 Gyalwe Nyuku tham d tang l ca Pnlop tam (1806-1821?) ti Dzogchen v ty tr nhng chng ngi cho cuc i ca Dzogchen Rinpoche t v ban cho v Thy ny cc gio l. Nm 1830, ngi di tr x ca ngi t Gyag Photrang ti Dzagyal Dnlung. Gyag Photrang l mt ni rt tt cho ngi, mt a im kit tng m ngi v cc t ca ngi t c nhng thnh tu v i, nhng hin nay, do mt s thay i kh hu, mt t tr nn m t v khng tt cho sc khe nu sng lu di. Nm 1833 Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye ti nhn thm gio l t ngi. Nm 1834 Gyalwe Nyuku ban nhng trao truyn Longchen Nyingthig cho Dodrupchen nh (1824-1863/64) v gia lc cho v Thy ny l vajracharya (Kim cng s) siu vit. Ngi kt thc t truyn ca ngi nm by mi t tui (1838). Nm by mi chn tui, vo ngy hai mi lm thng ging nm Thy Mo, ngi th tch. Trong mt linh kin, Dzogchen Rinpoche t nhn c di chc ca Gyalwe Nyuku.237 Di ct ca ngi c gi gn ti Tu vin Dzagya Dzachukha. Theo li khuyn ca Jigme Lingpa, Gyalwe Nyuku hin dng ton b phn cui i ngi cho vic ging dy bt k ai ti nghe ngi ni, ban nhng qun nh hay nhng gio hun thin nh cho tt c nhng ai sng m v chn thnh trong vic thin nh. Chng hn nh, Paltrl Rinpoche nhn nhng gio l v Ngndro Longchen Nyingthig hai mi lm ln t ngi. Paltrl ghi li nhng li dy ca Gyalwe Nyuku v Ngndro trong tc phm Knzang La-me Zhalung238 (Li Vng ca Thy ti). Tlku (ti sinh) ca ngi l Knzang Dechen Dorje, ngi c Dzogchen Rinpoche t xc nhn.

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DOLA JIGME KALZANG

TH K MI CHN DOLA Jigme Kalzang239 l mt thin gi, hc gi, v B Tt v i. Ngi truyn b truyn thng Longchen Nyingthig ti Kham v Amdo. Ngi cng c gi l Chkyi Lodr v Zhnu Yeshe Dorje. C mt ln, trong mt hang ng gn Sng Ma (Hong H), ngi bt u mt kha nhp tht ba nm ni hon ton ho lnh chun b thc hnh sdhana Vajrakla. Ngay m u tin ca kha nhp tht, mt khch hnh hng tr n ca hang ca Jigme Kalzang. S dng mt ci trng tay v mt ci chung, khch hnh hng ht tng Khandr Kegyang, mt nghi l Ch. Trong hang ng, Jigme Kalzang nghe bi ht v cm ng bi ngha su xa v kt cu tuyt p ca n n ni ngi khng th cng li c vic ra ngoi n tht vo bui sng gp ngi khch hnh hng. Ngi hi ai l ngi sng tc nghi l Ch v bit c rng Jigme Lingpa khm ph nghi l nh mt terma nhng Jigme Lingpa mt. Jigme Kalzang hi c t chnh yu no ca Jigme Lingpa cn sng khng. Khch hnh hng tr li rng t ln nht ca Jigme Lingpa l Dodrupchen Rinpoche hin sng v ging dy ti Golok. Bi Dodrupchen l tn ca v Thy nh mnh ca ngi nn va nghe n tn Dodrupchen, Jigme Thrinle zer, Jigme Kalzang pht khi lng sng m bt bin v lp tc ra i gp Thy. T Dodrupchen ngi nhn nhng gio l ni chung v c bit l nhng trao truyn Longchen Nyingthig. Ngi tr thnh mt trong nhng v h tr dng truyn tha chnh yu ca Longchen Nyingthig. Jigme Kalzang xc nhn Paltrl Rinpoche l tlku ca Palge Lama ca Tu vin Dzogchen, v sau ny Dodrupchen nht ph chun iu . Trong nhng nm cui i ca Dodrupchen, ngi ban nhng trao truyn qun nh v gio hun, v Jigme Kalzang ban s tr tng Kinh in (Lung) nhn danh Dodrupchen. Ngoi ra, khi Dodrupchen khng ri n tht, Jigme Kalzang l Lt ma thay mt

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Dodrupchen i truyn b Longchen Nyingthig v nhiu s trao truyn Nyingma khc ca dng Dodrupchen Dege v Amdo. Jigme Kalzang truyn cc tantra (Mt in) Nyingma v gio l Nyingthig cho nhiu Lt ma quan trng ca cc tu vin Kathok, Dzogchen, v Zhechen, v trong phn cui i ngi, ngi truyn b gio l Amdo v trong nhng ngi Mng C min Thanh H. Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku vit rng nm 1815/16, c Lt ma Jigme Kalzang, nhip chnh ti thng ca c Dodrupchen cha v o s ca vic nghin cu v thnh tu, ti Dzachukha phng s Php. Ti mi ngi ti n tht ca ti v nhn nhng qun nh.240 Mt ln na, ngi vit rng nm 1820, vi nhiu vt cng dng ti i n Jigme Kalzang, o s ca s nghin cu v thnh tu, bi ngi n [Dzachukha] trong chuyn ving thm Trung quc ca ngi.241 Vo lc cui i, khi ngi ang i b mt mnh trn mt con ng trong mt th trn Trung quc, ngi nhn thy mt tn cp sp b t hnh bng cch thiu sng trn mt con nga bng ng c t nng bng la bn trong. Tn cp go tht cu cu. Cm thy v cng bi mn, Dola Jigme Kalzang bo nhng ngi cm quyn rng t nhn khng c ti v chnh ngi mi thc s l tn cp. Khi cc t tm thy ngi th qu mun. Ngi b t hnh thay cho tn cp. Nh th ngi chm dt cuc i mnh khi ph din thc hnh ch thc ca mt B Tt bng cch hin tng i mnh chuc ly cuc i ca mt ngi v danh au kh trong mt con ph xa l. Trong s nhng ha thn ca ngi c Yukhok Chatralwa Chying Rangtrl trong Thung lng Ser v Kalzang Dorje ca Tu vin Sanglung trong Thung lng Dzika.

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DZOGCHEN MINGYUR NAMKHE DORJE T (1793 - ?)

Dzogchen Rinpoche t Mingyur Namkhe Dorje242 (Jigme Khyentse Wangchuk) l mt trong nhng bc lo thng phi thng v k d, bc s hu s thu th v khng c s phn bit gia ci tt v ci xu. Ngi sinh nm 1793 trong Thung lng Dan. Thn ph ngi l Snam Rapten, mt th lnh x Rakho, v thn mu l Namkhadzin Wangmo. Trong nhng cu k tin tri Jigme Lingpa xc nh ni Dzogchen Rinpoche t s c tm ra, v chnh Dzogchen Rinpoche tam cng ch ra ni ngi s sinh ra. T thi th u, trong khi nh mt ci trng ngi c thn ch Guru Rinpoche v lp li t Dzogchen. Nm ln by tui, ngi biu l nhng hi c v i qu kh ca ngi trc nhiu i Lt ma, v gia nim hn hoan to ln ngi c cc tu s ca Tu vin Dzogchen v Cung in Dege trang trng a v v tn phong ti Tu vin Dzogchen. Namkha Tsewang Choktrup Tu vin Gyarong c hnh l th pht (ct tc) v ban cho ngi Php danh Jigme Khyentse Wangchuk. Ngi nhn nhiu s trao truyn t Nyima Trakpa Mingyur Phende tam. c bit l ngi nhn nhng trao truyn Khandro Nyingthig, Sangwa Nyingthig, v Dorsem Nyingthig t Namkha Tsewang Choktrup, v ngi thnh tu nhng tu tp khc nhau. T nm mi hai tui, trong by nm, mi nm ngi nhp tht nghim nht t nht su thng. Ngi nhn nhng gio l v trao truyn t Namkha Tsewang Choktrup, Dodrupchen nht, Chey Rigdzin Chenmo, Zhechen Rabjam tam, Zhechen Gyaltsap nht, Khenchen Rigdzin Zangpo, Gyalwe Nyuku, Jigme Ngotsar, v Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye. Nm hai mi tui, Dzogchen Rinpoche ti gp Dodrupchen mt ln na ti Yarlung Pemak. Vi Do Khyentse, Dzogchen Pnlop, v khong su mi ngi

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khc, ngi nhn nhiu s trao truyn, trong c Nyinthig Yabzhi, Gy Chudun, Damch Dechen Lamchok, v Nyen-gy Dorje Zampa. Mt hm Dodrupchen ban mt tch s ngi y bia chang cho Dzogchen Rinpoche. L mt tu s, trc ngi khng bao gi nm ru, nhng ngi ung tch bia bi l mt gia h ca Lt ma. Nh ung n, s chng ng ca Dodrupchen c di chuyn sang Dzogchen Rinpoche mt cch t nhin, v ngi t c trng thi Chnyi Zepa, s tan ha nhng tri gic v cc hin tng tng i thnh bn tnh tuyt i. V sau Dzogchen Rinpoche tr thnh mt bc lo thng ni ting nht, bc thu sut mi s v khng c s phn bit. Ngi khng trng ch iu tt hay s hi iu xu. C mt cu tc ng ni rng: nh hng bi ru ca nhng ngi khc qua i, nhng nh hng do ru ca Dodrupchen th khng bao gi mt. Vo lc bt u, nhng ngi nm gi trng trch ca Tu vin Dzogchen kh chu vi Dodrupchen trong vic bin i Dzogchen Rinpoche thnh mt ngi mt mi thin xo v ngoi giao v hnh chnh, l nhng iu c coi l cc phm tnh quan trng cho vic lnh o mt i tu vin vi nhiu nhnh ph. Nhng v sau ny, khi nhn ra tnh cht v i ca tr tu v nng lc tm linh ca Dzogchen Rinpoche, tt c cc ngi tr nn ht sc bit n. Nm hai mi hai tui, ngi i hnh hng ti min Trung Ty Tng. Ngi gp c t Lai Lt Ma th chn, l anh em h vi ngi. Ngi i ti tt c nhng thnh a quan trng, thc hin nhng l cng dng v thin nh. Ngi nhn nhng gio l v trao truyn t Longchen Rlpatsal, Terchen Dawe zer, Khardo Chkyi Dorje, Chakla Thukse ca tu vin Dorje Trak, Trichen Pema Wangyal ca tu vin Mindroling, v Chakzam Choktul. Ngi c Nhip chnh Temo Lobzang Thupten Gyaltsen ban gii c tc. Ngi lun lun ban gio l v nhng trao truyn cho bt k ai ti khn cu ngi. i khi ngi ging nhng bn vn kh hiu nht tht r rng chi tit. Nhng vo nhng lc khc ngi ging ngay c nhng bn vn d hiu theo cch khng dnh dng g ti tht ngha. i khi trong cc bui l, sau khi ngi bt u nh trng tay, ngi no phi nm tay ngi v ly ci trng tay i, nu khng ngi s khng ngng li, bi ngi vt ln s phn bit tm thng. Mt hm ngi c mi ti mt bui l ln trong mt thung lng khc. Ngi ang ngi trn mt ngai ta cao, v nhng loi thc phm tuyt ho c dn ra. Thnh lnh ngi ni: Ta khng n. Th gi ca ngi van ni v ni: Xin ngi dng mn g , nu khng hi chng ca chng ta khng vui. Sau ba n, ngi ni: By gi ta sp cht. Mi ngi kinh hong v hi: Ti sao? Ngi ni: Thc n b tm thuc c, ta khng n, nhng ng yu cu ta n. By gi ta sp cht. Mi ngi khn cu ngi lm vic g trnh iu ny, bi ngi c nng lc. Khi ngi ni: Ta s trc n ra nh? Mi ngi van xin: Vng, xin ngi! Ri ngay trn ngai ta ngi trc thc phm ra, v ngi qua khi m thm ch khng b bnh. C ba nm mt ln trong nhiu nm, ngi i ti Cung in Dege ging dy v ch ta mt bui l quan trng. Sau nm nm mi tui (1842), khi ri tu vin i Dege, ngi b trt chn ngng ca v ngi tht ra mt thnh ng a phng in hnh biu l s cu gin: Cu mong ta khng bao gi t chn ln mi na. V sau ngi ni thm: , phi, d sao chng na ta s khng cn phi lm nh vy! Ri ti Dege, m trc ngy bt u bui l ko di by ngy, ngi

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vn ni trong gic ng, nhng mi ngi ch nghe c mt cu: Gnla [ngi c hnh l H Php] bay i. Qua ngy hm sau ngi ni: Ta phi tr v. S hin din ca ta c li cho Dege v Tu vin Dzogchen cn ta. Ngi khng ni g thm, v th gi ca ngi khn cu ngi li; bi y l mt bui l quan trng i vi Cung in Dege v vng quc. Sau t ngy h c tin l Tu vin Dzogchen hu nh hon ton b tiu hy bi mt trn ng t trong c nhiu ngi cht. Gnla, ngi m ngi ni n, b nm mt qung xa v sng st vi mt ci chn gy. Sau vi s tr gip rng ri ca Dege v nhng nh bo tr khc, v c bit l di s hng dn ca Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye v nhng Lt ma khc, ngi xy dng li tu vin, lm cho n cn rng ln hn trc. K di s hng dn ca Dzogchen Rinpoche v s gim st ca Zhenphen Thaye, Shrsimha, mt tu hc vin Kinh in, c thit lp. Sau ny n tr thnh t chc kiu mu cho vic nghin cu v tu tp trong phi Nyingma. Khi Gnpo Namgyal (?-1865), th lnh c c ca Nyak-rong, chim gi Tu vin Dzogchen, Ponlop ch th Dzogchen Rinpoche ni rng v th lnh v i bit bao, Tu vin Dzogchen ngho kh nh th no, v v.v.. Khi v th lnh ti gp Dzogchen Rinpoche, ngi lp li mi iu nh ngi c truyn t. Sau ngi ni thm: l nhng g ngi Pnlop ch th cho ti ni vi ng, v sau ngi ni cho ng ta nhng chi tit tht s ca Tu vin Dzogchen. V th lnh hi: Ti s ti sinh u? Ngi ni: Trong a ngc. Thay v b xc phm hay sung cng ti sn ca tu vin, v th lnh ra i vi mt vt cng dng l thi bc cho Dzogchen Rinpoche vi li khn cu: Xin chm sc ti khi ti cht. Tuy nhin, khi khng ng lc tit l cc s vic, ngi c th che du chng. Mt bui sng ngi ni: m qua c ngi ly trm chp vng ca ngn phn trong snh ng. Mi ngi x i kim tra v thy ng l nh vy. H khn cu ngi cho bit ai lm iu . Ngi ni: Ta bit hn. Trong khi tn trm leo xung vi ci chp vng, anh ta gn nh ng xung, v cu nguyn ta: i Mingyur Namkhye Dorje. Ta cu anh ta. Tuy nhin ta khng ni cho cc ng, bi nu ta ni, cc ng s pht anh ta. Ti khng c ngun thng tin no v thi gian ngi mt v mt ra sao.

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DO KHYENTSE YESHE DORJE 1800 1866

DO KHYENTSE Yeshe Dorje243 l ha thn v tm ca Jigme Lingpa. Ngi biu l nng lc tm gic ng ca ngi trong hnh thc thn diu phi thng, v v mt ny ngi l o s v i nht ca truyn thng Pht gio Mt tha Ty Tng trong nhiu th k qua. M ngi mang thai ngi vi mt ngi cha khng sng trong ci ngi. Ngi sinh ra vi nhng du hiu k diu. Ngay t thi th u, ngi bt u ni v biu l nng lc, nhn nhng gia h v gio l t ch Pht v cc o s trong nhng linh kin thanh tnh, khm ph nhiu vt v gio l n du nh terma, nh thc s chng ng trong nhiu t, truyn b Gio Php b truyn khng h mt mi, v dn dt nhiu chng sinh trong ci ngi v phi-nhn n vi Gio Php. Ngi c bo v v trng nom bi s hin din ca cc phi-nhn, thn ngi bin mt trong nhiu ngy ving thm cc ci Tnh , tm ngi du hnh ti cc ci Tnh , lm hi sinh nhiu ngi cht hay b git, v li nhng du vt ca thn ngi trn nhiu tng nh th trn bn. Do (mDo) Khyentse cng c gi l Yeshe Dorje, Rigdzin Jal Dorje, v Trakthung Lekyi Pawo. Ngi c sinh ra trong (v thuc v) mt b tc Golok, nhng ngi sng hu ht phn cui cuc i gn Tartsedo (Dar rTse mDo, ngy nay gi l Kanding), v th ngi c gi l Khyentse x Do (mDo). Khyentse c ngha l Bc c Tr tu v lng Bi mn, l mt trong nhng danh hiu ca Jigme Lingpa, ha thn trc y ca Do Khyentse. Trong mt chuyn du hnh, khi cha m ngi Lhasa, ti lng m Machik Pallha, hai ngi n b dn m ngi i qua mt bc tng m b nhn thc nh mt ci ca, v b i vo mt cung in lng ly v tuyt p. Sau khi kinh nghim mt s thn mt vi mt ngi tr trung qu phi cung in, b c hai ngi n

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b a tr ra v thy mnh cng lng m . Chng b v nhng ngi khc tm kim b trong ba ngy. Ngi thanh nin tn l Nyenchen Thanglha (s hin din thing ling ti rng ni Thanglha ca Ty Tng), mt trong nhng v bo h t ai quan trng nht ca Ty Tng. Chng my chc, m ca Do Khyentse tr thnh mt ngi trung gian, v tt c nhng ngi trong gia nh khng ngng chng kin nhng hin tng nh sng, linh kin, ting ni, v cc thng ip. Cha m v bn hu ca Do Khyentse vui thch nhng hong s v bi ri. H trng ch s gia h ca mt ha thn Pht v s b m chng bi mt th lc qu ma c hi. Do Khyentse ra i vo ngy mi lm thng mi nm Kim Thn thuc Rabjung th mi ba (1800) ti Kongser Khado trong Thung lng Ma, mt cnh ng rng ln v p l ni Sng Machu (Sng Hwang hay Hong H) chy qua. Cha nui ca ngi l Snam Phen ca nhm b tc Chkor thuc b tc Golok Akyong, v m ngi l Tsewang Men thuc b tc Dawa. Ngay sau khi ngi sinh ra vo bui sng mt ngy trng trn, Do Khyentse ngi trong t th thin nh v chm tay vo nhng tia nng mt tri i vo lu, ngi ht nhng mu t ch Phn. Ba ngy sau khi sinh, ngi bin mt khi lng m, nhng vo ngy th ba ngi xut hin tr li ngi trn u gi m. Trong thi gian , nh ngi vit sau ny, mt ngi n b c mu mang ngi ti mt ci tnh . Trong mt cung in nh pha l, nhiu Lt ma v dkin ty tnh cho ngi bng nc tinh khit ly t mt ci bnh pha l. H ban cho ngi nhng gia h v li tin tri. Sau , ngi lun lun nhn thy quanh ngi nhng tia sng v nhng vng nh sng vi hnh nh ca ch Pht trong . Ngi lun lun c cm tng rng c hai a tr cng n a vi ngi. Mt hm, nh bn tay tr gip ca nhng a tr v hnh, ngi ng dy nhn ln bu tri v nhn thy Zangdok Palri, ci tnh ca Guru Rinpoche. Trong ci tnh Guru Rinpoche v tp hi cc Tr minh vng v dkin ang th dng mt l cng dng tic (Tshogs). Nhn thy cnh tng ny, tm ngi trn y lng sng m v mt ngi m l. Vo lc m ngi nhn thy ngi v ku to: Em b ng! m thanh lm ngi thc dy khi kinh nghim v ng xung t. Sau ln ngi ging mt a tr bnh thng hn mt cht. Mi khi cha m du mc ca ngi i y ti nhng a im cm tri, ngi nhn thy hnh tng k l ca nhng chng sinh tin ngi i vi v bun ru v nhng ngi khc n cho ngi ti nhng a im mi ca h vi v ht sc vui mng v hoan h. Ngi lun lun c cc H Php bo v, h lau ra, cho ngi n v gia h cho ngi. Mt hm ngi nhn thy mt yog (hnh gi) Mt tha ni ng ta l Nyang Nyima zer (1124-1192) v bo ngi i tm Lt ma Snam Chden, l Sangye Lingpa (13401396) tr li th gii con ngi. Sau , ngi bt u yu cu cha m ngi a ti Lt ma Snam Chden, ni rng nu khng th ngi s cht, nhng khng ai bit v Lt ma . Dodrupchen nht ang ving thm mt ni gn , v thn ph ca Do Khyentse thut li nhng cu chuyn ca a con trai ca ng cho v Thy ny nghe v hi: Ngi c bit Lt ma Snam Chden l ai khng? Dodrupchen nhn chm ch ln bu tri mt lt ri chp tay ni tim trong c ch sng m, ngi ni:

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C, ta bit ngi rt r. Ngi l mt Php l (bn o) ca ta. D th no chng na, ta s ti thm con trai ng. Khi ti ni, Dodrupchen hi a tr: Con bit ta khng? Do Khyentse, ch mi hn mt tui, cu ni: Bit, ngi l Snam Chden. Con bit ngi. Ngi ri b con? Dodrupchen b a b ln v mt m l, ngi ni: ng, con ni ng. Ta c th hiu c v sao con li cm nhn theo cch . Nhng trc y ta khng tm ra con. By gi ta s chm sc con. Sau ny Do Khyentse vit rng ngi nhn thy Dodrupchen trong thn tng ca c Guru Rinpoche. Dodrupchen tng nhng li cu nguyn cn thit v gia h cho a tr, v ni vi cha m cu b: Snam Chden l tn ca ta, nhng ngoi tr mt Lt ma, khng ai bit tn . By gi tt c qu v nn n ch ca ta; nu khng con trai qu v c th khng sng c. Theo tiu s ca Jigme Lingpa,244 vo lc Dodrupchen t tr x ca Jigme Lingpa ra i, Dodrupchen khn cu Jigme Lingpa ti sinh trong x ca Dodrupchen h c th t hi vi nhau. V th l mt bt buc m Dodrupchen phi hon thnh; v li, Do Khyentse l ti sinh ca v Thy ca Dodrupchen. V th cha m ca Do Khyentse, i ngc li vi nhng l l ca thn quyn v thn, mang ngi ti Shukchen Tago Gompa ca Dodrupchen. Do Khyentse c nhn thy Dodrupchen trong nhng hnh tng khc nhau gia nhng loi hin th v nhng iu huyn nhim, v ch sau ny ngi mi nhn ra rng y khng phi l nhng tri gic bnh thng. V sau, Do Khyentse, ch ngi, v cha m ngi i theo Dodrupchen khi v Thy ny du hnh ti Tu vin Dzogchen v Cung in Dege. Ch ngi, Dkin Losal Dlma (1802-1861), l c Tr trong thn tng con ngi, mt o s v i v mt bc lo thng. T thi th u cho ti khi cht, b hin dng i mnh cho Do Khyentse nh t, bng hu v ngi dn dt thn thit ca ngi. Trong khi ngi ang gn Tu vin Dzogchen, mt ngi bn ni vi ngi: l con ng i ti Lhasa. Cu ni nh thc trong ngi mt cm xc v cng bun b, v sau nhng hi c v Tsering Jong v Chimphu le ln trong tm ngi. Vo ban m, ngi m thy v bo tr ca Samye Chimphu, mt ngi n ng mc y phc trng ci mt con nga trng, ng ta khn cu ngi tr v n tht ca ngi cng vi v, con trai v cc t ca ngi min Trung Ty Tng. T Dodrupchen, cng vi Zhechen Rabjam tam, Kathok Situ nht, v khong mt trm ngi, ngi nhn nhng trao truyn vn bn v cc qun nh Nyingthig Yabzhi, Dzdn, Longchen Nyingthig, v nhng tc phm ca Jigme Lingpa. Mc d Dodrupchen xc nhn ngi l ha thn ca Jigme Lingpa nhng iu ny c gi b mt, bi phi c s ph chun chnh thc ca min Trung Ty Tng, t tr x v gia nh ca Jigme Lingpa th mi ng cch. Sau tin tc v vic Sakya Kongma Wangdd Nyingpo v cc tlku Drikung ph chun xc nhn Do Khyentse l tlku (ti sinh) ca Jigme Lingpa n vi nhng ngi a ngi ti Drikung. Sakya Kongma l mt t ca Jigme Lingpa, v hai v lnh o ca Drikung l cc con trai ca Jigme Lingpa v Kongnyn, t chnh yu ca ngi. Sau , trc s hin din ca Dodrupchen, nhip chnh hong hu, v thi t x Dege, vi nhng ngi i din ca cc tu vin

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Kathok, Dzogchen, Zhechen, v Drikung, Do Khyentse vt qua nhng kim tra chnh thc nh nhn ra c cc php kh thuc v Jigme Lingpa. Mi ngi trn ngp nim vui v lng knh ngng. Sau Lhalung Khuk Dege, mt l tn phong trang nghim c c hnh di s bo tr ca Cung in Dege v cc tu vin. Cung in Dege thc hin mi chun b cn thit cho chuyn du hnh di ti min Trung Ty Tng ca ngi. Vo lc khi hnh, Do Khyentse bun v phi ri Dodrupchen n ni tri tim ngi nh th b ch ra, v hai bn tay nh b ca ngi c nu cht ly Dodrupchen. Jigme Changchup, mt ngi chu ca Dodrupchen, phi dng sc mnh g ngi ra. Do Khyentse, cha m v ch ngi ti ni cng vi mt tic lin hoan ln ti Yang-ri Gar Drikung sau mt chuyn du hnh ko di nhiu thng. Ngi c n tip bi hai v lnh o ca dng Drikung l Zhaptrung Tendzin Pema Gyaltsen (1770-1826), nam t ca Kong-nyn, v Gyalse Nyinche zer (hay Chkyi Gyaltsen, 1793-?), nam t ca Jigme Lingpa. ngi c tn phong trong mt bui l trang trng. Sau ngi lp Photrang Dzongsar Drikung lm tr x chnh ca ngi. T Tsering Jong, Gyalyum Drolkar v zer Thaye, v phi ngu v chu ca Jigme Lingpa, n thm ngi. Sau mt thi gian, cha m v ch ngi i Golok. Trong khi ngi tp c, ngi c th nh c mt trang mi ngy, l iu tt p. Nhng ngi c th lp li tt c nhng gio l khu truyn do mt hc gi ban cho, iu ny tht him c. V hc gi ni: Do Khyentse s tr thnh mt ngi uyn bc v ngha hn l trong ngn t. Trc ht, Changchup, mt ngi chu ca Dodrupchen, lu li lm Thy tr gio ca ngi v sau Dodrupchen gi Nyima Gyaltsen ti gip Changchup. Ngi nhn nhiu truyn dy t Zhaptrung, Gyalse, v Gyaltsap ca tu vin Tsurphu v kinh nghim nhiu linh kin. Nm 1810, khi gh qua Samye, Chimphu, Densathil, Zang-ri Kharmar, v Yarlung, ngi ving thm Tsering Jong, v ngi tr v Drikung Dzongsar qua Palri, Sheltrak, v Yama Lung. Ngi vit: Trong ng Sheltrak, t tri tim ca pho tng Trng Ging Ta ca Guru Rinpoche, mt tia sng xut hin v chm vo tri tim ti. Ti cm thy kinh nghim ko di mt lt trong gic tnh ni ti thun tnh nguyn s, vt khi nhng biu l. Nhng vo lc y ti khng thc c thc s iu l g. Ti Yamalung ngi nhn thy Longchen Rlpatsal, mt trong nhng t chnh ca Jigme Lingpa v nhn qun nh trng th. Nm 1811, cha ca Do Khyentse v nhng ngi khc t Golok tr v vi mt l th ca Dodrupchen yu cu Do Khyentse ving thm ngi. Do Khyentse i Lhasa v c chnh ph cho php tr li Kham. Ngi c ban tng m v qun o ca mt khenpo v c Temo Thupten Jigme (mt nm 1819), tn nhip chnh ca Ty Tng, xc nhn. Nm 1812, ngi c sum hp vi m v ch ngi trn ng i ti Yarlung Pemak, sau ngi quay tr v. Nm 1813, cng vi Dzogchen Rinpoche t, Pnlop tam, v khong su mi t, ngi nhn Nyingthig Yabzhi, Gy Chudn, Damch Dechen Lamchok, v nhiu trao truyn khc t Dodrupchen. Cng vi Shichen Lama Ogyen Norbu, Repa Tamtsik Dorje, v nhng ngi khc, ngi nhn Gewa Sumkyi Donkhri, Machik Nyen-gy, v nhng gio l khc. Cng vi Changlung Palchen Namkha

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Jigme (cn c gi l Trupwang) ca tu vin Rekong, ngi nhn Mnpe Naljor Yangti Nagpo Serkyi Druchik, Dzogchen Ati Zabdn, v nhng trao truyn khc t Dodrupchen. Nm 1814, ngi ving thm Cung in Dege v ban qun nh Longchen Nyingthig. Ti Dzachukha ngi gp Gyalwe Nyuku v Gilung Lama Jigme Ngotsar, c hai u l nhng t chnh ca Jigme Lingpa. Trn ng tr v Yarlung, ngi nhn gio l v Ynten Dz, Takp Thargyen, v Yeshe Lama t Dodrupchen. Nm 1815, khi mi su tui, ngi c Dodrupchen gi ti min Trung Ty Tng cng vi khong mt trm ngi cng dng cho cc Lt ma v tu vin. Khi ch th cho ngi tr v trong mt nm, Dodrupchen ban cho ngi nm mc tiu chnh cn hon thnh trong cuc hnh trnh ny: (1) Nhn cc qun nh Hayagrva v Trng Th t Ra-nyak Gyalse, (2) thc hin mt trm ngn cng dng mn la ti Samye, (3) thc hin nhp tht by ngy ti Chimphu v li cu nguyn ca Guru Rinpoche, (4) tit tr nhng chng ngi khuy ng ti Kordz Ling Samye bng mi gi, v (5) thip lp mt mi lin h tm linh vi thnh a Chakpori. Trn ng i, Do Khyentse ti gp Ra-nyak Gyalse, bc ang ph din hnh vi ngng cung. Khi Do Khyentse l mt sa di v thot tin khng th nhn thc su sc nhng g ngi nhn thy, nhng bi Thy ca ngi ch th l phi ti gp Ra-nyak Gyalse, Do Khyentse khn cu v Thy ny ban qun nh Hayagrva. Thay vo , Gyalse cha mt khu sng vo tim ngi v bn. Vin n khng lm ngi b thng nhng bin thnh mt hnh nh Hayagrva. Khi Do Khyentse khn cu mt qun nh Trng Th, ngi c ban cho mt t tro t tu thuc ca Gyalse trn vi nc bt trong mt ci tch, chng lp tc bin thnh cam l thanh tnh. Trn ng ti Lhasa, mt hm Do Khyentse dn Riktsal v dzer ti mt tri du c kht ting min Gegye mua tht. Mt con ch trng v mt con ch en thot ra v tn cng cc ngi, v Do Khyentse cht chng ra lm hai bng li kim ca ngi. Khi nhng ngi du c ti phn i cc ngi v git ch ca h, Do Khyentse rp thn trn ca con ch trng vi thn di ca con ch en, v thn trn ca con ch en vi thn di ca con ch trng, v hai con vt ng dy ri b chy. Nhng ngi du c ht sc kinh ngc, h lp tc xin li v ha s lun lun thc hin nhng hnh vi ng n. Sau ny khi nhng con ch cht, tng nh s kin huyn diu ny, ngi ta lu gi da ca chng ti mt tu vin tn l Gegye Dzogchen. Ti Drikung, Do Khyentse sung sng c t hi vi Zhaptrung v Gyalse v nhn cc qun nh t cc ngi. Ti Lhasa, Nhip chnh Temo rt hu ch, v Do Khyentse nhn nhng trao truyn t Longchen Rlpatsal mt ln na. Ngi i hnh hng ti nhiu thnh a v thc hin nhng l cng dng. Ti Samye, trc tng Jowo, ngi tch tp mt trm ngn l cng dng mn la ct. Parkhang Yuzhal Barwa trong cha chnh ti Samye, ngi nht tm cu nguyn trong kha nhp tht mt tun l. Mt m, mt yog trng khng khip thnh lnh ti nhy ma v ban cho ngi cc tin tri. Mt ti khc, mt ngi n b a ngi ln lu v ngi nhn thy bn hnh nh Vairochana ngi u lng li nhau. H cng ni:

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Bi s ph din huyn nhim ca s hiu bit v khng hiu bit [thc ti], Sinh t v Nit bn c phn chia ring r. T nhng m lm do cc nim tng ln xn to ra Ci gi l th gii ca su ci c thit lp. Trong s hin l thanh tnh ca bn thn Pht, Khng c g ngoi nhng ci tnh ca ba Pht thn.. Bn hnh nh ban cho ngi cc gio l, qun nh, v tin tri. Ngi tr li ging vi s i lc trong thn v s chng ng phi thng trong tm thc. Ti ng Tragmar Keutsang ngi thc hin mt trm cng dng tsog trc tng Trng Ging Ta ca Guru Rinpoche. Sau khi c nhng linh kin trong gic m, ngi thc dy v nhn thy hnh nh ca Guru Rinpoche trong thn nh sng pht ra nhng tia sng chi li trn ngp ton th in th. Nhng tia sng trng, , v xanh dng chm vo ngi. Ngi nghe m thanh ca nhiu ging ht tng Li Cu nguyn By Dng trong nhng qung m cao, v nhng ngi ang ng gn ngh rng Do Khyentse ang ht tng vo lc na m. Sau ngi di chuyn ti ng Sangphuk h Chimphu. Ngi kinh nghim mnh lit v s v thng ca cuc i, v khng tm c gii php no khc, ngi tp trung cu nguyn Guru Rinpoche vi lng sng m nht tm. Mt m, ba dkin khng khip xut hin v ni: Trong th gii loi ngi, ngi b nhim bi t cung con ngi. Bi bm chp vo bn ng ca nhng hnh tng ho huyn, s v minh ca vic bm chp v b bm chp hin l. Khng c cch no khc ngoi vic phi tch la ngi khi thn th xu xa ca ngi. H ct thn ngi thnh nhiu mnh v n ht, k c tm thc ca ngi; v th ngi ri vo s v thc. Khi ngi nhn thc tr li, ngi nhn thy nhng phi ngu Vajrasattva trc mt ngi. Nh nh sng pht ra t cc v phi ngu Vajrasattva chm vo ngi, ngi cm thy mnh c mt thn nh sng. Cc Lt ma v dkin ban cho ngi nhng gia h v tin tri v vic ngi s khm ph terma tm. K ngi tri qua by m ti Kordz Ling, cha H Php ti Samye, thc hnh php ch tit tr tn gc s xao ng ca nhng cm xc v nim tiu cc. Ngy hm sau, v vn linh ca Samye, trong khi c H Php nhp vo, ti v nht ngi trong hm cha. hon ton ti tm. Ngi thc hin mt thc hnh ch v thin nh tt nht trong kh nng ca ngi. Ngi nhn thy nhng hnh tng khc nhau v nghe nhng m thanh e da v gi tn ngi, v iu tht khng khip. Ngi ngh: y l iu Php vng Dodrupchen ch th cho ta lm. V th lm thc hnh ny, cho d phi mt mng, ta cng chng s hi hay hi tic. Nu ta khng s cht th cho d ton th th gii xut hin nh k th ca ta, iu khng lm phin ta cht no. Sau mi khuy ng (Slong Tshad) c lm an du. Chng bao lu, v vn linh - c H Php nhp vo - m ca, a ngi ra ngoi, v t lng tn knh ngi. Ti Tsering Jong, ngi thc hin nhng l cng dng trc di ct ca Jigme Lingpa. Ngi mun li mt lt, nhng vic khng thc hin c. Sau ti Tu vin Palri, t Tlku Tsogyal, ngi nhn cc trao truyn Trlthik v nhng gio l khc. Sau khi ving thm cc tu vin Mindroling v Dorje Trak, ngi ti Chagzam Chuwo Ri v cng dng tsok trong hang ng linh thing. Trong mt gic m ngi

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nhn thy Thangtong Gyalpo, nhn nhng gia h khin ngi trn ngp nhng kinh nghim i lc, s quang minh v tnh Khng. , Do Khyentse khm ph mt hnh nh Guru Rinpoche Kutsap nh mt terma, v v bo tr terma yu cu ngi khng cho mi ngi thy n cho ti khi ngi gp Dodrupchen. Ngi cng dng cho l cu nguyn Mnlam ti Lhasa. Nhip chnh Temo t ra ht sc tn knh v bit n ngi. Bi Dodrupchen gi v Do Khyentse rt cn phi nhn ton b gio l t v Thy ny, cc tlku Drikung rt bun khi phi ng Do Khyentse tr v Kham trong lc ny. Khi ngi v nhm ca ngi n min ty tnh Kham, mt s gi ca Dodrupchen n gp v ni rng xin n mau mau. nhng i din ca Drikung v Dege li vi nhm chnh, Do Khyentse v mi ngi phi nga tht nhanh, khng ngh, ngoi tr mt ngy ngh ngi ti n tht ca Gyalwe Nyuku Dzachukha. Sau vi ngy, vo ngy mng mi thng by nm Du Ha (1816), Do Khyentse c mt Yarlung Pemak trc s hin din ca Dodrupchen. Dodrupchen ni: Ta c nhiu gic m tin tri, v sc khe ca ta cng khng tt. Nhng mi chng ngi cho sinh mng ca ta b tiu dit trong mt thi gian nh nng lc ca Dpa Khamkyi Wangchugma, ngoi tr nhng linh kin ca ta b che chng. Ngi ni thm: Trong ma ng ng nn i ti Tu vin Kathok nhn mt vi gio l cn thit t Mahpandita (i thnh tu gi) Getse v t Tlku Zhingkyong na. Ta mun thy ng hon tt nhng nghin cu cn thit trc khi ta cht. Do Khyentse nhn thm nhng minh ging v gio hun v cc gio l tsalung v Guhyagarbha-tantra. Ti Kathok, Do Khyentse nhn nhiu qun nh, gio l v nhng tu tp t i Thnh tu gi Getse. Chng gm c nhng qun nh phc tp Dpa Do trong mi lm ngy v nhng trao truyn kama v terma khc. Getse ni: Nh c v Khyentse tin nhim [Jigme Lingpa] tin tri, Tu vin Kathok l mt v h tr gio l Longchen Nyingthig. V th trong tng lai ng nn phng s Gio php bng cch kt hp hai truyn thng [Kathok v Longchen Nyingthig] li vi nhau. Do Khyentse cng nhn gio l t cc tlku Zhingkyong v Moktsa ca Tu vin Kathok, v Namkha Tsewang Choktrup ca Tu vin Gyarong. Ngi nhn lung (truyn khu) Nyingma Gybum t Jigme Ngotsar ca Tu vin Kilung, mt t ca Jigme Lingpa. Trong s trao truyn , trong mt gic m ngi nhn nhng gio l v s giao ph Guhyagarbha-tantra t Vimalamitra, v trong mt thng ngi cm thy mnh nh li tt c nhng ch v ngha ca tantra. Nm 1818, khi ang Dzachukha, ngi c mt kinh nghim: mt ngi n b vi mt on ty tng ng o dn ngi ti mt cung in pha l, ngi nhn thy Guru Rinpoche hp nht vi v phi ngu. Do Khyentse nhn bn qun nh t cc phi ngu ca Guru Rinpoche, v sau h tan ha vo Do Khyentse. Trong mt lt, Do Khyentse m chm trong bn tnh ti thng thot khi nhng s din by. Khi ngi ri cung in pha l, ngi c gp nhng v bo tr x Ling, h cng ban cho ngi cc gia h. Sau , ci mt con nga trng, ngi tr v tr x ca ngi v tnh dy. Gyalwe Nyuku v Lobzang Norbu ang ch i vi s lo lng v ni: Ngi ri vo gic ng v khng thc dy trong ba ngy. Dzogchen Rinpoche ti cu nguyn v ni: Chng c g phi lo. Gyalwe ni xen vo: Mi linh kin

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m ngi c c, khi cha ti lc, xin ng thut li cho bt k ai, k c Dzogchen Rinpoche. Nu ngi khng gi b mt cc linh kin, c th c nhiu tr ngi. Nu ngi gi b mt, nhng thnh tu s n tht nhanh chng. Mc d Do Khyentse khng thut li iu g, Gyalwe Nyuku bit nhng linh kin l g nh s thu th ca ngi. Do Khyentse khm ph Gio kha v Pema Gyalpo nh mt terma. Do Khyentse sng thm mt thi gian cung in ca Tsewang Dorje Rigdzin, vua x Dege, m l ra khng cn thit phi nh th. L do l v cc th gi ca ngi thch hn ni n tu ca Dodrupchen, do bi s thnh vng, cao qu v nng lc . Mt hm Do Khyentse ch dn cho ch ca ngi v mt th gi: C mt b lo hnh kht trong thung lng kia; hy biu b y tsampa, tht, v bia chang ny dm ti. Khi h ti , b lo gin d nm tsampa i nhng thng thc tht v bia chang. Ch ngi nhn thy b lo trong thn nh sng v ngi thy mt mi hng ngt ngo t nc tiu ca b. Trong khi la mng ngi ch d di, b lo a cho ngi ch thc g ung v gi mt t dtsi (mt cht thuc c gia h) cho Do Khyentse vi thng ip: Con trai yu qu, ng x ny qu lu. y nhng nguyn nhn tt lnh tr nn u m. Hm sau, h tr li ni tm thy b lo ngy hm trc vi mt t thc phm na, nhng khng c cht vt tch g chng t l tng c ngi sng . Vua x Dege v cc th gi ca Do Khyentse tr nn bi ri, s rng Do Khyentse c th tr thnh mt n s hay yog cung ngng. Ngi ta khng ht sc tn knh s chng ng v nng lc ca ngi. H cho rng tr thnh mt Lt ma v i, ngi nn sng nh mt tu s gi gn gii lut nghim minh v mt hc gi uyn bc. Do Khyentse ni thng vi triu nh Dege rng ngi s khng l mt Lt ma quan trng, v th hoc l h phi ngi tr thnh mt n s hoc h b t ngi. Nh vua ni: Ngi Sakya Kongma min Trung Ty Tng v Dodrupchen Rinpoche Kham v nhiu v c uy quyn thing ling quan trng khc ca Ty Tng ng rng ngi l tlku ca Bc Ton tr Khyentse zer [Jigme Lingpa]. T thi ca ngi m qu c ca ti, ngi c xc nhn l thy gio ca triu nh Dege v Php bo ca truyn thng Nyingma. V th lm sao ngi c th ra i lm mt n s - v lm th no ti c th truy t ngi v vic c bit yu qu Gio Php? By gi bn thn ti v cc tu vin Dzogchen v Kathok s c i din ti xin kin ca ngi Dodrupchen. Chng ti khng th vi phm bt k mnh lnh no Lt ma ban cho chng ti, c ngi cng khng th. Do Khyentse ng . Ngi v i din ca cc tu vin Dege, Dzogchen, Kathok v Drikung i ti Yarlung trnh by cho Dodrupchen v trng hp ca h. Dodrupchen khng ni mt li no trong ba ngy. Sau ngi ni vi Do Khyentse: Mi ngi mun thy ng nh mt tu s h tr truyn thng tu vin. Nhng t nhng hot ng trong qu kh ca ng v nhng tin tri, ta c th ni rng iu s khng xy ra. Trong mt thi gian ng nn tr thnh mt n s v v sau l mt Vajradhara (Kim Cng Tr), mt o s ca gii lut b truyn Mt vi ngi cng mun ti bo ng li lm nhip chnh ca ti. iu s tr thnh mt chng ngi cho ng, v s i nghch li c mun ca ng Cui nm Thn [1821] ta cng s i ti ch ca ring ta [cht]. V th hy li y trong ma ng v ma xun nhn thm nhng minh gii v cc gio hun. Cui ma h ti, hy lm nhng g ng thch. [Ni cch khc, hy ra i trc khi ta cht.] Nu khng,

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[nu ng khng i trc khi ta cht,] mi ngi c th trch ng khng tun theo nhng c nguyn ca ta. Do Khyentse ch c th ni vng, bi ngi bng hong khi nghe ni chng bao lu na Dodrupchen s cht. Sau Dodrupchen truyn t quyt nh tng t cho nhng ngi i din. Ngay hm sau, vo ngy mng mi thng by nm Th Mo (1820), sau l cng dng tsok, Do Khyentse cng dng Dodrupchen mi vt s hu ngi mang theo ngi. Dodrupchen ban gia tr cho tc ca Do Khyentse, khin t tr i ngi c th tc di, v v Thy cng gia tr mt b y trng mi v ban n cho ngi, ni rng: Trong hai nm ri, hy mc b qun o ny; sau ng s khm ph mt iu mi l. Ngay lp tc, Do Khyentse t thay i thnh mt hnh gi bch y Mt tha. Sau , cng nhng ngi i din, Do Khyentse i ti Dege truyn t quyt nh cho nh vua. Vua ni: Khi ng Bo tr Dodrupchen ban mt lnh nh th, ti khng dm ni ngi iu g ngoi tr Xin lm tt c nhng g ngi mun. Do Khyentse gi mt na ca ci ngi s hu cho Drikung, v na kia ngi ph thc cho Dege. By gi cng vi hai bn ng hnh, Do Khyentse tr v tr x ca Dodrupchen nh mt nh tu kh hnh khim tn. Dodrupchen rt vui khi nhn thy ngi trong hnh tng ny, v v Thy ni: By gi ng l mt n s. Hy gi mt a v thp km khng c bt k tham mun quyn lc hay danh ting no. Hy mc nhng o chong v c k. Hy thc hnh nh cu ni: Hin tng mi li lc v vinh quang cho ngi khc. Nhn vo mnh mi thit thi v tht bi. Trong ngy Do Khyentse nhn t Dodrupchen nhng qun nh Khandro Yangtig v nhng gio l chi tit Yeshe Lama. Vo ban m, trong gic m chi ngi, ngi nhn lnh t Longchen Rabjam nhng gio hun chi tit v ngha ca Khandro Yangtig. Dodrupchen c v vui v khe mnh. i khi ngi bt thn ht nhng bi ca du gi. Ngi thng m t cc linh kin ca ngi. Do Khyentse v nhng ngi khc vn nhn thy thn ngi trong nhng hnh tng khc nhau, v i khi khng c thn m ch l b qun o ca ngi trn gh ngi. Gia nhng iu k diu bt tn ny, nu c ai nh li bt k vn no v cc gio l, ngi s tr li mt cch t nhin m khng cn c hi. Vo ngy mng mi thng su nm Kim Thn (1821), o s v t t bit nhau trong i ny vi ni au bun v hn. Trn o Garlung, Do Khyentse v Palge l ly Dodrupchen mt trm ln vi nhng li cu nguyn. Do Khyentse i tn thnh Repa Yongtrak v vi mt t ngi, ngi i ti Thugje Chenpo thuc Tnh Trokyap v sau ti nhiu ni Amdo, trong c Amchok, Latrang, v Tso Ngnpo v Rekong. Sau ngi cho tt c nhng ngi ng hnh vi ngi v nh ngoi tr Lhaksam Rapkar. Ti Rekong, ngi ti mt ngha a thc hnh trong ba m v biu l nhng du hiu thnh cng trong vic khuy ng nhng cm xc v nim v lm an du chng, nhng sau sc khe ca ngi sa st v bnh u ma. Dng nh ngi i vo mt trng thi v thc trong hn hai tun l. Trong thi gian , ngi nhn thy nhng cnh gii khc nhau trong th gii. Ngi kinh nghim thn th ngi b nhng Bn Tn phn n n nut tnh ha nhng bt tnh ca thn th vt l ca ngi. Trong ci tnh Zangdok Palri ngi tham d mt l cng dng tsok trong by ngy vi Guru Rinpoche v nhiu o s v i trong qu kh. Khi kt thc l

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tsok, Guru Rinpoche giao cho ngi by hp terma vi nhng trao truyn ph chc v tin tri. Guru Rinpoche ni: Con trai ca ta, sau khi chng ng tnh cht h huyn ca cc tri gic, S c cht li lc khi sng trong s c tch. Khi nhng sai lm ca hnh tng hin tng sp vo ni chn ca ring chng, V bn tnh c hu khng b p ch ca cc hin tng c nhn ra, ng ri vo s phn bit nhng hnh thc vi t ca vic bm chp v b bm chp V ng dnh mc vo nhng thin hnh b nhim, Xin mnh m h tr s thun tnh nguyn s bao la rng ln. Sau ngi tri nghim vic i gp Dodrupchen. Rt vui khi gp li ngi, Dodrupchen ni: Thng ging sang nm ta s ra i. Ta s nh ch con nhn li cho con li ch dy ca ta.. By gi nhng chng ngi ca i con b y lui. Do Khyentse nhn thy mt ch H trng ni tim Dodrupchen. Bng cch tp trung s tnh gic vo ni , tm ngi tan ha vo mt trng thi khng th din t. Sau , khi cm thy rng ngi ang chm vo thn ca chnh mnh, ngi tr v vi thc vt l. Bnh tt ca ngi bin mt, nhng ngi mt mt thng hon ton phc hi sc khe. Vo ngy mi ba thng ging nm Kim T (1821), Do Khyentse nhn thy Dodrupchen trn khng trung trong mt thn nh sng chi ngi k diu, c bao ph trong nh sng. Dodrupchen ang ngi trn mt ci chn ging nh gm thu c bn dkin nng , v ngi ban di chc bng mt ging ni quyn r. (Xin c nhng ging di chc trong chng 12.) Nhng tia sng nm mu pht ra t ch H trng ni tim Dodrupchen v tan ha vo Do Khyentse. Sau t ch H mt ch H th hai xut hin v tan vo tim Do Khyentse. Trong mt lt, Do Khyentse mt thc v tan ha vo kinh nghim v nhng con sng kim cng. Khi ngi phc hi thc, Lt ma bin mt. Trong ba ngy, ngi nguyn trong trng thi trong mi t tng th v t tan bin i v gic tnh ni ti tnh thc mt cch t nhin. Sau lc ngi cm thy au bun gh gm khi nhn ra l Dodrupchen th tch. Ngi gp Pema Rangtrl, Kyanglung Gnpo Gyal, v Chying Tobden Dorje, cc t ca Dodrupchen, v ban gio l cho h. Nhiu thng sau ch ngi v nhng ngi khc t Yarlung Pemak n vi tin tc v ci cht ca Dodrupchen, v ch ngi nhc li nhng li ch dy m Lt ma dn b ni li cho Do Khyentse. Ngi i ti Yarlung t lng tn knh di ct ca Dodrupchen, nhng t chi li lm nhip chnh ca Dodrupchen. Vo khong thi gian ny ngi thay i t b y trng ca hnh gi mt tha thnh y phc ca mt c s. Ngi ving thm Dege trong mt thi gian ngn, mi ngi b chong vng v kh x bi b ngoi mi l ca ngi. ngi gp Gyalwe Nyuku, v Thy ny yu cu ngi mc mt b y phc ca tertn (hay y Mt tha). Do Khyentse tr li: Con khng l mt tertn m cng chng phi l mt ngi tun gi cc gii nguyn tu s, v th iu thch hp cho con l y phc c s. Mc d iu ny, Dzogchen Rinpoche tn thn ngi, v Pnlop hin dng phn cn 158

li ca i mnh ko di th mng ca Do Khyentse. Do Khyentse lang thang trong x Golok khng ngi nh mt th sn v lm hi sinh nhiu ngi v th vt b git hay cht. Nm 1823, phi ngu ca ngi, l con gi ca Akyong Lhachen, h sinh mt b gi tn l Khaying Dlma gia nhng du hiu k diu. Khaying Dlma kt hn vi vua x Trokyap nm 1841 nhng mt nm 1855 m khng c con. Do Khyentse bt u ban nhng trao truyn v gio l Longchen Nyingthig cho ch ngi v nhng ngi khc. i khi ngi Dordzong (rDo rDzong) Golok. Sau ny ngi thit lp mt gompa ca truyn thng Longchen Nyingthig, n thuc v nhm b tc Muk-yang. K ngi ging dy nhiu ni Gyalmorong, Dzika, v Thung lng Ser. By gi ting tm l mt o s ca ngi bay n Dege, v do s ni n ca nh vua, ngi ving thm x Dege mt ln na trong mt thi gian ngn. Nhng Do Khyentse t chi li lm thy gio bi ngi b nghi ng trong thi gian qua, khi ngi xut hin nh mt c s, v iu lm tn hi nhng hon cnh tt lnh. Thay vo , ngi t mun li nh mt dnhor (hi vin hi ng), l iu nhng Lt ma khc tht vng, bi n khng phi l mt chc v thch hp i vi mt i Lt ma. Do Khyentse i ti Dzachukha v thnh lnh b bnh nng, nh c tin tri trc y. Nh li cu nguyn mnh lit ca Gyalwe Nyuku, ngi hi phc. Nm 1825, cng vi ch ngi v nhng ngi khc, ngi i ti Thung lng Ma v khm ph nhng kho tng x Ling. Sau ngi i Phuntsok Dzong, cung in ca Vua Tsewang Lhndrup (cht nm 1827) x Gyarong, v ban cc gio l. Sau ngi i ti a im hnh hng Kaulong Senge Yongdzong v ban gio l cho Vua Namkha Lhndrup x Trokyap Gyarong. Cc ngi c mt mi lin h o s- t v xy dng mt ngi cha, m v sau c gi l Gomsar (Gompa Mi). Mt hm, Ni Murdo x Gyarong, Do Khyentse a con trai ngi ti mt hang ng trong mt ngn ni dc ng v yu cu cu ch ngi. Do Khyentse tr v tri ca h trong khi Raltri ch trong hang. Khi tri ti m cha cu vn khng tr li, Raltri hu nh khng th di chuyn c v s cht. Thnh lnh cu nghe ting cha cu gi cu n v nhn thy mt tm thm nh sng pha trc cu. Khng cht do d hay nghi ng, cu ngi ln v lp tc thy mnh trong tri. C mt ln Do Khyentse ang du hnh trn mt con ng ni rt hp Trakwar ti Dzigak x Gyarong. Ngi bo Riktsal Thogme: Nu ng can m, hy x ti v con nga ca ti xung! Riktsak x h xung Sng Gyalmo Nglchu (tn Trung quc l Dadu), su bn di hng trm pht (1 pht = 0,30m). Riktsal ngh: o s ca ta cht ri, v ng nhy xung theo h. Nhng du tch ca Do Khyentse, con nga, thanh kim ca ngi v Riktsal in hn trn tng nh th trn bn, v ta vn c th nhn thy nhng du tch y vo ma ng, khi mc nc sng xung thp. Sau Do Khyentse yu cu Riktsal ngi ln yn nga pha sau ngi, v h leo ln ni dc ng, in nhng du tch trn mi bc i. T tr i, ngi ta ni rng ci cht do b ri xung vc su thi xy ra trn con ng nguy him .245 Nh chnh Dodrupchen tin tri, nm 1829, Sherap Mebar, con trai ca Do Khyentse, l tlku ca Dodrupchen, ra i vi nhng du hiu k diu. T thi th u cu khng n tht. Tht khng may, cu cht nm 1842, tui mi bn.

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Rikpe Raltri (1830-1874), con trai th hai ca Do Khyentse, l tlku ca Gyalse Nyinche (1793-?), con trai ca Jigme Lingpa, v l thn ph ca Zilnon Gyepa Dorje, Do Rinpoche th hai (1890-1953). Nm 1831 Do Khyentse c vua x Chakla mi ti Tartsedo v nhng ni khc trong min. T lc , ch yu Do Khyentse sng min Tartsedo, v vua x Chakla tr thnh mt trong nhng ngi bo tr chnh ca ngi. Nm 1832, trong mt linh kin trong gic mng, ngi nhn cc gio l v tin tri t Machik Lapdrn cng vi nm dkin. V sau, nhng chng ngi xut pht t tham vng tiu cc c lm yn du, v ngi bt u thc hin vai tr Th h ca cc Yog. C mt ln khi ang cm tri trong Ni Zhak-ra, vua x Chakla ti thm ngi. Mt hm, ci nga v cm n b trong tay, Do Khyentse, nh vua, v Tongza zer phi nga vo mt ci h. Khi nc ln ti bm nga, nh vua s hi v quay tr li. Do Khyentse v zer bin mt. Sau mt lt h cng ni ln an ton. Theo zer, h i xung nc m khng t qun o hay b tt n. Ri h ti mt ngi nh nhiu tng c ba bc tng bao quanh vi loi th vt quanh nh. zer bn ngoi ngi nh trong khi Do Khyentse c nhng ngi mc y phc trng dn vo trong nh, v sau h li a ngi ra ngoi. Khng ai bit Do Khyentse mang ci g ra ngoi vi ngi. Mt hm min Datha, hai cu b chn cu nhn thy Do Khyentse v on ca ngi i qua. Chng mun th xem thc s Do Khyentse c ti thu th hay khng. Mt trong hai cu b chn cu gi b cht, v cu b kia chy ti on ca Lt ma xin cu nguyn cho ngi cht. Do Khyentse i ti xc cht v ht ba tu thuc, tro ln u cu b chn cu. Sau ngi b i m khng ni mt li cu nguyn no. Sau khi on ln ng, cu b nhn thy bn mnh cht tht. Cu chy theo sau on ngi, th nhn s tht v khn cu Lt ma lm cho bn cu sng li. Do Khyentse quay tr li v ni: Dza, ngi lm mt c ch triu thnh v li b i. Chng bao lu cu b phc hi thc v biu l s au bun v vic b a tr v, bi cu c gi ti mt ci tnh y h lc. Ngay lp tc, cu i theo Do Khyentse v v sau tr thnh mt thin gi thnh tu. Mt ln vo u ma h, Do Khyentse ang cm tri qua m ti Dora Karmo Minyak trn ng ngi ti Tartsedo. Ngi bn mt mc-mt v bo zer chn ci xc, l th m ngi s cn ti trn ng tr v. Vo ma thu, khi h tr v ni , ngi yu cu zer mang ci xc li m khng st ngay c mt si lng. Ci xc hu nh bin mt, nhng zer thu thp v rp tt c cc mnh li vi nhau trc mt ngi. Do Khyentse chm tay vo xc mc-mt, n b chy v ku ln the th. zer nhn xt l ng tng nhn thy nhiu trng hp ngi cht c lm cho sng li, nhng y l trng hp mt th vt cht qu lu. Mt hm vua Chakla khn cu mt qun nh. Khi zer chm dt nhng vic chun b, h nhn ra l h khng mang theo bn vn c tng c n tht ca h, rt xa ni y. Do Khyentse ni: Khng thnh vn . Ngy hm sau, ngay trc lc bnh minh, nhng ngi gia ng ti n tht nhn thy ngi i qua, v vo lc bnh minh ngi ta thy ngi n tht. Vo gi im tm, nhng ngi hu ca cung in bo co cho nh vua l Do Khyentse va i vo cung in bng chn trn, nhng nh vua ni: Khng, ngi ang dng im tm. Nhng v nghi ng, v vua v cc ngi hu vi v chy ti phng ca Do Khyentse, v h

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thy ngi m m hi, v bn vn ang trn bn. Do Khyentse ni: Ta mt, ta i ly bn vn! Sau ny, Do Khyentse thit lp Kyilung Gompa trong min Geshe x Gyarong, ban qun nh Longchen Nyingthig, v dy ngndro, tsalung, v Yeshe Lama cho khong mt trm t. V sau, Kyilung Gompa tr thnh tr x ca Zenkar Rinpoche nht v l mt trong cc tr x chnh ca Zenkar Rinpoche hin ti, Thupten Nyima (sinh nm 1943), l nhng ha thn ca Do Khyentse. Do Khyentse i gp Gnpo Namgyal (mt nm 1865), th lnh c c x Nyarong, k gy ra nhiu au kh cho nhiu vng ca tnh Kham. Mt hm v th lnh ni vi Do Khyentse: Ngi mang mt khu sng hy bn con qu . Do Khyentse lm nh th. Sau vin th lnh ni: Ngi cho mnh l mt Pht t y lng bi mn, nhng ngi ang git th vt. Lm sao c th nh th c? Do Khyentse bng ngn tay, v con qu bay i. Vin th lnh nhn xt: Khu sng tuyt vi khng th git ngay c mt con qu. Mt ngy khc, h ang cng nhau ci nga trn tuyt. Con nga ca Do Khyentse ang ci khng li du vt no. Vin th lnh ni: , ngi c mt con nga hay. Chng ta hy i nga. Khi h i nga, mt ln na, con nga m Do Khyentse ci cng khng li du vt, v vin th lnh bnh lun: Ngi l mt k m ho hng.246 Sau khi to c s ngng m v bnh an trong tm ca vin th lnh, Do Khyentse gp phn vo vic phng thch nhiu t nhn. Mt hm h ang trong Ni Zhak-ra Lhatse x Minyak, mt ngi n ng ngng cung (Mi rGod, yeti?) em Do Khyentse i. Ngi b b mc trong mt ci hang gia mt ngn i dc ng. ngi m mnh trong thin nh, trong ngi c mt linh kin v mt dkin ban cho ngi cc gio l, tin tri, v cam l. Khi ra khi thin nh, ch ngi v nhng ngi khc c mt ngi l hng dn i ti chn i v gi ln tn ngi. H khng leo ln c m ngi cng khng th tt xung. Vi s nht tm cc mn ca ngi cu nguyn ch Pht v Lt ma, v lp tc ngi xut hin di chn ngn i . Sau ngi ban nhng trao truyn Longchen Nyingthig v Khandro Yangtig vi nhng du hiu v linh kin k diu. Nm 1836, ngi i ti Lauthang v ban cc trao truyn Longchen Nyingthig. Lauthang tr thnh mt trong nhng tr x ca Do Khyentse. Trong thi gian va qua, Lauthang Gompa l tr x ca Lauthang Tlku Drachen (mt nm 1959), mt tlku ca Dodrupchen. Trong khi h Lauthang, Do Khyentse dn Raltri, con trai ngi, vo mt ngi nh k l. Nhiu dkin dn ra cho h nhiu loi thc phm v cho h xem mt trng by cc kho tng tht l lng. Do Khyentse ban mt phurbu (li dao) cho Raltri, v sau h ra khi nh. Khi Raltri nhn tr li, ngi nh khng cn na, nhng phurba vn cn bn cu. Nm 1844 Khyentse ving thm Yarlung Pemak v ban cc trao truyn Longchen Nyingthig cho Jigme Phuntsok Jungne, Dodrupchen nh. Sau ngi tit l cc gio l terma ca ring ngi cho i chng. Nhng gio l gm c Yangsang Khadr Thukthik v Ch Dzinpa Rangtrl. Nm 1847 ti Lauthang, ngi tn phong Tri-me Trakpa x Yuthang l tlku ca con trai qu c Sherap Mebar ca ngi, mt tlku ca Dodrupchen. Tri-me Trakpa, ngi cng t chi n tht t thi th u, sau ny c nhiu ngi bit n vi ci tn Do (mDo) Rinpoche.

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Nm 1856/57, trong khi ang ving thm Ni Yutse Golok, Paltrl Rinpoche n nhn qun nh Yumka Dechen Gyalmo. Sau , cng vi Dodrupchen nh, ba v thc hin nhng l cng dng sang (t hng). Mc d c mi bng chng, mt s ngi hoi nghi v nng lc gic ng ca Do Khyentse. Mt ngi ch ca ngi khng tin cch thc tr gi gii lut ca ngi. Mt hm khi Do Khyentse bn mt mc-mt, ch ngi qu trch v ni: Lm sao mt tlku c th git th vt nh mt tn ti phm? Khi Do Khyentse dng roi da247 nh vo ci xc, v mc-mt b chy. Trc cnh tng ngi ch trch ngi: By gi th ngi hc c mnh li o thut na! Trong Ni Yutse, ban ngy Do Khyentse chi c v thin nh vo ban m. Ngi ta tin rng ngi a nhiu ngi v v s phi nhn ti con ng an bnh ca Gio Php. Theo li mi ca Vua Samang x Gyarong, ngi ban gio l cho vua v thn dn ca nh vua. Gi y ngi tr thnh thy gio ca tt c mi tm lnh a x Gyarong. Nm 1858, ngi bt u vit tiu s ca ngi ti Kaukong Senge Yongdzong Trokyap, v nm 1860 ngi kt thc tiu s khi ban nhng gio hun i Vin mn cho vua x Trokyap v nhng ngi khc. Tt c u kinh nghim nhng chng ng cao cp v chng kin nhng du hiu phi thng. Trong khi ngi Kaukong, vo sng sm ngy mng tm thng ging nm Th Mi (1860), ngi nhn thy Dodrupchen trong thn tng Milarepa v nghe nhng li sau: Nhng ci thy ca Madhyamaka (Trung o), Mahmudr (i n), v Dzopa Chenpo (i Vin mn) L bn tnh ca nn tng, con ng, v qu. Thot khi nhng to tc ca bn cc oan c gi l Madhyamaka th bn ngoi. Ci thy vi s hiu bit sc bn, khng c nhng li lm, Tr tu vi tinh ty ct ty, L Pht tnh, nn tng tng tc. L Madhyamaka vi t bn trong. C ci thy , nh nng ta phng tin thin xo mang li s chng ng, v Qua s tu tp bn yoga, Hon thin kt qu khng-thin nh L phng cch tin trin theo con ng Mahmudr (i n), ngha [hay s hp nht] tnh Khng v s quang minh, khng bm chp, ca tm.. Trong i Vin mn t nhin, Trc tip nhn ra gic tnh ni ti Tho g mi tri buc ca s bm chp v ngi bm chp. Sau , nh nhn ra nhng hnh nh v vng [nh sng], Nng lc hin l ca gic tnh ni ti s c vin mn nh Bo Thn. Khi s quang minh ca bn linh kin c vin mn, Cc hin tng tan vo s bao la v i ca bn tnh ti thng,

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V s gii thot vo php gii ti thng ca thn tr trung trong mt tnh bnh s c thnh tu..248 Sau cc nh sng v hi nng xut pht t o s v i vo u Do Khyentse, trn ngp thn ngi v tnh ha ngay c nhng nhim vi t nht ca ngi, v lm ngi trn ngp tr tu ca i lc. Nm 1866 ngi tr v Tarsedo v ban gio l cho mi ngi khp ni, ngay c trn nhng con ng trong th trn. Sau , vo ngy hai mi thng hai, an ta trong t th Php Thn, ngi tan ha tlku (ha thn) vt l ca ngi vo bn tnh ti thng. Ngay tc th, ngi ta nghe thy nhng m thanh khc nhau, mt t rung chuyn, v nhng nh sng cu vng trong hnh dng nhng ng sc, vng trn, v nhng chic ct trn ngp bu tri trong nhiu ngy. Trong l tr t ca ngi, cc t tm thy trong tro tn nhiu x li, trong c mt x li ng sc ln bng mt qu trng. Trong nhng tlku ca ngi c Pema Ngdrup Rolwe Dorje (1881-1943), Alak Zenkar nht ca Tu vin Kyilung x Gyarong, v Khyentrl Dzamling Wangyal (?-1907), mt nam t ca Ddjom Lingpa.

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GYALSE ZHENPHEN THAYE 1800-?

GYALSE Zhenphen Thaye249 l mt trong nhng o s quan trng nht ca phi Nyingma. Ngi sinh nm Kim Thn thuc Rabjung th mi ba (1800) trong nhm b tc Gemang Dzachukha. Ngi cng c gi l Gyalse Rikpe Dorje. Ngi c nhiu ngi tha nhn l mt tlku ca Minling Terchen. Ngi nhn nhng gio l t nhiu v Thy, trong c Dodrupchen nht, Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku, Dola Jigme Kalzang, Dzogchen Rinpoche t, v Shengtruk Pema Tashi v nhiu o s khc ca Tu vin Mindroling. Ngi tu hc cc tu vin Dzogchen v Mindroling v tr thnh mt hc gi ni ting. Ngi cng thin nh ti nhiu thnh a, t Ni Kailasha min Ty Ty Tng cho ti Ni Ome (gLang Chen) Trung quc, v tr thnh mt bc lo thng thnh tu. Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye i ti Yarlung Pemak nhn cc gio l t Dodrupchen mt ln na. Ngi nhn thy a im nh mt Ci Tnh V song ca Php thn. Sau khi Dodrupchen mt, Gyalse tr v phng s nhip chnh ca Dodrupchen trong mt thi gian. Gyalse bt u mt kha ging dy v thc hnh Guhyagarbha-myjla-tantra (Mt in B mt tp hi) hng nm ko di bn mi lm ngy ti Yarlung Pemak, tr x chnh ca Dodrupchen. Paltrl Rinpoche lm v tr ging cho Gyalse trong nm u tin, v sau chnh Paltrl chu trch nhim kha ging dy ny thm hai nm na.250 Gyalse tip tc trch nhim xy dng li Tu vin Dzogchen sau khi n hu nh b ph hy hon ton bi mt trn ng t nm 1842. Tuy nhin ngha chnh yu ca i ngi l ba ng gp chnh m ngi thc hin cho phi Nyingma. Ngi xy Shedra (hc vin Kinh in) Shrsimha ni ting ca Tu vin Dzogchen, v ngi v cc t ca ngi ging dy Kinh in v Mt in. Shedra ny tr thnh mt t chc nghin cu v mt m hnh cho nhng hc vin Kinh in ti nhiu tu vin Nyingma khc.

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Ngi lm cho Vinaya, hay gii lut tu vin, thnh thc hnh hng ngy v thit lp nhng kha nhp tht ma ma hng nm cho cc tu s ti Tu vin Dzogchen, mt tc l m cc tu vin Nyingma khc cng tun theo. Theo khn cu ca Sangye Knga, v h tr Php ta th by ca Tu vin Mindroling, v Paltrl Pema Wangyal, ngi tp hp cc gio l kama ca truyn thng Nyingma trong mt tuyn tp. Sau ngi xng cc thc hnh ca mi ba sdhana kama trong hi chng tu s trong Tu vin Dzogchen, t cc thc hnh ny lan rng ti nhiu tu vin Nyingma khc min ng Ty Tng. Tht khng may, ti khng ngh l c s tha nhn thch ng i vi nhng cng vic v i m ngi lm cho phn ct li ca truyn thng Nyingma. Trong s nhng i t ca ngi c Khenchen Pema Dorje, Paltrl Rinpoche, v Do Khyentse. Ngi mt tng i tr, nhng ti khng c thng tin v thi gian v ngi mt ra sao. Tlku ca ngi l Gyakong Khenpo Chkyi Nangwa (Zhenga, 1871-1927) ca Tu vin Dzogchen.

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18

DZOGCHEN KHENPO PEMA DORJE

TH K MI CHN KHENCHEN Pema Dorje251 l mt o s v i ca Kinh in ln Mt in. Ngi cng c gi l Pema Vajra, Pema Badzar, v Pema Tamch zer. Ngi l mt trong nhng khenpo, hay hc gi nghin cu ni ting nht ca Tu vin Dzogchen. Ngi tu hc di chn ca Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye, Dzogchen Rinpoche t, Khenchen Sengtruk Pema Tashi, Paltrl Rinpoche, v nhiu o s khc. Ngi l mt hc gi ca c Kinh in ln Mt in. Ngi nhn cc trao truyn Longchen Nyingthig t Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku, Dzogchen Rinpoche t, Khyentse Yeshe Dorje, v Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye. Trong s nhng tc phm ca ngi c Nyingme Gal-len Rikpe Kyareng, mt phn bc nhng cng kch vo nhng quan im Nyingma, v Mt Dn nhp vo vic Tr tng Avalokiteshvara ca Longchen Nyingthig. Tlku ca ngi l Choktrl Dega Rinpoche ca Tu vin Dzogchen. Tlku ca Choktrl Dega l Tlku Kalzang, ngi tin phong trong vic xy dng li Tu vin Dzogchen trong nhng nm qua.

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PALTRL JIGME CHKYI WANGPO (1808 1887)

PALTRL Rinpoche Ogyen Jigme Lingpa Chkyi Wangpo252 l ha thn v ng ca c Jigme Lingpa. Ngi l mt trong nhng o s v tc gi Nyingma v i, cuc i v cc tc phm ca ngi c ngay c nhng hc gi ca nhng trng phi khc trch dn. Mc d l mt trong nhng hc gi v bc lo thng v i nht ca phi Nyingma, ngi sng nh mt n s khim tn v gin d nht. Ngi ni nng thng thn v ln ting, nhng mi li ngi ni ra l ngn t ca chn l, tr tu, v s quan tm. Ngi sinh trong b tc Getse Kongma thuc dng Mukpo Dong Karchung Ko- trong Thung lng Dzachukha vo nm Thn Th thuc Rabjung th mi bn (1808). Thn ph ngi l Lhawang thuc nhm Gyalthok, v thn mu l Dolma thuc nhm Tromza. Sau khi sinh ra khng bao lu, ngi c gng ni OM.., nhng khng r rng. Nhng vo ngy th nm, ngi ni OM MANI PADME HM tht r. Cc ch ca thn ch OM MANI PADME HM cng c nhn thy ni c, v mt ch HRH hin trn li ngi. Mc d l mt tlku (ti sinh) ca Jigme Lingpa, ngi c Dola Jigme Kalzang xc nhn l tlku ca Palge Samten Phntsok. Khi chng thc (ph chun) s xc nhn ny, Dodrupchen nht ni vi Jigme Kalzang: Ta ph chc cho cu b v trao truyn gio l Longchen Nyingthig vin mn vi php danh Ogyen Jigme Chkyi Wangpo. Chng bao lu, Palge Knchok, mt ngi chu ca Palge cui cng, em Paltrl ti Palge Latrang, tr x ca Palge cui cng. Paltrl hc tp cc gio l Kinh in v tantra (Mt in) vi nhiu o s, trong c Dola Jigme Kalzang, Jigme Ngotsar, Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye, Snam

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Palge, v Zhechen Thutop Namgyal. Ngi Sengtruk Pema Tashi Tu vin Dzogchen cho ngi th gii xut gia. Tuy nhin, cc v Thy gc ca ngi l Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku v Do Khyentse. Vi Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku, ngi hc tp t ngndro, tu tp chun b, cho ti nhng gio l tsalung v Dzogpa Chenpo (i Vin mn). T Gyalwe Nyuku, ngi th nhn cc gio l ngndro Longchen Nyingthig hai mi lm ln, v thc hin nhiu tu tp v cc gio l ny. Sau ny ngi bin son nhng li dy ca v Thy ca ngi v ngndro l bn vn ni ting Knzang Lame Zhalung (Nhng Li Dy t Kim khu ca Lt ma Ph Hin Li Vng ca Thy ti). Mt hm Do Khyentse, v Thy lang thang trong khi thc hin nhng bi tp b truyn, thnh lnh xut hin trc lu ca Paltrl. Do Khyentse la ln: Palge! Nu mi can m th bc ra y! Khi Paltrl bc ra mt cch cung knh, Do Khyentse tm ly tc ngi, nm ngi trn mt t, v li ngi xnh xch. Lc , Paltrl ngi thy mi ru trong hi th ca Do Khyentse v ngh: c Pht ging dy v nhng nguy him ca ru, vy m ngay c mt bc lo thng nh ngi cng c th say ru nh th ny. Ngay lc , Do Khyentse bung Paltrl ra v la ln: Chao i! Ngi thng tu nh ng m cng c th c nhng t tng xu xa nh th! Ch Gi! Do Khyentse nh vo mt ngi, gi ngn tay t ra (mt c ch nhc m), v ra i. Paltrl nhn ra rng: ta sai lm ri. Ngi ang thc hin mt bi tp b truyn gii thiu cho ta bn tnh gic ng ca ta. Paltrl b ging x bi hai cm xc mu thun: au bun v nhng t tng tiu cc ca chnh mnh v sng st trc s thu th ca Do Khyentse. Ngi bt dy, ngi lp tc thin nh v bn tnh gic ng ca tm ngi, v mt s tnh gic ni ti, trong tro, m trng nh bu tri thc gic trong ngi. Do , s chng ng trong tro v ton trit nh mt tri mc thc dy trong ngi, siu vt s chng ng nh bnh minh m ngi nhn c nh Gyalwe Nyuku khai m. K t lc , ngi gi danh hiu Ch Gi vi v a bn nh ci tn b truyn hay thing ling ca ngi. Khi Paltrl khong hai mi tui, v tng qun l ca Palge Latrang l Palge Konchok qua i. Paltrl ng ca tr x Palge v bt u sng nh mt n s lang thang. Ti Tu vin Dzogchen, ngi nhn nhng trao truyn Nyingthig Yabzhi v Longchen Nyingthig t Dzogchen Rinpoche t v Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye. Sau ngi nhp tht di hn ti ng Shinje (ng Yamantaka hay T Thn) v ng Tsering gn Tu vin Dzogchen, ni c ln Dodrupchen thc hin mt cuc nhp tht di hn. Khong nm 1851, t i hc gi Gyawa Do-ngak Gyatso, mt t ca Paltrl v Zhapkar Tsoktruk Rangtrl (1781-1851), Paltrl c nghe nhng chi tit v cuc i y cm hng ca Zhapkar. Khi ngi ti Golok trn ng i gp Zhapkar, ngi nghe hung tn rng Zhapkar va mt. Ngi quay tr li v n Yarlung Pemako, tr x ca Dodrupchen. Ti Yarlung, ngi kt giao vi Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye (1800-?), v Thy ny ang sng nh nhip chnh ca Dodrupchen qu

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c v ang bt u mt kha ging v thc hnh hng nm ko di bn mi lm ngy v Guhyagarbha-myjla-tantra (Mt in B mt tp hi). Paltrl nhn gio l Guhyagarbha-tantra t Gyalse v lm tr ging cho v Thy ny trong nm u tin. Sau bn thn ngi m nhim nhng kha ging hng nm trong hai nm na. Ngi i khp cc thung lng Ser, Do, Mar, v Dzika v nhiu ln ban cc gio l v Bodhicharyvatra (Nhp B Tt Hnh) v truyn cm hng cho ton b dn chng tr tng OM MANI PADME HM. Trong nhng vng , ngi rt thnh cng trong vic bi b h thng phc v tht cho cc Lt ma khi h ti c hnh cc bui l. Ngi tuyn b cc lut l chng li vic trm cp v sn bn. Ngi mang Pht gio n vi cuc sng ca mi ngi v ti mi nh, khin cho Pht Php khng b gii hn trong gii tu s hay cc tu vin v gompa (tu vin hay n tht). Ngi thm ving Tu vin Shukchung, v sau trong mt thi gian di ngi Shukchen Tago, tr x chnh thc ca Dodrupchen nht. Mc d Dodrupchen b tr x ny khong na th k trc nhng n vn c dng nh mt n tht. Ti y ngi tng Kanjur ba ln v hc thuc lng nhiu b Kinh. Sau ngi sng di mt gc cy ti Ari Nak (cn c gi l Dhichung Phuk) mt thi gian di. l mt bi t cao v trng gia mt cnh rng rm. Cha tng c ai ti , v nhng ngi duy nht m thnh thong ngi ta c th nhn thy l nhng l khch bn kia Thung lng Do, cch bn kia Sng Do khong na dm. Rng Ari trn b Sng Do na ng gia Shukchen Tago v Tu vin Dodrupchen hin ti. Trc tin, Paltrl v Nyoshl Lungtok, ngi sng gn Paltrl v hc vi ngi trong hai mi tm nm, sng n c ti Rng Ari trong su thng. Mt ti tsampa nh lm lng thc, y phc khoc trn ngi, v i ba quyn sch l nhng vt s hu duy nht ca cc ngi. Vo gia tra h hp li v dng mt t tsampa. Sau h buc ming ti tsampa vo mt gc cy v n cho ti ngy hm sau. Sau , Paltrl ging cho Lungtok i cu k trong Bodhicharyvatra (Nhp B Tt Hnh). Ri khoc mnh vi trng rch ri l y phc duy nht ca ngi, vi mt chic gy trong tay, Paltrl bin mt vo rng, ni to, Ha! Ha! Ha! nh mt bi tp thin nh. Bui tra hm sau h li cng nhau t hp v lm nhng vic tng t. Chng bao lu, nhiu t n Rng Ari, v Paltrl bt u ging dy Semnyi Ngalso, Ynten Dz v nhng gio l khc.253 Paltrl Rinpoche ban gio l v sau cc t thin nh v cc gio l y trong rng. Bi khng ch tm nhiu vo vic t chc cuc sng nn h c rt t thc phm dng. Mc d trong rng rm nhng cng khng c rau tri c th n c. Loi tr h ung rt c v ngon khi pha ln u vi l tr ti; nhng sau h c thm nc vo tr c khin tr cng lc cng lt i v mt mu. H a bn v m lt khc nhau ca tr, gi l tr ba thn. Tr c l tr ca Ha thn phc tp, tr lt l tr ca Bo thn mc mc, v tr v v l tr ca Php thn khng tnh rng rang. Paltrl nhn ra rng ti sn v nhng thun duyn, chng hn thc phm h, y phc ho

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hng, ch tin nghi, nhng li tn tng v ting tm l nhng chng ngi hn l s h tr cho tin b tm linh. Ngi vit: au kh th tt v hnh phc th khng tt. Hnh phc lm nm c ca dc vng thm ly lng. au kh khin c nghip tch tp trong qu kh b cn kit. au kh l n phc ca Lt ma. Ch trch th tt v tn tng th khng tt. Nu ti c tn tng, ti s phnh ln s kiu mn. Nu ti b ch trch, li lm ca ti s c phi by.. Ngho kh th tt v thnh vng th khng tt. Thnh vng to thm nhng thng kh gh gm ca vic mu sinh v duy tr n. Ngho kh mang li s cng hin v thnh tu Thnh Php. Sau Paltrl i ti tu vin Dzamthang, mt trung tm v i ca hc phi Jonang. ngi thuyt ging v Uttaratantra (i Tha Ti Thng Mt in) da trn nhng gii thch ca Knkhyen Dolpo. Ti Minyak ngi gp Dra Geshe Tsltrim Namgyal, mt hc gi v i phi Geluk, ngi rt kinh ngc trc s uyn bc ca Paltrl. Ti Tu vin Gyaphak, ngi ban cc qun nh v gio l Longchen Nyingthig vin mn, l gio l ngi him khi truyn dy. Ti Golok, ngi iu phc nhng k trm cp phng tng v th sn hung c bng nng lc ca s hin din v ngn t ph hp l phi ca ngi. Ti Marung ngi dy dn chng nhc li ngn t ca lng bi mn OM MANI PADME HM, bi thm ch h khng bit c thn ch ra sao. Sau ngi tr v Rng Ati trong Thung lng Do v mt thi gian. Nm 1856/57 Paltrl nghe ni l t Tarsedo, Do Khyentse n Ni Yutse Golok. Paltrl ti sau nhiu ngy du hnh gp Do Khyentse. Paltrl khn cu Do Khyentse ban cho ngi qun nh Yumka Dechen Gyalmo ca Longchen Nyingthig. Do Khyentse ni: Ta gi n b mt trong nhiu nm, nhng by gi ta s ban n cho con, v ht sc hoan h, Do Khyentse truyn qun nh cho ngi. Trong s nhiu tin tri m Do Khyentse ban, c mt tin tri ni rng Paltrl s sng n tm mi tui. Sau Do Khyentse, Dodrupchen nh v Paltrl cng c hnh mt l cng dng khi (sang ceremony), n tr thnh mt du hiu cho thy cc ngi s ti sinh lm anh em rut. Paltrl tr v Thung lng Do v ban gio l v Bodhicharyvatra nhiu ni. Sau khi sng khong mi nm quanh cc thung lng Do v Ser, quanh cc tr x ca Dodrupchen, Paltrl tr v Tu vin Dzogchen. Ti cc n tht Padme Thang, Nakchung, v hc vin Shrsimha ca Tu vin Dzogchen, ngi ging dy Bodhicharyvatra, Abhisamaylamkra (Hin Qun Trang nghim), Madhyamakvatra (Nhp Trung Lun), Mahynastrlamkra (i tha Trang nghim Kinh lun), Abhidharmakosha (A t t ma Cu x lun), Guhyagarbhamyjla (B Mt Tp Hi), Ynten Dz (Kho tng ca nhng Phm tnh Cao qu), Domsum Namnge (S Xc quyt ca Ba Tha), v nhiu bn vn khc trong nhiu 170

nm. Ngi hnh hng n Kathok v ging Bodhicharyvatra. Ngi tip n Tertn Chogyur Lingpa Tu vin Dzogchen v nhn nhng trao truyn. Cui cng, ngi tr v Dzachukha, qu hng ca ngi. Ngi ving thm hu ht tu vin v n tht trong Thung lng Dzachukha, c bit l cc n tht Gekong v Changma, v ging Bodhicharyvatra v nhng bn vn khc ca trit hc i tha. Nhng trong hu ht phn i cn li ca ngi, ngi sng quanh Dzagya Gn, tr x ca bn s Gyalwe Nyuku ca ngi, ni di ct ca Gyalwe Nyuku c gi gn trong mt bo thp. Ti Dzagya, ngi thit lp mt kha ging v thc hnh Bodhicharyvatra hng nm ko di ba thng, v mt kha ging v thc hnh v Ci Tnh ca c Pht V lng Quang A Di trong mt tun l. Mi ln ngi i vo in th di ct ca v Thy ca ngi, ngi lun lun tng ln ting nhng li c nguyn sau: Trong mi cuc i ca chng con, cu mong khng bao gi chng con b nh hng bi mi c hu. Trong mi cuc i ca chng con, cu mong khng bao gi chng con xm phm ngay c mt si tc ca ngi khc. Trong mi cuc i ca chng con, cu mong khng bao gi chng con xa ri nh sng ca Thnh Php. [Tip theo l mt bi k ly t Kinh in:] Bt k ai nhn gio l t ta, v Thm ch nhn thy ta, lng nghe ta, ngh ti ta, hay c quan h vi ta qua vic tr chuyn, Cu mong cnh ca ti sinh ca h trong nhng ci thp c ng kn, V cu mong h ti sinh trong Ci Cc Lc Potala (Ph ). Mam Do ti Dhachukha ngi dng hin n lc trong nhiu nm cho vic pht trin mt Dobum ni ting, mt qun th nhng bc tng s tht ng kinh ngc, v trn mi hn c khc nhiu thn ch OM MANI PADME HM. Bc tng ny c bt u t v tin nhim ca Paltrl. Trong ln u tin ngi bt u chp nhn mi vt cng dng v dng tng mu b nh tin tr lng cho nhng ngi c thu khc nhng li cu nguyn. Khi bc tng c hon tt, ngi gi mt s gi n thnh cu ngi Khyentse Wangpo ti lm l hin cng. Vo ngy c bit ny, nhng ht gia tr ca l hin cng m ngi Khyentse Wangpo nm t mt ni cch xa tm ngy ng trn lng nga, ri xung bc tng trc mt mi ngi. Tramatung, ngi ging dy v hng dn thc hnh v cc tu tp chun b duy nht, Trekch v Thgal. Sau ny, Tendzin Norbu (Tenli), t chnh ca ngi, nhn xt: Ti c mt t hiu bit v i Vin mn trc , nhng Tramatung, ti hon ton thu sut v chng ng nhng iu ny. Khong nm 1872, Dodrupchen tam, lc tm tui, n Dzagya Gn nhn cc gio l v trao truyn t Paltrl. Sau kha ging, theo khn cu ca chnh Paltrl, Dodrupchen ban gio l v Bodhicharyvatra cho i chng, k c bn thn Paltrl. Sau Paltrl gi tin lnh n cho Khyentse Wangpo, ni rng: V

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vic hc Php, Dodrupchen ban gio l v Bodhicharyvatra nm ln tm tui. i vi vic chng ng Php, Nyakla Pema Ddl [1816-1872] va t c thn cu vng. V th gio php ca c Pht khng b suy gim. Vo lc , thnh thong Dodrupchen nghe ging ni ca Paltrl lt qua tng, ni rng: c Lin Hoa Sanh v i, xin oi tng ti con. Con khng c ngi no khc tin cy... nhng li khn cu Guru Rinpoche trong bn vn ngndro Longchen Nyingthig. iu ny cho thy chc hn ngndro l mt trong nhng thc hnh chnh ca ngi. T nm by mi mt tui, ngi bt u tit kim lng thc, ch dng khong mt tun, l vic m trc y ngi cha bao gi lm. Ngoi ra, ngi khng nhn bt k vt cng dng no, hoc nu c nhn th ngi lp tc gi n cho qu xy tng mani. Thnh thong ngi li thc phm ni n c cng dng cho ngi, khin nhng ngi ngho thng i theo ngi thu thp nhng vt cng dng m ngi li. Nm by mi su tui, ti cnh ng Dza Mam, ngi ban gio l v Li Nguyn Kht khao Ci Tnh v Mani Kabum cho khong mt ngn ngi. Sau ngi khng ban gio l cho i chng na. Bt k ai n gp ngi, ngi gi ti Thy Tenzin Norbu hc Php. Nu ai c ni n th ngi la ry, nhng ngi cng la ry th h cng sng m ngi. l bi tri tim bi mn v li l khim tn ca ngi. Nm by mi by tui, ngi i ti Dzagya Gn v mi Dzogchen Rinpoche ng, khi ang ving thm Dzachukha, v cc ngi k nim ngy mng mi thng Thn nm Mi, l sinh nht ca Guru Rinpoche. Nm by mi tm tui, Paltrl tr v Ko-, sinh qun ca ngi. Nm tm mi tui, vo ngy mi ba thng t nm Ha Hi (1887), ngi bt u c vn v sc khe. Vo ngy mi tm thng ngi dng tr sng nh thng l. Sau , trc gi tra, ngi ngi dy trn tri trong t th Pht v t bn tay trn u gi. Khenpo Knpal c mt , v Khenpo c mc qun o li cho ngi, nhng ngi khng phn ng li. Sau mt lt, vi i mt m trong v thin nh, ngi bng ngn tay mt ln v tay trong t th thin nh, v tm ngi tan ha vo s thun tnh nguyn thy. Vo ngy hai mi trong thng, Tsamtrl Rinpoche c hnh l nh thc tm thc ngi ra khi thin nh. Khi mt, ngi khng li vt g ng gi. C mt b y tu s, mt bnh bt kht thc, mt khn chong vng, mt h y, thc phm dng khong mi ngy, mt b gm nm bn vn ca Asanga (V Trc), v mt bn chp Madhyamakvatra (Nhp Trung Lun). C nm ng bc v mt t khn chong m ngi cha gi cho qu xy tng . l tt c nhng g ngi c. Dodrupchen tam m t gio l ca Paltrl nh sau:

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D ban gio l no, ngi khng bao gi trnh by vi v ph trng s uyn bc ca mnh nhng vi mc ch lm nhng gio l y thch hp vi s hiu bit ca ngi nghe. Nu phn tch nhng li dy ca ngi, ta s thy chng hp lun l v y ngha. Thm ch mt ngi n n nghe nhng gio l y cng c th hiu c d dng. Bi nhng gio l rt c ng nn ngi nghe d dng nm bt. Li ging dy c di tng xng, lin quan ti ch v tht duyn dng khin cho ngi nghe say m. M t nhn cch ca Paltrl, Dodrupchen tam vit: Paltrl s dng ngn t cng rn c v khng khip v p o, nhng khng c cht sn hn hay tham luyn trong nhng li ni . Nu qu v bit cch lng nghe th chng ch l nhng gio l trc tip hay gin tip. Mi iu ngi ni ra th rn chc nh vng rt chn tht. Ngi i x vi mi ngi mt cch bnh ng, khng tng bc khi h c mt m cng khng ni xu h sau lng. Ngi khng bao gi gi b l iu g hay ngi no . V th mi ngi, d a v cao hay thp, tt c u tn knh ngi nh mt v Thy ch thc. Ngi khng thin v i vi ngi c chc quyn cao m cng khng coi nh nhng ngi bnh thng. Bt k ai dnh dng ti nhng hot ng phi o c, tr phi h khng th thay i c, ngi lp tc nu ra nhng li lm ca h v phi by chng. Ngi tn thn v thi thc nhng ngi ang theo ui mt i sng tm linh. Ngi c v kh khn trong vic i x nhng nu thn cn vi ngi, qu v khng bao gi thy ngi biu l s thiu trung thc, thiu tin cy, thiu kin nh, hay o c gi. Ngi khng thay i trong tnh bng hu, d dng v thoi mi khi tip cn. Ngi kin nhn trc nhng iu tt v xu. Kh c th xa ri ngi. Mc d sut i ngi vn l mt hnh gi n dt, mi quan im ca ngi u lnh mnh, bi ngi khng bao gi lc hng i vi cc hot ng ca B Tt. Nh mt tc ng c ni: Cho d vng vn cn nm di mt t, nh sng ca n chiu ri tn tri cao. Nu qu v kho st ngi mt mc no qu v s thy ngi trong sch v thanh tnh. Nu qu v ngh v ngi mc no , nim tin ni ngi ca qu v s tng trng. M t v hnh tng vt l ca Paltrl, Dodrupchen tam vit: u ngi ln nh mt ci d. Mt ngi ging nh mt a sen n, v nhng nng lc tri gic ca ngi th trong tro tinh khit. Thng th ngi rt t bnh tt. T thi th u ngi c tr tu v lng bi mn v i, v l mt din gi sng chi. Khenpo Knpal, ngi sng vi Paltrl nhiu nm trong phn cui cuc i ca ngi, vit rng mt trong nhng li cu nguyn chnh ca ngi l Manjushrnamasamgit (Ht tng nhng Danh hiu ca c Vn Th). Khng ch khng c ca ci th gian, ngi cng khng c nhiu Kinh sch, l th m i vi mt o s-hc gi thng c cho l quan trng nht. i khi ngi c mt bn sao ca Bodhicharyvatra v mt bn Manjushrnamasamgit, l nhng bi nguyn

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hng ngy ca ngi. Nhng i khi ngay c nhng bn ngi cng cho i, bi ngi thuc lng nhng bn vn . Ngi khng c giy hay mt cy bt tre. V th bt k ngi u, khi ng dy, ngi sn sng ri b tc th mt ni chn. Patrl ban nhng ging dy v nhng bn vn trit hc thuc Kinh in, Mt in, i Vin mn v nh thc hay trao truyn s chng ng ti thng cho tm thc ca nhiu t hu duyn. Tuy nhin, dng nh rt t khi ngi ban qun nh hay c hnh nhng bui l phc tp. Ngi c mt quan im khng b phi trong vic ging dy, cch vit v thc hnh. Ngi nghin cu, thc hnh v ging dy y cc truyn thng Pht Gio ca Ty Tng. Ngi coi o s ca nhng trng phi khc nhau ngang bng vi c Pht Tr tu: c Sakya Pandita, ng mang li bnh minh ca ng minh, c Tsongkhapa, sui ngun ca nhng gio l Kinh in v Mt in, v, c Longchen Rabjam, o s ca nhng gio l vin mn ca c Pht, L nhng c Vn Th ch thc ca X Tuyt Ty Tng. L mt ngi v cng khim tn v n gin, tuy th ngi c th gip nhiu hc gi cao qu, giu c, y nng lc v ni ting nh cc t ca ngi. Nhiu t trong b qun o gm thu c on ty tng vy quanh n qu di chn v n s trong manh o vi c k, rch ri, p v ny, l ngi kh c tsampa n hay nhin liu nu tr. Thm ch cng c lc v khim tn ca ngi lm xu h nhng ngi khoc o thu, i nga v ph by s yu ui ca h. C ln Paltrl du hnh ti mt tri ca ngi du c, v ngi i b nh thng l. Ngi dng chn ti mt gia nh c mt chic lu khng l v xin h cho ngi li vi ngy bi ngi kit sc. Gia nh ni: ng c c li cu nguyn c khng? Ngi tr li: Cht t. Sau h bng lng cho ngi vo v ngi mt gc thp nht ca chic lu. Nhiu ngi ang bn rn lm cc vt nghi l, dng lu, lm gh cao, v nu thc n ngon cho mt i Lt ma v on ca ngi sp n c hnh mt bui l quan trng. Sau vi ngy, h nghe n l v i Lt ma ang n, v mi ngi x nhau ra n Lt ma. Paltrl khng i ra ngoi. Mi ngi qut tho ngi v hu nh li ngi ra trnh din trc Lt ma. V Lt ma trong b qun o thu, i ti vi ton b v ph trng ca khong bn mi k binh hu cn, cm nhng l phn trong tay, nh th trong mt v tung. Paltrl khng cn chn la no khc l phi ti trc v Lt ma, v th ngi lm nh th. Khi v i Lt ma nhn thy Paltrl, ng ta nhy xung nga v sp xung chn o s, xu h v s ph by khoa trng v ngha trc s hin din khim tn v y ngha ca Paltrl v i. V Lt ma l Minyak Kunzang Snam, mt t ca Paltrl, ngi vit mt bnh ging ni danh v Bodhicharyvatra. T ngy tr i, v Lt ma t b li sng khoa trng ca mnh, tr thnh mt n s, khng bao gi ci nga na m i b cho d du hnh ni u. Ngi ta tin rng Paltrl bit trc kt qu ca cuc gp g ny nh ti thu th ca ngi, mt kh nng m ngi biu l nhiu ln.

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Cc tc phm ca ngi c thu thp trong su quyn sch, v i Vin mn, Mt in, Kinh in, li ch dy, thi ca, v kch. Cc tc phm lng danh ca ngi l nhng gio hun cng phu v thc hnh chun b ca Longchen Nyingthig, c ta l Nhng Li Dy t Kim khu ca Lt ma Ph Hin (Li Vng ca Thy ti); mt gio hun ngn gn nhng k diu v thin nh i Vin mn, c ta l Ba Li nh vo nhng im Trng yu, v mt bnh ging v Abhisamaylamkra (Hin Qun Trang nghim). min ng Ty Tng, c l Paltrl l ngi c cng lao to ln nht trong vic lm cho Bodhicharyvatra (Nhp B Tt Hnh) thnh mt cm nang cho nhiu tu s; Li Nguyn Kht khao c Ti sinh trong Ci Tnh Cc Lc ca c Pht A Di , mt li nguyn hng ngy cho nhiu c s; Guhyagarbha-myjla-tantra (Mt in B mt tp hi), nn tng ca truyn thng Mt tha Nyingma; cc gio l i Vin mn khng ch l mt truyn thng da trn vn t m l mt chng ng thin nh; v trn tt c, OM MANI PADME HM nh hi th bt tn ca nhiu ngi. Trong s nhng ha thn ca ngi c Jigme Wangpo x Dzagya Gn v Namkha Jigme x Dzachukha, mt nam t ca Ddjom Lingpa.

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DODRUPCHEN NH JIGME PHNTSOK JUNGNE 1824-1863

Dodrupchen Rinpoche nh, Jigme Phntsok Jungne,254 sinh trong b tc Puchung thuc dng Mukpo Dong ti Dilsham Kathok o Thangyak trong Thung lng Do. Thn ph ngi l Puchung Chphen, v thn mu l Apangza Tsomo. Mt hm, khi ngi trong bng m, m ngi lt xung Sng Thangyak v c nguy c b cht ui. Vo lc b nghe em b ca b ni: ng s, M. Lc ngi sinh ra c mt trn ma hoa, cc cu vng un cong trn cn lu, v ngi ta nghe thy m nhc trong khng trung. L mt a tr, trong khi n a ngi thng gi nhng cnh con vo trong nh th vo trong bn. Dodrupchen nht tin tri vic ngi sinh ra nh ha thn ca chnh ngi trong nhng dng k sau: Sau i ny bng nng lc ca ba thin nh [Ta s sinh l] Phntsok Jungne, Mt s gi s biu l nhng hot ng gic ng ca ba thn Pht, v Mt ngi sng to nhng iu huyn diu nh sui ngun ca nhng li lc. Vic xc nhn ngi l Dodrupchen c Sakya Kongma chng thc v ngi c tn phong ti Yarlung Pemak. Thng minh khc thng, ngi tinh thng nhng vic nghin cu thng thng v phi thng khng cht kh khn. Ngi rt thin xo trong vic sng tc v thi ca v vit ch rt p. Ngi c cho l p trai ti ni ngi ta kh c th tm c s bt ton no trong thn tng ca ngi. Nm 1834 ngi ti Dzachukha v nhn nhng gio l Ngndro, Rigdzin Dpa, v cc gio l Dzopa Chenpo t Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku.255 Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku, vi nhiu mn cng dng, gia lc cho ngi l Vajrchrya (o s Kim cng) Siu vit. Nm 1844, Do Khyentse ti Yarlung Pemak256 v trao truyn cho ngi tt c nhng qun nh, Kinh in, v nhng gio hun ca Longchen Nyingthig. Ngi

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cng nhn nhng gio l v trao truyn t Dzogchen Rinpoche t v Paltrl Rinpoche. T thi th u ngi ph din v s nng lc, khin cho nhng iu k diu tr thnh cc hin tng thng thng i vi nhng ngi quanh ngi. Ngi nhiu ln lm hi sinh cho nhng xc cht ca cc th vt. Mi khi ngi c hnh php phowa (chuyn di tm thc) cho ngi cht, nhng du hiu c tin l nhng biu th ca vic chuyn di tm thc ti nhng ci thun tnh lun lun xy ra. Ngi c kh nng bit c qu kh, tng lai v c c tm ca ngi khc. Trong phn sau ca i ngi, ngi n mc nh mt c s. Mc d ngi c hnh nhng bui l c tnh cht tng trng v ph din nhng nng lc k diu, ngi t chi ban bt k gio l hay trao truyn chnh thc no. C ln, khi ngi ang du hnh vi mt nhm ng ngi trong mt xkhng ngi, thnh lnh h b mt nhm cp ng o vy kn. Dodrupchen khn cu cc H Php, ngi ni: Nu ngi ni gin, xin Zas [gZa]257 v nhng hnh tinh xung mt t. Thnh lnh, t trn khng trung hng trm Zas xung quanh m cp. Nhng tn cp xin li ngi v cng dng nhiu con nga. Mt hm, Do Khyentse git mt con cu ci v mi Dodrupchen nh v Paltrl dng ba tra. Cc th gi ca Paltrl s rng ngi s cm thy rt kh chu, bi ngi phn i kch lit vic n tht v c bit l git bt k sinh loi no, ngay c nhng con vt nh nht. Nhng c ba v cng ngi trn mt chic gh v vui v thng thc mn tht, trc s ngc nhin ca cc t ca Paltrl. Sau ny, Paltrl ni vi cc t ca ngi: Lm th no mt con cu ci c th c li lc nh th t xc thn ca n? Bi nhng v h tr tr tu ny thng thc thn th ca n, n s khng cn b nhng ti sinh thp km na. Trong rng ni Yutse, Do Khyentse thc hin mt l cng dng t hng trn mt ci b. Sau Dodrupchen c hnh bui l tng t cng trn chic b . Cui cng, Paltrl Rinpoche cng thc hin tng t. Sau Paltrl ni: Ta c mong c th cht trc cc v h tr tr tu, nhng im ny cho ta thy Do Khyentse s mt trc nht, k l Dodrupchen, v ta s l ngi cui cng. Ngoi ra, bi chng ta c hnh nhng l cng dng trn cng mt ci b, chng ta s c ti sinh lm nhng a con cng cha m. Kt qu l Dodrupchen mt sm nht bi nhng tnh hung bt ng, nhng tt c cc ngi u ti sinh lm cc con trai ca Ddjom Lingpa. Khi Gnpo Namgyal (?-1865), vin th lnh c c ca Tnh Nyak-rong, ang chun b tn cng Thung lng Ser, ng ta vit th cho Dodrupchen ni rng ng sp ph hy Thung lng Ser nhng ng ta s khng lm hi Yarlung Pemak, l ni i qun s i qua. Dodrupchen nh tr li rng dn chng trong Thung lng Ser l nhng ngi sng ph thuc (Lha sDe) vo ngi v nu h b hi th iu cng lm hi tu vin ca ngi. Vin th lnh vit th tr li rng khi qun i ca ng ta ti Thung lng Ser, trc tin ng ta s hy dit Yarlung. Khi nghe tin ny, tt c nhng ngi sng ti Yarlung Pemak chy trn, li n trng khng. Do s van ni ca cc mn , Dodrupchen khng c la chn no khc ngoi vic t b Yarlung. Nh vy ph hp vi nhng tin tri ca cc dkini, ngi di chuyn ti ng bng Tsangchen trong Thung lng Do thng. (Ngi ta cng tin rng Dodrupchen nht cng xy dng mt a im nhp tht cnh ng Tsangchen trong qu kh.) Trn cnh ng Tsangchen c mt ngn i linh

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thing tn l Jikche Barma, Ngn La Khng khip, ngi ta tin rng n l ni tr ng ca mt n bo tr y nng lc. Cm mt phurbu trong tay, Dodrupchen thnh lnh bay vo ngn i khng cht chng ngi. Bn trong ngn i, ngi thut li, c mt th trn ng s. Trong mt cung in trong th trn, ngi c yu cu chia s ngai ta ca v th lnh, mt ngi n b c hnh tng phn n. Theo li khn cu ca ngi, b cho php ngi xy mt gompa. Nm 1862, ngi t nn mng ca gompa m nhiu thp k sau ny tr thnh Tu vin Dodrupchen ni ting. Chng bao lu ngi lp Gyaza (hay Tsaza) Tamtsik l ngi phi ngu, v iu ny chc tc Chkor Kalzang Gelek, mt v lnh o a phng y nng lc, ngi ang hy vng l chu gi ca mnh s tr thnh phi ngu ca Dodrupchen. Bi vic ny, Dodrupchen nhanh chng khi hnh i Tartsedo (hin nay gi l Kanding), li vic xy dng gompa cho cc t. Ngi lu li v sng quanh Tartsedo nh mt trong nhng thy gio ca vua x Chakla. Nm 1863, nhiu ngi Tartsedo cht trong mt trn dch u ma. Dodrupchen ht sc au bun bi ni kh m ngi dn ang phi gnh chu trong th trn. chm dt au kh, ngi nhn bnh dch vo mnh. Ngay khi ngi mc bnh, bnh dch chm dt trong th trn. Ngi ni: Trong i ny, ta c rt nhiu vn do cc ph n. i sau, ta s ti sinh lm mt ngi thm ch khng nhn thy mt mt ngi n b. (Tlku ca ngi l Jigme Tenpe Nyima, mt tu s rt nghim ngt.) Sau ngi ni: Mt yog (hnh gi) nn cht nh mt con ch i lc, v nm trn mt ng ph Tartsedo, hng u dc xung, ngi th tch. Chng bao lu Do Khyentse n vi con trai l Rikpe Raltri. Do Khyentse ht to trc nhc thn ca Dodrupchen: V sao ngi cht nh mt con ch i lc? v ngi vo t thi. T thi ca Dodrupchen ngi dy trong t th thin nh nh th ngi cn sng v an tr trong thin nh trong mt tun. Khi cu b ba tui Rikpe Raltri nhn thy xc ca Dodrupchen ngi dy, cu cm thy chong vng, v s chong vng nh thc s chng ng bn tnh ti thng trong cu. T tr i, Rikpe Raltri lun lun ni: Lt ma siu vit ca ta l Dodrupchen Jigme Phntsok Jungne. Nhc thn ca Dodrupchen c ha thiu, v di ct c mang tr v Dodrupchen Gompa v c gi gn trong mt bo thp bng vng cho ti cuc bin ng chnh tr nm 1959. Trong s cc ha thn ca Dodrupchen nh c Jigme Tenpe Nyima, Dodrupchen tam, Pema Norbu Knzang Tendzin nh (1887-1932) ca Tu vin Palyl, Tlku Drachen (mt nm 1959?) ca Tu vin Lauthang, v Tsangpe Se Tlku ca Tu vin Dzika. Cng c mt cu chuyn k rng Jamyang Zhepa ng (1916-1946) ca Tu vin Labrang l mt ha thn ca Dodrupchen.

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JAMYANG KHYENTSE WANGPO 1820-1892

Theo truyn thng Nyingma, Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo258 l ha thn v thn ca Jigme Lingpa.259 Ngi tr thnh mt trong nhng o s v i nht, ni ngi mi dng truyn tha ca Pht Gio Ty Tng tm thy ch t hi. Ngi tr thnh mt nh truyn b li lc ca Nyingma, Sakya, Kagy, v nhng dng gio l khc. Ngi c nhng ngi theo phi Nyingma xc nhn l ti sinh ca Jigme Lingpa (17301798) v nhng ngi theo phi Sakya xc nhn l ti sinh ca Nesar Khyentse (1524-?) v Thartse Champa Namkha Chi-me. L Jigme Lingpa, ngi cng l hin l ca Vua Trisong Detsen, Vimalamitra, v nhiu o s khc. Ngi l o s ca mi ba dng truyn tha v c coi l mt trong nm v vua trong mt trm terton chnh yu ca truyn thng Nyingma. Ngi cng c gi l Dorje Ziji, Pema Do-ngak Lingpa, Jigpa Mepe De, Tsokye Lama Gyepe Bang, Kunkhyen Lama Gyepe Bang, Jigme Khyentse Dkar, Manjughosha, v Knga Tenpe Gyaltsen. Ngi sinh gn Khyungchen Trak trong mt gia nh thuc b tc Ny thuc lng Dilgo trong Thung lng Terlung x Dege gia nhng du hiu k diu vo ngy mng nm thng su nm Kim Thn thuc Rabjung th mi bn (1820). Thn ph ngi l Rinchen Wangyal, mt nh hnh chnh ca Cung in Dege, v thn mu l Snamtso c gc gc Mng C. C ln thn ph ngi hi Dodrupchen nht l ng c nn tr thnh mt tu s khng. Dodrupchen tr li: ng tr thnh mt tu s. Nu ng khng tr thnh mt tu s v lp gia nh, mt tlku v i s sinh lm con ca ng. Tlku s tr thnh mt ngun mch v i mang li li lc cho Gio Php v chng sinh. T thi th u, ngi c th nh li nhng i trc ca ngi, v ngi ta c th nhn thy Ekajat v Mahkala trong hnh tng v trong nhng nng lc quanh ngi bo v ngi. Nm ln tm ngi bt u hc ting Ty Tng, thut chim tinh, y hc, v nhng mn hc khc vi thn ph ngi v Lamen Chtrak Gyatso. Ngi rt thng tu, v

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ngi hon thin vic hc thuc lng v hc vit khng cht kh khn. Ngi cng thu hiu ngha ca nhng bn vn su xa ch bng cch c chng. Mt hm khi ngi b bnh nng, trong mt linh kin ngi c Guru Rinpoche v Yeshe Tsogyal ban qun nh Vajrakla, v nhng iu chng ngi cho i ngi c lng du. Nm ngi khong mi mt tui, ngi i ti Tu vin Kathok, v ch ngi tn l Moktn t tn cho ngi l Jigme Khyentse Dkar, iu cho thy ngi l tlku ca Jigme Lingpa. Nm mi hai tui, Thartse Khenpo Kn-ga Tenzin (1776-?) xc nhn ngi l tlku ca v Thy v ch ngi, Ngor Thartse Khenchen Champa Namkha Chi-me, mt i Khenpo ca Tu vin Ngor min Trung Ty Tng v l ngi sau ny ging dy v mt ti Lhundrup Teng Dege. Kn-ga Tenzin t tn cho ngi l Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo Knga Tenpe Gyaltsen. Nm mi lm tui, trong mt linh kin thanh tnh, ngi i ti Bodhgay (B o trng) v c ph chc nhng kho tng gio l Prajnpramit (Bt Nh Ba La Mt) v Anuttaratantra ca Manjushrmitra. Trc cha Bodhgay, ngi tnh ha nhng nhim ca thn th nng bng cch thiu t v chuyn ha n thnh mt thn thanh tnh ging nh thn ca Vimalamitra. Nm mi su tui, trong mt linh kin, ngi i ti Zangdok Palri, v t Guru Rinpoche, cng hi chng dkin, ngi nhn s gii thiu vo ba thn Pht v tin tri rng ngi s tr thnh ngi nhn by dng (bKa Babs bDun). Sau Guru Rinpoche v cc dkin tan bin vo Khyentse v ni rng: Duy tr gic tnh ni ti rng rang trn tri, Khng b hoen bi nhng i tng bm chp Hoc khng b nhim bi nhng t tng bm chp L th kin ca ch Pht. Nm mi tm tui ngi i ti n tht ca Tu vin Zhechen, hc Phn ng, thi ca v nhng ch khc vi Gyurme Thutop ca Tu vin Zhechen. Nm mi chn tui, t Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku ngi nhn nhng trao truyn gio kha Longchen Nyingthig vi nhng du hiu k diu. Sau Lt ma Norbu, mt t ca Dodrupchen nht, gii thiu cho ngi bn tnh ca tm trong khi trao truyn nhng gio l ca c Pht A Di do Dodrupchen khm ph. Thm ch trong phn sau ca i ngi, Khyentse Wangpo cng ni: Trong vic chng ng bn tnh ca tm th khng c g tin b hn iu ngi chng ng khi . Nm hai mi tui, theo khn cu ca Thartse Khenpo, ngi i ti Tu vin Ngor min Trung Ty Tng. ngi khm ph nhiu gio l v nhng vt nh terma t. Chng gm c Thugje Chenpo Semnyi Ngalso, c khm ph ti Tragmar Drinzang; Lama Kuzhi Drupthap ti Damsh Nyingtrung; Tsasum Gyutrl Trawa ti Singu Yutso; v Tsasum Chid ti Yarlung Sheltrak. Nm hai mi mt tui, ngi th gii c tc t Khenpo Rigdzin Wangpo ti tu vin Mindroling min Trung Ty Tng. Ngi nhn nhng gii nguyn B tm t Sangye Kn-ga, v h tr Php ta th by ca Mindroling. Trc hai pho tng Jowo ti in Jokhang Lhasa, nhng ht go ngi nm khi cng dng lp tc bin thnh nhng bng hoa trng, v mt trm ngn n b

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chy bng ln m khng cn thp. Trong khi ngi c nhng li cu nguyn cho s li lc ca nhng ngi khc th mt s ngi xin ngi c nguyn cho bn thn ngi. Ngi ni: Khng c ngi lnh o no y [trong ta] hay ngi phc v no , Khng c k th no khut phc hay bn hu no bo v, mt ni c tch, bng cch iu phc tm ca ring ta, Cu mong ta thnh tu nhng cng hnh bao la ca ch v B Tt. Nm hai mi bn tui, ti Oyuk, k c ca ngi v vic ngi tng l Chetsn Senge Wangchuk v s thnh tu thn nh sng xy ra sau ca s i chuyn ha c nh thc, v ngi khm ph gio l Chetsn Nyingthig su xa. Ngi thc hin mt chuyn hnh hng xa rng nh mt n s Tsang, Ngari, v min Trung Ty Tng. Ti nhiu ni ngi tri gic nhng hnh tng nh nhng v Pht hay o s ch thc, v ngi nhn thy nhng linh kin thanh tnh v c nhng chng ng. Cui nm hai mi bn tui, ngi tr v Kham v nghin cu cc gio l ca truyn thng Ngor ti Tu vin Dzongsar Tashi Lhatse. Nm hai mi chn tui, ngi i ti min Trung Ty Tng mt ln na trong ba nm. Ti Gegye Changdrok, khi ngi ang nhn gia h t Guru Rinpoche trong mt linh kin thanh tnh, ngi khm ph Sangdrup Tsokye Nyingthig nh terma tm. Ti Samye, ngi nhn thy tng Tsokye Dorje t bin thnh Guru Rinpoche thc s v tan bin vo ngi. Kt qu l ngi khm ph Tsokye Nyingthig. Nm ba mi mt tui, trong khi ngi ang thin nh v c Tr Trng, ngi c linh kin v Tr. Kt qu l ngi khm ph Phagme Nyingthig. Nm bn mi tui, l kt qu ca mt linh kin thanh tnh, ngi nhn nhng gia h t Guru Rinpoche, iu khin ngi nhn thy tt c nhng tertn v mi gio l terma xut hin trong qu kh, ang xut hin, hay s xut hin trong tng lai Ty Tng. T ngi tr thnh o s ca tt c nhng terma. T Khenpo Pema Dorje ngi nhn nhiu s trao truyn trong c Longchen Nyingthig, Gyutrl Zhitro, Dpa Do, v mi by tantra. Ngoi ra, t Dzogchen Rinpoche t ngi nhn nhng gio l ngndro thng thng v phi thng ca Longchen Nyingthig. Ngi cng nhn cc trao truyn Longchen Nyingthig t Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku v Jetsn Snam Chokden. Sau ngi nhn nhng gio l ca tt c nhng dng truyn tha hin hu Ty Tng t khong mt trm nm mi Lt ma trong hn mi ba nm. Ngi nghin cu hay nhn nhng s trao truyn ca hn by trm quyn sch. Chng bao gm cc truyn thng Nyingma, Kadam, Sakya, Drikung, Taklung, Kamtsang, Drukpa, v nhng truyn thng khc. Cc v Thy chnh ca ngi l Trichen Tashi Rinchen ca Sakya, Thartse Kn-ga Tendzin (1776-?), Champa Naljor, v Ngawang Lektrup ca Ngor trong Tnh Tsang min ty, Trichen Gyurme Sangye v Jetsn Thrinle Chdron ca Tu vin Mindroling, v Lhatsun Rinpoche ca Tu vin Drepung Tnh , v Zhechen Gyurme Thutop, Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku, Migyur Namkhe Dorje, Khenpo Pema Dorje, v Kongtrl Lodr Thaye ca Tnh Kham min ng.

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Ngi thnh tu mi iu ngi nghin cu. Tuy nhin, theo Kyabje Dilgo Khyentse, thc hnh chnh ca Khyentse Wangpo l php guru yoga ca Longchen Nyingthig.260 Ngi lp Tu vin Dzongsar Tashi Lhatse thuc truyn thng Sakya Dege lm tr x chnh ca ngi v xy dng li n sau khi b lc lng Nyakrong ph hy. Theo truyn thng Nyingma, ngi nhn nhng trao truyn hay tr thnh ngi nhn lnh by dng (bKa Babs bDun) gio l: 1. Ngi nhn s trao truyn ca cc Tantra (Mt in) C v Mt in Mi. 2. Ngi khm ph nhiu kho tng t (Sa gTer). 3. Ngi khm ph li nhiu kho tng t c cc tertn trc khm ph. 4. Ngi khm ph nhiu kho tng tm (dGongs gTer). 5. Ngi khm ph li hay nh thc nhiu kho tng tm c nhng tertn trc khm ph. 6. Ngi khm ph nhiu gio l Linh kin Thanh tnh (Dag sNang). 7. Ngi nhn nhng gio l khu truyn (sNyan brGyud) trong linh kin thanh tnh t nhiu bc linh thnh. Dodrupchen tam, ngi hc vi ngi, m t nhng kinh nghim ring ca mnh v Khyentse Wangpo: D ngi sng u, mt mi thm tht m v ngt ngo trn ngp nhng vng ln cn, ngi ta tin rng l du hiu ca vic ngi tr gi nghim nht gii lut. Ngay c mt c ng ca nhng ngn tay ca ngi cng gy truyn cm hng v y ngha, v mi ngi tr nn bt lc khng th hiu ni mi c ch ngi lm. D ngi sng u, qu v lun lun cm thy mt hi nng d chu, nh th t mt ngn la trong cn gi lnh. Nhiu ngi nhn thy ngi trong nhng thn tng khc nhau ca ch Pht hay cc o s trc y. D ang ma no, khi c s hin din ca ngi, ngi ta lun lun c cm tng ang sng trong s vui v v thnh vng ca ma h. Ngi c bit chm sc nhng ngi ngho v tr chuyn vi h tht du dng. Nhng ngi kiu ngo v d tn ni danh l gan d trnh xa ngi m khng dm nhn li, nh nhng ngi vt ngc, hay quy phc nh th u h b ri xung t. ng trc ngi, mi o s v i hay nhng ngi quyn th tr nn v ngha v khim tn. Ngi khim tn, trung thc, v tt lnh. Ngi thin xo v nhng gi tr o c th tc ln Gio Php. Trc ngi, khng ai dm biu l nhng li nnh nt hay di tr. Ngi ging dy tt c nhng loi hi chng vi s xc quyt ln lao, nh mt con s t gia nhng con th khc. Gia tp hi cc t, ngi gin d v ha ng vi tt c, v ngi ni ng lc v trong mt khong thi gian thch ng. L l ca ngi nhanh nh mt con sng xung mt ngn ni dc. Ging ni ca ngi y ngp khng gian nh th nhng con sng ca i dng. i khi ngi ging dy m khng quan tm ti vic dng ba. Bi s vi v ca cc t v gnh nng ca vic ging dy, i khi nhng ngi khch phi ch i hng tun hay thm

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ch hng thng gp ngi, nhng mi ngi u cm thy hoan h trong khi ch i ngi. Khyentse Wangpo xy dng nhiu ngi cha v th vin, v truyn cm hng cho hng ngn ngi thc hin nhng hot ng v li lc ca Php. Ngi t lm khong hai ngn pho tng, sao chp khong hai ngn quyn sch Kinh in, khc bn g cho khong bn mi quyn sch, lm hn mt trm tng bng ng m vng, v sa cha nhiu n i v tu vin c tnh cht lch s. Trong nhiu thp nin ngi ban cc gio l v nhng trao truyn cho cc t ca nhng truyn thng khc nhau. V d nh ngi ban nhng qun nh Vajrasattva do Minling Terchen khm ph khong nm mi ln v nhng qun nh v gio hun ca Longchen Nyingthig khong hai mi ln. Nm by mi ba tui, vo u thng ging nm Thy Thn (1892), ngi ni ngi c nhn thy c Pht A Di gia mt i dng cc t. Sau khi hon tt mt bui l trang nghim vo ngy hai mi lm thng ging, ngi ni vi v thy cng dng (mChod dPon) ca ngi: T nay tr i ng khng phi lm g na. Ngy hm sau ngi bt u biu l v au yu. Cc t ca ngi hi: Chng con nn tng nhng bi cu nguyn no ngi c trng th? Ngi tr li: Khng. Khong ngy hai mi thng ti ta s hi phc. Khi h ni n, ngi ni; Nu cc ng tng cng nhiu cng tt thn ch mt trm m ca c Vajrasattva th tht tuyt vi. Sau vo sng ngy hai mi mt thng hai, ngi ra tay v ni: By gi hy ly i mi th trn bn ca ta. Mi vic ca ta hon tt. Ri c rt nhiu nhng li cu nguyn kit tng, ngi nm nhng ht hoa, l mt du hiu ca s hon tt. Sau ngy hm , ngi rt vo s rng ln ca tm gic ng ca Vimalamitra. vng ln cn c nhng trn ng t nh nhng. Ngay c sau khi ngi mt, gng mt ngi trng sng ngi nh vng trng. Thn ngi tr nn nh nh th lm bng bng. Cc t Nyingma chnh yu ca ngi c lit k trong cy truyn tha ( cui sch). Trong s nhng ngi theo dng Sakya c Sakya Dakchen, ba Jetsnma ca Sakya, Kn-ga Tenzin ca Ngor, Thartse Zhaptrung, Zhalu Losal Tenkyong, v Ngor Thartse Pnlop Loter Wangpo (1847-1914). Trong s cc ngi theo phi Kagy c Karmapa th mi bn v mi lm, Taklung Ma Rinpoche, Situ Pema Nyinche (1774-1853), Dazang Tlku, Dokhampa, Pandita Karma Ngedn, Kongtrl Ynten Gyatso (1813-1899), v Samding Dorje Phagmo. Trong s nhng ngi theo phi Geluk c Knchog Tenpa Rabgye ca Tashi Khyil, Lhatsn Tndrup Gyaltsen, Hor Khangsar Kyabgn, v Lithang Champa Phntsok. Khyentse Wangpo ng thi hin l nhiu ha thn. l Chkyi Wangpo (1894-1909) ca Tu vin Dzongsar, Chkyi Lodr (1893-1959) ca Tu vin Kathok, Karma Khyentse zer (1896-1945) ca Tu vin Palpung (Beri), Guru Tsewang (1897-?) ca Tu vin Dzogchen, Knzang Drodl Dechen Dorje (1897-1946) ca Tu vin Dza Palme, v Dilgo Khyentse Tashi Paljor (1910-1991) ca Tu vin Zhechen. Trong s cc ngi, Kathok Khyentse Chkyi Lodr l v Thy kit xut nht. Sau khi Dzongsar Khyentse mt, Kathok Khyentse di chuyn v Tu vin Dzongsar, tr x ca Khyentse Wangpo trc , v t Kathok Khyentse c gi l Dzongsar Khyentse. T u thp nin 1960, Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, mt thn mt mnh

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duy tr truyn thng c nht v nh ca cc ha thn Khyentse, truyn b Gio Php khng mt mi n , Bhutan, Nepal, Ty Tng, v Ty phng.

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NYOSHL LUNGTOK TENPE NYIMA 1829 - 1901/2 261

NYOSHL Lungtok Tenpe Nyima262 l mt trong nhng o s thin nh v i nht ca Dzogpa Chenpo (i Vin mn) trong dng Longchen Nyingthig. Ngi l t chng ng v i nht ca Paltrl Rinpoche. C mt cu tc ng: Nu khng c Lungtok, Paltrl khng c con. Ngi c coi l tlku (ti sinh) ca Shntarakshita, Kong-nyon Bepe Naljor, v Jewn Kntrl Namgyal. Ngi sinh ra trong b lc Nyoshl thuc dng Mukpo Dong, l con trai ca Chsung Tadrin. Ngi tu hc vi Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye, Khenchen Pema Dorje, Dzogchen Rinpoche t, v v sau hc vi Khyentse Wangpo. Ngi c ngi Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye cho th gii xut gia v ban php danh l Lungtok Tenpe Nyima. V Thy gc (bn s) ca Lungtok l ngi Paltrl Rinpoche. Khi sng vi Paltrl hai mi nm khng cht ngn cch, ngi nhn lnh s truyn dy nhng gio l khc nhau v c bit l gio l Nyingthig ca Longchen Rabjam v Jigme Lingpa. Ngi nhn nhng gio hun v gio l Trekch v c gii thiu s thun tnh nguyn thy hin din nh bn tnh ti hu ca mi hin hu hin tng. Ngi th nhn cc gio hun v gio l Thgal, gii thiu cho ngi nhng s xut hin chi ngi l ba thn Pht. Cng vi Paltrl Rinpoche, ngi sng khong mi nm quanh cc tr x ca Dodrupchen cc thung lng Ser v Do. Ti rng Ari trong Thung lng Do cch Tu vin Dodrupchen hin ti vi dm, Lungtok v thy Paltrl sng n c vi nhau trong su thng. Mt bao nh y tsampa lm thc phm, b qun o ang mc, v i quyn sch l nhng vt s hu duy nht ca cc ngi. Vo bui tra, cc ngi t li v dng mt t tsampa. Ri cc ngi ct bao tsampa vo mt gc cy v mc n cho ti ngy hm sau. Sau ngi Paltrl ging cho Lungtok mt hai cu k trong Bodhicharyvatra (Nhp B Tt Hnh). Khng lu sau , nhiu t ti Rng Ari, v Paltrl bt u ging Ngalso Korsum v Ynten Dz v nhng gio l khc. Ngi Paltrl ban mt gio l, 185

sau t thin nh v n trong rng trong nhiu ngy. Ban u h c mt t tsampa dng mi ngy, nhng chng bao lu tsampa cn kit. Sau h thu lm thc n dnh cho ch ca dn du c hay thc phm c b li, v nh h sng thm mt thi gian na. H khng mun i quanh lu tri ca ngi du c kht thc, nhng rt vui thch c sng bng nhng g h vt b. Trong Rng Ari, mt ngy kia ngi Paltrl hi Lungtok: ng c nh m ng khng? Lungtok ni: Khng nhiu lm, tha thy. Ngi Paltrl ni: l bi ng khng thin nh v lng bi. By gi hy i ti nhng cy liu kia v thin nh v nhn ra tnh mu t v tng nh lng tt ca b m trong by ngy. Lungtok thin nh nh ngi Paltrl ch dy, v B tm ca lng t v bi pht trin t nhin trong ngi m khng cn n lc no na. Trong Rng Ari, sau cc gio l ca Paltrl, Lungtok thin nh v ngha ca Ngi ngh trong Bn tnh Huyn ha (Gyuma Ngalso) ca Longchen Rabjam. Nhng nim ca ngi v s bm chp nhng thc th thc s hin hu b sp , v mi hin hu hin tng xut hin nh ci g khng thc nh nhng o tng. Sau ny Khenpo Ngachung hi ngi: c phi l mt s chng ng khng? Ngi tr li: Khng, nhng l mt kinh nghim hay (Nyams). Cng vi Paltrl, Lungtok ri Golok i ti Tu vin Dzogchen. Lungtok thc hin mt cuc nhp tht ba nm ti Kangtr gn Tu vin Dzogchen cu nguyn cho s trng th ca Dzogchen Rinpoche t. Ngi khng c nhiu thc phm dng, cng khng c y phc ngoi tr nhng chic y. Ngi dng mt hn phng lm gi ngi trong k nhp tht ba nm. Sau Lungtok vi ngi Paltrl ti n tht Nakchung gn Tu vin Dzogchen. Mi ngy lc chng vng ti, Paltrl thc hin mt thi kha thin nh v s tu tp ca Namkha Sumtruk, nm dui nga trn mt tm thm len mi trn mt khonh c bng kch thc ca ngi. Mt bui ti, trong khi Paltrl ang nm nh thng l, ngi hi Lungtok: Lungche [Lung thn mn]! ng ni rng ng khng hiu c chn tnh ca tm ? Lungtok tr li: Vng, tha ngi, con khng hiu. Paltrl ni: , c g m khng hiu. Li y. Th l Lungtok i ti ch v thy. Paltrl ni: Nm xung nh ta v nhn bu tri. Khi Lungtok nm xung, cuc i thoi tip tc nh sau: ng c thy nhng ngi sao trn tri? D c ng c nghe ting ch sa trong Tu vin Dzogchen [ mt qung xa]? D c Tt, l thin nh. Ngay lc , Lungtok t c xc tn trong s t chng. Ngi c gii thot khi nhng gng cm nim ca n l hay n khng l. Ngi chng ng tr tu nguyn s, s hp nht trn tri ca tnh Khng v gic tnh ni ti, Tm Pht. Lungtok v nhng Php hu qu mn ca ngi, Tendzin Norbu, Khenpo Knchok zer, Minyak Kunzang Snam, v Naktha Tlku khn cu ngi Paltrl cho php h c tip tc lm nhng n s lang thang trong phn i cn li ca h. Nhng ngi Paltrl b nhim Knchok zer lm mt khenpo ca Tu vin Dzogchen; ngi bo Tendzin Norbu ging dy ti Tu vin Gemang, cn ba ngi kia tr v qu hng v duy tr nhng n tht. V th Lungtok tr v qu hng v tr trong nhiu n tht, nhng chnh yu l ti mt n tht c tn l Jnpa Lung.

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Ti n tht Shuku Shar, Lungtok thin nh v Bodhicharyvatra trong mi nm v v Ngalso Korsum trong ba nm. V sau, ngi ni vi v diu ct: Sut mi ba nm phng chiu v thu thc t tng, ti c gng g p t tng ca mnh khin chng khng th tng trng. Nu ti thin nh v Dzogpa Chenpo ngay t u th by gi ti c th chng ng mt ci thy v thin nh tt p. Nm 1883, khi ngi n tht Gyaduk, mt b trai nm tui c ngi cha a ti gp ngi. B trai y sau ny l Khenpo Ngawang Palzang (1879-1941), ngi h tr dng truyn tha chnh ca ngi. Khong nm 1895, Lungtok di chuyn ti Pema Ritho v thit lp mt khu tri ca nhng n s, v Ngawang Palzang chnh thc tr thnh t ca ngi bng s tu tp ngndro v nhng gio l khc cng nhiu ngi khc. Ngi Lungtok ni: Ti cha tng lm iu g nghch li li ch dy ca Paltrl Rinpoche, tr mt iu l ngi bo ti ng dy Dzogpa Chenpo trc nm mi tui. Sau , nu c th, ti nn dy n. Nhng trc nm mi tui, ti dy cht t cho npo Tenzin Norbu khi ng ta ni n. V th samaya ca ti vi v thy ca ti l mt dy xch vng khng t on. Sau ny, ngi bo cc t: Nu cc ng thin nh ng n, nhng thin gi xut sc nht s tin b mi ngy, cc thin gi trung bnh s tin b mi thng, v cc thin gi km hn s tin b mi nm. i vi vic thin nh, iu quan trng l phi hiu r nhng thin xo ct yu [gNad] ca s thin nh. Cho d cc ng thin nh, nu khng c tin b th l du hiu cho thy cc ng thiu s hiu bit v nhng thin xo ct yu ca s thin nh. Trong sut i ngi, ngi chia s nhng gio l ca Paltrl vi tt c nhng ai n vi ngi, v c bit l sau tui nm mi, ngi ban gio l Dzogpa Chenpo. Tuy nhin, ging nh Paltrl Rinpoche, ngi kh khn khi ban bt k s trao truyn l qun nh no ngoi tr ban cho Sershl Khenpo Ngawang v Anye Khenpo Tamch ca Tu vin Dodrupchen, Lt ma Ngawang Tendzin, Lt ma Dorli, Khenpo Ngawang Palzang, v mt qun nh kama ti Khangtsik Gar. Ngi vit mt gio hun chi tit v thin nh Trekch cho Nyakla Rangrik, khi y ng ta ang Trung Ty Tng, v ngi yu cu ng t n i sau khi c. Nyakla Rangrik t gio hun ny theo li dy ca v thy, nhng s gi nhn thy n dc ng v sao chp trc khi n ti tay Nyakla Rangrik. Nhiu tc phm gy kinh ngc ca Khenpo Ngawang Palzang cng chnh l nhng li ging ca Nyoshl Lungtok, c ngun gc t Paltrl Rinpoche. Ngi Nyoshl Lungtok th tch ngy hai mi lm thng nm, nm Mc Ngu thuc Rabjung th mi lm (1925) tui by mi hai. Khi y, nh sng cu vng un cong trn u, mt trn ma hoa nh nhng ri, v ngi ta nghe c ting m nhc du dng. Sau l ha thiu, x li xut hin t tro tn nh nhng du hiu ca s thnh tu v l i tng knh ngng cho cc t ca ngi. Ha thn ca ngi l Shedrup Tenpe Nyima (1920-?).

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NPO TENDZIN NORBU

TH K MI CHN

NPO Tendzin Norbu263 l mt trong nhng hc gi v i nht trong nhng t thn thit nht ca Paltrl Rinpoche. Ngi cng c gi l npo Tenli hay Tenga. Ngi l mt npo (chu trai) ca Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye (1800-?). Ngi nghin cu Madhyamakakarika (Trung Qun Lun Tng), Domsum, Bodhicharyvatra (Nhp B Tt Hnh), Semnyi Ngalso, Ynten Dz, Guhyagarbha-tantra, sal Nyingpo Gy, v nhiu bn vn khc vi Thy Paltrl. c bit l ti Tramalung Dzachukha, Paltrl dy ngi v mt vi t gio l i Vin mn, bt u t nhng tu tp chun b duy nht v nhng tu tp chnh yu Trekch v Thgal, tng bc mt v ph hp vi nhng kinh nghim tu tp ca cc t. Paltrl khng ch dy t m bn thn ngi cn tham d vic tu tp. Sau ny, Tendzin Norbu ni vi Dodrupchen tam: Trc y, ti n lc thin nh v i Vin mn v dy n cho ngi khc, nhng y ch l nhng nim tng qut. Nhng t khi chng ta c o to Tramalung, ti ngh rng ti c mt hiu bit ton ho v s chng ng i Vin mn. Ngi mun tr thnh mt n s lang thang, nhng Paltrl Rinpoche khuyn ngi ging dy ti Tu vin Gemang Dzachukha, v ngi lm nh th trong phn i cn li ca ngi. Ngi ni vi cc t: Ti sao chng ta khng th thc hnh Php? l bi ta khng tin vo nghip. Nu chng ta tin tng nghip, chng ta s tr nn ging nh Abu nhn t ca ti [s huynh, Paltrl]. T nm 1883, Paltrl Rinpoche khng ging dy cho i chng na. Bt k ai ti gp ngi, ngi gi h ti Tendzin Norbu hc Php. Sau khi Paltrl th tch, npo Tendzin Norbu lo vic t chc tang l. Ngi cng thu thp nhng tc phm ca Paltrl v sp xp thnh su quyn.

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ADZOM DRUKPA DRODL PAWO DORJE 1842 1924

ADZOM Drukpa Drodul Pawo Dorje264 l mt trong nhng v h tr dng truyn tha v nh truyn b v i nht ca gio l Longchen Nyingthig. Ngi cng c gi l Natsok Rangtrl. Ngi sinh ngy mi lm thng su nm Thy Dn thuc Rabjung th mi bn (1842). Thn ph ngi l Atra c gc gc Mng C. Ngi c Tri-me Zhingkyong Chkyi Dorje xc nhn l tlku ca Adzom Sangye Tashi, v cng c Gyalwa Changchup Trom xc nhn l mt tlku ca Pema Karpo (1526-1592), o s ni ting ca phi Drukpa Kagy. V th ngi c gi l Adzom Drukpa. Ngi c ntrul Thutop Namgyal Zhechen ban gii nguyn quy y. Khi ngi mi ba tui, ti Tu vin Kathok, Kathok Situ Chkyi Lodr nht dy ngi ngndro Dorje Nyingpo. Nh thc hnh php ny, ngi pht trin mt kinh nghim mnh m v s v thng ca cuc i, v ngi ch trng vic thin nh v s tnh ha trong mt s nm. Sau t Kathok Situ, ngi nhn cc gio l tsalung v i Vin mn. Nm hai mi mt tui, ngi chng ng chn tnh ca tm, gic tnh ni ti. T cho ti nm ba mi bn tui, ngi tp trung vo vic thin nh v vic an tr trong bn tnh chng ng ca gic tnh ni ti v t c giai on thnh tu ti thng. Situ Chkyi Lodr cng ban cho ngi qun nh Do Gongpa Dpa, Gio kha Khakhyap Rangtrl v nhiu qun nh khc. Ngi phng s Pema Ddl (18161872) x Nyak-rong, ngi m cui cng t c thn cu vng, v ngi nhn nhng gio l ca gio kha Khakhyap Rangtrl v nhiu gio l khc. T lc , ph hp vi li khuyn dy mnh m ca Pema Ddl, Adzom Drukpa gi mi tc di v mc y phc Mt tha. T Gyatrl Do-ngag Tendzin ngi nhn nhng trao truyn ca gio kha Namch v Zhitro Gongpa Rangtrl. T Alak Chush Tsang, ngi nhn cc gio l 189

Changchup Lamrim ca truyn thng Geluk v nghin cu nhiu tc phm ca Je Tsongkhapa, cc gio l ny lm sng sa nhiu vn ca ngi. T Khyentse Wangpo ngi nhn Nyingthig Yabzhi, Longchen Nyingthig, Khandro Sangwa Knd, Gongpa Zangthal, v nhiu trao truyn khc. T Kongtrl Yonten Gyatso ngi nhn Rinchen Terdz v Kagy Ngakdz. T Khenpo Pema Badzar ngi nhn cc gio l v Lama Yangtig. T Paltrl Rinpoche ngi nhn cc gio l v Kunzang Lame Zhalung (Li Vng ca Thy ti), Yeshe Lama, v nhiu gio l khc. T Nyoshl Lungtok ngi nhn gio l v Ngalso Korsum. T Ju Mipham, ngi nhn nhng gii thch v Deshek Nyingp Tongthn, Ngeshe Drnme, v nhng gio l khc. Sut trong phn cui cuc i ngi, ngi ging dy nhng Lt ma v i ca cc tu vin Kathok, Dzogchen, Zhechen, v Palyl. Ngi bin tp v xut bn nhiu bn vn Nyingma quan trng, trong c ton b tc phm v gio l terma ca Longchen Rabjam v Jigme Lingpa. Ngi khm ph nhiu gio l nh terma di tn sal Dorje Sangdz (Kho tng Chi li Kim cng). Ngi thit lp tr x chnh ca ngi ti Tashi Dungkar Khyil, V c X c Xon c Tt lnh, m thng c gi l Adzom Chgar, Tri Php ca Adzom. Nm tm mi ba tui (1924), vi nhng du hiu k diu gm cc vng nh sng, nhng tia sng, v nhng m thanh khc nhau, ngi tan bin vo nn tng ti thng. Ngi c hai con trai, Gyurme Dorje (cng c gi l Agyur Rinpoche, 1895?1959?), mt o s i Vin mn v i, v Pema Wangyal, v mt con gi l Semo Chi-med. Tlku ca ngi, Druktrl Rinpoche (sinh nm 1926), vn cn sng ti Adzom Chgar Kham.

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25

LUSHL KHENPO KNCHOK DRNME 1859 1936

KHENPO Knchok Drnme265 (Knme) l mt trong bn i khenpo ni danh ca Tu vin Dodrupchen. Ngi l mt o s uyn bc v bc lo thng thnh tu. Khenpo cng c gi l Lushl Khenpo, Dowa Khenpo, Knme Khenpo, v Lobzang Knkhyap. Ngi c coi l tlku ca Tri Kongthang Tenpe Drnme (1762-1823) ca Tu vin Labrang. Khenpo sinh nm Th Mi thuc Rabjung th mi bn (1859) trong nhm b tc Lushl Dzachukha trong mt gia nh di c t Thung lng Do Golok. T thi th u, ngi c kh nng thin ph l ch cn nghe mt ln vi mt ci lic mt l c th thu sut cc bn vn. T Paltrl Rinpoche ngi nhn nhiu gio l, trong c Bodhicharyvatra (Nhp B Tt hnh). Mt hm ngi i gp Paltrl Rinpoche, ngi ang trong mt ci lu nh gn mt gia nh c chic lu ln. Vo lc Paltrl khng tip mi ngi, v gia nh c nhiu ch d khng cho ai li gn. Nhng d th no i na th Khenpo cng khng dng li. Ngi ln i dc theo mt ci rnh hp v chy ti lu ca Paltrl m khng b ngi v ch pht hin. Paltrl dng cm v thng thn, nhng Khenpo th khng s hi. Paltrl ni: ng l mt tn trm hay i loi nh th? Khenpo ni: Vng, Abu Tsang [Bc Trng lo]! Con mun n trm mt t gio hun vng rng ca ngi. Paltrl thch nhng ngi ni nng thng thn v dng cm hn l nhng li l c tnh cch ngoi giao, l php, hay xu nnh, v th Khenpo nhn c cu tr li cho nhng cu hi ca ngi. Trong khi Khenpo vi Paltrl, Paltrl cng hon thnh bc tng cu nguyn khng l bng ni ting ca ngi v nhng ht gia tr ca Khyentse Wangpo trong l hin cng ri xung bc tng . Vi npo Tendzin Norbu, Khenpo nghin cu bnh ging hai quyn sch Ynten Rinpoche Dz. Chng bao lu cng vi gia nh, khi i theo Dodrupchen tam, Khenpo tr v Thung lng Do, qu hng ca t tin ngi. Vi Gyawa Dongak Gyatso, mt t chnh ca Zhapkar Tsoktruk Rangtrl v Paltrl Rinpoche, ngi nghin cu hu ht

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nhng bn vn i tha ca Asanga (V Trc), Ngrjuna (Long Th), Chandrakrti (Nguyt Xng), Dharmakrti (Php Xng), v Dignga (Trn Na) v nhiu bn vn Mt tha khc. Sau ny ngi cng nhn nhiu s trao truyn su xa v nhng gio hun t Dodrupchen tam. Khenpo tr thnh mt i hc gi v nhng bn vn Kinh tha v Mt tha ca c hai truyn thng Nyingma v Geluk. Ngi cng bit v y hc v bn rn chn on v tng thuc min ph cho dn chng a phng. Ngi uyn bc v khoa chim tinh cng nh thin vn hc. Bn Tn bo h chnh yu ca ngi l Chakrasamvara ca truyn thng i Thnh tu gi Luyipa. Ngi tr tng hn ba trm triu thn ch ca Chakrasamvara. Ngi ni danh v vic t c huyn thn (sGyu Lus) nh thc hnh Chakrasamvara. Mt bc thnh tu huyn thn c th chuyn ha tm ngi thnh thn thing ling ca Bn Tn v du hnh ti nhng ci tnh khc nhau v sau quay tr li thn bnh thng ca ngi. Tuy nhin, Khenpo khng cng khai tha nhn thnh tu nh th v ch ni: Bi lng sng m mnh lit ca ti, bt k khi no ti nh ti Bn Tn bo h ca ti, ti lp tc cm thy mt s h lc lm dng tc gy. Ti v cng hi lng vi mt thnh tu nh th. Ngi c nhiu linh kin thanh tnh v ch Pht v Bn Tn v nhn nhng gia h v thnh tu. Ngi c th nhn thy chng sinh trong nhng hnh tng khc nhau m chng ta khng th nhn thy. Chng hn nh, khi cn tr ngi c mt linh kin trc sau nh mt v mt ngi n b trng gi nua, xu x, v gin d, nhng l mt thin gi, Khenpo nhn b nh mt hnh nh thing ling. Nhng nm sau ny, b bin thnh hnh nh thanh tnh ca Ekajat, sui ngun v ngi bo qun cc tantra (Mt in). Ngi cng c nhiu ln chm trn vi Nyima, mt th lc tinh linh hm hi lun lun quy nhiu ngi. Ngi ta ni rng th lc ny gy nn bnh tt cho Ddjom Lingpa v Dodrupchen tam. Mt hm, th lc tinh linh li ti gp ngi. Vi lng i bi trong tm, Khenpo lp li ba ln: Ta s khng bao gi t b ng vi lng bi mn ca ta cho ti khi ng tr nn gic ng! Sau , khng ch Khenpo m ngay c nhng t ca ngi cng c tinh linh yn. Mt hm, mt t ang c gng thp mt ngn n b trong mt thi gian di nhng khng thnh cng. Khi y Khenpo ci, v tim n lp tc bt la. t hi Khenpo: iu g xy ra? Khenpo ni: Vi ngh ngn n l mt thn ca nc, ta tan ha vo thin nh. Trong phn cui ca i ngi, Khenpo ch yu sng ti Tu vin Dodrupchen nh mt trong bn Khenpo chnh v c bit tp trung vo vic ging dy v thin nh. Ngi khng ch l mt hc gi v i m cn l mt ngi c c tm ca cc t mt cch nhanh chng. Cc bi ni chuyn ca ngi tht sng ng, d hiu, ging gii chi tit, v c ngha su xa. Ngi cao v ln xng, vi xng s ln v xng g m cao nh xng ca mt con s t. Trong nhiu thp nin cui i ngi, ngi tr nn tht nng n v khng th ra khi nh ca ngi trn i nu khng c hai ngi mnh m gip vi ton th sc mnh ca h. Khenpo sng trong mt ngi nh hai tng vi sch v nhng php kh. Nh ca ngi gia nhng tng v cy bch x, gia i v pha sau Tu vin Dodrupchen, nhn xung ton b tu vin v cnh ng Tsangchen. Ngi sng mt

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mnh trong nh. Trc lc bnh minh ngi bt u cho cc thc hnh thin nh v tr tng. Sau ngi dng im tm gm sa chua v bnh (zhun). Chng bao lu ngi li tip tc kha thin nh ko di cho n khi mt s t ca ngi ti vo khong mi mt gi. Cc t ra sch v rt y nc vo su trm chn cng dng, mt s ngi thc hin l cng dng hng ngy ca ngi gm mt trm n b, v mt ngi lm ba tra (hay ch l tr) cho ngi. Khi cc t chun b vic cng dng xong, ngi chm dt ba tra, v h cng nhau c bi nguyn cng dng. Sau ngi bt u ging dy. Khi thy ti, Kyala Khenpo, ang hc vi ngi, Khenpo Knchok Drnme dy hai hay ba lp, hay thnh thong thm ch ti by lp mi ngy. Ngi dng hu ht thi gian dy khong by mi t. Ngi khng c kha ging dy c bit m dy theo c mun v nhu cu ca cc t. Ngi c th dy cc tantra cho nhng t tin b nht; Madhyamaka (Trung qun), Prajnpramit (Bt nh ba la mt), hay Abhidharma (Vi diu php, A t m) cho nhng t cao cp, lun l cho ngi mi bt u, v nhng bn vn n gin cho cc t bnh thng trong cng mt ngy. Ngn t v ngha ca nhng bn vn gc ca Ngrjuna (Long Th), Asanga (V Trc), Dharmakrti (Php Xng), Chandrakrti (Nguyt Xng), v nhng ngi khc th trong tr nh ca ngi. Ngi cng nh ngha ca nhiu bnh ging ca cc v Thy . Thng th ngi khng chm dt nhng bi ging trc khi tri ti. Sau mt s t s thp nhng ngn n b v cng nhau tng bi cu nguyn. K Khenpo dng tr. Khi nhng ngn n b c t ht, cc t lau chi n v Khenpo li mt mnh cho ti tra hm sau. V cu trc ca cc kha hc ca ngi, Lauthang Tlku Drachen vit: Trc tin ngi dy cc bn vn Tuyn tp cc Vn C bn (bsDus Gra), Khoa hc v Tr tu (Blo Rigs), Khoa hc v L lun (rTags Rigs), v Nm Bn vn (bKa Bod lNga),266 K l bnh ging v chng gii lut ca bodhisattvabhumi (B Tt a), V sau Nm mi Bi K v vic C mt v Thy v nhng bn vn v cc gii lut Mt tha. Bnh ging v Nm Giai on ca Guhyasamaja v nhng qun nh v giai on pht trin, v Sau cc tantra ca Vajrabhairava, Chakrasamvara, v Klachakra. Tip theo l Guhyagarbha-myjla-tantra (Mt in B mt tp hi). Ngi kt thc nhng gio l ny bng dn nhp thing ling ca i Vin mn. y l truyn thng ging dy ca Lt ma Cao qu Ton tri.267 Bi cch tip cn khng b phi ca Khenpo i vi s uyn bc v vic cc gio l ca ngi gm cc bn vn Nyingma v Geluk nn mt s hc gi Nyingma cm thy khng thoi mi. C mt tin n l khi Kathok Situ Chkyi Gyatso (18801925) ving thm Khenpo, cc th gi ca Situ chng kin cc tc phm ca Tsongkhapa c bc trong la v gm thu v nhng tc phm ca Longchen Rabjam th ph y bi. iu hon ton khng ng. Cc tc phm ca Longchen Rabjam c gi trong hai lp bao, la hay gm thu v vi, nh nhng tc phm ca Tsongkhapa.

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Khi ving thm nhiu tu vin v a im Golok, Khenpo ging dy nhng bn vn uyn thm v ban nhng trao truyn Mt tha. Ngi lm l th gii cho hng trm tng v ni v thit lp nhng truyn thng nhp nht trong ma ma hng nm nhiu tu vin. Trong su thng ti Tu vin Tarthang Golok ngi ban ton b gio l v Abhisamaylamkra (Hin Qun Trang nghim) v nhng bn vn chnh yu khc cho Choktrul Rinpoche, Thupten Chkyi Dawa (1894-1959), v nhng t c tuyn chn khc, v Akong Khenpo lm v tr ging (sKyor dPon) cho ngi. i vi cc tlku v tu s tr ca Tarthang, ngi ban cc gio l v Bodhicharyvatra (Nhp B Tt hnh). Ti Tu vin Gde Dzogchen Namgyal Ling, tr x ca Chying Tobden Dorje ti Rekong, ngi ging dy v thit lp kha nhp tht ma ma hng nm. Sau khi ba i khenpo khc mt v sau ngi Dodrupchen qua i nm 1926, ton b trch nhim duy tr mc uyn bc c nht v nh ca Tu vin Dodrupchen c t ln vai Khenpo. Trong hn mt thp k ngi ging dy khng ngng v khng cho tu vin b nh hng bi nhng mt mt to ln. Qu thc mi ngi hu nh khng cm thy vic tu vin cao s hc tp phi chu bt k tc ng no. Vo thi , hu nh khng hc gi no nhng vng Golok hay Ser m khng l t ca Tu vin Dodrupchen v ca bn thn Khenpo. Sau khi Khenpo mt, mc d c nhng i khenpo Tu vin Dodrupchen, nhng t gii n t nhng tu vin v min khc tr v qu hng ca h, v Tu vin Dodrupchen tri qua mt s suy tn gh gm trong ngt hai thp k. Khi hi tng li, ti c th thy l tu vin sa st ra sao vo thi im ti n . Khenpo khng sng nh mt n s, nh Amye Khenpo v Garwa Khenpo ca Tu vin Dodrupchen lm. Ngi ni danh v vic c nhng tin nghi ca mt cn nh p, thc phm h, v qun o tuyt p, ngoi ra cn c th vin ring khng l v b su tp tuyt vi nhng php kh c v mi. Tuy nhin, ngi s dng tt c nhng vt cht khc m ngi ta cng dng cho ngi bo tr cho vic pht thuc min ph, cho nhng l cng dng n b hng ngy ca ngi, v chi tr cho vic in n v ko nhng l c thn ch Trng Th y ngp ngn i quanh nh ngi. Tu vin Dodrupchen nm trong mt min ngho kh, nhng sau ny tiu chun sng ca vng ny c ci thin. Nhiu ngi tin rng l nh nhng cng c c khi dy bi nhng vt cng dng rng ri quanh nm ca Khenpo. Ngoi ra, trong nhiu nm, Tu vin Dodrupchen phi chu nhng bnh dch. Ph hp vi nhng im trong gic m ca ngi, Dodrupchen tam khuyn Khenpo bao quanh tu vin bng nhng l c thn ch Trng Th. Khenpo thc hin iu ny v duy tr n nm ny sang nm khc, v t tr i dn chng khng b bnh dch na. Bn thn Khenpo tha nhn rng ngi thnh cng trong vic phng s Gio Php. Kyala Khenpo nhc ti ngi khi ni: Ti c cm tng rng khng c iu g m chng ta khng lm truyn b Php, c Kinh in ln Mt in, ti Do-me [min ng Ty Tng], vi Rinpoche nh thn cy v chng ta, cc khenpo, nh nhng cnh cy. Trong s nhng tc phm chnh yu ca ngi c cng ca Abhisamaylamkra (Hin Qun Trang nghim) v mt Bnh ging v Lun l, nhng c hai bin mt trong nhng chuyn bin chnh tr. Hm nay, nhng g

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chng ta c trong nhng tc phm chnh ca ngi l La-me Gonggyen (Php bo ca nhng Linh kin ca Lt ma), mt bn vn lm sng t nhng vn quan trng ca nn tng, con ng, v qu ca i tha v c bit l ca cc tantra ni; Mt Ch gii v cng ca Guhyagarbha-tantra; v Mt Ch gii v Yumka Dechen Gyalmo. Nm 1934, Khenpo bt u ban nhng bi hc cho hai v Dodrupchen Rinpoche. Sau khi chm dt cc lp hc v cc bn vn c bn, ngi ging cho cc v Thy ny Ynten Rinpoche Dz vi nhng bnh ging. Ngi chm dt phn Kinh in ca bn vn v ang bt u phn Mt in. Bt thnh lnh, vo tui by mi by, Khenpo suy sp bi mt loi bnh hn hay cm. C v khng nghim trng, nhng ngi ngng dy mt thi gian. Ngi di chuyn ti cha Guhyagarbha-tantra gn hi chng cc tu s, nhng ngi ang c hnh l cu trng th trong nhiu ngy cho ngi. Ri lc u bui ti ngy hai mi tm thng mi hai nm Mc Hi (1936) ngi bo cc t ca ngi, Khenpo Jamtn, Kutruk ca Gunang, v Kulo ca Rekong, nhng ngi ang c mt vi ngi vo lc : Ta c mt gic m [mc d cc t ca ngi ang nhn ngi oan chc rng ngi khng ng]. Mt ngi n b bo ta: Sokhe Chomo ni: S thin nh chi li hin ti l s chng ng tnh Khng. l bi, nu y khng phi l tnh Khng, bn tnh ca s hiu bit nguyn s, th tr tu nguyn s ca Php gii ti thng ca Pht qu cui cng s khng th c thit lp bi khng th phn bit c. [S thin nh chi li hin ti] ny l c hnh trng l qu bu [Yon Tan Rin Chen rGyal Po]. l bi, nu mi c hnh ca kt qu khng hin din t nhin [trong ] m khng cn phi tm kim th tr tu nguyn s ca ch Pht v s thin nh chi li hin ti s khng th c thit lp bi khng th phn bit c. Ta ni vi ngi n b: Phi, l mt s hiu bit vin mn. Trong mi trng hp, nu ta m rng iu thm na bng cch thin nh v n bng con ng ca s suy nim t nhin khng chnh sa [Ma bChos Chog bZhag], v nu ta chng ng s vin mn tuyt i ca gic tnh ni ti, th [s thin nh chi li] ny s tr thnh nm tr tu nguyn s. S quang minh v v nim khng xut hin nh hai che chng l tr tu nguyn s nh gng (i vin cnh tr). S thot khi vic ri vo nhng thin kin v gii hn l tr tu nguyn s ca nht th tnh (Bnh ng tnh tr). S thu sut mi s hin hu c tnh cht hin tng m khng lm lc l tr tu phn bit nguyn s (Diu quan st tr). Sau Khenpo ung mt hp nc ngh ty, v an ta trong t th th thn trong trng thi t nhin ca tm v ni: Cc ng ngh g?268 Vi nhng li , ngi tan ha vo thin nh chi li ca bn tnh ti thng, v iu m ngi ang ni. Ngi an tr trong thin nh chi li trong vi ngy, l iu thng thng i vi nhiu thin gi v i. Trong thi gian , mc d tim ngi ngng p v mch khng nhy, ngi vn ngng u, gi thn thng thn, v duy tr mt t hi m trong tim, l du hiu cho thy ngi vn trong thin nh chi li, hay ngi c mt kinh nghim tt p v thin nh chi li. Mt thin gi chng ng v duy tr thin nh chi li ca tm h c th hp nht n vi thin nh chi li

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ph qut hay bn ngoi khin mi s hnh tng xut hin t nhin nh nng lc hin nhin ca chnh tm ca h. l s thnh tu Pht qu hay Php thn, chn l ti thng. Theo truyn thng, sau mt vi ngy, bng nhng bui l v nhng li cu nguyn, nhc thn ca Khenpo c ha thiu trong mt bo thp l mt kin trc tm thi m sau c ng kn li. Sau vi ngy, khi cc t m bo thp thu thp tro ct ca ngi, h tm thy hng trm x li c mu trng, , vng, v xanh dng, xut hin v ang xut hin t xng b t chy. X li nhiu mu tht him c v l mt du hiu ca thnh tu v i nh thin nh i Vin mn. Sau ny, cc t xy mt bo thp bng vng v t hu ht x li trong . Trong m ay ca ti c mt b bn vin x li bn mu, nhng cng vo khong thi gian bo thp bng vng Tu vin Dodrupchen b ph hy th ti mt chic m ay n . C v l khi ti lc, mi s c cho l tin trin theo cch ny hay cch khc. Ti tu vin Dodrupchen, Kyala Khenpo c ch nh l mt khenpo, thay th cho v o s qu c ca ngi. Ta-re Lhamo (Namkhe Pumo, sinh nm 1937), con gi ca Apang Tertn Ogyen Thrinle Lingpa (?-1945); v tc gi quyn sch ny, Tlku Thondup (sinh nm 1939), c xc nhn l cc tlku ca Lushl Khenpo.

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26

DODRUPCHEN TAM JIGME TENPE NYIMA (1865-1926)

Dodrupchen Rinpoche tam, Jigme Tenpe Nyima269 ra i ti th Ba, ngy mi tm thng hai nm Mc Su thuc Rabjung th mi bn (1865) trong b tc Chakong, th tc Nup, thuc dng Achak Dru. Ngi sinh ti Chkri bar, mt ngn i thing trong Thung lng Mar thng x Golok, ni thn mu ca ngi, b Snamtso, sng. Thn ph ngi l Dudjom Lingpa (1835-1903), mt bc lo thng lng danh v mt i tertn, khi ang sng ti Drphuk, mt n tht trong mt hm ni nh cch Chakri khong mt dm. Thn ph ngi t tn cho ngi l Snam Tendzin. Dodrupchen c by ngi em trai, tt c u l nhng tlku ni ting. Khyentse Tlku Dzamling Wangyal (1868-1907), mt tlku ca Do Khyentse, c tn phong ti cc tu vin Dodrupchen v Nizok nhng vn vi cha ca ngi. Tlku Tri-me zer (cn gi l Pema Drodl Sang-ngak Lingpa, 1881-1924) tr thnh mt i hc gi v tertn, phi ngu ca ngi l n o s ni ting Dewe Dorje Lhasa, thng c gi l Sera Khandro. Tlku ca Chey Rigdzin Chenmo mt sm. Tlku Pema Dorje, mt tlku ca Satsa Lama, mt ti Tu vin Dodrupchen v chm sc Dodrupchen v tu vin. Tlku Lhatop (1885-?) l mt tlku ca Tu vin Shichen (gShi Chen). Tlku Namkha Jigme (1888-?) c xc nhn l mt tlku ca Paltrl Rinpoche v sng Dzachukha. Tlku Dorje Dradl (1892-1959?) ti Dartsang Ritr trong hm ni Li ca Thung lng Do, tr x ca Ddjom Lingpa trong phn cui ca i ngi. Dodrupchen c Dzogchen Rinpoche t Mingyur Namkhe Dorje (1793-?) xc nhn. Trong tin tri ca v Thy ny c mt dng ch nhn dng Dodrupchen tam l s t im ca hp st tuyt ho, mt m ch Chakong, hay b tc hp st. Nm 1810 ngi c tn phong ti Tu vin Yarlung Pemak trong Thung lng Ser. Trong nhiu nm ngi tri qua nhng ma h ti Yarlung Pemak v ma ng ti Tu vin Dodrupchen, ni cng c gi l Tsangchen Gn, hay tu vin cnh 197

ng Tsangchen. Sau ny, Tu vin Dodrupchen tr thnh tr x chnh ca ngi. Lc ban u, Tlku Tri-me, mt ngi em nh hn ngi su tui, n vi ngi. Sau vi nm Tlku Tri-me khng mun sng trong mt cu trc tu vin na v tr v nh. Sau mt ngi em khc, Tlku Pema Dorje, n vi Dodrupchen. Sau ny, Tlku Pema Dorje tr thnh nh qun l ca tu vin v ngi sng m chm sc nhng chng trnh ca Dodrupchen cho ti khi ng mt. Tlku Pema Dorje ni: [Dodrupchen] Rinpoche hu nh khng trc tip ni g v nhng iu phi lm, nhng nghe ngi gi , ti s c gng p ng nhng nguyn c ca ngi. Dodrupchen i ti Tu vin Dzogchen v hc vi Khenpo Pema Dorje. Vo lc u ngi kh c th hiu c ngha ca nhng bn vn trit hc. Ngi thng khc cho ti khi ng thip i, v vo bui sng ngi nhn thy u ngi b dnh vo gi do nc mt ca ngi. Mt bui sng ngi ni vi Thy ph o: m qua trong mt gic m con thy ba v Lt ma trong y phc n s trong mt ngi cha. Ngi ng gia cm mt quyn sch trong tay. Con hi ng ta: Ngi l ai? Sch g vy? Lt ma tr li: Ta l Do Khyentse Yeshe Dorje. Quyn sch ny l gip cho nhng ngi khng hc c bi ca h. Con yu cu ngi ban cho con quyn sch. Ngi cho sch, v con cm thy ht sc sung sng. V th con tin rng nu con hc ngy hm nay, con s hc c. V sau, s hiu bit su rng ca ngi bng nhin bc pht, v ngi thu sut ngha ca cc bn vn khng cht kh khn, Nm sau, ngi i ti o s v i Paltrl Rinpoche (1808-1887) trong Thung lng Dzachukha. Ngi nhn nhiu gio l t Paltrl. Ngay ln u tin nghe cc bn vn, ngi c th nm bt c ngha ca chng m khng cn mt Thy ph o (sKyor dPon) xem li bi hc vi ngi. Dodrupchen mi ln tm khi Paltrl Rinpoche gi cc s gi khp Thung lng Dzachukha mi mi ngi ti nghe ngi ban gio l hng nm v Bodhicharyvatra. Trc mt hi chng ng o cc tu s v c s ti tu vin Dzagya, ch thn Paltrl dng mn la nghi l v khn cu gio l. Dodrupchen trnh by nhng bi thuyt trnh, v mi ngi ngc nhin v s hiu bit v xc tn ca ngi. Lc u, ging ni nh ca Dodrupchen khng ti c nhng ngi ngi qu xa, nhng t t ging ngi tr nn mnh hn v tt c mi ngi u c th nghe thy. Paltrl din t nim vui ca ngi trong mt l th gi cho Khyentse Wangpo, th ni: Lin quan ti Gio Php ca s uyn bc, tlku ca Dodrupchen ban nhng ging dy v Bodhicharyvatra nm ln tm tui. i vi Php ca s chng ng, Nyakla Pema Ddl [1816-1872] va t c thn cu vng. V th Gio php ca c Pht khng b suy tn. Paltrl rt t t v tn knh Dodrupchen, v Paltrl ngi ngi trn gi ca mnh trong khi ging dy. Mt bui sng sm Paltrl nghe ni rng Dodrupchen ang khc. Sau ngi c thut li l Dodrupchen ng g ng gt trong bui cu nguyn vo lc bnh minh v v Thy ph o pht vo mng ngi mt ci. Paltrl kh chu v iu v Thy ph o lm n ni ngi ni vi Dodrupchen: Khi ngi mt, ng i ti Zangdol Palri, v nu ngi ti , Guru Rinpoche s li gi ngi tr v, bi Guru Rinpoche lun lun lo lng v ngi Ty Tng. Ngi i ti Dewachen [ci tnh ca c Pht A Di ], v ng tr v vi nhng ngi

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ny. Paltrl khng thch v Thy ph o, bi ng qu khc nghit vi Dodrupchen b nh. Khi Dodrupchen ti ving thm Paltrl ln sau, ngi c Thy ph o Akhu Lodr, mt tu s c mi tc xm, du dng v tn knh. Paltrl rt vui vi v Thy ny, ngi ni: , ng ta ging nh mt Thy ph o ca mt Lt ma quan trng. Bt k khi no Akhu Lodr phi k lut Dodrupchen, trc tin ng l ly ngi ba ln. V th, ngay c nhiu nm sau ny, khi Akhu Lodr l ly nhn cc gio l t ngi, Dodrupchen ni: Ta vn lo lng khi nhn Akhu Lodr l ly ta. T nhiu v Thy, ch yu l Khenpo Pema Dorje, Paltrl Rinpoche, Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892), Dzogchen Rinpoche t (1793-?), Mura Tlku Pema Dechen Zangpo, Zhechen Thutop Namgyal (1787-?), Gyarong Namtrl Kunzang Thekchok Dorje, Ju Mipham Namgyal (1846-1912), Gyawa Do-ngak Gyatso, Kongtrl Yonten Gyatso (1813-1899), v Tertn Sgyal (1856-1926), Dodrupchen nhn cc gio l v Vinaya (Lut), Madhyamaka (Trung o), Nyya (Phi Chnh l), Prajnpramit (Bt Nh Ba La Mt), Abhidharma (A t m, A t t ma), v nhng Mt in C v Tn. Ngi nhn nhng trao truyn ton b gio l Nyingma, vi s c bit nhn mnh v Yabzhi v Longchen Nyingthig t Khyentse Wangpo, Khenpo Pema Dorje, v Dzogchen Rinpoche t. Ngi tr thnh mt o s v i v v h tr nhiu s trao truyn trc tip. Ngi nhn nhng linh kin ca nhiu o s v nhng bc linh thnh v t c nhiu thnh tu. Nhng t ai bit c nhng chng ng su xa ca ngi bi hu nh ngi khng phi by iu g. Khi ngi cp ti bt k linh kin no, ngi lun lun m t chng nh nhng gic m. iu c th ng bi i vi mt bc chng ng, nhng gic m l s quang minh huyn ha v chi li ca tm tr tu ca ring ta, v cng th, mi linh kin thanh tnh l nhng hin l ca s quang minh huyn ha v chi li . Khi ngi mi lm tui, bi nhng nguy him chnh tr bt mi ngi phi sng trong s bt an v v cng s hi. Rokza Lama Palge yu cu Dodrupchen kim tra nhng du hiu ca gic m ca ngi. Ngi lm nh th trong ba m. Vo m u tin, ngi nhn thy mt con chim khng khip trong mt ci lng. Nhng con chim khc ang n lc chng li con chim b giam gi, nhng tt c chng u suy sp khi chng n trc n. Sau c ngi ni vi Dodrupchen: Nu nhiu con thin nga vng vy quanh n v nhy qua n, n s ngt i v ng xung. Vo m th hai ngi trong mt khu rng rm. C ngi ni: ba rng, mt con cp nguy him ang sn sng nhy ln v n tht tt c. Nhng hin ti ch c ci u ca n ngc ln nhn quanh, trong khi thn n vn cn nm trn mt t. Nu nhng tntrika (hnh gi Mt tha) mnh m nm cc torma, n s chi u xung mt t. Vo m th ba, ngi c Khyentse Wangpo ban cho mt thng ip ging ngha mi nguy him tt bc cho Pht gio v s an bnh ca Ty Tng. Thng ip ny s c a ra sau ny, trong cuc i ca Dodrupchen t Thubten Thrinle Palzang. Ngi ni: Nhng gic m cho thy hin nay nu tt c nhng ngi sng o cng chung sc c hnh cc nghi l ngn chn cc th lc tiu cc th s trnh c nhng him nguy. Nu khng, chng bao lu na, s an bnh v tr tu ca Pht gio s b suy gim. Sau ngi nhn mnh rng iu ti quan trng l mi mt v mi ngi tng, ni hay cc c s trong cc nhm hay c nhn, phi c OM MANI PADME HM, thn ch ca c Pht ca lng Bi mn v Guru Rinpoche, cng nhiu cng tt trong kh nng ca h, vi lng bi mn v

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sng m. s l phng cch tt nht ngn nga nhng nguy him nh th. Mt s i Lt ma ca min n lc tun theo li khuyn ca ngi, nhng nhiu ngi ni: Rinpoche bo chng ta c OM MANI PADME HM. iu c ngha l chng ta khng lm g khc ngoi vic tng thn ch v chun b cho ci cht, v h khng thc hnh nhiu. Trong s nhng ngi tht hc hay t hc c nhng ngi thng ngh rng thin nh v lng bi mn v tng cc thn ch an bnh l nhng chun b cho ci cht hay t c gic ng, trong khi ngn chn nhng him nguy to ln th phi s dng ba ch. Nhng s thc l bt k hnh thc thc hnh Pht gio no cng phi c da trn lng bi mn v phng s tt c. Nm hai mi mt tui (1875), Dodrupchen bin son tc phm uyn o u tin ca ngi, Lekshe Gaton, mt bnh ging v Guhyagarbha-myjla-tantra (Mt in B mt tp hi), mt Kinh vn Mt tha quan trng nht ca phi Nyingma. Cc hc gi kinh ngc bi s uyn bc tui cn tr nh th ca ngi. Tuy nhin, nhiu nm sau, ngi khm ph ra rng bnh ging ca ngi b nh hng bi quan im ca truyn thng Sarma270 ca Ty Tng, v ngi vit mt bnh ging th hai v cng vn . Khi ngi ba mi tui, Thy ph o Akhu Lodr ca ngi hi l bn thn Thy s sng bao lu. m hm trong mt gic m, Dodrupchen m mt quyn sch v c hai dng ch: Thy gio yog ca ngi s sng trong nm nm. Thy s khng sng lu hn thi gian . iu s khng thay i. Nm nm sau, v thy gi d thng ca ngi mt. Nm hai mi hai tui, Dodrupchen vi Ju Mipham Mamgyal trong mt thi gian di ti Tu vin Dzongsar, ni Khyentse Wangpo sng. Trc khi Dodrupchen khi hnh i Tu vin Dodrupchen v Mipham i Karmo Taktsang, Dodrupchen ti gp Mipham t gi. Mipham i ti ca phng tin Dodrupchen v tng ngi mt cun giy. Sau ny Dodrupchen tm thy trong cun giy mt gio hun gm ba mi by cu k (Me Ri) v nhng vn trit hc trng yu. Cui nhng cu k, Mipham ni: Xin ng cho ngi khc xem. V th ngi khng th lm nh th. Trong cun giy c hai dng tin tri cho Dodrupchen: Nu ngn la khng b gi thi tt, Nm ba mi lm tui, nhng chng ngi s c dn sch v ng s gi vng truyn thng dng truyn ca ring ng. V iu ny, Dodrupchen ngh: Ta ang c gng duy tr truyn thng Nyingma ca ring ta v c bit l dng Nyingthig, v nh th iu g mi m c th xy ra? Nhng vo nm ba mi lm tui, chng c l do c bit no, Dodrupchen mun c Kagye Deshe Dchen. Khi c quyn sch , khng hiu sao ngi nhn ra rng s hiu bit trc y ca ngi v nhng quan im Nyingma (nh ngi trnh by n trong bnh ging u tin ca ngi v Guhyagarbha-myjla-tantra) b nh hng bi nhng quan im Sarma, v mt s hiu bit mi v nhng quan im Nyingma v mt s xc tn mnh m nhng quan im thc gic trong ngi. Sau trong nm nm ngi nghin cu rt nhiu tc phm Nyingma, v t nm bn mi tui s xc tn ca ngi ni quan im ti thng hon ton c

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khng nh trong phm vi ca nhng quan im c nht v nh ca Nyingma nh c gii thch bi Longchen Rabjam v Jigme Lingpa. l nhng g Ju Mipham mun ni qua hai dng tin tri ca ngi. Tuktsa Tlku ca Dephu, mt tu vin Sakya Amdo, ni vi Ju Mipham rng ng mun hc cc gio l Nyingma nhng khng chc c hc vi Dodrupchen hay khng, bi quan im ca Dodrupchen c th b nh hng bi quan im Sarma. Mipham cam oan vi Tuktsa: Lc u quan im Nyingma ca Dodrupchen chu nh hng ca quan in Sarma, nhng hin nay quan im Nyingma ca ngi chc chn l quan im Nyingma thun ty. ng nn i v hc vi ngi. V Tuktsa lm nh th. Ti Tu vin Dodrupchen, Dodrupchen xy dng li ngi cha chnh v mt bo thp khng l. Vi s h tr ca cc i khenpo khc, ngi ban nhng gio l trong mt s nm m khng ngng ngh, k c vic ch thn thuyt ging v Bodhicharyvatra (Nhp B Tt Hnh) mt trm ln, nh ngi ha vi Paltrl. Sau ny, ngi ch vo mt ngai ta bng g nh nhng tuyt p (m ti thy) v ni vi mi ngi: T chic gh g ny ta ban nhng gio l v Guhyagarbhatantra hn bn mi ln. Kt qu l Tu vin Dodrupchen tr thnh mt trung tm ni ting v vic nghin cu v thc hnh ton b hin gio v Mt gio ca o Pht. Mt hm trong khi ngi ang ban nhng gio l, mt trn bo mnh bt thn qut qua khu vc. Khi cn bo chm vo Dodrupchen, ngi cm thy khng c khe, v sau ngi ng bnh v khng i c. Kt qu ca vic l ngi di chuyn ti n tht ca ngi v sng n c trong phn cn li ca i ngi. n tht c gi l Gephel Ritr, n tht Nui dng c hnh, m trong nhng tc phm ca ngi, thnh thong ngi ni ti l Khu Rng ca Nhiu Con Chim. n tht ny pha di nh ca mt ngn ni chc tri cch Tu vin Dodrupchen khong hai dm, gia mt bi c c bao bc bng nhng cy thng v cy bch x cao ln. Ngi sng trong mt ta nh ba tng to ln cha y php kh v nhiu quyn sch qu him, khin cho ton th cn nh ging nh mt th vin, ngi cha, vin bo tng v nh hp li. Ngi miu t n tht: N vn ln nh nh mt ngn ni cao, y nhng ngi tr trung, cy ci, Trong lng n l ph n, nhng con chim d thng, ang ht nhng iu du dng ca chng. Trong c mt ngi cha, ni tri qu c hnh c hon thnh. Nhng bc tng mn mng c mu ca vng trng. Cy c thanh xun ca khu rng ang ving thm t im n tht, Nh th chng kh ci mnh tn knh. C mt vi hc gi-tu s trng nom ngi v n tht. Mc d ngi au yu, ngi khng bao gi ngh ngi ngoi tr nhng gi ng, v ngi thng xuyn tham gia vo vic sng tc, nghin cu hay thin nh. Nm 1904, ngi c khn cu c nhng gic m v vic em ngi l Tlku Pema Dorje c nn gnh vc vic hnh chnh ca tu vin Dodrupchen hay khng. m hm ngi m thy mt dng ch trong mt quyn sch ni rng: Cho ti

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khi cht ng ta s c v cho Gio Php. Em ngi trng coi vic hnh chnh cho ti khi ng ta mt. Khi ngi bn mi mt tui (1905), mt na nhm b tc Lagya, l nhng thng dn hay c s ca Tu vin Dodrupchen, b v th lnh Washl Kad trc xut khi Thung lng Ser. Tu vin Dodrupchen b buc phi tnh n vic di chuyn ti mt vng khc. Nhng sau Pema Bum, mt trong ba khu vc b tc chnh yu ca Golok, cng dng Thung lng Tri cho Dodrupchen lm ni tr n cho cc c s ca ngi. Cui cng b tc Lagya nh c Tri, v Tu vin Dodrupchen vn ch c. Khi Dodrupchen sng n c trong n tht, ngoi cc th gi ca ngi, bn v i khenpo, v mt vi tlku ca Tu vin Dodrupchen, rt t ngi c din kin ngi. Trong s t i v khch c nhn cc gio l c Tertn Sgyal, Rigdzin Chenpo ca tu vin Dorje Trak, Kathok Situ, Khyentse Chkyi Lodr, Garwa Tertn Long-yang (mt nm 1910), Tarthang Choktrl, Tlku Tsultrim Zangpo, v Sera Rintreng. Tertn Sgyal (Lerab Lingpa, 1856-1926) l mt v khch thng xuyn, ngi v Dodrupchen trao i cc gio l. Nm 1916, khi Dodrupchen bin son bnh ging th hai ca ngi v Guhyagarbha-myjla-tantra (Mt in B mt tp hi), c gi l Dzokyi Demik, Tertn Sgyal chp li nhng g Dodrupchen c cho ngi. Terkyi Namshe ca Dodrupchen, lun vn v vic khm ph terma, l mt tc phm ban u khc ca ngi, c t nn vng chc trn nhng ging ngha sng t m ngi nhn t Tertn Sgyal. Tertn Sgyal mang li bn ch biu tng [brDa Yig] m ngi khm ph nhng cho ti nay khng th gii m c. Ngi v Dodrupchen cng gii m chng. Theo nhng nguyn l terma, nu mt gio l c Guru Rinpoche giao ph v ct giu trong nhiu t, th khng ch tertn c ch nh m c nhng ngi khc cng c cho php gii m nhng ch biu tng. Nm nm mi chn tui (1914),271 Tertn Sgyal di chuyn ti Golok v gn Dodrupchen trong phn cn li ca i ngi. Trc ht ngi bt u xy mt gompa trong cnh ng Khemar trong Thung lng Do thng gia nhm b tc Wang-rl, nhng trc khi hon thnh ngi li n cho nhng ngi khc hon tt. Sau ngi v gia nh ngi c c bit cho php sng trong Tu vin Dodrupchen. Nhng sau mt thi gian, ngi quyt nh di chuyn ti Dzongdn trong Thung lng Ser, cch Tu vin Dodrupchen khong mt ngy i nga, v ngi li trong phn cui i ngi. C ln khi Tertn Sgyal b bnh nng ti Dzongdn, ngi bo cc th gi a ngi ti Dodrupchen. Trn ng i, khi on ca ngi ti Dilsham Kathok trong Thung lng Thang-yag, ngi bo cc th gi l ly mt ci cy trong cnh ng, l ni Dodrupchen nh sinh ra. Khi h ti Sng Do, tht l k diu, ngi c th ci nga, v sau khi nhn thy Dodrupchen th mi bnh tt ca Tertn Sgyal bin mt. Nm Mc ngu (1925), Tertn Sgyal ti gp Dodrupchen. Lc kt thc bui gp g, cc ngi trao i khn, l iu cc ngi cha bao gi lm khi h chia tay trong nhng ln trc. Sau cc ngi ni vi nhau: Ti s gp ngi trong Ci tnh . Qua nm sau, trong nm Ha Dn (1926), c hai v u mt. Rigdzin Chenmo, v lnh o Tu vin Dorje Trak, xin c gp Dodrupchen. Theo truyn thng, bi Rigdzin Chenmo l mt trong hai Lt ma quan trng nht

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ca phi Nyingma, Dodrupchen vui lng gp ngi. Khi ti ni, Rigdzin Chenmo thm ch khng ngi trn tm nm m ngi trn sn nh trn mt tm thm nh trc mt Dodrupchen. Sau cc ngi cng dng ba tra vi mt bui gm nhng cu hi-v-tr li di trong s b mt. Sau ny Rigdzin Chenmo nh gi l mt bui gp g li lc nht vi mt Lt ma. Kathok Situ Chkyi Gyatso (1880-1925) ti gp Dodrupchen vi nhiu cu hi v trit hc v thin nh. Kathok Situ cng a ra cho Dodrupchen mt li tuyn b ni ting: Hin nay ti Tu vin Dzogchen, Gyakong Khenpo [Zhenphen Chkyi Nangwa] ging dy nhng bn vn [gZhung] theo nhng bnh ging ca n , ni rng: Ch c nhng bnh ging ca n l xc thc. Ti Tu vin Dodrupchen ca ngi, cc khenpo ang ging Kinh in theo nhng bnh ging ca phi Geluk v cc Mt in theo truyn thng Nyingma. V th Tu vin Kathok l t chc duy nht ging dy nhng truyn thng Nyingma thun ty. Dodrupchen hi: i vi Abhisamaylamkra (Hin Qun Trang nghim), ng ang dng bnh ging no ti Kathok? Kathok Situ tr li: Bnh ging ca Gorampa (l mt o s ni ting phi Sakya). Nm 1920, Khyentse Chkyi Lodr ca Tu vin Dzongsar (1893-1959) ti n tht ca Dodrupchen trong mt chuyn thm ving vi thng nhn nhng gio l v s trao truyn. Mt hm, nh thng l, Khyentse i mt mnh ti phng th ca Dodrupchen nhn qun nh Rigdzin Dpa. Dodrupchen ang ngi trn mt chic gh cao. Khyentse c yu cu ngi trn mt tm nm cnh ca s. Mt tu s l ngi ph l (chpn) t tt c nhng phm vt qun nh ln bn th v ra khi phng. Dodrupchen vn tng cc thn ch. Chng bao lu ci bnh trn bn th pht ra nhng tia sng trng, trn ngp ton th gian phng. Sau nh sng trm ln ton th cn phng, v iu lm cho Khyentse kh nhn thy Dodrupchen. Khi nh sng m dn, ngi nhn thy mt ngi n b tuyt p vi nhng trang sc , lm o s hnh ng vi nhng c ch nhy ma. Khyentse, khi l mt tu s, ngh rng: mt thi im quan trng nh th ny, c mt tu s thc hin vai tr ca o s hnh ng th tt hn. Khi l qun nh kt thc, ngi n b bin mt. Dodrupchen bo Khyentse: Tlku Tsang! Ta c mt thnh tu siu vit trao cho ng, nhng do bi nhng nim ca ng nn iu khng th xy ra hm nay. Nhng ng s nhn c n sau ny. Ngi n b l Dorje Yudrnma [mt trong nhng n H Php chnh yu ca dng Longchen Nyingthig. Trong l qun nh Rigdzin Dpa, Dodrupchen ban cho ngi tn Pema Yeshe Dorje, l tn m cc hc gi cho rng l mt biu th cho thy Chkyi Lodr cng l tlku ca Do Khyentse Yeshe Dorje. Vo lc trao truyn Ladrup Thigle Gyachen, Khyentse thy Rinpoche l Longchen Rabjam.272 Khyentse Chkyi Lodr vit v vic ngi ving thm Dodrupchen bng nhng vn th. Ti ti tri ca Dodrupchen phng Bc v Gp Tenpe Nyima ton tr. Ti nhn nhng qun nh Rigdzin Dpa v Ladrup Thigle Gyachen, Cc gio l v Longchen Nyingthig v cng ca Guhyagarbha. Ngi thng xuyn ban cho ti nhng gio hun v li ch dy. Ngi cho php ti truyn b

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Nhng tc phm ca ngi m khng cn s khu truyn [Lung]. Vi thin tm to ln, ngi ban cho ti mi s chm sc.273 Tarthang Choktrl Chkyi Dawa (1894-1959) l mt t ca Khenpo Knchok Drnme, v do Khenpo nhiu ln yu cu, ngi sp xp c din kin Dodrupchen. Tarthang Choktrl ti gp Rinpoche v ngi trn tm nm; cc ngi cng dng ba tra, v ngi ra i m khng t mt cu hi no v nhng vn Gio php quan trng. Sau ny, nhng ngi khc hi Tarthang Choktrl: V sao ngi khng hi Rinpoche v nhng vn thin nh hay tr thc quan trng? Ngi tr li: Ti ch ti gp Rinpoche v nhn mt gia h khng phi t nhng cu hi! Tlku Tsltrim Zangpo ca Tu vin Shukchung, mt i hc gi v bc lo thng, l mt v h tr gio l cc gio l terma ca Tertn Sgyal, nh bn thn Dodrupchen. Ngoi ra, ngi sao chp nhiu bn vn cho Dodrupchen. Nh nhng bn vn m ngi c th gp Dodrupchen nhiu ln. Sera Rintreng, mt hc gi sng chi, l mt trong nhng ngi c gp Dodrupchen bng cch tr thnh th gi ca ngi. Ngi tri qua ba nm lm ngi nu bp cho Dodrupchen. Mt hm, ban cho ngi mt xu chui ht mu vng, Dodrupchen bo ngi: Do bi sc khe ca ta, ta khng th ban cho ng bt k gio l vn bn no. ng phi i v phng ng. ng s tr thnh mt i hc gi ca Gio Php. Ph hp vi iu c dy, Rintreng i ti n tht Ditsa Amdo v tu hc vi Alak Zhamar v tr thnh mt i hc gi. Nhiu ngi tm cch khc gp Dodrupchen. Mi nm Dodrupchen ban nhng qun nh v mt gii thch vn tt Sdhana Ba Gc ca Longchen Nyingthig cho cc tu s gia nhp trng thin nh mt nm ca tu vin. Nhng trng ch nhn tm tu s, v hu ht cc tu s hc li cng chng trnh trong nhiu nm gp Dodrupchen. Nhng i khi, nu mt tu s ha t mnh thc hin mt kha nhp tht mt nm nghim nht, ngi y c th c nhn l qun nh do Dodrupchen ban. Trong s nhng tu s l v Thy Chchok ca ti thuc gia nh Kyala, l ngi sau ny c gi l Kyala Khenpo ca Tu vin Dodrupchen, v Lobzang Dorje (cn gi l Lo-de) thuc gia nh Akong, ngi v sau tr nn ni ting l Akong Khenpo ca Tu vin Tarthang. Kyala Khenpo (chng ta s ni v ngi trong chng 34) nhn nhng qun nh trong ba nm lin tip, ha ra l nhng qun nh ca ba nm cui cng ca Dodrupchen. T thi th u Akong Khenpo c mt thi thc to ln c gp Dodrupchen. C ln khi ngi ang ln, ngi ti Tu vin Dodrupchen tm cch gp Dodrupchen. Khenpo l ngi sao chp bn tho ti gii, v th trc tin ngi sao chp tm quyn sch cho Dodrupchen bng cch gi nhng bn tho i ti i lui qua cc th gi. Ngi t chi khng nhn tin th lao trong vic sao chp, nhng i li, ngi khn cu c php thc hin chng trnh nhp tht mt nm c th gp Dodrupchen. y l iu ngi c php lm. Cui cng, khi Khenpo nhn thy Dodrupchen, ngi khng bao gi cm nhn ngay c trong mt giy rng Dodrupchen l mt con ngi, m l mt v Pht. Vi s nht tm v sng m tuyt i, ngi nhn nhng qun nh di cng vi nhiu gio l khc. Nhng sau mt lt, khong mt phn nh ca mt giy, tm ngi b xao lng bi iu g khc v

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thnh lnh Dodrupchen ht to PHAT! mt ch b mt. Khenpo cm thy mnh hu nh cht ngt. B chong vng, Khenpo ngc nhn Dodrupchen, v Thy ny ang chm ch nhn ngi vi i mt m ln. Vo cui bui l, Dodrupchen ni: Trong l qun nh, nu mt o s chng ng v mt t sng m gp nhau, t c th c a vo s chng ng. Tu s tr Akong, con nhn mt s khai tm nh th. By gi con phi thin nh v n vi s tinh tn. Sau ny Khenpo ni rng l cch ngi nhn ra chn tnh khng qua vic hc tp. Nhiu ngi thng xuyn thm ving n tht tm kim nhng li gii p cho cc cu hi ca h v cc vn trit hc hay tu tp thin nh, thng tm cch a ra cu hi thng qua nhng ngi trung gian. Mt trong nhng ngi n gp Dodrupchen vi nhng cu hi l Tlku Tri-me, l ngi em lo thng v hc gi ca Dodrupchen. Dodrupchen t chi khng tip ngi, ni rng: Tht khng hay nu tip em ti m khng tip nhng ngi khc. Tuy nhin, Tlku Tri-me hi lng bi nhng minh gii cn thit m ngi lnh hi qua Rayop Rang-rik, th gi sng chi ca Dodrupchen. Trong Tu vin Dodrupchen c rt nhiu i hc gi, trong s h c bn i khenpo m hnh tng ca h c tin tri trong Tin tri B mt ca Lama Gongd. Tn ca cc ngi l Sershul Khenpo Ngawang Knga, Garwa Khenpo Jigme sal (?-1926), Amye Khenpo Tamch zer (?-1927), v Lushl Khenpo Knchok Drnme (1859-1936). Hu ht tt c nhng hc gi vo thi cc tnh Golok v Serta ca Ty Tng v ngoi ra nhiu tu vin Nyingma khc ca Kham, Gyarong, v Amdo l cc t ca Tu vin Dodrupchen. Mc d Dodrupchen tr thnh mt hc gi ni ting v mt ni nng ta bt dit cho rt nhiu ngi, tu vin ca ngi vn n s v nh b, bi ngi khng thc y tu vin thnh vng v mt vt cht, l iu c th lm con ngi xao lng Php chn thc. Ngi l mt n s n mt, v th rt kh hiu c b su ca nhng chng ng hay ci thy su xa ca ngi. Ging nh mt a tr, ngi khng kiu ngo v rt d gn, nhng tm ngi su xa v ngi ni s tht. Bi cch sng ca ngi n gin, di do phm hnh, s uyn thm thm trm, v gii lut m ngi tr gi trong sut cuc i, bt k khi no nhng ngi tr thc v c quyn hnh ti trc ngi, h hon ton tr nn khim tn, yn lng, v c iu phc trong s hin din ca ngi. Vo lc hon thnh vic xy dng mt i bo thp ti Gogen Thang trong Thung lng Ser, ngi c hnh l hin cng trong n tht. Nhng ht m ngi nm trong nghi l tc th ri trn bo thp cch xa n tht ca ngi mt ngy ri ng du hnh bng nga. Mc d Dodrupchen khng bao gi th c tc gii v vn gi gii lut ca mt sa di (shramanera), ngi tr gi nhng gii lut sa di ht sc nghim cn, chng hn nh khng n sau bui tra. Ngi ch th cho bn v khenpo, cc tu vin trng ca Tu vin Dodrupchen, hng dn tu vin trong nhng gii lut tu vin nghim cn nht, v n tr thnh mt t chc tu vin mu mc trong min Golok v xa hn na. Dodrupchen cng gi gn n tht ca ngi nh mt tr x tu vin. C ln Tertn Sgyal hi ngi: Phi ngu ca ti rt ao c c din kin ngi. B y c th ti gp ngi c khng? Dodrupchen suy ngh mt lt v ni: Ta ng nu c ngi ta ti ngng ca gp b y. Bi cho ti nay cha tng c ngi n

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b no vt qua ngng ca ca ta. V th, mt hm, ngi ta gip Dodrupchen xung gc i ti ca, v ngi ban gio l cho phi ngu ca Tertn Sgyal. Ngi ta tin rng mt trong nhng l do v sao ngi qu nghim nht v gii lut tu vin ca ngi l v nguyn c m Dodrupchen nh lp ra vo lc mt, nh cp trn. Mc d Dodrupchen khng khe mnh, ngi vn kin tr c sch v nghin cu. C ln anh ngi, Tlku Pema Dorje, hi ngi vi v lo u: Rinpoche, khi no ngi chm dt nhng vic nghin cu? Ngi tm ngng v ni: Khi ti t c Pht qu. Pema Dorje phn nn: , iu th qu xa! Dodrupchen bin son nm quyn sch gm nhng lun vn uyn o v hin gio (Kinh in) v mt gio (Mt in). Trong s nhng tc phm ny, bn vn Changchup Sempe Zung (Nhng K c ca ch v B Tt)274 c cc hc gi ht sc tn thn l mt tc phm c o cha tng c. Bn vn ny c vit rt sm, nhng ngi kt thc vo nm Thy Tut (1922). Tc phm Dzkyi Demik (Mt cng ca Guhyagarbha-myjla-tantra)275 tr thnh mt trong nhng bn vn quan trng nht ca phi Nyingma v nhng nghin cu Guhyagarbha-tantra, l bn vn gc ca Mahyoga v cng ca cc Mt in Nyingma ni chung. Ngoi ra, trong s nhng tc phm quan trng khc ca ngi c Terkyi Namshe, mt m t chi tit v vic khm ph nhng gio l huyn b n du,276 v Kyiduk Lamkhyer,277 mt bi php ngn nhng su xa v vic chuyn ha hnh phc v au kh thnh vic tu tp Pht gio. Khi Jampal Rlpe Lodr, thng c gi l Amdo Geshe, mt i hc gi phi Geluk v cng l mt v Thy ca Khyentse Chkyi Lodr, c bn vn Nhng K c ca ch v B Tt ca Dodrupchen, ngi ni: Bn vn ny khng do mt tm tr con ngi vit ra. N ch c th c vit bi mt bc nhn c nhng gia h ca c Vn Th, Bn Tn Tr tu. Amdo Geshe dng mt bn sao ca bn vn ny cho c t Lai Lt Ma th mi ba, ngi ni: Ngy nay, mt tc gi ca th loi ny tht him c trong x ny. Amdo Geshe li vi Khenpo Tamch ti tu vin Dodrupchen sut mt ma ng, nhng khng gp c Dodrupchen. Tuy nhin khi Amdo Geshe c bnh ging v Guhyagarbha-myjla-tantra ca Dodrupchen, ngi phn i nhng quan im c nht v nh ca phi Nyingma c a ra trong , v ngi mun c tranh lun vi Dodrupchen. Nghe cu chuyn ny, Sera Ringtreng, mt hc gi ca nhng bn vn Nyingma v Geluk, ni: Ti bit Amdo Geshe. Ngi l mt i hc gi v mt Lt ma k diu. Nhng xt cho cng, ngi l mt con ngi. Ti bit Rinpoche. Chng ta khng bit mt v Pht ra sao, ngoi tr vic ni: Mt v Pht l mt ng ht sc c bit. Rinpoche khng phi l mt con ngi. Ngi l mt bc ht sc c bit. T ti chng kin iu . Ri ngi ni thm: Nu Amdo Geshe mun, ti s tho lun vi ngi. Ngi ang t mu thun. Ngi tn thn tc phm u tin ca Rinpoche l mt tc phm ca mt ngi nhn c nhng gia h ca c Vn Th. Nu ng nh th, hn phi c nhng gia h ca c Vn Th cho tc phm k tip ca Rinpoche!278 Tuy nhin, cc ngi khng bao gi c c hi tranh lun. Trong nhng cuc phng vn ring v nhng bi din vn cng khai, c t Lai Lt Ma th mi bn hin ti cng tn thn nhng tc phm ca Dodrupchen tam l nhng tc phm uyn o v i nht v quan im Nyingma, v ngi khuyn nn c chng hc tp nhng quan im c nht v nh ca Nyingma.

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Ngi ni rng dng truyn ca s hiu bit ca ring ngi (hay chng ng) v Dzopa Chenpo v Nyingma n vi ngi trc tin t Dodrupchen tam nh c cc tc phm ca Dodrupchen. Trong bn khenpo ca Tu vin Dodrupchen, Garwa Khenpo l ngi gn gi vi ngi nht. Mt hm sau mt chuyn ving thm n tht, Khenpo tr v tu vin mun mt cch khc thng. Mt t ca ngi hi l do v sao ngi v mun, v ngi tr li: Chng ta ni v mt s iu vui v mt s iu bun. t hi: Chng ra sao? Khenpo ni; Rinpoche mun cht trc, v ta thuyt phc ngi ta cht trc. Khi hi: Ngi quyt nh ra sao? ngi tr li: Ta mun cht sm hn mt cht. Sau khong mt nm Khenpo mt, v sau t thng th Dodrupchen cng mt. Vi thng trc khi Dodrupchen mt, ngi ban nhng qun nh hng nm cui cng cho nhng ngi nhp tht. Theo Kyala Khenpo, l mt trong nhng ngi nhn qun nh, sc khe ca Rinpoche c v khng thay i. Tuy nhin, trong hai nm trc , vo cui l qun nh, khng ni nhng li nguyn c hay cu nguyn kit tng no, ngi lun lun lm mt c ch cho thy bui l chm dt, v sau mi ngi ra v. Nhng ln ny, lc kt thc l qun nh, Garwa Khenpo t cnh ca k cn bc vo khi ngi ang ch kt thc bui l, mc d cc t khng bit iu . Khi Dodrupchen ni: C cu ni ng khim tn trong vic lp nguyn, v th chng ta nn ni mt li c nguyn trang trng. c Khenpo hng dn, Dodrupchen v cc t cng ni nhiu li c nguyn di, k l mt bi cu nguyn kit tng di ca chnh Dodrupchen. Kyala Khenpo ni vi ti l ngi ngh: ! y l mt du hiu cho thy Rinpoche s khng cn ban qun nh na, v chc chn l s trao truyn qun nh cui cng ca ngi. Garwa Khenpo v Dodrupchen hoch nh trc tt c nhng iu ny. Ri mt hm, trong khi Dodrupchen ang bin son mt bnh ging v Me-ngak Tatreng (Trng Hoa nhng Gio hun v Ci Thy) ca Guru Rinpoche, ngi bo th gi bc bn tho li v tr n li k sch, v ni: Gi y l lc kt thc tc phm ca ta. Trong tng lai mt ngi ni ng ta l tlku ca ta s ti v hon tt bn vn ny. (Tuy nhin, cho ti nay khng c ai bin son mt bnh ging mi.) Sau ngi bt u c v au yu, v mt bui ti, ngi t ngt qua i tui su mi hai, vo nm Ha Dn (1926). C nhng du hiu thng thng khi nhng o s v i th tch, trong c hin tng mt t chn ng, nhng tia sng cu vng, v kh hu m p. Sau bn mi chn ngy nhc thn ca ngi c ha thiu, v di ct c lu gi trong bo thp vng hai tng ti Tu vin Dodrupchen.

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SHUKSEP LOCHEN CHNYI ZANGMO 1865 - 1953

JETSN Lochen Chnyi Zangmo279 ca ni vin Shuksep l mt trong nhng n o s li lc nht trong nhng th k va qua ca Pht gio Ty Tng. B sinh ngy mi lm thng ging nm Mc Su thuc Rabjung th mi bn (1865)280 gn Rewalsar, Himachal Pradesh, n . Khi b sinh ra tri t rung ng nh nhng, mt trn ma hoa xung v m thanh OM MA NI PADME HM vang ln t khng trung. Cng trong gi , ngi hu ca gia nh sinh mt b gi v con cu ca gia nh cng sinh con. Thn ph ca b l Tndrup Namgyal, tc l Thonglek Tashi, ngi Ty Tng, v thn mu l Pema Dlma, ngi Bhutan. Cha m ngi gp nhau trn ng i hnh hng v li n . Mc d cha m b xut thn t nhng gia nh kh gi, nhng h i n sng cuc i m bc ca nhng khch hnh hng v kht thc nui sng mnh. Cha m b chia tay khng lu sau khi b ra i, v b ln ln vi m gia s ngho nn vt cht nhng giu c tm linh. T thi th u Jetsn rt tn knh m v nhng ngi ln tui, ha ng vi bn b, sng m Php, t t i vi tt c chng sinh, c nhng iu huyn nhim v tr tu thin ph. Ty Tng c mt s ngi cht, tri qua nhng kinh nghim bardo, nhn thy nhng th gii khc nhau ca chng sinh hay nhng ci tnh ca ch Pht, v nhiu ngy sau tr v li thn th h. V sau h sng khe mnh v k li nhng cu chuyn v kinh nghim ca h trong nhiu nm. H c gi l Delok, nhng ngi tr v t ci cht. Jetsn c nhng cu chuyn Delok ca Karma Wangdzin v Nangza bum. Nh c nhng cu chuyn vi ln, b hc thuc lng tng t v ngha ca n. Mt m trong gic m, Jetsn nhn thy mt ngi n b Delok ht tng OM MANI PADME HM bng nhng giai iu quyn r. Jetsn ht cng vi b v chng t l ht cng hay nh ngi n b . Sau khi thc dy Jetsn vn nh v ht nhng giai iu y trc s kinh ngc ca bn b. 208

Cng vi m, Jetsn du hnh ti nhng ni t hi ng o chng hn nh cc ch ba v phin ch, thiu n y ti nng ph by nhng bc tranh ca c v nhng cu chuyn ca cc Delok, thut li nhng cu chuyn ca h, v ht OM MANI PADME HM bng ging ht m hn trong nhng giai iu khc nhau sut t sng n ti. Mi ni Jetsn i qua, c thu ht nhng m ng, v nhng ngi nghe c c gy truyn nim tin nghip qu v lng sng m i vi Pht php. Nhiu ngi khc khi nh li nhng c hnh ca h, nhiu ngi th khng lm nhng hnh vi xu c na, nhiu ngi cam kt sng cuc i tu tp Gio Php, v cng c nhiu ngi thc hin nhng l cng dng trng th. Nm mi ba tui, theo li khuyn ca mt s c Amdo tn l Lobzang Dlma, Jetsn v m i ti kar Trak gn Kyirong gp ch ca s c l ngi Pema Gyatso (cn gi l Chi-me Dorje, 1829-1890?),281 mt o s x Amdo. Pema Gyatso tr thnh mt trong nhng o s nh mnh ca Jetsn. Ngi l mt t ca Zhapkar Tsoktruk Rangtrl v Thatral Dorje.282 Thatral Dorje l mt t trc tip ca Dodrupchen nht. T Pema Gyatso Jetsn nhn cc gio l v Knzang Lame Zhalung (Li Vng ca Thy ti) v nhng qun nh Longchen Nyingthig. Lt ma ban cho Jetsn tt c cc gio l nhng i x vi b tht kht khe, nh Marpa i x vi Milarepa. Jetsn cng nhn cc gio l t Jinpa Norbu v Nangdze Dorje, cc t ca Zhapkar. Ti n tht Heri trong vng Nupri, Jetsn thc hin mt cuc nhp tht ba nm trong nhng hang ng v hon tt tu tp ngndro v nhng tr tng ca gio kha Longchen Nyingthig vin mn. Trong kha nhp tht ny Jetsn chng ng chn tnh v ht cho v Thy nghe bi ca chng ng ca b: ngha siu vt s hiu bit ca tm. S quang minh ca nng lc chi sng t nhin khng ngng dt. N m vang, nhng siu vt nhng t by ca ngn t. N trong sng, nhng vt ln s m t bng li ni. Bi s thanh thn trong tm con, con c c s xc tn n. Nhng kinh nghim i lc, quang minh, v vic thot khi nhng nim th h lc. Mi s to tc ca vic thnh mi [nhng kinh nghim trong tng lai] hay ui theo [nhng kinh nghim trong qu kh] tan bin. Khng ch mt ln, nhng con ang lin tc kinh nghim n. Con bt ci khi n xut hin t nhin trong con. Con xc tn rng khng c g tm kim mt ni no khc.283 Vi Pema Gyatso b ti Lhasa, v h cng nhn cc gio l t Dharma Senge. Nm 1890,284 Pema Gyatso mt, v mt thng sau Dharma Senge cng qua i. Dharma Senge bo cc t a cho Jetsn ci trng tay, chung, v kn trum pt dng cho cc nghi l cho ca ngi, nhng b ch nhn c kn trum pt. Jetsn cng nhn cc gio l t Trlzhik Kunzang Thongtrol ca Dongak Ling, Tertn Rang-rik Dorje (mt t ca Nyoshl Lungtok) ca Nyakrong, Dzogchen Rinpoche ng v Lama Sangye Tendzin, mt t ca Paltrl Rinpoche. Jetsn nhn Longchen Nyingthig v nhng trao truyn khc t Matrl Thekchok Jigme Pawo, mt t ca Khyentse Wangpo, v Rinchen Terdz t Zhechen Rabjam.

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Mi ngy, khng c ngoi l, Jetsn khng ngng thin nh v Gio Php v lm nhng Pht s. Ti Zangri Kharmar b nhn s trao truyn Taphak Yizhin Norbu t Thekchok Tenpe Gyaltsen, tlku ca Zhapkar, v c ban danh hiu Rigdzin Chnyi Zangmo. Taphak Yizhin Norbu l gio l v thc hnh chnh yu ca Chgyal Ngaki Wangpo v Zhapkar Tsoktruk Rangtrl. B thin nh v gio l ny trong n tht v kinh nghim nhiu iu. Nhng s vic gm c nhng vt rn c tr nn nh tnh, nhng cht nh tr thnh rn chc, v mi loi hnh tng v hnh nh xut hin trc b. Hn na, khi Jetsn tp trung i bt k ni u, b c th i ti ; b c th ni bng nhng ngn ng ca nhng ci gii khc nhau; b nhn thy nhng vic xy ra trong th gii nh th b ang nhn nhng ng ch tay; thn b y nhit; tm b trn y h lc; hu nh b khng th ngng ca ht hay nhy ma; tm b khng bao gi tch la s thin nh; v gic tnh ni ti ca b trong s nht nh, ni khng c s phn bit trung tm hay cc thi cc. Mt hm Jetsn c mun c nhn thy Karmapa [th mi lm] Khakhyap Dorje (1871-1922) Tsurphu, v b lp tc thy mnh ang trc mt ngi v nhn cc gia h. Khng c th gi no ca c Karmapa m cng khng c bn b no ca b bit c vic b ving thm tr x ca Karmapa hay vng mt lu nhp tht ca b. Sau ti Zang-ri Kharmar, bn thn Jetsn kinh nghim Delok, vic tr li t ci cht. Mt hm b ng trn mt t, thn b lnh i, v b ngng th. Lc u m ca Jetsn v cc bn hu ngh rng b cht, nhng sau m b nhn thy mt b l mt ca mt ngi sng, khng phi ca ngi cht (bi qu thc tng c nhng iu huyn diu trong sut cuc i b). H kim tra tim ca b, v tri tim c hi m, nh hi m trong thn mt con chim. iu xc nhn nim tin ca m b. Trong thi gian b kinh nghim ci cht - kinh nghim ny ko di ba tun l - b i ti Zangdol Palri, ci tnh ca Guru Rinpoche, v nhn nhng gia h v tin tri t Guru Rinpoche. Jetsn cng kinh nghim s du hnh gian kh qua tin trnh bardo, i mt Thn Cht, v nhn thy nhng au kh ca chng sinh trong nhng ci gii khc nhau. T Semnyi Deyang Rinpoche b nhn ton b qun nh v nhng trao truyn vn bn ca Longchen Nyingthig hai ln v cng nhn cc gio l v Yonten Rinpoche Dz. Jetsn thc hnh nhng gio l trong cc kha nhp tht, k c kha nhp tht tr tng ba nm v Longchen Nyingthig. Ph hp vi nhng tin tri ca Taklung Ma Rinpoche, Jetsn v m ca b c tr thng xuyn Shuksep, l ni v Thy Semnyi Rinpoche ca h cng ang sng. Sau m ca Jetsn, ngi chn mi chn tui v tng OM AMIDEVA [TABHA] HRH, thn ch ca c Pht Amitbha (A Di ), hng t ln, b nhn v phng ty, phng ca ci tnh ca c Pht A Di v ni: Trong i ny, trong i sau, v trong i trung gian, Trong tm con, cu mong pht sinh s nhm chn sinh t, thi phi thng ca lng thng yu i vi tt c chng sinh, v tri gic thanh tnh; Cu mong con hon thin s thnh tu ba iu thing ling; V cu mong con tr thnh mt vi Guru Amitbha.

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V b th tch. Sau ny Jetsn sng ti ni vin Shuksep gn Kangri Thkar, n tht chnh ca Longchen Rabjam. B ging dy v s ngi v c bit l cc s c v n c s trong gii qu tc ca min Trung Ty Tng cng nh nhng ngi bnh thng trong nhiu nm. B cng nhn nhng trao truyn t Kathok Situ Chkyi Gyatso, Gyarong Namtrl Drodul Karkyi Dorje, Khyungtrl Rinpoche, Dzogchen Khenpo Chs, v Lingtsang Gyalpo. Khuyn nh t ca b l Nordzin Wangmo, Jetsn vit: S t chng ng bn tnh tm ca ring ta c gi l gic tnh ni ti. Bng cch tnh ha v minh lm lc thnh s thun tnh nguyn s, Thnh tu t nhin ba thn Pht t sinh, V hon thin mi c hnh, con s t c s gii tan hin tng trong bn tnh ti thng. ngha siu vt nhng nim trong tm l ci thy (kin). S an tr trong ci thy khng xao lng bi hon cnh l thin nh. Gii thot tt c, mi s con lm l Pht s. Lm thun thc kt qu ca hnh ng l qu Bng cch bt u vic thin nh ca con vi thi thanh tnh vo lc u, Duy tr gic tnh ni ti l thc hnh chnh yu lc gia, v Hi hng chng bng tr tu thot khi nhng nim vo lc cui, Cu mong con hon thin ba phng din thing ling ca thin nh v t c gii thot. T truyn ca b chm dt vo nm Th Su (1949/50). Vo tui tm mi chn, cui nm Thy Thn thuc Rabjung th mi su (1953), b th tch ti Kangri Thkar. Jetsn Pemala (sinh nm 1955?), con gi ca ng v B Snam Kazi Sikkim, n , v Dorje Rapten (sinh nm 1954), con trai ca gia nh Traring Lhasa c xc nhn l cc tlku ca Jetsn Lochen.

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DZOGCHEN THUPTEN CHKYI DORJE NG 1872-1935

Dzogchen Rinpoche Thupten Chkyi Dorje ng285 sinh nm Thy Thn (1872) gn Chabdo Kham. Ngi c Khyentse Wangpo v nhng Lt ma khc xc nhn l tlku ca Dzogchen Rinpoche t v c tn phong ti Tu vin Dzogchen nm 1875. Rinpoche nhn nhng gio l v cc trao truyn b mt t Paltrl Rinpoche, Khyentse Wangpo, Kongtrl Lodr Thaye, Khenpo Pema Dorje v nhiu o s khc. Vi s h tr ca Gyakong Khenpo, Zhenpen Chkyi Nangwa, v nhng i hc gi khc, ngi bin Shrsimha, Hc vin Kinh in ca Tu vin Dzogchen, thnh mt trong nhng t chc ni ting ca vic nghin cu. Gyakong Khenpo l ha thn ca Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye v tc gi ca nhng ch gii v mi ba sch gio khoa uyn o chnh yu. Ngi dng hin i mnh cho vic pht trin tu vin ca ngi v v s nhng tu vin ph, du hnh v ging dy khng ngng ngh. Hot ng tch cc ca ngi trn y nhng iu huyn diu v thu th. Nh nng lc tin tri ca ngi, ngi xc nhn hu ht cc tlku quan trng ca phi Nyingma min ng Ty Tng, l nhng v sinh trong ba thp nin sau cng ca i ngi. Nhng ngi bit ngi u tin rng ngi l mt v Pht bng xng bng tht. Trong phn sau ca i ngi, Rinpoche sng vi khong hai mi hay ba mi tlku tr. Nh mt ngi cha, ngi gio dc h v t tay nui dng v chm sc vic n mc ca h - l mt vic hon ton khc thng i vi mt Lt ma cao cp. V sau, nhng tlku tr ny tr thnh nhng ngi phng s v i cho cc tu vin v nhiu ngi. Mt hm, ngi cho ngi i mi Nera Geshe ca Dege v yu cu v ny i vo rng v xem c g xy mt tu vin hay khng. Nera Geshe vo rng bi Rinpoche yu cu, nhng ng ch nhn quanh, ngh rng tm kim g chng ch li g bi ng ta thy chng c l do g xy mt tu vin. Nhng ng bo co 212

cho Rinpoche l trong rng c g xy tu vin. Sau mt thi gian ngn, tui su mi t (1935), thnh lnh Rinpoche qua i. Nm sau, ton b Tu vin Dzogchen b thiu ri trong mt trn ha hon khng l. Khi Nera Geshe mi hiu ti sao Rinpoche phi ng vo rng, v ng hin dng phn cn li ca i mnh xy dng li tu vin. Tlku ca ngi, Dzogchen Rinpoche lc, Jitral Changchup Dorje (19351958/1959), mt khi cn tr trong cuc bin ng chnh tr ca Ty Tng. Dzogchen Rinpoche tht Jigme Losal Wangpo (sinh nm 1964) sng trong Tu vin Dzogchen mi ca ngi hi ngoi ti min Nam n .

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GEKONG KHENPO KNZANG PALDEN 1872-1943286

KHENPO Kunzang Palden287 sinh ti Thung lng Dzachukha Kham vo nm Thy Thn thuc Rabjung th mi lm (1872). Ngi cng c gi l Thupten Knzang Trakpa v Gekong Khenpo Knpal. T thi th u ngi nhn nhng gio l ca Kinh in ln Mt in v ca dng Nyingthig, c bit l t Paltrl Rinpoche, ngi chm sc ngi nh a con rut. Khenpo sng gn Paltrl cho ti khi Paltrl Rinpoche mt. Khenpo thng c Kinh in ln ting trong khi Paltrl lng nghe. Khenpo c Khenpo Ynten Gyatso (Yon-ga) ca Tu vin Dzogchen cho th gii xut gia v tr thnh mt trong nhng nh truyn b v i nht ca gii lut tu vin. Ngi nghin cu hu ht cc bn vn uyn o vi npo Tendzin Norbu, chu ca Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye, v cng hc vi Ju Mipham Namgyal. Ngi tr thnh mt trong nhng hc gi v i. Ngi nhn nhiu s trao truyn, c bit l Longchen Nyingthig t Khyentse Wangpo, Dzogchen Rinpoche ng, Dodrupchen tam, v Dechen Dorje. Bng cch , ngi tr thnh mt trong nhng v h tr dng truyn tha v i ca dng Longchen Nyingthig. Ngi cng nhn nhng gio l v trao truyn t Adzom Drukpa, Kongtrl Ynten Gyatso, v Kathok Situ Chkyi Gyatso. Ti Thung lng Ser, t Ddjom Lingpa (1835-1903) ngi nhn nhng trao truyn cc gio l terma mi do Ddjom Lingpa khm ph. Ngi lp Tu vin Gekong Dzachukha lm tr x chnh ca ngi. Ngi l v Thy u tin ging dy ti Hc vin Kinh in mi ca Tu vin Khathok, cng vi Khenpo Ngawang Palzang l ngi tr ging ca ngi. Nm 1937, c hai v Dodrupchen t ti Dzachukha nhn nhng trao truyn gio l Nyingthig t Khenpo. Bi th lc ca ngi tr nn km st, vi rt nhiu gian kh, ngi ban nhng trao truyn Nyingthig Yabzhi v Longchen Nyingthig cho hai v Dodrupchen. Biu l nim vui ca ngi, ngi ni: Nhng trao

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truyn Nyingthig ca ta th c nht v nh v tnh cht xc thc v cht ch ca chng. By gi ta c th giao ph di sn ca cha cho cc con! Ngi sng tc nhiu tc phm quan trng, trong c nhng bnh ging v Ngeshe Dronme, Bodhicharyavatara (Nhp B Tt Hnh), v Nhng Cu chuyn v Lut. Nm by mi hai tui, vo nm Thy Mi (1943), vi nhiu du hiu k diu, ngi th tch v li nhiu x li nh i tng ca lng sng m cho cc t.

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3O

YUKHOK CHATRALWA CHYING RANGTROL 1872 1952

CHATRALWA Chying Rangtrl288 l Vimalamitra ch thc trong thn tng con ngi. Ngi sinh nm Thy Thn thuc Rabjung th mi lm (1872) trong Thung lng Yukhok. Thn ph ngi l Khyishl Tratse, v thn mu l Adzi Zawalo. Tn ngi l Chying Rangtrl (s Gii thot T nhin trong Php gii Ti thng) v ngi c gi l Yukhok Chatralwa, n s Thung lng Yukhok. Ngi c coi l mt tlku (ti sinh) ca Dola Jigme Kalzang. Nm mi mt tui, ngi c nhn vo Tu vin Lhatse thuc dng Palyl trong Thung lng Ser H. Nh s thng tu thin ph, vic hc tp ca ngi tin b nhanh chng. Ngi nhn nhiu s trao truyn t Lhatse Kyabgn. Hm hm, khi ang du hnh trn mt con ng nguy him trong Thung lng Do H thu thp lng thc cho vic hc tp v thin nh sau ny, ngi b mt con bo m v hai con ca n tn cng v ch nh nng lc ca li cu nguyn ca ngi m ngi sng st khng b chng n ngu nghin. Trong mt thi gian di sau ngi c nhng c mng v nhng con bo. Mt m trong mt gic mng mt ngi n b mang nhng con bo li cho ngi v ni: Nhng con bo ny l nhng xut hin ca ta, nhng ngi khng nhn ra iu . Sau nhng con bo tan bin vo ngi n b, v b cng tan bin vo mt ch v bin mt. Sau ny Kyabgn bo ngi: Kinh nghim ca ng v nhng con bo l s gi sch [sLong Tshad] nhng nim v cm xc n du ca ng, nhng n ko di cho ti by gi ng nhn ra n. By gi ng c th chin thng chng. Chatralwa c tiu s ca Milarepa v trong nm ngy ngi kinh nghim khng c nhng im quy chiu trong tm ngi, v t tm ngi ngi ngh trong s thanh thn. C ln Thy Lhatse Kyabgn ca ngi b bnh nng, v ngi mi mt o s terma y nng lc l Rolwe Dorje m i chng gi l Chagmo Tlku. Nh nhng gia h ca Chagmo Tlku, v Thy ca ngi khi bnh.

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Chatralwa nhn ra rng Chagmo Tlku s hu nhng gio l i Vin mn c nht v nh. Ngi khn cu Chagmo Tlku ban gio hun cho ngi. Thay vo , Chagmo Tlku khuyn Chatralwa i ti v Thy ca ring mnh l Dodrupchen tam thnh cu gio hun. Nhng Lhatse Kyabgn khng cho php Chatralwa i. Cui cng Chagmo Tlku ban cho ngi nhng gio hun v i Vin mn, k c nhng gio l v Yeshe Lama, ni rng: y l tinh ty nhng gio hun ca Dodrupchen. Vi s tinh tn ln lao, Chatralwa thin nh v nhng g ngi c dy. Sau mt tun, ngi cm nhn nhiu kinh nghim. Kh nghip (hay nng lc) do s bm chp ch th-i tng tan bin vo Php gii ti thng, v ngi an tr trong s vng bt ca cc t tng. khng phi l mt s v thc hay trng thi trung tnh ca tm. Ging nh nh sng ca mt ngn n trong mt ci bnh, ch Pht v cc ci tnh thng tr cng nh nhng m thanh ti thng hin din t nhin nh s chi li ca gic tnh ni ti (chn tnh ca tm), tr tu nguyn s. Nhiu nm sau ny, sau khi Lhatse Kyabgn mt, Chatralwa i thm Ddjom Lingpa (1835-1903) v nhn Nangjang v nhng gio l khc trong nhiu thng. Theo tin tri ca Ddjom Lingpa, ngi i thm Adzom Drukpa (1842-1924), v Thy nh mnh ca ngi, v nhn nhng gio l bt u t ngndro cho ti thin nh Trekch ca s thun tnh nguyn thy v thin nh Thgal ca s quang minh chi li, l nhng gio l c Khyentse Wangpo ph chc cho Adzom Drukpa. Ngi cng c ban cc trao truyn ca Nyingthig Yabzhi, Longchen Nyingthig, Chetsn Nyingthig, Gongpa Zangthal, v nhiu gio l khc. Ph hp vi tin tri ca Adzom Drukpa, ngi ti Thung lng Ser H truyn b cc gio l. Trn nh ca mt ngn ni cao, dc, ging nh c x c, ngi xy dng n tht ca ngi, l ni c gi l Yage Gar, Tri Tuyt ho. N cch lng Tsi vi dm, ni sinh ca Dodrupchen Rinpoche t. Chatralwa trong phn cn li ca i ngi, ch yu ging dy thin nh i Vin mn. Sau mt thi gian, Tertn Sgyal (1856-1926) t Tu vin Dodrupchen di chuyn ti Thung lng Ser Thng, v Chatralwa tri qua mt thi gian di vi ngi. Tertn Sgyal dy ngi Dzkyi Demik, mt bnh ging v Guhyagarbha-tantra ca Dodrupchen tam vo ban ngy v sal Nyingpo, mt bnh ging v Guhyagarbha-tantra ca Mipham Namgyal vo ban m. Ngi cng dy Chatralwa nhiu bnh ging khc v Guhyagarbha, v nhng gio hun v i Vin mn. Mi khi Tertn Sgyal tr v t nhng cuc ving thm Dodrupchen tam, tertn trao truyn nhng gio l quan trng m ngi nhn c hay nhng s tho lun ngi c vi Dodrupchen cho Chatralwa. Khi Chatralwa thut li cho chng ti iu ny, ti nh li li ngi: A-we! Ta khng qun chng. Lm sao ta c th qun nhng gio l vng nh th? Ta khng phi l k in. Lng sng m ca ngi i vi Dodrupchen tht to ln, nhng ngi khng bao gi c c hi gp Dodrupchen. Nm ti mi hai tui (1951), ti ti gp Chatralwa cng vi Thy Kyala Khenpo ca ti v vi ngi khc. Ti n tht ca ngi c khong hai trm tu s. Phn ln h sng trong nhng tp lu v hang ng nh xu c mt chic ging va lm gh ngi, trn h c th ng, ngi, thin nh, v nghin cu. Cnh ging c chic l nh dng nu tr trong khi ngi trn ging. Cnh chic gi c mt bn th nh vi vi quyn sch. Nhiu ngi hu nh khng th ng dy trong phng nh ca h. Nhiu t ang thc hnh thin nh i Vin mn, v ch thn

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Chatralwa hng dn h. Nhng a s cc t ang thc hnh cc bn vn Kinh in v Mt in di s hng dn ca nhng t thm nin ca ngi. Ln u tin ti nhn thy Chatralwa, n tng mnh m nht v ngi m ti c l v c xa, khng c du vt thi gian v tui tc ca ngi. Mt t tng xut hin trong ti: ! Rigdzin Jigme Lingpa hn cng nh th ny. Ngi ang ngi trn gh c bc vi. Ngi c mi tc xm, tha, mc di v c bn li cht t. Ti nh li cu ni ca ngi: Thy Adzom Drukpa ca ta ni vi ta rng ta nn sng cuc i ca mt hnh gi Mt tha, v ngi tin on rng ta s tr thnh mt tertn. Nhng ta khng mun lp gia nh, bi iu c th khin ta phi sng mt cuc i tranh u, m cng khng mun khm ph bt k gio l terma mi no, bi c qu nhiu gio l terma ch thc qu nh vng c th dng c. V th, nh mt tng trng cho vic tun th li dy ca Thy ta, ta gi mi tc di ny nh y phc hnh gi Mt tha. Mc d ngi khng bao gi gp Dodrupchen tam, mt na nhng gio l ca ngi l nhng trch dn t nhng tc phm ca Dodrupchen m ngi nhn qua Chagmo Tlku v Tertn Sgyal. Chatralwa c mt ngi nh kh ln, tin nghi, vi rt nhiu nh nng, trn ngp cc php kh v sch tn gio. Mt hm mt Lt ma ni ting tn l Rinchen Dargye ti thm ngi. Sau khi i vo phng ca Chatralwa, Lt ma c nhn quanh thay v ngi xung. Chatralwa hi ng ta bng ging gay gt: A-we! ng mt ci g th? Lt ma tr li: Ti nghe ni ngi l Chatralwa, mt n s. Nhng trn thc t th ngi thu thp c gi l mt ngi giu c. Chatralwa tr li: Chatralwa c ngha l mt ngi gi sch nhng tham luyn cm xc i vi vt cht th tc hay vi cuc i. N khng c ngha l ngho kh v khao kht vt cht nh nhiu ngi lm. Nu qu v cng dng ngi mt tng phm, hu nh chc chn l ngi s biu l cn thnh n, v thm ch ngi c th nm qu v ra ngoi. Nhng nu qu v sa son mt ci a tuyt p v em n ti cho ngi, ngi lun lun thng thc n vi cu ni ni ting: A-we! N ng gi hng trm con nga v hng ngn con b [mDzo]. Trong nhng nm u ca i ngi, ngi dy nhng bn vn Kinh in v Mt in uyn o cho cc t. Nhng nhng nm v sau ngi khng dy bn vn no na. Ngi ch ban nhng li ging lm sng t nhng vn khc nhau m cc t a li cho ngi v c bit l nhng gio hun v thin nh i Vin mn. Li ging dy thin nh i Vin mn ca ngi c gi l Nyamtri, nhng gio hun ph hp vi kinh nghim ca hnh gi. Ngi s ch dn ring tng t v cch bt u thin nh. Sau , ngi ban nhng gio l hay nhng ging ngha lm sng t ch ph hp vi nhng kinh nghim, vn , hay s tin b m cc t ang c. V th ngi ban nhng gia h, b quyt, v nhng h tr, nhng ngi cho cc t t mnh thc tnh, khai m, hay t nhn ra bn tm ca h. Hu ht cc t ca ngi sng trong cnh m bc, nhng h vui v, hi lng, an tnh, v bi mn. Nu qu v chng kin nim vui trn khun mt, s yn bnh trong ging ni, v im tnh trong nhng hot ng, v thin tm cng nh s ch li cho ngi khc ca h, qu v s c cm tng rng ci c gi l s thnh vng ca ci vt cht khng lin quan g ti nim vui chn tht ca cuc i. Khong nm 1940, Chatralwa b bnh ho m trm trng. Khng bo trc, Dodrupchen Thupten Thrinle Palzang ti, v sau khong mt gi, Chatralwa bt

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u n v sau hi phc, khng cn nhng triu chng ca cn bnh hay cn phi dng thuc na. Chatralwa ni n c rt tr cho Rinpoche v ni: Ti bun v l mt t c ca Dodrupchen, v th ti phi phng s ngi. Chatralwa khng bao gi c chnh thc tha nhn hay tn phong l tlku, nhng ngi c coi l tlku ca Jigme Kalzang. Nhng li ngi ni v vic ngi l mt t c ca Dodrupchen c coi l mt tha nhn ngi l ha thn ca Jigme Kalzang. Trong nhng ln gp g sau ny, Chatralwa ban tinh ty ca tt c gio l v trao truyn ca ngi cho Dodrupchen Rinpoche, nh th rt nc t ci bnh ny sang bnh khc. Nm tm mi mt tui, sc khe ca Chatralwa suy sp, v ngi bo cc t mi Dodrupchen Rinpoche n, khi v Thy ny ang Tu vin Dzogchen. Ngi ni rng khng cn c hnh bui l no cho ti khi Dodrupchen ti, v khi Dodrupchen ti, h nn v Thy ny lm bt k nhng g ngi thch. Nh th, vo ngy hai mi hai thng ging nm Thy Thn (1952), Chatralwa Chying Rangtrl th tch vo Php gii ti thng. Vi ngy sau khi ngi mt, Dodrupchen t Tu vin Dzogchen ti v c hnh tt c nhng bui l truyn thng. Nhiu t ca Chatralwa tr v n tht hay tu vin ca h, v mt s ti Tu vin Dodrupchen. n tht Yage Gar hu nh b gii tn. Tt c nhng ngy trng i tri qua ch trong thi gian t thng. nh du s chng ng ca ngi, Chatralwa vit: Khng th tch la bn tnh ca Php vng x Oddiyna [Guru Rinpoche], i cha i, Lt ma thnh tu, xin an tr trn nh u con. Cc i tng c tnh cht hin tng xut hin nh nng lc [ca tr tu], thun tnh xa ri nhng nhim t ngt, v, Bn tnh trm khp ca tm l s hp nht ca s thun tnh nguyn thy v s vin mn t nhin. Vi nhng hi c nh th, mc d khng c v p ca thi ca, Ta thch ht bi ca chng ng v nn tng, l s gii thot t lc ban u. Nh chng ng gic tnh ni ti su xa, l s khong t, v v ng, Nhng xut hin bn ngoi c gii thot nh s t do khng c im quy chiu. Sau khi tnh ha gic tnh ni ti v nhng i tng xut hin nh s hp nht trong nht th tnh, Vic hnh gi t c thnh ly trong nn tng t do t nguyn thy s c bo m. Khi vt ln mi hy vng v s hi phn bit ca l v khng l, Ng yn thanh thn, khng bn tm ti mi hot ng o c, th tht h lc! Nhng toan tnh v cc con ng v giai on, v nhng phn bit v nhng ci thy v thin nh Nhng vt che ph nh v trng ca tm hoi nghi b v nt. Phm tnh phi thng ca con ng l khng dng cng v thnh tu t nhin. Gic tnh ni ti khng b to tc ca bn tnh l tr tu nguyn s thnh tu t nhin. Tnh bnh ng ca sinh t v nit bn trong s thun tnh ca qu ca chng l s thot khi nhng phn bit.

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Nh th ta chng ng bn tnh ca Pht nguyn thy ti nn tng, v Gi y khng cn phi n lc t c Pht qu. Xin thin nh v i Vin mn. l nhng c hnh phi thng t ti. Ti ni Sangdzong, g hnh kht tn l Chying Rangtrl biu l t nhin bi ca h lc ny.

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KATHOK KHENPO NGAWANG PALZANG 1879 - 1941

KHENPO Ngawang Palzang289 Tu vin Kathok l mt trong nhng nh bin son, o s, v ngi truyn b dng Longchen Nyingthig v i nht trong th k ny. Ngi c coi nh mt tlku (ti sinh) ca Vimalamitra, v s khng cng iu khi gi ngi l Longchen Rabjam th hai. Ngi thng c bit vi danh hiu Khenpo Ngachung (Ngak Con), v trong nhiu tc phm ngi t k l sal Rinchen Nyingpo Pema Ledreltsal hay Pema Ledreltsal. y ti xin a ra mt bn tm tt t thut ca Khenpo, Ngotsar Gyume Rlgar (Mt Tr N a K diu ng Kinh ngc). Nu cc bn thch th khi c tiu s ca mt Lt ma v nhng thnh tu hc thut v tm linh th cc bn nn chn bn t thut ny. Trong mt vn phong p v c in nht tht him thy, bn tiu s ny gii thiu mt cuc i trng l. Khenpo sinh ngy mng mi thng mi nm Th Mo thuc Rabjung th mi lm (1879) gia nhng du hiu k diu ca nh sng cu vng v m nhc t trn khng. Cha ngi l Namgyal ca nhm b lc Nyoshl, v m ngi l Pematso thuc nhm b lc Juwa. C ngy ln m ca ngi trn ngp nh sng, nhng chng nghim, linh kin, m thanh l lng, v nhng giao tip vi cc bc linh thnh. Khi c ba ngy tui, ngi tng c thn ch Vajrakla khi ngi trong t th thin nh. Sut trong ma ng th nht, trong thi tit bng gi, em b ng vi m. Nhng b m khng th ng vi ngi v ngi pht ra qu nhiu nhit qua nng lc tm linh. B m ni: Con l ai, l con ca ma qu ? Ngi ht: Con n t hng Latrang pha ng, Con t kim sot nng lc v nhit. 221

Con tng thnh tu php Guhyasamaja. Nu m nhn ra con, con l Alak Rigdra. Trc s vic nh th b m ni: Ai m bit c? Hy im lng. Cha m v thn quyn ca ngi lo lng v a con khc thng ca h v c gi b mt vic ngi hin l nhng iu thn diu. Nm ln hai tui, cha ngi a ngi ti gp ngi Nyoshl Lungtok ti n tht Gyaduk. Nhn thy ngi, Lungtok biu l nim vui cc v ban s gia h cng qu tng cho ngi. Khi ngi ln nm, gia nh ngi v cng kh khn do mt trn lt, v mt hm ngi un mt nhnh cy thnh hnh dng mt phurbu (li dao linh thing), v ni: Con, nh Vimalamitra n , o ngc ging Sng Hng. X g con lch trong hm ni. M i, nhn xem iu tuyt vi ny ! Sau , ch cy phurbu vo con sng, ngi tng thn ch Vajrakla, v con sng i dng chy nh th b mt trn bo x y. Nm ln by, ngi c ngi ch dy c nhng bi nguyn. Khi ch dy mt ch th ngi c ch k tip thay v lp li theo ng. Ngi ch tr nn kh chu v ni: Ti sao chu c nho ln trc th ? Chu khng nhn din c cc ch. Khi ngi hc chm li v mt khong hai mi ngy hc trang u ca bi nguyn, v iu ny lm ngi ch hi lng. Vo mt bui ti, trong khi thiu thiu ng, ngi c ton b Zangpo Chpa, v ch ca ngi nhn ra rng ng ang i x vi mt ngi phi thng. Ch ngi em n cho ngi mt s bn vn mi, v Khenpo c tt c khng cht kh khn. Ch ngi thi a cc bi c cho ngi. T nm ln tm, ngi bt u nhn nhng gio l v qun nh t nhiu v thy. Nm mi lm tui, Khenchen Gyaltsen zer cho ngi th gii Sa di, v Nyoshl Lungtok dy ngi v tm quan trng ca vic tr gi cc gii nguyn. Cng vi Nyoshl Lungtok, ngi i ti n tht tn l Pema Ritho. , t Nyoshl Lungtok ngi nhn nhng gio hun chi tit v thc hnh ngndro v hon tt nhng tch tp ngndro. Trong thc hnh mn la thuc ngndro, ngi thy Longchen Rabjam trong mt gic mng. c Longchenpa t mt tri cu pha l ln u ngi v ni: Ah ! Bn tnh ca tm l tm gic ng. Ah ! Ah ! tnh Khng v i l phm vi ca Samantabhadra (Ph Hin). Ah ! Ah ! Gic Tnh ni ti m trng l Dharmakaya (Php Thn). Ah ! Ah ! T nm nh sng chi li pht sinh mi s. Ah ! Ah ! Bn tnh ca Gic Tnh ni ti siu vt ci thy v thin nh. Ah ! Ah ! Gi y cu mong chng c an lp trong tim con. Ah !

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Bi sc mnh ca lng sng m, Khenpo ngt i mt lt. T pho tng ca Longchen Rabjam trn bn th ca ngi ho ra x li. Nyoshl Lungtok ni vi nhng ngi khc rng Khenpo c th l ti sanh ca Vimalamitra trong th k ny, v Vimalamitra ha gi mt ha thn chnh ti Ty Tng trong mi th k truyn b gio l Nyingthig. Trc php guru yoga ca thc hnh ngndro, ngi nhn qun nh ca gio kho Longchen Nyingthig gm hai pho sch t Lt ma Atop, mt trong nhng t chnh cua Nyoshl Lungtok. Nyoshl Lungtok ch ban mt t l qun nh trong sut cuc i ging nh v Thy Paltrl ca ngi. Lungtok ban cho Khenpo nhng gio hun v Longchen Nyingthig ni chung v c bit l php guru yoga. Khenpo tr tng thn ch siddhi (thnh tu) ba mi triu ln v thc hin mt trm ngn ly di cng nhng hnh vi tn knh. T khi Khenpo bt u nhn cc gio l t Nyoshl Lungtok, ngi khng bao gi ngh tng d ch trong mt giy rng bc thy ca ngi l mt chng sinh bnh thng, m lun lun nhn Thy nh mt v Pht ton gic. Ngi cng khng th nh c c bao gi ni nng khng ng n vi cc bn Php (Php l) ca ngi. Sut trong thi gian tu tp ngndro, ngi duy tr kinh nghim rng tm ngi tan ha vo mt trng thi v nim v sau mi s xut hin khch quan u tan bin. V thy ca ngi lm gim bt v quan trng ca nhng kinh nghim v ni: l nn tng ph qut, mt trng thi trung tnh, nhng khng phi l bn tnh gic ng.290 Sau thc hnh guru yoga, Lungtok ban nhng gio l chi tit v tantra bao gm ba ci gc v nhiu bn vn khc. Khenpo thc hin mt cuc nhp tht tr tng nghim nht trong bn mi chn ngy v Rigdzin Dpa. Ngi t c s quang minh to ln trong giai on pht trin, tr tng thn ch siddhi mi triu ln v thn ch Rigdzin Chitril mt trm triu ln. Sau ngi thc hin mt cuc nhp tht mt thng v Yumka Dechen Gyalmo v thc hnh ngy ln m. Ngi c th nghe nng lc m thanh ca thn ch m khng cn n lc. Ngi c mt chng ng phi thng rng nhng th kin v cc hnh tng linh thnh hay bnh phm ch n thun l nhng s xut hin v nh danh do tm thc to tc. Nm hai mi tui, bi c Lungtok tn tnh khuyn bo, Khenpo th c tc gii t ngi Atop. V sau, ngi tr gi mi mt trong 253 gii ca mt nh s v khng gi ngoi vt no cho ring mnh. Khi phi gi cc ngoi vt phng s Gio Php hay cho ngi khc, ngi ch gi chng sau khi tr tng ttren (Dus Dran), mt cch thc t nhc nh v chnh nim v mc ch, do ngi Panchen Lobzang Chgyen bin son. V thy ca ngi ban cho ngi cc gio l chi tit v cuc i v s trng th. Sau Khenpo thc hin mt cuc nhp tht mt trm ngy v thc hnh trng th ca Longchen Nyingthig. Sau nhiu ngy tr tng, ngi thy nh sng pht ra t nhng vin thuc trng th trn bn th, v sau chng tan thnh nh sng. Do ch tm tu tp v nng lc (kh), ngi chng nghim cc thnh tu v s thm nhp, an tr, v ton thin ca nhng nng lc ca ngi trong kinh mch trung ng. Bng php yoga ni nhit, ngi chng nghim i lc v nhit trong thn v s hp nht ca lc v tnh Khng trong tm ngi. S tip xc vi ci lnh hoc nng bn ngoi khin ngi pht sinh nhit v lc. Nh tu tp v tinh cht vi t, chng bao lu tm v cc nim tng ca ngi ngng dt. Ngi an tr trong mt

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trng thi v nim su dy, nh ang ng, nhng trc tin vi s khong t ri tm thc cng tan ha trong trng thi hp nht ca tnh Khng v quang minh. Ngi c th an tr trong trng thi nh th trong sut mt kho thin nh. Khi Khenpo hai mi mt tui, mi ngy Nyoshl Lungtok ban cho ngi t dng gio l Nyingthig thm su. Sau mi gio l, Khenpo thin nh v ngha ca gio hun trong nhiu ngy, v sau l cc cuc tho lun v minh gii. Thy Lungtok ging rng ngi nhn s truyn dy Nyingthig t Dzogchen Rinpoche t xut pht t Jigme Lingpa qua dng truyn tha ca Dodrupchen. Ngi cng nhn s truyn dy t Paltrl Rinpoche ln Khyentse Wangpo n t Jigme Lingpa qua dng truyn tha ca Gyalwe Nyuku. Trong nhng tu tp ny, Khenpo pht trin mt s xc tn khng th nghi ng rng iu m ngi chng nghim sut trong cc tu tp ngndro ca ngi l kinh nghim v trng thi v nim, sau kinh nghim mi s xut hin khch quan tan bin - th khng n thun l s vng mt ca cc t tng m l s hp nht trn tri ca gic tnh ni ti v tnh Khng. Ngi trnh by xc quyt ca mnh cho v thy. V thy ci v ni: Trong thi gian cc tu tp tm thc chun b [Blo sByong] ca thc hnh ngndro, ng ni v mt s thin nh [v trng thi v nim] v s tan bin ca cc s xut hin khch quan. l ci n l. C hai loi t tng, cc t tng ch quan v cc t tng khch quan. Trong thin nh ca cc bc chng ng, trc tin bm nm ch quan ca h tan bin. Vo lc y, khi t tng khch quan cha b tan bin, s l nhng t tng v cc s xut hin (cc hnh tng). Sau nhng g cc t tng bm nu mt cch khch quan s tan bin, v ri ngay c nhng s xut hin n thun cng s khng c mt trc tm thin nh. Khenpo l mt ngi ti ba nht, c kinh nghim v chn tnh trong cc tu tp thin nh lc ban u ca ngi. Tuy nhin, v thy ca ngi khng ni vi ngi rng y l mt chng ng quan trng. Nu v thy ni iu ny qu sm, trong tm Khenpo c th pht sinh mt s bm nu nim vi t, mt s dnh mc vo ci c gi l s chng ng quan trng, v thay v Khenpo c khuyn khch bi vic t c chng ng vng chc, ngi c th b xao lng khi hnh trnh tu tp. chnh l l do ti sao Paltrl Rinpoche ni: ng vi gi n l Php Thn ! Sau Nyoshl Lungtok ban mt trong nhng qun nh him hoi nht ca ngi, mt Yeshe La-me Tsalwang, l qun nh nng lc gic tnh ni ti (hay s nhp mn bn tnh ca tm) nh c ban cho trong Yeshe Lama. Tip theo l cc gio l v gio hun thm su i Vin mn, bao gm Chying Rinpoche Dzo. K v thy ca ngi bo Khenpo rng gi y ngi nn n Tu vin Dzogchen nghin cu cc bn vn uyn o. Ngi nghe ni rng Mipham Namgyal cng ang n dy ti tu vin. Khenpo khng mun i nhng phi tun li thy. Vi mt mn qu gm mi ba ci bnh ng nu v mt khn chong di, v thy tm bit t ca mnh bng nhng li cu nguyn ri ni thm: Ta ang thi thc con, trao quyn cho con, v chng nhn con l ngi h tr bc th mi ba, trng thi ca Vajradhara (Kim Cng Tr). Vi tri tim nng tru, Khenpo cu nguyn v cui cng t gi v thy. Cui nm hai mi hai tui, Khenpo ti Tu vin Dzogchen. Cng ngi Minyak Lama Rigdzin Dorje v nhng ngi khc, ngi nghin cu Madhyamaklamkra

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ca Shantarakshita, Tsema Rikter ca Sakya Pandita, Don Namnge, Kagye Namshe, v sal Nyingpo v Guhyagarbha ca Mipham. Vi Khenpo Losal ngi nghin cu Domtik Paksam Nye ca Dharmashr, Mahayana-sutralamkara (i tha Trang nghim Kinh lun), Madhayanta-vibhanga, v Dharmadharmatavibhanga vi cc bnh ging ca Rongtn, Uttaratantra (i Tha Ti Thng Mt in) vi bnh ging ca Dlpo, Guhyagarbha vi cc bnh ging ca Longchen Rabjam, Rongzom, v Yungtn, Thekchen Tsljuk v Nangwa Lhadrup ca Rongzom, Ynten Dz vi cc bnh ging ca Dodrupchen v Tentar Lharampa, v Semnyi Ngalso v Gyuma Ngalso. Vi Khenpo Snam Chphel ngi nghin cu Abhisamaylamkra (Hin Qun Trang nghim) vi cc bnh ging ca Je Tsongkhapa v Paltrl, Bodhicharyvatra (Nhp B Tt Hnh) vi cc bnh ging ca Nglchu Thogme v Knzang Snam, v Norbu Ketara ca Mipham, Prajnnma-mla-madhyamaka, Chatuhshatakashstra, Dltik Rinchen Trengwa, Dlwa Tsotik, Longchen Nyingtig Tsalung, Sangdak Gonggyen, v nhng tc phm khc. T Mura Tlku Pema Dechen ngi nhn nhiu l qun nh v gio l v Yeshe Lama v nhng kinh in khc. T Khenpo Konchok Norbu ngi nhn cc gio hun duy nht ca Paltrl v Bodhicharyvatra (Nhp B Tt Hnh). Vi Apal ngi nghin cu Abhidharmakosha (A t t ma Cu x lun) vi bnh ging v cc bnh ging ca Gyalp Se, Chimchen, v Chimchung. Khenpo c mt qung thi gian cam kh thu sut li ging dy t m ca Apal. Ngi i ti tng Shrsimha, ni c ln ngi Paltrl ging Abhidharmakosha v c nguyn c th hiu c nhng g ngi Vasubandhu linh th trong bn vn ca ngi. Ngi ri vo gic ng v trong mt gic m c Vasubandhu (Th Thn) gia h, v Khenpo nh li ngi tng l Sthiramati, t chnh ca Vasubandhu. Sau ln , ngi c th thu hiu cc gio l. Sau Mipham Namgyal ti v n tht Nakchung ca Tu vin Dzogchen bin son tc phm Khepala Jukpa. Mt hm Khenpo ti thm ngi, v chnh trong ngy y Mipham hon thnh Khepala Jukpa, Mipham trao bn vn cho Khenpo v thi thc ngi ging dy n. Khenpo cng nhn l qun nh Jampal Gyluk. Ngi cng nhn cc qun nh Knchok Chidu t Dzogchen Rinpoche th nm, Gongpa Dpa v Khandro Nyingthig t Drukpa Kuchen ca Tu vin Dzogchen. Cui nm hai mi bn tui (1902), ngi tr v n tht ca v thy v au bun khi bit tin ngi mt vo ngy hai mi lm thng nm nm ngoi. Ngi lm mt cuc nhp tht tr tng ba thng v Vajrakla Dpung Zilnn ca Longchen Nyingthig. Ngi cng thc hin cc tic cng dng v ban gio l cho mi ngi. Ri ngi i ti n tht Kading v lm nhng cuc nhp tht v Sdhana Myjla Ha bnh v Phn n v Jampal Gyluk v ban cc gio l. Ngi thin nh v Thgal v nhn thy nh sng v hnh nh ca ch Pht trn y khng gian, v sau nng lc ca gic tnh ni ti trong hnh tng ca giy xch kim cng, tr hu vi t nht, tan bin thnh php gii ni ti ti hu. Bng cch thc hnh nh th, ngi t ti bn tnh ti hu ca tr hu nguyn s, s hp nht trn tri ca gic tnh ni ti v tnh Khng. Mi cu trc ca kinh nghim tiu tan. Mi s bm nu ch quan v khch quan b ph hu. Trong trn na ngy, ngi an tr trong s quang minh chi ngi thot khi cc nim tng. Nh mt du hiu ca 225

vic ngi nhn ra rng cc hnh tng khng tht nh chng c cho l th, ci chung ca ngi ri trn mt tng , v thay v ci chung b v nh bnh thng, c mt du vt ca ci chung trn tng v cng c mt du vt ca tng trn ci chung. Trong khi thin nh v Khandro Yangtig, trong mt linh kin ngi i ti ci tnh v song trong hnh tng ca Lhacham Pemasal v nhn cc qun nh t v th lnh ca cc dkin v c ban php danh sal Rinchen Nyingpo Pema Ledreltsal. Cng nh Longchen Rabjam, ngi nhn s truyn dy t Rigdzin Kumrdza. Nm ngi hai mi chn tui, m ngi mt gia nhng biu hin nh sng v ng t. T Terchen Ngawang Tendzin ngi nhn cc s truyn dy nguyn bn ca Nyingma Gybum. Sau , ngi i ti Tu vin Dzogchen mt ln na. Vi Khenpo Lhagyal ca Dzogchen ngi nghin cu Pramnavrttika, v vi Khenpo Zhen-ga ngi nghin cu cc bnh ging v Madhyamakvatra (Nhp Trung Lun) v nhiu kinh in khc. Sau Dzogchen Rinpoche mun b nhim ngi lm mt khenpo, mt tu vin trng ca Tu vin Dzogchen, nhng ngi t chi, v ngi c ngi Lungtok ch th khng dy ti Tu vin Dzogchen m ti dy ti Tu vin Kathok. Ngi tr v Jnpa Lung, tr x ca v thy ca ngi, v bt u ban thm cc gio l. Sut trong l qun nh Yumka Dechen Gyalmo, cht cam l si ln trn bn th mt m, v cc ch chng t c vit trn mt tm gng c mu sc ni bt ln (Bur Dod). Trong thi gian truyn dy bn vn Dzdun, mt ngi n b v danh vi nhiu mn trang sc qu gi c mt mt lc ri bin mt. Khi Khenpo ang ban gio l Semnyi Ngalso, ton th thung lng trn ngp nh sng cu vng. T ngi Adzom Drukpa, ngi nhn qun nh Gongpa Zangthal, Khandro Yangtig, v Lama Yangtig v cc gio l ngndro cng cc thc hnh thc s Dorje Nyingpo. Nm ba mi tui, do li mi ca Kathok Situ Chkyi Gyatso (1880-1925), ngi i ti Tu vin Kathok. ngi c ch nh l mt tr gio (sKyor dPon) trong shedra hay hc vin kinh in mi m. Khenpo Kunpal ging dy Domsum Rabye, Pramanavarttika, Tsema Rikter, Yizhin Dzo, Men-ngak Dzo, v Choying Dzo, v Khenpo Ngachung duyt li gio l cho cc hc vin. Nm ngi ba mi mt tui, Khenpo Knpal phi tr v Dzachukha. Khenpo Ngachung k tc ngi lm khenpo ca shedra (Hc vin Kinh in) v ging dy nhiu bn vn trong mi ba nm. Mi ngy ngi ban t nht ba bi ging v i khi by bi. Ngi cng ban cc qun nh, bao gm Nyingthig Yabzhi v Longchen Nyingthig hai mi by ln, Dorje Nyingpo ba ln, v s truyn dy bn vn Dzdun mi ba ln. Ngi cho hn bn ngn v s th c tc gii. Trong khi ging dy, ngi th nhn Rinchen Terdz, Ddl, v nhiu s truyn dy khc t Kathok Situ, Jewn Rinpoche, v Khenpo Gyaltsen zer. T Detso Khenpo Snam Palden x Golok, ngi nhn gio l Lamrim Chenmo v nhiu gio l Geluk khc. T Pema Norbu th hai (1887-1932), ngi nhn Namch, Ratna Lingpa, Chagter, Minling Terch, Jatsn, v Trlthik.

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Mt ln na, ngi tr li Jonpa Lung v thit lp mt tu vin theo li dy ca Kathok Situ. Sau ngi i ti Tu vin Palyl bt u mt shedra. Ngi ban nhiu gio l ngn, k c Bodhicharyvatra (Nhp B Tt Hnh). Ri ngi ti Tu vin Tralak Shedrup Ling trong Thung lng Da theo li mi ca Chaktsa Tlku v ban qun nh Rinchen Terdz, cng vi nhiu gio l v truyn dy khc. Ti Namoche trong Thung lng Nyi Thng ngi ban cc qun nh Nyingthig Yabzhi v Longchen Nyingthig trong mt tri v ban cc gio l ngndro v Yeshe Lama. Nm ngi bn mi by tui (1925), theo ch th ca Kathok Situ, mt cuc t hi ca mt ngn tu s l t ca truyn thng Katok c thnh mi ti Tu vin Kathok. Khenpo v nhiu ngi khc t hi, nhng Kathok Situ b bnh nng v nhanh chng qua i. Khenpo ban cc qun nh Rinchen Terdz. Nm bn mi chn tui, ngi thin nh v nhiu sdhana chnh yu ca Nyingma trong n tht v chng nghim nhiu thnh tu v linh kin. c bit l trong thi gian thin nh v Ladrup Thigle Gyachen, ngi c mt linh kin v Longchen Rabjam v c truyn cm hng vit cc bn vn v Nyingthig. Kt qu l ngi bin son cc tc phm ni ting nht ca ngi, Knzang Thukkyi Tikka v Yeshe Lama, Nyen-gy Chuw Chd v Trekch, Khandro Thukkyi Tilaka v Thgal, v Nyime Nangwa v Trekch ln Thgal. Nm nm mi mt tui, ngi ving thm Markham v ban cc qun nh Nyingthig Yabzhi, Longchen Nyingthig, Rinchen Terdz v cc gio l Ngalso Korsum v Yeshe Lama. Sau ti Tu vin Gyalse ngi ban nhiu qun nh v gio l, cng nhn v tn phong tlku ca Gyalse. Ngi cng ving thm tri Nyakla Changchup Dorje v lm l th gii cho su mi t ngi d tuyn lm sa di hay tu s. Nm nm mi t tui (1932), ngi ti Tu vin Tralak Thung lng Da thit lp mt shedra. Ngay sau ngi cm thy Pema Norbu th hai ang hp hi, v Khenpo ving thm v Thy ny trong thn thin nh ca ngi v ni v tng lai. Pema Norbu bo ngi rng bi thn ngi b h hng do bnh tt v ngi s cht. Khenpo gi ngi v ci Tnh ca c Pht A Di , nhng Pema Norbu mun ti ti Pema , ci tnh ca Guru Rinpoche, v tr li truyn b gio l Nyingthig. Chng bao lu Khenpo nhn c tin tnh trng ca Pema Norbu rt trm trng, v Khenpo cp bch ln ng n ch ngi. Bi chuyn i ko di nhiu ngy nn khi ngi ti ni th Pema Norbu mt trc nm ngy. Theo khn cu ca Khyentse Chkyi Lodr, Khenpo ti Kathok iu khin l tn phong tlku ca Kathok Situ. Nm nm mi lm tui (1933) ngi thc hin mt cuc nhp tht tr tng v Vajrakla Yangsang La-me c Ratna Lingpa khm ph, ngi c mt linh kin v Yeshe Tsogyal, v nhn cc thnh tu Vajrakla. T thut ca ngi chm dt nm ngi nm mi lm tui. Nm su mi hai tui (1941), ngi th tch vi cc du hiu k diu. Nhng cn lu nh sng un cong trn a im, ngi ta nghe c m nhc v cm thy mt t rung chuyn. Shedrup Tenpe Nyima, tlku ca Nyoshl Lungtok, v Gyurme Dorje, nam t ca Adzom Drukpa, ch ta l ha thiu.

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32

ALAK ZENKAR PEMA NGDRUP RLWE DORJE 1881-1943

Alak Zenkar Pema Ngdrup Rlwe Dorje nht,291 ha thn ca Do Khyentse, sinh Rekong, Amdo. Hn su thp nin trc khi ngi sinh ra, Dodrupchen nht tin tri vic ngi ra i, ni rng: T min Ah s xut hin mt ngi tn l Pema Ngdrup, Ha thn ca Khyentse, trong hnh tng ca mt nh tu kh hnh. Bt k ai c mi lin h vi ngi s t c gii thot khi su ci. Alak Zenkar nhn nhng trao truyn t Gurung Tlku Rinpoche, t ca Mipham (1846-1912). Sau ny, v Thy ca ngi gi ngi ti Dege, ni rng: V Thy nh mnh ca con l Mipham Rinpoche. Con khng th gp ngi, nhng con phi c gng! Ngi ni thm: Khi , trong mt tu vin bn di mt tng mu hi , con s nhn nhng trao truyn gio l terma ca Do Khyentse. cng s l ni con nn an tr. Khi ngi n gn Tu vin Zhechen, ngi c mt linh kin nh gic m trong ngi nhn thy mt chten (bo thp) bng pha l. Mt Lt ma trong b y phc hc gi ang ngi trong ca s ca ci bnh chten. Ngi nghe nhng gio hun ct ty v thin nh ca Lt ma. Sau Lt ma v chten tan thnh nh sng trong hnh dng nhng ch vit tng trng. Cui cng nhng ch vit tng trng bng nh sng tan vo ngi. Ngay lc , ngi kinh nghim ton b con ngi ngi tan thnh bn tnh tnh gic ni ti c hu ca ring ngi, v ton b cc hin tng xut hin nh thn, ng v tm ca c Pht, hon ton bt kh phn vi tr tu chng ng ca ring ngi. l s trao truyn ti thng ngi nhn t Mipham. Sau ngi i ti Tu vin Zechen v t lng tn knh vi di ct ca Mipham qu c.

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Sau ngi ti Tu vin Dzogchen v nhn nhng trao truyn t Dzogchen Rinpoche ng v nghin cu Guhyagarbha-tantra vi Gyakong Khenpo. Ngi cng nhn gio l t Kathok Situ Chkyi Gyatso v Dzom-Drukpa. Khi nh li tin tri ca Gurung v ni ngi nn an tr, ngi i ti min Geshe x Gyarong. Khi ngi ti Mirha (Maha) v nhn thy Tu vin Kyilung (sKyid Lung), mt trong nhng tr x chnh ca Do Khyentse di mt tng c mu hi , ngi oan chc rng y l ch n ca ngi. Do Khyentse khuyn cc t ca ngi lc ngi mt: ng c gng tm tlku ca ta trong mt cch th ph trng. Bn thn ta s xut hin nh mt nh tu kh hnh t ni no chm sc tu vin. Tuy th, trong mt thi gian di, khng ai bit rng Alak Zenkar chnh l nh kh hnh . Khi Alak Zenkar tui ba mi hay ln hn, ngi cui hng trong cc tu s ca tu vin. T Khenpo Rikten, ngi nhn nhng trao truyn cc gio l terma ca Do Khyentse. Mi ngi gi ngi l Alak Zenkar, o s vi Khn chong Trng, bi ngi ang khoc mt chic khn trng. Chng bao lu ngi ta nhn ra s uyn bc v chng ng su xa ca ngi. Ngi nh li nhiu hnh vi trong qu kh ca Do Khyentse tu vin, l iu m ch c mt t t gi cn sng l nh c. Ngi cng c danh hiu m Dodrupchen tin tri. Tt c nhng du hiu ny thuyt phc mi ngi rng ngi l tlku ca Do Khyentse m h ch i nhiu thp nin. Ngi ging dy v trng nom Tu vin Kyilung v mi ba tu vin ph ca n. Sau ngi xy mt n tht tn l Ogyen Khachdo v ngi thng sng y. Sau ny trong i ngi, ngi m rng ca i vi tt c mi ngi, tng, ni, c s nam, c s n u tng t nh nhau. Ngi dy h v c hnh nhng l tsok cng vi h, nhy ma vi nhng bi ca du gi, dng chung nhng chic tch v a khi chia s thc phm v thc ung, l iu him c i vi vn ha Ty Tng. Mt trong nhiu bi ca du gi ph thng ca ngi bt u bng: Trong Php gii ti thng ca s thun tnh nguyn thy Nhng mu sc [t-xut hin] khng hin hu nh thc c. Khi hon thin nng lc xut hin t nhin ca gic tnh ni ti, Vic thnh tu thot khi s bm chp vo ci ta l Php thn. Ngi khng bao gi i nga m lun lun i b. Tuy nhin trong nhiu dp ngi xut hin bng nng lc k diu ca ngi trong mt thi gian ngn, t mt ni cch xa nhiu ngy ng, v khng th no khng nh l lm th no ngi ti c. Nm su mi ba tui (1943), trong mt bui t hi khc thng, khi ung bng mt ci tch, ngi ni: Chic tch ny dnh ring cho ta. T ta phi ung n. Sau khi ung, ngi ni: Thc ung ny c tm thuc c. Ta c cng dng thuc c ny ln th ba bi cng mt ngi. Ln ny ta dng n bi thi im ci cht ca ta cng ti. Sau ngi buc mi ngi c mt phi ha s khng lm hi ngi bng mi cch v vit mt di chc ni r yu cu . V ngi th tch vi nhng du hiu k diu. Tlku (ti sinh) ca ngi, Alak Zenkar Thupten Nyima Rinpoche (sinh nm 1943), tr thnh mt trong nhng nh sng li lc nht trong vic hi sinh ca Pht gio v vn hc Ty Tng Kham trong nhng thp k gn y.

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DZONGSAR KHYENTSE CHKYI LODR 1893-1959

KYABJE Khyentse Chkyi Lodr 292 ca Tu vin Dzongsar l o s v i nht ca nhiu dng truyn tha ca th k ny (th k 20). Ngi sinh nm Thy T thuc Rabjung th mi lm (1893) ti Rekhe Ajam gn Tu vin Kathok. Thn ph ngi l mt o s Mt tha tn l Gyurme Tsewang Gyatso, chu ca Tertn Ddl Rlpatsal Thung lng Ser ti Amdo, v thn mu ngi l Tsltrim Tso Thung lng Ser ti Amdo. Thn ph ngi t tn cho ngi l Jamyang Chkyi Lodr. Nm ln su tui, Khyentse hc c cc bn vn vi ch ca ngi tht d dng. Khi ngi ln by tui, Kathok Situ Chkyi Gyatso, chu ca Khyentse Wangpo, a ngi v Tu vin Kathok v tn phong ngi l hin l-hnh ng ca Khyentse Wangpo, nh c Kongtrl Ynten Gyatso tin tri. Situ c hnh l xung tc v t tn cho ngi l Jamyang Lodr Gyatso. Situ ch nh thy tr gio ring ca ngi l Khenpo Thuten Rigdzin dy d Khyentse, v di s ch dy ca v Thy, Khyentse hc nhng bi cu nguyn, vn phm, thut chim tinh, Phn ng, v nhiu Kinh in khc. T Kathok Situ ngi nhn s trao truyn Nyingthig Yabzhi, cc gio kha Longsal, v nhiu Kinh in khc, v Situ tr thnh ngi quan trng nht cho con ng tm linh v cuc i th tc ca ngi. T Adzom Drukpa Thung lng Trom ngi nhn nhng trao truyn Longchen Nyingthig, Gongpa Zangthal, Lama Yangtig, v s khai tm vo thin nh Trech. Khi Khyentse mi ba tui, thy tr gio ca ngi, ngi chm sc ngi nh mt ngi cha, mt sau khi lm trng bnh trong ba nm. Trong nhng nm cui cng ny, ch thn Khyentse chm sc Thy, nu nng, ra ry, cho Thy ung nc v v.v.. Khyentse tin rng s hu h ca ngi khng ch lm vui lng Thy tr 230

gio m cn tnh ha nhng phm tnh trong bn thn ngi. Sau khi Thy tr gio mt, Khyentse hc Domsum, Ynten Dz, Yibzhi Dz, Khenjuk, v nhng bn vn ca Asanga (V Trc) vi Kathok Situ, Khenpo Kunpal, v nhiu v Thy khc. Khi ngi mi lm tui, bi Khyentse Tulku tr tui Tu vin Dzongsar mt, Chkyi Lodr di tr x chnh ca ngi ti Dzongsar, tr x ca Khyentse Wangpo. Vi mt ngi tr tui nh th th vic tip nhn tr x chnh qu l mt thch thc kh khn khi ngi phi t mnh trong mt hon cnh mi m, ng u vi rt nhiu s chng i. Nhng dn dn ngi lm yn du mi s bng nng lc ca s thin xo, v y, khoan dung, v bi mn ca ngi. Cng vi Khenpo Champa Wangchuk ngi nghin cu Abhidharma (A t m, A t t ma), Abhisamaylamkra (Hin Qun Trang nghim), v Madhyamakvatra (Nhp Trung Lun). Chng bao lu bn thn ngi bt u ging dy nhiu bn vn cho cc hc vin c tuyn chn ti Dzongsar. Nm mi by tui, ngi nhn t Thartse Pnlop Loter Wangpo nhng trao truyn Lamde Lopshe ca phi Sakya, tantra Hevajra, v nhng kinh in khc. Nm mi tm tui, t thn ph, ngi nhn nhng trao truyn Rinchen Terdz v nhng gio l terma ca Chogling. Nm mi chn tui, t Khenpo Samten Lodr ngi nhn Drupthap Knt v nhng trao truyn khc. Trong nm thn ph ngi, o s ca cc Mt in, qua i. Nm hai mi tui, ngi nhn nhiu trao truyn t Thartse Zhaptrung Champa Knzang Tenpe Nyima, nhng sau Lt ma mt. Nm hai mi su, ngi i ti Tu vin Dzogchen v th gii xut gia t Khenpo Jigme Pema Losal. Ngoi ra, t Zhechen Gyaltsap ngi nhn nhng trao truyn Changter, terma Minling, v nhiu gio l khc. Cng trong nm ny, ngi thit lp mt shedra (Hc vin Kinh in) c gi l Khamche ti Tu vin Dzongsar. Ngi mi Zhenphen Chkyi Nangwa (cn gi l Zhen-ga, 1871-1927) ca Tu vin Dzogchen l khenpo u tin dy ti shedra mi ny. Sau ny n tr thnh mt t chc ni ting t xut hin nhiu hc gi v i. Nm hai mi tm tui,293 ngi i Golok nhiu thng thm Dodrupchen tam, Jigme Tenpe Nyima. Ngi nhn nhng qun nh Rigdzin Dpa v Ladrup Thigle Gyachen. Ngi cng nhn nhng gio l v Yeshe Lama, Longchen Nyingthig, v cng ca Guhyagarbha-myjla-tantra. T Knme Khenpo ca Tu vin Dodrupchen ngi nhn s trao truyn gio kha Damch Dechen Lamchok do Dodrupchen nht khm ph nh mt terma. T Tertn Sgyal ngi nhn nhng trao truyn Vajrakla v Trlthik. Nm ba mi hai tui, ti tu vin Zhechen, mt ln na ngi nhn nhiu s trao truyn, trong c Dam-ngak Dz v Changter t Zhechen Gyaltsap Pema Namgyal, ngi tr thnh mt trong nhng v Thy quan trng ca ngi. Nm ba mi ba tui,294 ngi i hnh hng ti min Trung Ty tng. Ti Tu vin Mindroling ngi th gii tu s ln th hai t Khenpo Ngawang Thupten Norbu, bi v tin nhim ca ngi c th gii ti tu vin ny trong dng Vianaya (Lut) thp hn. Ngay trc khi ngi t min Trung Ty Tng tr v, Kathok Situ mt. Sau , trong khong mi lm nm Khyentse cng trng coi vic hnh chnh ca Tu vin Kathok. Ngi xy dng nhiu i k nim tn gio, cng c thm Hc vin Kinh in, v tn phong tulku mi ca Kathok Situ, khi c Dzogchen Rinpoche ng xc nhn.

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Ngi nhn nhiu qun nh Mt tha ca phi Geluk t Jampal Rolwe Lodr, thng c gi l Amdo Geshe, sng ti Golok. Ngi nhn Lamdre Lopshe, Vajrabhairava, v nhng gio kha Mahkala t Gaton Ngawang Lekpa. T Kathok Khenpo Ngawang Palzang ngi nhn nhng trao truyn ca Khandro Yangtig, Longsal, v cc gio kha Ddl. Tng cng, ngi hc vi khong tm mi v Thy t mi truyn thng khc nhau ca Pht Gio Ty Tng. Ngi thnh tu nhiu thin nh v tr tng v s sdhana ca cc truyn thng C v Tn ca tantra, trong c tch tp nm ln mt trm ngn ca php ngndro (i vi vic l ly th ngi ch thc hin bn mi ngn tch tp) v vic tr tng cc sdhana ca Takhyung Barwa, Sengdongma, Ladrup Thigle Gyachen, Vajrakla, Tr v Palchen Dpa ca Longchen Nyingthig, v Ladrup ca Khandro Yangtig. Ngi c nhiu linh kin, t c nhiu thnh tu, v hin l nhiu nng lc tm linh, nhng bi tnh khim tn nn ngi ch biu th mt s t nhng iu trong t truyn ca ngi: Nu ti c hc lun l, Ti c th c s hiu bit su xa v cch lp lun, Nhng n s mang li li lc khng ng k. Bi ti c th hc thuc lng Cc Sdhana Ba Gc, Magn, v nhng li cu nguyn khc ca Longchen Nyingthig, v Mt vi bi cu nguyn tp hi ca truyn thng Ngor, Ti c nhng thi quen tt [hay nhng k c] v nhng i trc.. Ti nh li Tu vin Sakya vinh quang, R rng trong tm ti, lin tc, v Ti sinh trong gia nh Khn, Trong nhng i qu kh. Ti nh li l Ngari Panchen, Lhatsun v i, Ngawang Lobzang Gyatso, Tsang-yang Gyatso, Palkhyen, v nhng v khc.. Thangtong Gyalpo khai m cho ti Bn tnh ca gic tnh ni ti vi s h tr ca mt ming pha l. Trong nhng gic m ti nhn thy ryasthavira Angaja, Vimalamitra, v Longchenpa. Ti nhn qun nh trng th t Khyentse Wangpo. T i B Tt Paltrl Ti nhn gio hun v ngndro ca Longchen Nyingthig. T Nupchen Sangye Yeshe ti nhn nhng trao truyn nhiu tantra. Ti kinh nghim hay m thy c nhn cc gia h T mt vi Lt ma ca Lamdre, Milarepa, v Tsongkhapa. Ti c ch dy nhng gii lut Mt tha Bi Lhatsn Namkha Jigme. C nhiu s vic trong vic ngi ph din cc nng lc. C ln ngi gia h cho mt pho tng mi, v n tr nn nng khi chm tay vo. Khi ngi gia h pho tng

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Mahkala trong cha Dzang Mahkala, pho tng di chuyn nh th n ang sng. Khi ngi chun b cht cam l, nhng tia sng un cong quanh ngi cha. Vo thi gian c mt l qun nh Vaishravana, bi vng xung t khng trung. C nhiu ln, vic phn phi mt s lng nh nhng vin thuc gia h hay cam l tr thnh mt ngun cung cp phi thng cho tp hi khng l nhng ngi sng m. Nm nm mi su tui, ngi lp gia nh vi Khandro Tsering Chdrn (sinh nm 1925) ca gia nh Aduk Lakar nh v phi ngu tm linh ca ngi. Ph hp vi nhng tin tri ca ring ngi v ca Khyentse Wangpo v Kongtrl Ynten Gyatso, s kt hp ny l xua tan nhng chng ngi v y mnh nhng hot ng gic ng ca ngi. Ngi ban v s nhng trao truyn cc gio l Nyingma, Sakya, v Kagy cho cc t ca nhng truyn thng Pht Gio khc nhau ca Ty Tng, trong c ba ln ngi ban qun nh Yabzhi, nhiu ln ban qun nh Longchen Nyingthig v ban gio l v Ynten Dz ba ln. Nm ngi su mi ba tui, khi du hnh xuyn qua Lhasa, ngi ti n v trnh c nhng bin ng chnh tr ca Ty Tng. Ngi i hnh hng tt c nhng thnh a Pht Gio n v Nepal. Sau ngi dng Nh nguyn Cung in ca vua x Sikkim lm tr x chnh tm thi ca ngi v tip tc khng ngng ban nhng gio l v trao truyn v tn cho nhng ngi sng m thuc mi tng lp trong x hi. Nm su mi by tui, vo ngy mng su thng nm nm Th Hi thuc Rabjung th mi su (1959), ngi th tch gia nhng du hiu nh sng, ng t v m thanh. Hin nay hu ht di ct ca ngi c lu gi trong mt bo thp nh bng vng ti Nh Nguyn Hong gia Sikkim. Khandro Tsering Chdrn chm sc bo thp ny trong khi dng hin i mnh cho vic thin nh v cu nguyn. Tlku ca ngi l Thupten Chkyi Gyatso (Khyentse Norbu, sinh nm 1961?), nam t ca Dungse Thinley Norbu Rinpoche v Jamyang La qu c, v chu ca Kyabje Dudjom Rinpoche v Lopn Snam Zangpo x Bhutan.

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KYALA KHENPO CHECHOK THNDRUP 1893 1957

KYABJE Kyala Khenpo Chechok Thndrup (Chchok), o s v thy tr gio ca ti, l mt B Tt bng xng bng tht v o s ca Gio php. Ngi cng c gi l Lobzang Champa v Mati. Nh mt ngi tu hc bnh thng ngi dng hin trn vn trong nhiu nm cho vic nghin cu v tu tp v tr thnh mt khenpo thnh tu cao cp. Khenpo sinh nm Thy T thuc Rabjung th mi lm (1893) trong Thung lng Mar Golok. Thn mu ngi l Stso. Thn ph ngi l Yumko thuc b tc Kyala. T nhiu i trc, t tin ngi di c t lng Kyala trong Thung lng Dzika. Ngi trng thnh ti Trang Nyi Ha (gia hai ng ni) Thung lng Mar Thng x Golok. T thi th u ngi l mt cu b khc thng, c tnh thng v nim tin trong tri tim. Khi cn tr, ngi tri qua hu ht ngy thng nh mt ngi chn cu, trng coi n tru yak v cu gia nhng rng ni, l tiu chun dnh cho cc cu con trai trong nhng tri du c. Ngi sng hu ht i mnh vi th vt, ht nhng li ngt ngo hay c nhng li cu nguyn vo tai chng, khng nh p chng bng nhng vin nh nhng ngi chn nui khc thng lm. Trong khi chm sc th vt, i khi ngi dng nhiu gi a nhng con c con t nhng ao nh hnh thnh sau nhng trn ma sang nhng ci ao ln hn, bi nhng ci ao ang kh cn v c sp cht. Ngi c mt ng ch (1865-?) l mt o s thnh tu. Khi ch ngi by tui, ng i vi Dodrupchen tam nh bn ng hnh tr con ca v Thy ny nhn gio l t Paltrl Rinpoche. T ngi ch ny, trong khi chm sc nhng th vt, Khenpo vn nhn cc bi hc trong vic c cc bn vn v hc ngha ca Php v cuc i ca cc o s. T khong mi lm tui, mi nm ngi c th tri qua vi thng ti n tht ca Garwa Long-yang, mt tertn ni ting, nhn gio l v s dy d.

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Nm mi chn tui, sau khi Garwa Long-yang mt, Khenpo ni vi thn ph v vic ngi quyt nh i ti Tu vin Dodrupchen thung lng k bn, cch khong hai ngy i nga. Thn ph ngi khng ni mt li no v vn ny trong nhiu ngy, l mt c ch khng tn thnh. S truyn thng khng bng li ni tip tc trong mt thi gian, nhng cui cng thn ph ngi t b vic chng i. Ti Tu vin Dodrupchen, Khenpo bt u hc tp vi Garwa Khenpo v sau vi Khenpo Knme, ngi tr thnh v Thy chnh ca ngi. Nm hai mi tui ngi th gii tu s. Chng bao lu ngi t chi khng nhn mi s gip vt cht ca cha m ngi. Nu mt ngi bt u tu tp nghim chnh trong vic tu hnh duy tr mi lin h mt thit vi gia nh hay bn hu, ngi y khng th hin trn tm mnh cho vic tu hnh tm linh, bi ngi y s b vng kt do nhng rng buc cm xc v bn phn. Kt qu ca quyt nh ny l ngi phi ng u vi vn sinh k. Tuy nhin, ngi khng bao gi tit l nhng kh khn ca ngi cho bt k ai, bi ngi s rng ngi no c th n gip ngi v mt s tri buc mi s c to ra. Mi ma thu, khi nhng ngi du c thu thp b v ph mt v nhng nng dn ang thu hoch, nh tc l ca nhiu tu s, Khenpo i kht thc mt vi tri du c ln cn hay cc lng ca nhng nng dn, v i khi ti c hai vng . Thc phm quyn gp c trong vi tun kht thc ngi dng trong c nm. Vi Khenpo Knme, ngi hc nhng tc phm ca Dharmakrti (Php Xng) v Dignna (Trn Na) v lun l, su bn vn ca Ngrjuna (Long Th), nm bn vn ca Asanga (V Trc), Madhyamakvatra (Nhp Trung Lun) ca Chandrakrti (Nguyt Xng), v Madhyamkalamkra ca Shntarakshita v trit hc i tha, v Gunaprabha v Pema Wangyal v nhng gii lut. Ngi hc cc bn vn Lamrim Chenmo v ngndro v nhng tu tp tng qut, Gyhyasamaja, Guhyagarbha, v Ba Gc ca Longchen Nyingthig v tantra, v Ynten Dz, Yeshe Lama, Dzdn, v Ngalso Korsum v i Vin mn. Trong qung ngy tu hc ca ngi, ban ngy ngi d cc lp hc, tham gia nhng cuc tho lun, v dnh nhiu gi hc thuc lng nhng bn vn. Vo ban m ngi theo ui nhng nghin cu ring v hc thuc lng nhng bn vn trong phng ring. Nhng m c trng, ngi i ra ngoi c sch. i khi, khi nh trng di chuyn ln sn ni, ngi i theo sau nh trng v c khi i ln dc. n sng ngi phi xung ni. Ngi c bng nh trng bi ngi khng th to ra nhin liu t n. Khenpo lun lun bn rn nghin cu nhng tc phm tn gio v trit hc su xa, tng c cc bi nguyn, v thc hnh thin nh v cc sdhana ca ngi. Ngi khng bao gi ngh ngi, ngoi tr khi ng khong bn ting vo ban m. Ngi nhn nhng gio l v trao truyn t nhng khenpo khc v Tlku Pema Dorje ca Tu vin Dodrupchen. Ngi cng nhn nhng trao truyn t Kathok Situ Chkyi Gyatso, Dzogchen Rinpoche ng, Tertn Sgyal, v Rigdzin Chenmo Dorje Trak, khi cc ngi ving thm Tu vin Dodrupchen. Nm ngi khong ba mi lm tui, ngi bt u tp trung vo nhng tu tp Mt in v thin nh i Vin mn. Ni chung ngi tri qua chn nm trong nhng kha nhp tht di hn ni hon ton ho lnh. Trong mt vi kha nhp tht ngi c ngh vi ngy mi nm nhn nhng qun nh t Dodrupchen Rinpoche tam v mt vi gio hun t Khenpo Knme, nhng trong mt vi kha nhp tht

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ngi khng c cht gin on no. Sut i ngi, ngi thc hin nhng kha nhp tht ngn hay t nghim nht ko di mt trm ngy hay mt thng. Ngi cng thc hin mt vi kha nhp tht trong mt hay hai thng v vic th hng tinh cht (bChud Len, rasyana), t duy tr s sng ch bng thuc c rt ra t tinh cht ca hoa v mt loi trng c gi l Chongzhi. Cng vic hng ngy ca ngi trong nhng kha nhp tht di hn v nghim nht gm c khong hai mi pht cho ba im tm nh, khong na gi cho ba tra, v khong mi lm pht cho ba tr vo bui ti. Vo ban m ngi ng khong bn ting. Trong tt c phn cn li ca ngy v m ngi nht tm trong thin nh. Cn nh m ngi dng thc hin hu ht cc kha nhp tht ngay bn trn tr x ca Khenpo Knme trn mt tng , n mnh sau nhng tng cy. l mt cn nh nh, gm mt phng nh, mt ci bp b t, mt hng hin nh xu, v mt nh v sinh. Lc bt u mt kha nhp tht di hn, ngi ng ca cn nh cho ti khi y nhng thng hay nm ca kha nhp tht. Ngi khng th nhn thy bt k ai bn ngoi, cng khng ai nhn thy ngi. Ngi khng th ni chuyn vi ai. D nhin l cho ti khi kt thc kha nhp tht, khng ai c th vo nh. C mt khong khng gian trng tri trn mi cung cp snh sng, qua ngi c th nhn thy bu tri, cc nh ni v cy ci. Nhng con chim nh ti ving thm ngi qua ci mi m ng th hng nhng mn cng dng ca ngi. i khi, mt vi ting ngi ni hay nhng m thanh ca l nhc c c ln trong tu vin bay n tai ngi. C mt ci l nh bn hng nh qua mt tu s a thc phm v nc cho ngi trong nhng khong thi gian u n. Mi ngi ngc nhin khi nhn thy ngi khe mnh khi xut hin t nhng kha nhp tht di hn. V sau ngi ni: Trong thi gian ti khng bao gi kinh nghim s bc dc no. V sau nhng thng u tin trong n tht, ti cm thy l mnh s khng bao gi ra khi , bi trong s c tch ti t c s an bnh v h lc nh th. Cho d ti khng thc hin bt k thin nh no , t nht ti c gii tr khi nhng t tng tiu cc. Nm 1926, Khenpo trong n tht. Ngi khng bit l Dodrupchen tam mt. Mt bui sng trong ba im tm ngi nghe c ngi gi ngi khc: Li y v tham gia lau chi quanh cha. T n tht nhc thn ca Rinpoche s c a vo trong. iu khc thng l cuc chuyn tr nghe rt r v ln. Ngi cm thy nh b st nh. i vi ngi ton th th gii tr nn trng rng v tm ti. Ngi ch mun i tht xa, bi khng c l do g sng quanh vng na. Ngi ch cn bit nng ta vo s thin nh sng cn, v ngi thin nh thm na, iu mang li s tin b v sc mnh hn na trong thin nh ca ngi. T ci ngy ngi nghe ni Dodrupchen th tch, trong ba mi nm cn li ca i ngi, tr phi ngi ang i b hay i nga, ngi lun lun an tr trong t th ta thin m khng bao gi nm xung. Ban m, ngi ng ngi trong t th thin nh. Ngi ni: Bng cch ngi, ti ng bn ting, nhng nu nm xung ti s ng lu hn, v nh th thi gian s b ph phm thay v c dng thin nh. Nm 1935, Khenpo thc hin mt kha nhp tht nh nhng thay v kha nhp tht nghim nht, bi Khenpo Knme ang bnh. Trc khi ngi vo tht, ngi ni vi Khenpo Knme: Khi Dodrupchen mt, con cm thy khng th sng quanh y c na. Nu khng c mt y thin nh th con b i ri. V th, khi

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ngi mt, con s khng th sng y. Ngi thc s l ngi duy nht m con nng ta. Bui sng ngy hai mi chn thng mi hai (1936), c ngi g ca phng ngi v ni: Khenpo [Knme] thay i ci tnh ca ngi [ mt] m qua. Sau khi c hnh nhng nghi l kt thc kha nhp tht, ngy hm sau ngi ra ngoi v tham d tang l. Ln ny ngi khng kinh nghim ni au bun nhiu nh khi Dodrupchen mt, v ngi tin rng hn l Khenpo Knme cu nguyn cho ngi. Nm bn mi hai tui, sau ci cht ca v Thy, ngi min cng chp nhn vic ch nh ngi l mt trong bn khenpo chnh yu ti Tu vin Dodrupchen. Ngi bt u ban gio l ti Dodrupchen v ti nhng tu vin khc cho cc hc vin trong c hai v Dodrupchen Rinpoche tr tui. Khi ti c bn tui (nm 1943), ti c xc nhn v tn phong l tlku ca Khenpo Knme, ti v cng may mn khi Kyala Khenpo c ch nh lm thy tr gio ca ti. T nm 1944, ti c c hi c hc tp di chn ngi ngt mi bn nm. Ngi khng ch l mt v Thy dy Php ca ti m cn l cha ca ti m ti thc s bit r. Khi ti cn nh, ti thng ng trong phng ngi. Bt k khi no ti thc dy, ti lun lun nhn thy khun mt vui ti ca ngi, v ngi ang ngi trong hp thin nh, ang thin nh hay cu nguyn, trong nh sng l m ca nhng chic n b lung linh. Mt nng lc v bin ca s an bnh, m p, v k diu lun lun trn ngp tm thc n s ca ti v mang li cm xc hon ton an n, nh nhiu ngi c th nh li nhng cm xc k diu nh mt a tr c bo bc bi hi m ca cha m thn yu. Trong khi ti gn ngi, thi kha biu hng ngy ca Khenpo cng ging nh cng vic thng nht ca Khenpo Knme thng l nh sau. Hu nh ngi thc dy khong ba gi sng v bt u thin nh. Khong su gi ngi dng im tm, na gi sau tip tc thin nh. Khong mi mt gi tt c chng ti tp hp li, v sau khi cng nhau cng dng v cu nguyn, chng ti dng ba tra. Sau ba tra Khenpo bt u vic ging dy, t chc t mt ti ba lp mi ngy. Ngi ging nhng bn vn su xa v kh hiu nht bng nhng li n gin nht cng nhng gii thch chi tit. Ging nh bt k khenpo no ca Tu vin Dodrupchen, ngi khng bao gi nhn tin th lao ca hc vin. Tri li, ngi thng tng thc phm v cho nhng hc vin ngho mn sch. Ngi vui thch dy d ti ni ngi khng bn tm ti vic cho h thi gian ca ngi, l iu ngi lun lun cm thy ht sc qu bu i vi ngi thin nh. Vo bui ti chng ti t hp li vo khong su gi thp n trn bn th v cng nhau dng nhng li cu nguyn, sau chng ti dng tr v m lun v nhng ch khc nhau. Sau ngi tip tc thin nh ti khong mi gi m. K ngi i ng khong bn ting. Khenpoche thch k nhng cu chuyn trong qu kh, nhng sau ngi thng cm thy tht t bi ph phm thi gi qu bu ca ngi trong vic k chuyn m ngi cho l v ch. Cc thy tr gio Ty Tng thng nghim khc trong vic rn luyn hc tr, nhng Khenpo th du dng l thng, c l qu du dng. Khi ti khong su tui, ti ko mt trang giy ra khi mt quyn sch, v trang giy mng manh ti ni b rch lm hai mnh. Ti bit l mnh lm mt iu sai lm v mun che du iu , v th ti vo trang giy thnh mt tri banh nh v nm n vo mt ci l. Sau ngy hm , Khenpo n ch ti, ht sc kh chu v hi: Con nm n vo nh v

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sinh phi khng? Ti khng ni mt li. Ngi nhc ti ln, gi ti tht nht, v sau t ti xung sn nh v ni: Ta sp ly mt chic gy nh con. Ti hong s ti ni khng ngh ngi, nhng li l tun ra khi ming ti: Con l tlku (ti sinh) ca Lt ma ca thy. Nu thy nh con, iu s to ra cho thy mt nghip khng khip! Du sao i na, ngi khng nh ti, ti khng bit ti sao. Nhiu nm sau, ti nhn ra rng mu giy l mt trang trong Gomchok Trilen ca Jigme Lingpa, mt trong nhng bn vn quan trng nht v thin nh, v ni ti nm n l mt nh v sinh ngoi tri. Nh th ti nm bn vn tn knh nht vo ni ti t nht. B ngoi ngi ht sc n gin, khim tn, v d tnh nhng s hiu bit ca ngi rt rng ln, tr tu ca ngi sc bn v su xa, tm ngi du dng v tt lnh. Ngi rt t kin thc v y hc nhng vn tng thuc cho mi ngi m khng i hi bt k th lao no cho bn thn ngi hay chi ph thuc men, bi vic phn phi thuc ny c bt u bi Khenpo Knme l mt thy thuc. Khi nhng ngi bnh a ra cc chn on ca y s, ngi cho php cc hc vin pht thuc cho h. Ngoi Tu vin Dzogchen, ngi ging dy nhiu ni. Ngi dy Yarlung Pemak trong Thung lng Ser; Wang-rl Gompa trong Thung lng Do; Kyala Gompa trong Thung lng Dzika; Joro Gn, Dogar Gn, v Alo Gompa x Gyarong; Tertn Gar, Gde Gon, v Gon Lakha x Rekong; v Kongser Khado Gompa trong min Trokho. Ngi thit lp nhng drupdra (trng thin nh) Tertn Gar ti Rekong v Joro Gn Gyarong. Khi ging ngha ca Ba Li Trng yu ca Prahevajra (Garab Dorje, Kim Cng H), Khenpo vit cho Thupten Thrinle Palzang Rinpoche: Tr tu chi li sinh ra mt cch t nhin, thun tnh t nguyn thy v khng b to tc, An tr nh bn tnh c hu ca nhng chu trnh lm lc khc nhau, ngi bm chp v nhng t tng [nh nguyn] bm chp, Trong hnh thc ca s quang minh, tnh Khng, thot khi s bm chp v m trng, cc phng din ca Php Thn. Xin nhn ra trng thi t nhin t thn, [s hp nht] ca tnh Khng v gic tnh ni ti trn tri [ca tm ngi]. Khi lp tc ct t mi hiu bit ca tm thc khi nim, Trong trng thi ca s ti mi v gic tnh ni ti khong t, khng c im quy chiu, Nh s an tr khng c nhng chnh sa v to tc, Ngi s nhn ra khun mt ca Php Thn t-tnh gic, cho d khng tm kim n. Hnh phc v au kh ca sinh t v Nit bn, nhng ha tit ca tm, D xut hin trong cch thc no, bn tnh ca chng l khng c lc bt u. Sau khi [mi nim tng] tan bin t nhin nh php gii ton khp, thot khi s bm chp, Ngh ngi trong tm th thn v an bnh th y h lc.

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Nu gic tnh ni ti c hu, l tr tu khong t v khng b chnh sa, Xut hin trn tri nh [s hp nht] ca i lc v tnh Khng, khng b to tc, Khi y hn trm v tro c [cao hay thp], nhng k th ca thin nh, s c tnh ha mt cch t nhin, v S khng cn nng ta vo bt k phng tin no khc xua tan nhng chng ngi hay pht trin cc kinh nghim. Mi hnh tng xut hin u l nh sng rc r ca Php thn bt sinh, [s hp nht] ca tnh Khng v gic tnh. Mi m thanh vang vng u l m nhc ca ting gm bt hoi [nda]. Mi nim tng xut hin l bn tnh ph qut [trm khp], thot khi s bm chp. Xin an tr trong vng quyn ca Php thn, [trng thi] bt bin ca gic tnh v tnh Khng. Mt hm vo nm 1957, Khenpo ni vi ti: Ta khng quan tm ti s an ton ca ring ta, bi ta c mt cuc i ngn ngi, ging nh di ca ui mt con d. Nhng ta mun cu i con. Ta khn cu Rinpoche [Dodrupche t Thupten Thrinle Palzang] cho chng ta i cng vi ngi, v ngi ng . V th chng ta s ra i, nhng chng ta s khng ni cho ai bit ngoi tr Loli. Lodi l anh ca ngi. Nu mi ngi bit Rinpoche ra i, c th h s khng cho ngi i, hay nhiu ngi khc mun i v nh cm quyn s d dng ngn chn chng ti. Rinpoche bo chng ti l mi ba ngi s i cng vi ngi v h c chia thnh ba nhm. Khenpo v ti i trong nhm u tin. Rinpoche i trong nhm th hai. i vi nhng ngi trong vng thn thit ca chng ti, ngoi tr Loli, Khenpo v ti phi ni: Theo mt tin tri, Khenpo v ti nn i ti Ni Dongri, mt thnh a, thc hin mt kha nhp tht mt thng m khng cho ngi khc bit. V th Loli s che y cho chng ti, gi b l chng ti ang trong tht, v chng ti s i vi mt vi ngi bn nh chng ti sp xp. H khng hi chng ti, bi nhng sp xp nh th l bnh thng trong mt vi trng hp, v h chun b vi con nga v tr gip chng ti gi cho cuc hnh trnh c cho l ti Ni Dongri c kn o. Mt bui ti, hai ngy trc khi chng ti ra i, Khenpo ti gp Do Drupchen t Rigdzin Tenpe Gyaltsen, ngi ang sng trong mt ngi cha. Khi Khenpo bt u ri Rinpoche, Rinpoche yu cu mi ngi khc ang c mt li pha sau v ngi ra khi nh trong bng ti t gi Khenpo. Ri Khenpo bc i, nhng Rinpoche li i theo ngi v t gi mt ln na. Khenpo li i v Rinpoche i theo ni li chia tay vi Khenpo ln th ba. V sau Rinpoche quay tr v cha. Sau ny Khenpo ni vi ti: Ta khng to ra ngay c mt vt tch ca vic ra i. Nhng chc chn l Rinpoche cm thy chng ta ang nhn nhau ln cui. Ngi c v rt xc cm v kh lng chia tay. iu c th c ngha l c l ta khng tr li trong i ny. Vo na m ngy mi ba thng mi mt nm Ha Thn (1957), khi mi ngi ang ng v ton b cng ng chm ngp trong bng ti, chng ti lng l

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ri tu vin. Ti o Chungnyak, t ni chng ti c th nhn thy tu vin mt ln cui cng, trong bng ti Khenpo v chng ti l ly tu vin, tr x ca cc Lt ma v i, v Rigdzin Tenpe Gyaltsen, ngi c th ang trong gic ng quang minh chi li hay ang di nhn chng ti vi i mt tr tu ton tri ca ngi. Loli li pha sau v che du vic trn thot ca chng ti bng cch nh trng nh th Khenpo v ti ang thc hin mt cuc nhp tht ti nh chng ti. Mt thi gian trc , Lt ma Zhingkyong, mt t ca Kyala Khenpo, vit cho ti mt tin tri m khng bit rng chng ti s ra i. Trong mt ging c ni: Khi qu trng-la v, ng s ti min Trung Ty Tng. Ph hp vi li tin tri, vo ngy mng su thng ging nm Ha Du (1957), chng ti n Lhasa. Khenpo ng bnh do chuyn i v v nhng vt thng chn gp phi trn ng. Chng ti tri qua t ngy ti Lhasa v nh mt y s Ty Tng tn l Lhokha Amchi cha tr cho Khenpo. Chng ti n thm pho tng Jowo linh thing nht Ty Tng, v thc hin mt vi l cng dng. i vi Khenpo th y l ln th hai ngi n Lhasa, ln u l mt chuyn hnh hng m ngi thc hin vi cha m ngi nm ngi by tui. Sau vi ngy Lhasa, theo chng trnh m chng ti vch ra vi Rinpoche, chng ti i Drak Yangdzong, mt a im hnh hng ni ting, ch Rinpoche. Sc khe ca Khenpo bt u xu hn, v ngi ni: T khi ta cn tr, ta lun lun c mun c sng v thin nh ti mt ni c Guru Rinpoche gia h. By gi ta khng cn thi gian thin nh, tuy nhin ta sung sng v c th s dng nhng ngy cui cng ca ta ni ny. Chng vng ti ngy mng hai thng hai nm Ha du (1957), sau khi c ba chng u ca Chying Rinpoche Dz, ngi thnh lnh tan ha vo s an bnh ti thng ca ci cht. Ngy hm sau ngi vn trong thin nh, v mt Lt ma a phng cht phc n v c hnh l nh thc ngi khi i nh. Trong s nhng tc phm ca ngi c Bnh ging v Rigdzin Dpa, Mt Ch Gii Tm tt v Palchen Dpa, Mt Ch gii Tm tt v Vajrakla, Mt Gio hun Tm tt v Ba Tc phm nh vo Tri tim, v Bnh ging v Dagni Changchup Miche ( tht lc).

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DILGO KHYENTSE TASHI PALJOR 1910 1991

Kyabje Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche Tashi Paljor,295 l mt trong vi v h tr dng truyn tha, nh bin son, o s, v ngi trao truyn v i ca nhng gio l v nng lc ca cc Mt in Nyingma ni chung v Longchen Nyingthig ni ring n c vi nhiu t Ty Tng, n , Nepal, Bhutan v Ty phng. Ngi cng c gi l Gyurme Thekchok Tenpe Gyaltsen, Jigme Khyentse zer, v Rapsal Dawa. Ngi sinh ngy mi ba thng t nm Ha Tut thuc Rabjung th mi lm (1910) trong gia nh Dilgo, mt thng th (nyerchen) ca vua x Dege trong b tc Ny Thung lng Dan. Thn ph ngi l Tashi Tsering. ng vo ngy y o s v i Mipham Namgyal v cc t ca ngi ang c hnh l tic khi hon tt kha ging ko di mt thng ri v Bnh ging Kalachakra ca ngi ti Dilgo. Mipham lp tc ban nhng vin thuc Sarasvat, v Pht n tr tu, vi nhng ch DHIH v HRH thing ling cho a b n thm ch trc khi n b sa m. Khong mt thng sau khi sinh, Mipham ban cc qun nh tnh ha v trng th v t tn cho a b l Tashi Paljor. T cho ti khi Mipham mt vo u nm 1912, Khyentse lin tc c ban cc phm vt gia h. Khi ngi ch mi bn thng tui, Ngor Ponlp Loter Wangpo xc nhn ngi l Tulku ca Khyentse Wangpo. Vo lc Mipham mt, Zhechen Gyaltsap Pema Namgyal (1871-1926) nhn thy Khyentse v bo gia nh tng ngi cho Zhechen. Nm ln su tui,296 tnh c ngi b phng nng v b bnh trm trng trong khong su thng, s vic khin cho ngi th gii xut gia lm mt sa di. Khi ngi mi lm tui, Gyaltsap xc nhn ngi l mt tulku ca Khyentse Wangpo, tn phong ngi ti Tu vin Zhechen, v t tn cho ngi l Gyurme Thekchok Tenpe Gyaltsen. V Thy ny cng ban cho ngi nhiu s trao truyn, trong c nhng trao truyn Dam-ngak Dz v Nyingthig Yabzhi. T Khenpo

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Pema Losal ca Tu vin Dzogchen ngi nhn s trao truyn Longchen Nyingthig. T Adzom Drukpa, ngi th nhn gio l Ngndro Longchen Nyingthig. Vi Khenpo Zhenphen Chkyi Nangwa (Zhen-ga) Tu vin Dzogchen, Khenpo Thupten Chphel (Thupga) n tht Changma, Dza Mura Dechen Zangpo, v nhng o s khc, ngi nghin cu nhng bn vn ca Ngrjuna, Asanga, Abhidharma, Ynten Dz, nhng bnh ging v Guhyagarbha-myjla-tantra: Mt in B Mt Tp Hi, v nhiu bn vn khc. Khenpo Thupga xc nhn ngi l tlku ca npo Tendzin Norbu (Tenli). Sau t Khyentse Chkyi Lodr ngi nhn nhng trao truyn cc gio l ca phi Sakya, Kagy, Geluk v Nyingma, k c Rinchen Terdz, Nyingthig Yabzhi, Longchen Nyingthig, v Lama Gongd. T Khenpo Tendzin Dargye ca Tu vin Zhechen, ngi c trao truyn chn pho sch ca Jigme Lingpa. T Zhechen Kongtrl (1901-1959?), ngi nhn nhng trao truyn mi ba pho sch ca gio kha Minling. Ngi nhn gio l ca mi truyn thng Pht gio Ty Tng t hn by mi v Thy. Trong s , Zhechen Gyaltsap v Khyentse Chkyi Lodr l nhng v Thy chnh yu ca ngi. Bt u t nm mi tm tui, trong mi hai nm ngi sng nhng ni c tch v thc hnh nhng gio l khc nhau, trong c Cc Sdhana Ba Gc ca Minling Terchen v Longchen Nyingthig. Sut i ngi, ngi hin mnh cho vic ging dy v truyn Php cho tt c nhng ai ti nhn gio l. Ngi vit rng vo nm su mi bn tui, ngi ban cc qun nh Nyingthig Yabzhi v Longchen Nyingthig hn mi ln. T nm bn mi cho ti tm mi hai ngi thuyt ging v Chokchu Mnsel, lun ging v Guhyagarbha ca Longchen Rabjam t nht mi nm mt ln, v bnh ging rng ln v Ynten Dz ca Jigme Lingpa. Trong v s nhng gio l khc, ngi nm ln ban nhng trao truyn Rinchen Terdz, bn ln ban nhng gio l ca Nyingma Kama, ba ln cc gio l ca Dam-ngak Dz, v hai ln cc gio l Kanjur. Rinpoche v v phi ngu ca ngi, Khandro Lhamo, c hai con gi. Nam t ca Chi-me La - con gi ca ngi - l Zhechen Rabjam tht. Theo li mi ca hong gia x Bhutan, ngi sng nhiu nm Bhutan giig dy v trao truyn gio l. T u thp nin 1960, ngi n thng c m duy tr v truyn b truyn thng bt b phi c nht v nh ca cc v Khyentse, v vi s nht qun lin tc khng mt mi, ngi khng ngng truyn b gio l bng cch du hnh, ging dy, thc hnh, v xy dng nhng i k nim v li ch ca Gio Php v mi ngi. Nm 1980, ngi xy Tu vin Zhechen Tennyi Dargye Ling (ly tn ca tu vin c ca ngi Ty Tng) ti Baudhanath Nepal, mt qun th phc tp vi hn hai trm hc vin tu s. Nm 1988, ngi thit lp mt shedra (hc vin Kinh in) ti tu vin mi, cc tu s nghin cu nhng bn vn uyn o. Bt u t nm 1975, ngi nhiu ln ving thm nhiu quc gia Ty phng v ging dy nhng cp gio l v trao truyn khc nhau. Ngi cng thit lp Thekchok sal Chling, mt trung tm Gio Php ti Php. T hi ngoi, ngi ving thm Ty Tng hai ln ging dy v tr gip vic xy dng li cc tu vin v nim tin qu hng ngi.

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Ngi ban cho c t Lai Lt Ma th Mi bn nhiu qun nh v gio l v cc lun ging Guhyagarbha v Ynten Dz v nhng gio l khu truyn i Vin mn c kt hp vi cc gio l Yeshe Lama. Ngi khm ph nhiu gio l v sdhana l terma v bin son nhiu bn vn uyn o v nhng lun ging v nhng ch khc nhau, tng cng hai mi quyn sch. Trong s cc tc phm ca ngi v Longchen Nyingthig c mt lun ging v Palchen Dpa v Wangki Chokdrik. Nm tm mi mt tui, lc ba gi sng ngy hai mi thng tm nm Ha Mi (28 thng Chn nm 1991), tm gic ng ca ngi tan ha vo s khong t ti thng ti mt bnh vin Thimbu, th ph ca Bhutan. T lc y, v tr tr tu vin mi ca ngi Nepal l Rabjam Rinpoche, Gyurme Chkyi Senge, l ngi k tha tm linh v chu ngoi ca ngi. Ngi l mt trong nhng o s uyn bc v thnh tu v i nht ca Ty Tng trong thi i ca chng ta. Vc ngi ngi cao ln v khng l. Khi ngi gia nhng o s khc, ngi ng sng sng nh mt ngn ni gia nhng qu i hay chiu sng nh mt trng gia nhng v sao, khng phi v thn th ngi ni bt m bi s uyn bc v thnh thin su rng ca ngi. Khi ngi ban gio l, li dy ca ngi nh mt con sng tri chy, hu nh khng ngng ngh. Nu nhng ngi ngoi quc nghe bi ging ca ngi, lc ban u h c th c n tng l ngi ang c mt bn vn tuyt p t k c, bi mi li ca bi ging ca ngi l thi ca, ng php ca ngi ton bch v ngha tht su xa. Tr nh ca ngi l mt c im v cng k l. Ngi khng ch nh c nhng bn vn nghi l uyn o v nhng chi tit v cc v Thy v bng hu ca ngi, m cn nh c nhng ngi m ngi ch nhn thy mt ln nhiu nm trc. Lng tt ca ngi tht v bin, v c th dung cha tt c mi ngi. Mi khi ti c yt kin ngi, ngi cho ti cm tng l ti dnh c mt ch trong tm thc bao la ca ngi. Nu qu v nhn k, qu v s c cm tng l ngi lun lun trong tr tu thin nh hay chng ng ca s khong t v i ti mi ngi bng nng lc ca lng t bi v s thng thn, khng cht thay i. Hu nh ngi nm gi nhng s trao truyn tt c gio l o Pht Ty Tng, nhng ngi lun lun tm kim nhng trao truyn b tc, bt lun chng nh b ra sao. Ngi c c mt th vin khng l nhng khng bao gi ngng tm kim ngay c mt trang ca mt tc phm him c. Ngi cng ht sc trung thc. Trong chuyn i cui cng t Bhutan ti Kalimpong ca ngi, thay v i my bay, ngi ni n thc hin mt hnh trnh gian kh bng xe hi thm mt t c ca ngi trn ng i. Trong khi n lc c th vt kit sc mnh th cht ca ngi, n l nim vui v s hon thnh ca ngi, mt hnh ng ca lng bi mn. Urgyen Tendzin Jigme Lhundrup (sinh nm 1993), chu ca Tulku Ugyen Rinpoche (1919-1996) v l con trai ca Kela Chokling Rinpoche v Dechen Paldron x Terdhe, c tn phong l ha thn ca Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche.

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CHATRAL SANGYE DORJE sinh nm 1913

KYABJE Chatral Sangye Dorje Rinpoche297 l mt trong s rt t nhng o s v i ca dng Longchen Nyingthig cn tr th. Rinpoche sinh trong nhm b tc Abse Nyak-rong thuc Tnh Kham v khng bao lu di c ti Amdo cng vi nhm b tc ca ngi. Ngi nhn nhng trao truyn cc gio kha terma ca Ddjom Lingpa (18351903), Sera Khandro, v nhng gio l khc t chnh o s v i Sera Khandro Dewe Dorje (1899-1952?) v Tlku Dorje Dradl (1891-1959?), con trai t ca Ddjom Lingpa. Nm mi lm tui, ngi t b nhng rng buc vi gia nh v i ti nhiu o s hc tp v thc hnh. Ngi b vic ci nga v i bng chn. Ngi t chi vo nh hay lu ca nhng gia ch, ch trong nhng n tht, hang ng, hay tp lu nh ca ring ngi. T Kathok Khenpo Ngawang Palzang (1879-1941) ngi nhn nhng trao truyn v gio l Longchen Nyingthig v nhiu gio l khc. Khenpo tr thnh o s gc quan trng nht ca ngi. Ngi cng nhn nhiu trao truyn t Khyentse Chkyi Lodr v nhng o s khc ca Dege. min Trung Ty Tng, ngi tr thnh mt trong nhng t chnh ca Kyabje Ddjom Rinpoche, tlku ca Dudjom Lingpa. Rinpoche trao truyn nhng gio l him c cho Shuksep Lochen, Khyentse Chkyi Lodr, Ddjom Jitral Yeshe Dorje, v nhiu o s quan trng khc. Gyaltsap Redring (mt ngy 8 thng Nm, 1947), khi l nhip chnh ca Ty Tng, mi Rinpoche ti Lhasa v nhn t ngi nhiu trao truyn v gio hun thin nh i Vin mn. Kt qu l mt s ng ngi thuc mi tng lp x hi, gii qu tc v bnh dn, vi nhng mn cng dng l lt tm n Rinpoche nhn cc gio l. Ngi nhn ra iu ny nh mt s xao lng con ng ca ngi, v ngi thnh lnh b li mi s, trn vo hang ng trong nhng ni non 244

c Guru Rinpoche v nhng o s khc trong qu kh gia h. Sau ngi sng nh mt n s trong nhiu thp nin v c gi l Chatral, mt n s, hay mt ngi t b nhng hot ng th tc. Cui thp nin 1950, ngi di chuyn ti Bhutan v sau ti n . Ngi xy dng li mt ngi cha n s pha trn lng Jor Bungalow gn Darjeeling v bt u mt drupdra ba nm, nhng thin gi tu tp thc hnh Longchen Nyingthig. Mt drupdra l mt trng nhp tht thin nh, mt nhm ngi n c trong mt nm, ba nm hay hn na. Hin nay c nhiu drupdra khp th gii do cc Lt ma Ty Tng thit lp, nhng khi Rinpoche xy dng drupdra ny th l drupdra duy nht do mt Lt ma t nn Ty Tng lp nn. Rinpoche cng xy dng nhiu ngi cha, bo thp, v mt s drupdra khc Nepal v n . Hin nay, ngi sng ch yu Pharping, mt a im hnh hng quan trng Nepal c Guru Rinpoche gia h. Rinpoche chng li mi s dnh mc vo nhng cu trc tu vin hay b my quan liu v duy tr mt truyn thng n s. Ngi c v s t ngi Ty Tng, Bhutan, v Nepal cng nh mt s t t Ty phng. Rinpoche v v phi ngu Kamala ca ngi, con gi ca Tertn Tulzhuk Lingpa, c hai con gi l Trdevi v Saraswat, mt tlku ca Sera Khandro. Vo ngy 16 thng Mi Mt nm 1968, Cha Thomas Merton gp Rinpoche v t li bui gp g nh sau: Thng ip khng c ni ra hay c ni ra na chng ca cuc tr chuyn l chng ti hon ton thu hiu v nhau nh nhng ngi bng cch ny hay cch khc ang b m ca s i chng ng, hiu n v ang n lc (chng bit lm sao) i ra v lc li trong v l mt n hu chng ti gp g nhau.298 Harold Talbott, ngi c mt trong bui gp g, nh li Merton biu l vi ng sau cuc gp g: l mt ngi v i m ti tng gp. Ngi l v Thy ca ti.

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DODRUPCHEN T RIGDZIN TENPE GYALTSEN (1927-1961) KYABJE Rigdzin Tenpe Gyaltsen, Dodrupchen Rinpoche t,299 l hin thn ca
tr tu v i v nng lc huyn diu. Trong s nhiu danh hiu ca ngi c Rigdzin Jal Dorje, Natsok Rangtrl, Ddl Pawo Dorje, v Jigtral Ddl Namkhe Dorje. Rinpoche sinh nm Ha Mo thuc Rabjung th mi su (1927) trong Thung lng Mar Thng min ng Ty Tng. Thn ph ca ngi l Gyurme Dorje thuc Wangda, mt trong tm nhm b tc ca Pema Bum, l mt trong ba phn khu ca b tc Golok. Thn mu ngi l Melo thuc nhm b tc Ling. Ngi c cc du hiu l nhng ch HA RI NI v SA ni tri tim, l mt du hiu t mt terma tin tri, trong ni: Hin l ca c Lin Hoa Sanh tn l Pawo S iu phc chng sinh vi gii lut b truyn ca ngi. Ni tri tim ngi, HA RI NI v SA xut hin tht r rng. Bt k ai c ni kt vi ngi s thot khi nhng ti sinh thp km. Nm ln bn tui ngi c xc nhn l tlku ca Dodrupchen tam bi nhiu Lt ma trong c Amdo Geshe Jampal Rlpe Lodr, mt o s v i phi Geluk, v Tlku Dorje Dradl (1891-1959?). Tlku Dorje Dradl l mt i tertn, con t ca Ddjom Lingpa v em t ca Dodrupchen tam. Tuy nhin v sau ny chnh Rinpoche xc nhn rng ngi l tlku ca Do Khyentse, v ngi cng ph din nng lc huyn b ging nh Do Khyentse. Khi Rinpoche bn tui, vi bui l v i, ngi c tn phong ti Tu vin Dodrupchen ng thi vi Thupten Thrinle Palzang Rinpoche, tlku khc ca

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Dodrupchen tam. Sau , hai v Rinpoche cng c nhng bi tp c, v cc ngi sng vi nhau cho ti cui tui thiu nin. Nm ln by, hai v Rinpoche hc cc bn Kinh in vi Lushl Khenpo Knchok Drnme (Knme) cho ti khi Khenpo mt nm 1936. Sau cc ngi hc vi Chkor Khenpo Kang-nam, Kyala Khenpo Chchok, v nhng hc gi khc ca Tu vin Dodrupchen trong nhiu nm. Nm mi mt tui, trong nhiu thng hai v Rinpoche i ti Thung lng Dzachukha nhn nhng trao truyn Nyingthig Yabzhi v Longchen Nyingthig t Gekong Khenpo Knzang Palden (Knpal) v i. Trong thi th u, Rinpoche khng ph din bt k iu thn diu no, nhng khi ngi ln ln v Thupten Thrinle Palzang Rinpoche ngng ph din cc iu huyn diu th ngi bt u hin l nng lc ca ring ngi. Nm mi chn tui, c hai Rinpoche i ti min Trung Ty Tng trong mt chuyn hnh hng ko di hng nm. Rinpoche thc hin mt kha nhp tht ngn hn ti Kang-ri Thkar, ni Longchen Rabjam sng. nhiu ni ngi c nhng linh kin v nhn thy nhng terma c khm ph, nhng ngi quyt nh pht l i bi ngi b nhng tu s nghim chnh vy quanh. Sera Yangtrl (1926-1989/90), mt tertn ni ting ca Thung lng Ser, thnh vin ca on l hnh trong nhm hnh hng ca Dodrupchen, ni: Trn ng t min Trung Ty Tng tr v, mt hm Rinpoche v ti i ti b mt con sng. Rinpoche bo ti: Hy o ct ln. Ta s tm thy ci g . Sau khi o c mt t, ti pht hin mt bnh xe cu nguyn. Rinpoche ni: o na; s c ci g khc na. Ti o na v khm ph mt pho tng m vng. Rinpoche ni: Ta cn pho tng ny. ng ly bnh xe cu nguyn. Ngh rng: Ta mun c pho tng, nhng ngi khng a n cho ta. Ta lm g vi bnh xe cu nguyn ny? ti ni: Con khng cn bnh xe cu nguyn. Rinpoche ni: Vy th vt n i. Ti nm n, v trc khi ri xung mt t, n hon ton bin mt. Khi nhc ti bnh xe cu nguyn v pho tng m vng, ti hi: Rinpoche, nhng ci l g? Ngi ni: hn l mt vi du khch b qun chng y. l li lm ca vic ti cn qu tr. l mt cuc khm ph terma, nhng khi ti khng nhn ra iu y. Yangtrl k mt cu chuyn khc. Mt ln na trn ng v, Rinpoche v ti i do trong mt hm ni. Trc tin ngi mun chng ti lm nhng ci mc bng nhng nhnh con ca mt bi gai. Sau khi lm xong, khi nhn vo mt ngn i cao, dc, v phng mt, ngi ni: Trong tng c terma. Chng ta s ti xem ch? Khi chng ti n , ngi t nhng ci mc vo tng nh th trong bn v khi s dng chng, ngi leo ln, v ti i theo ngi. Ri chng ti ti mt ci hang khng l. trong hang chng ti tng Li Cu nguyn By Dng v Li Cu nguyn Thnh tu T nhin nhng c nguyn ca Guru Rinpoche. Vo lc , mt mnh tng ca ci hang m ra nh mt ca s. Trong mt ci l nh ca s chng ti nhn thy nhiu pho tng v nhng hp nh. Cng c mt hn c hnh dng mt cnh tay. Rinpoche ni: Hy ko hn .

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Phn terma ca ng . Khi ti c gng ko hn , n m ra nh mt ci np, trong c nhiu pho tng v nhng chic hp nh c nhng con rn bao quanh. Rinpoche ni: Nht chng ln, ng nghi ng g ht. Ti th tay vo v ly ra mt pho tng v ba ci hp. Sau khi nhn chng, ngi ni: By gi chng tr li. Ti ni: Con s ly mt bc tng. Rinpoche cnh bo: Khng! Cha ti lc ly ra, v nhng v bo h s khng chng ta ly. Khi ti a nhng terma vo, cnh ca trong tng ng li mt cch t nhin v nim kn li nh trc. N hon ton nh mt tr o thut. Sau ti leo xung trc, v ngi xung sau, g nhng chic mc ra khi tng . Ti bo ngi: Rinpoche, c nhng ci mc , chng ta s cn ti khi quay tr li. Ngi ni: Khng! Nu ngi ta nhn thy chng, h s ci chng ta v ni: Hai tn khng y. Khi ngi g xong nhng ci mc, ngay c mt du vt ca vic ngi ghim nhng ci mc vo tng cng khng cn. Gi y ti hiu rng l mt s ph din ng kinh ngc. Vo mt thi im no sau khi tr v t min Trung Ty Tng, Rinpoche lp tr x chnh ca ngi ti Gephel Ritr, n tht Gieo trng c hnh, ni Dodrupchen tam hu ht na sau ca i ngi. n tht ny pha di nh ca mt ngn ni chc tri trong mt cnh ng nh tm gng ph c xanh t im nhng bng hoa di. Cnh ng c bao quanh bi nhng cy thng v bch x xanh ti cao ln nh nhng bc tng. Pha trn bc tng cy, qu v c th nhn thy xa, nhng rng ni vn cao nh nhng con sng b bn kia ca Thung lng Do. Mt vi ngn ni c khoc ln b y phc l nhng tng cy, mt vi ngn c bao ph bi nhng tng xm, hi , hoc hi c mu xanh lc, v nhng ngn khc i khi i nhng chic m tuyt. Nhng ngn ni to cho ta o gic l chng to thnh mt bc tng ng sau nhng bc tng lm bng nhng tng cy cao hay ng hn, chng ang bo v qu v c ngy ln m. Rinpoche nghin cu nhiu bn vn, nhng phm vi nghin cu ca ngi khng rng. Tuy nhin, cng nh Jigme Lingpa, ngi l mt hc gi t bn cht. Ngi cao v mnh khnh nu so vi nhng Lt ma khc Golok, vi i mt m ln, sng, y nng lc. Ngi l mt din gi phi thng v Gio Php v lun m c tnh cht x hi. Ngi l mt ha s ti ba, mt o s v vic ht tng, v thin xo trong vic lm torma v cc mn la. Mc d sng n gin, ngi rt c phm cch, v ngay c khi ngi ni chuyn phim th n cng l gio l. Ngay c khi ngi hnh ng khng th on trc c, ngi lun lun l mt ngi ng tin cy nht, v thm ch khi ngi sng v cht trong nh t, nh s hin din ca ngi, ngi mang nh sng ca Gio Php n cho cuc i ca nhiu ngi ng cnh ng. T nm ngi khong hai mi tui, ngoi tr lc ngi ban nhng qun nh hay gio l, hay ang du hnh ngoi tu vin, ngi khng ngi trn ngai ta hay ch ta nhng bui l nh o s kim cng. Ngi thch ngi trn mt tm nm v lm mt Thy ph trch vic ht tng hay Thy c hnh nghi l, hoc i khi chi so l, l nhng chc v thp. Trong rng ti n tht c mt Php ta cao bng m c ln Dodrupchen tam tng ging dy. Trong mt thi gian di, t Php ta ny Rinpoche cng ging dy Dzopa Chenpo (i Vin mn) cho Tlku Jigme Phntsok (Jiklo) v

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khong hai mi t c tuyn chn. Trong khong thi gian ny ngi khm ph nhng gio l Dzopa Chenpo v thc hnh php Ch nh terma. Chng bao lu Rinpoche lm trng bnh. Ngi c cho l b nh hng bi vic b ng c trong chuyn i min Trung Ty Tng vi nm trc . Gng mt, li v nc tiu ca ngi sm mu hay hi xanh. Nhiu chic rng ca ngi b gy, k c hai rng ca. Nhiu Lt ma, trong c Khenpo Kang-nam v Kyala Khenpo, t hp ti n tht v trong nhiu ngy chun b rinchen rilbu, mt cch cha tr c bit hay thuc tnh ha. Vo ngy m ngi ta cho l ngi dng thuc, thuc bin mt v ci tch trng khng. Ngi ta hiu iu ny nh mt im xu v bt u tiu tan hy vng. Nhng bi ta lun lun khng th on trc c iu g v Rinpoche, tt c nhng du hiu bnh tt ca ngi t t bin mt m khng c cch gii thch hp l no. Sau ny, trong mt chuyn du hnh ti Amdo, ngi c nhng ci rng vng thay cho hai rng ca. i vi nhiu thanh nin th rng vng l thi trang, nhng i vi ngi th n gi gn nhng chic rng gy ca ngi. Mt hm ngi bo t chun b t st lm tng ca Longchen Rabjam v Jigme Lingpa. Khi t st sn sng, ngi bo h: Cc ng lm tng ca Longchen Rabjam. Ta s lm tng ca Jigme Lingpa Ngy hm sau ngi xy mt Php ta v phn di pho tng ca Jigme Lingpa, cao khong 0,6m. Khi ngi lm ti phn eo, ngi ngng lm tng nhiu ngy. Cc t c khn cu ngi hon tt pho tng bi nu khng t st s kh i v ngi khng th lm vic trn . Ngi vn ni: Khi no cc ng lm xong tng ca Longchen Rabjam th ta s hon tt pho tng ca ta. Khi cc t thng bo h hon thnh pho tng, ngi bo h: Hy chun b l hin cng vo ngy mai. Khi ta s hon thnh pho tng ca ta. Ngy hm sau h nhn thy phn trn ca pho tng Jigme Lingpa t hon thnh v rt p. Kh m bit c n lm bng t st hay bng . tri tim ca pho tng, h c th nhn thy r rng mt hnh nh ca nhng v phi ngu Samantabhadra (Ph Hin) trong mt chic nhn nm mu. Khenpo Kangnam nhn thy nhng hnh nh ging nh tm mi bn i thnh tu gi trn nhng b phn khc nhau ca thn pho tng. Nhng ngi khc nhn thy nhng hnh nh khc nhau: mt s ngi nhn thy Guru Rinpoche vi cc phi ngu, trong khi nhng ngi khc thy tm vidyadhara (Tr minh vng), v v.v.. Sau ny, pho tng ny c tng cho Tlku Jigme Phntsok, v trong nhng ngy l ngi chng kin nhiu iu huyn diu v nghe thy m nhc ni pho tng ny c gi gn. Bn thn ti nhn thy pho tng vi mt hnh nh r rng ca cc phi ngu Ph Hin v nhng nhn vt khng th nhn ra trn . Rinpoche khng hi lng v v tr ca ci bp trong tu vin, bi khi t nh bp nh hng ti gian th v th vin. Mt hm ngi i ti ci bp, xoay mt vng bng bn chn trn chic l khng l lm bng v ni: Ci bp khng y trong thi ca Dodrupchen tam! v ngi i ni khc. Sng hm sau, khi ngi nu bp vo bp, mi hn ca chic l bin mt. Nghi rng c ngi no di chuyn chng, mi ngi nhn vo rng chung quanh n tht trong nhiu gi nhng khng c du hiu g l c ngi , v h kt lun l Rinpoche ph din mt trong nhng biu hin ca ngi. Bn thn ti nhn thy ni chic l b bin mt ch vi ngy sau khi n thc s ra i.

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Trong thi gian ngi li n tht, Rinpoche bo tr mt bui l mt trm ngn cng dng tsok (Tshogs Bum) hng nm, ko di mi ngy vi khong ba mi hay bn mi tu s c tuyn chn. Trong nhng bui l ny, t nhng chic bnh cng tsok, mt dng cam l trong hnh dng ca mt cht lng trng ngon lnh chy nh git v lm y mt ci bnh nh. Ti tham d mt trong nhng bui l ny khi ti by hay tm tui. Nu Rinpoche mun, bt k ngi tp trung vo u, chng hn nh mt ci bnh, mt bc tranh, hay mt ci bn, vt s c mt v H Php nhp vo v s di chuyn. Thng th ngi dng mt chic bn vung c bn chn. Trn bn c mt ci hp vung ng y nhng biu huyn b, nhng vin hay kim loi qu gi hay kh qu, v nhng ht kh. Nhng chic khn la nhiu mu sc khc nhau ph quanh ci bn v bung chng xung. Trn nh c mt na chy kim cng nh ci chp trang tr. Khi ti lc, hai ngi ng i mt nhau c mt li cu nguyn c bit, nm cht chn bn v nhc ln. Chic bn lc l qua phi ri sang tri, ko hai ngi mnh ti ni ch sau vi pht, ngay c nhng thanh nin cng mt t hi. H thc hin iu ny biu l s hin din ca cc v H Php, tin tri nhng g nn c thc hin bng cch cho chic bn ng vo nhng cu hi c vit ra trn nhng mu giy, nhn ra mt tn trm, v v.v.. Khi li cu nguyn khc c tng, chic bn s quay tr li bn th. Ti c k rng trong khi chic bn trn khng trung, qu v khng th bung n c bi qu v khng th m bn tay ra. Ti khng bao gi c nm ly chic bn bi ti qu s sc mnh ca n. Ti Rekong, c mt truyn thng lm cho mt H Php i vo mt ci bn v nhn nhng biu th tin tri. Vic chun b ci bn mt nhiu ngy thin nh v cu nguyn. Nhng Rinpoche lm iu xy ra ch bng mt c ch hay bng s tp trung. Cng th, i vi nhng ngi khc th c th gy ra s hin din ca mt tinh linh xu, nhng chng ti tin rng i vi Rinpoche th nhng v l cc H Php, nhng mn v ngi dn dt ca Php. Vi rt t th gi, Rinpoche i ti Amdo. Ngi ban cc gio l v nhng trao truyn ti nhiu tu vin, biu l mt s iu huyn diu, v ban nhiu tin tri. Ti Tu vin Kde Rekong, trong mt l trng th, Rinpoche yu cu Alak Zhiwatso, mt tlku (ha thn) con trai ca Chying Topben Dorje, cm ui ca mt mi tn lm bng tre kh, v ngi ko mi tn. Mi tn c ko di ra khong khong 60cm. Mt hm ngi ving thm mt n s gi trong mt hang ng, v ny l t ca Dodrupchen i trc. V n s ni: Rinpoche, hm nay ngi phi ph din mt iu huyn diu. Cho ti khi ngi lm iu , ti s khng cho ngi i. ng ta ngi trn ca hang, chn li ra ngoi. Rinpoche bo v n s: Nu ng ti i, ti ha l s ph din mt iu huyn diu. Theo li bo m , v n s cho ngi i. Khi Rinpoche ra ngoi hang, ngi ni: Ti la c ng ri, v phng nga i. V n s tht vng khng ch v Rinpoche khng ph din iu huyn diu no, nhng bi ngi tht ha. Sau ng nhn thy mt du vt bn chn ca Rinpoche tht r rng trn tng ca hang. Ht sc vui mng, v n s i theo nhm ca Rinpoche v khn cu Rinpoche cho ng chic giy in du vt. C tng v chic giy u c ct gi tht trn trng trong mt ngi cha ti Rekong. Thung lng Me (rMe) Rinpoche lm mt ci nt bng mt chic que st. Ngi bp mt qu cu bng pha l nh th n lm bng bt nho v li du vt bn tay tri

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ca ngi ln . Ngi cha lnh cho nhng ngi b bnh hay c cho l b nhng tinh linh m nhp. Ti tu vin Tarthang Golok, khi ngi gp Choktrl Rinpoche, ngi khng mang theo mt chic khn trao i theo hnh thc cho hi thng thng. Nhng trc mt nhiu ngi, ngi lm mt c ch nm mt vt g trong khng trung v a ra mt chic khn la trng dng cng. Khi Rinpoche du hnh ti nhng ni xa xi, ngi biu l nhng iu huyn diu ng kinh ngc. Nhng sau ngi buc cc th gi phi ha khng thut li cu chuyn khi h tr v tu vin, v cc khenpo v Lt ma ln tui kh chu. C hai l do v sao cc khenpo gi vng lp trng k l ny, ng c v sai cng c. Trc ht, c mt nim tin l nu mt Lt ma cng khai hin l nng lc huyn b ca mnh, nhiu ngi chng kin c th khng chp nhn mt s ph din nh th, v v th h c th c mt phn ng tiu cc. Nh vy, iu s mang li nhng hu qu tiu cc cn mnh m hn nhng nguyn nhn khc, bi n c ni kt vi nng lc huyn b. Phn ng tiu cc bao gm vic thu ngn th mng ca Lt ma. K , bi cc khenpo l nhng v hng dn gii lut tu vin, h ngh rng nu mt Lt ma quan trng ca tu vin ph din nng lc siu nhin, cc hc vin tr tui s b nh hng bi nhng tnh cch d di v xao lng vic hc tp nghim tc v nhng gii nguyn tu vin khim tn, l cch thc thch hp i vi nhng ngi bnh thng. Mc d mt ngi gic ng s hiu bit nhiu hn mt tm tr thng tu nhng l mt trong nhng thi c tnh cch truyn thng. Rinpoche ving thm nhng tu vin ph ca Dodrupchen trong Thung lng Dzika. Ti Tu vin Sanglung, trong khi ban qun nh trng th cho Lama Lhnpo, ngi ko mt mi tn trng th lm bng mt nhnh cy kh v ko n di ra khong 45 cm. Trong nhiu nm mi tn vn pht trin cho ti khi n b hy hoi. Sau ngi ving thm cc tu vin nhnh ca Dodrupchen ti Gyarong. ngi cha ca Do Khyentse ti a im hnh hng Kaulong trong lnh a Trokyap, Rinpoche lc mt thc ung trc hnh tng ca Do Khyentse, v bc hnh hp thu thc ung . Rinpoche ving thm ngi cha c nh tng Avalokiteshvara (Qun Th m) t-xut hin Trokyap. Khng lu sau khi Rinpoche ri i, Tri Kongthang, mt Lt ma quan trng phi Geluk, ngi vn sng Tu vin Labtrang Amdo, ving thm ngi cha. Tri Kongthang ni vi hnh tng nh mt li cu nguyn: Ngi l Avalokiteshvara. Dodrupchen l Vajrapni (Kim Cng Th). Ti c cho l Manjusjr (Vn Th). Ba Loi Pht/B Tt t hi ni y. Xin ph din mt du hiu huyn diu. Vo lc , trc mt ca nhng ngi c mt , t ming ca hnh tng mt dng cam l c mu hi xanh lc chy xung. Ti nhn thy cht nc hi xanh lc ny trong mt ci chai ti ngi cha, ch vi thng sau khi s kin xy ra. Rinpoche tr v tu vin. Bui l mt trm ngn cng dng tsok hng nm ti n tht bin thnh mt tsechu hng nm, hay bui l ngy mng mi t chc cng khai, ti tu vin chnh. Hng trm tu s c hnh bui i l ny trong mt tun. Cui tun cc tu s tr c hnh nhng giai on khc nhau ca cc nghi l v thin nh trong hnh thc ca mt v iu huyn b trong bn ngy. Hin nay i vi nhng ngi Ty phng mt cuc biu din nh th c gi mt cch n gin l mt v iu Lama. Rinpoche chun b nhng y phc bng gm thu v bng la tuyt p v nhng mt n kho lm cho nhng ngi trnh din. Lc u ngi

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ta ngh rng khi lm cho bui l n gin v ring t ti n tht tr thnh mt bui l ln hn v cng khai ti tu vin, h s mt i nhng iu huyn diu, chng hn nhng dng cam l. Nhng chng bao lu ngi ta chng kin nhng loi huyn diu khc. C mt ln, bnh pt-inh lm bng go c nu cho vi trm tu s khng vi cn i, ngay c sau khi c dn cho hng trm c s ti xem nhng cuc biu din. Mt cnh ng nh cha mt trm din vin trnh din trong v cho khong mi ngn ngi ti thc hnh v xem biu din. Trong m rc H Php, khong hai mi chic bn v nhiu cy thng vi nhng l c H Php b m nhp v di chuyn lung tung y . Sau , cng vi mt ba tic t chc cng phu, Rinpoche du hnh ti Mewa, Kubum, Sining, Rekong, Lanchow, v cui cng ti Tu vin Labtrang Amdo. Ti Labtrang, ngi c tu vin cho php cho cc th gi ca ngi tp trnh din v kch Vua Songtsen Gampo. Tu vin khng bao gi dy nhng ngi khc, nhng lc Jamyang Zhepa ng (1916-1946)300 mt, ngi bo cc th gi: Mt ngy no s c ngi t phng nam ti v ni: Ti l ngi truyn b nhng cuc trnh din kch. Khi ngi y ti, cc ng phi dy ng ta. V th, cc th gi ca v Thy ny nh li nhng li ca Jamyang Zhepa qu c, t chc mi vic tp luyn cho cc t ca Rinpoche. Rinpoche tr v tu vin vi nhng b qun o lng ly, ha trang, v nhng nhc c dnh cho v kch. Bn thn Rinpoche bin son hai cuc biu din b tc, cuc i ca Trime Knden v ca Drowa Zangmo. Nh nhng b qun o p v vic tp luyn hon ho, nhng bui trnh din l mt iu k diu trong min Golok, ni m trc mi ngi cha bao gi c chng kin nhng s kin nh th. Tt c cc din vin u l cc tu s, ng nhng vai tr ca c ngi nam ln ngi n c ha trang. (Ngy nay, truyn thng din kch ca Rinpoche c hi sinh nhiu ni trong cc thung lng Do, Mar, v Ser.) Cc khenpo c nhng phn i, cho rng nhng cuc trnh din kch l mt s xao lng vic hc tp, thin nh v gii lut nghim tc, nhng bn thn cc ngi thch th nhng cuc trnh din ny n ni v khenpo thm nin nht, Khenpo Kang-nam, thm ch yu cu mt cuc trnh din c bit cho bn thn ngi. Nm ngi hai mi lm tui (1951), cng vi nhiu tu s, Rinpoche du hnh ti Tarsedo (Kanding). Trn ng i, mt m h cm tri trong thung lng bn cnh thung lng ni c n tht ca Yukhok Chatralwa. Khi Chatralwa nghe iu ny, ngi ch th cho mi t tr ca ngi: Mt on hnh hng ln ang cm tri trong thung lng k bn. Ngy mai cc con phi chn h li khng cho h ti y. Ngy hm sau, cc t ca Chatralwa b du vo mt tnh th kh x. Lm th no h c th ngn cn Dodrupchen ti y? Nhng cng lm th no h c th khng ngn cn Rinpoche bi l yu cu ca Lt ma? V th h i v ch bn ng ni, lo lng khng bit phi lm g. Sng sm ngy hm sau, Rinpoche bo cc th gi ca ngi: Hm nay ta s dn ng. Thay v i thng theo ng ni, h i ngc ln thung lng v quay tr xung thung lng c n tht v thnh lnh thm nhp vo n tht. Cc tu s ca n tht khng cn chn la no khc v nh phi n tip ngi. Nhng Chatralwa bo cc t: y chng ta khng c ca ci vt cht cng dng ngi, l nhng g ngi c th n ly, bi chng ta l mt nhm hnh kht. Ta khng c gio l tng ngi, v du sao th ngi c th khng cn ti chng, bi bn thn ta

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chng bit g ht. Tt hn l ngi nn lp tc ri khi ci chn x xc ny v s li ch ca nhng con nga, la v cc th gi ca ngi. Mt m l, Rinpoche yu cu cc t ca Lt ma thay mt ngi ni vi Lt ma: Bi thiu duyn nghip, by gi ti khng th nhn thy ngi trong i ny. Nhng ti cu nguyn rng trong i sau ti s c th gp ngi v nhn nhng gio l nh cam l ca ngi. Khi Lt ma nghe thng ip, ngi mm ci v ni: Ta lo rng ta khng th nhn thy tlku ca Dodrupchen trong i ny, bi ta qu gi. Ta ang a bi qu phn khch. Rinpoche i vo, v vic u tin ngi lm l ban mt qun nh trng th cho Lt ma, bi Lt ma ang bnh. Sau trong vi ngy cc ngi trao i cho nhau nhng vn quan trng ca tantra v gio l Dzopa Chenpo. Sau ny Rinpoche vit mt bi th nm trang tn thn s chng ng ca Chatralwa. K Rinpoche ving thm Minyak Garthar, Rashel Gn, Trakhar Gn v nhiu ni khc v ban nhng qun nh v gio l. mt ni ngi dng mt tch y nc cho mt hnh tng, v hnh tng hp thu cht nc . Ti cc bui l, nhng phm vt nghi l bay vo khng gian. Mt bui ti khi ti gi cm tri th tri ma ln. Cho ti khi cc th gi ca ngi c th dng xong nhng chic lu, Rinpoche tm ch tr ma di mt tng , thm ch ngi khng th ngi thng lng. Khi Tsamzang v nhng ngi khc n tm Rinpoche, ngi ngi dy. Khng bit r s tht, Tsamzang hi: Rinpoche, ngi tm c mt ci ng ln hn? Ngi ni: Khng, nhng sau mt lt ta mt ti ni phi ngi gp u li. Ri h nhn thy l ton b thn trn ca Rinpoche n su vo tng , nh th trong bn. H c th nhn thy vt tch ca b y, ci u, v ngay c tng si tc ca ngi trong tng . Theo Snam Nyima, vt tch ny vn cn . Tartsedo, Rinpoche li Dorje Trak v cc tr x ca Do Khyentse v ban nhng trao truyn v gio l cho vua x Chakla v hng ngn ngi khc. Ngi ta ni rng ngi khm ph mt s terma t, nhng ti khng c thm thng tin. Khi ngi ving thm Rikhuk Kushok, mt trong nhng Lt ma quan trng ca Tartsedo, Rinpoche ln mt ming knh v li du vt bn tay ngi. Tondrup, chu ca Rikhuk Kushok, ni vi ti rng ng ta nhn thy iu ti tr x ca ch ng. T Tartsedo, Rinpoche ving thm Chengdu v Chongqing, v ngi tr v Tu vin Dodrupchen nm 1952. Chng bao lu, ngi thnh lp Rigne Lobdra, Hc vin Khoa hc. Rinpoche bo tr nm mi hc vin nghin cu vn phm, ch vit, thi ca, nghi l, kch, bi ht, cc mn la, torma, hi ha, y hc, v thut chim tinh. Ngi a nhiu thy thuc v nh chim tinh ni ting t nhng ni khc ti dy cc hc vin. Ngi m mt dng ng t thin v pht thuc min ph. Rinpoche bt u sng mi ni, khng duy tr tr x c nh no cho bn thn ngi. i khi ngi ta tm thy ngi sng trong mt gc ca mt in th vi mt tm nm v mt t php kh, vi nhng tm mn bao quanh. Ngi khng bao gi t giam mnh trong ch n nu ring ca mt gian phng. Ngi lun lun c mt, khng c ngay c mt cnh ca kha, mi ngi i vo gp ngi, nghe ngi ni, v ban tng mi s gip m ngi c th cung cp. Ngi dng hin i mnh cho vic chm sc tt c mi ngi, c bit l ngi ngho v nhng tu s tr nhit tm. Trong nhiu nm cho ti khi ti ri tu vin vo nm 1957, ngy ny sang ngy khc, trc khi bnh minh cho ti khi ti mt, ch thn ngi hng dn

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mi ngi, hu ht l nhng ngi ngho, trong nhng vic cu nguyn, nghi l, thin nh v hc tp. Ngi chia s vi h gian phng, thc phm v qun o ca ring ngi. Ngi tip i h bng cch k nhng cu chuyn k l, dy d h bng nhng thin xo khc nhau, v khai sng h bng cch ban nhng Gio Php. Ngi nhn mi vt qu bu hay ca ci m ngi ta cng dng cho ngi nhng i khi dng nh ngi qu hm h r sch chng. Vi ln trong mt nm, chnh tay ngi phn pht khng ch nhng vt bnh thng m c chu ngc, la, bc, v qun o cho nhng ngi ngho tng. nhiu ln ngi dc ht tt c ngn qu ca ngi cho cc d n v Php hay ban tng n cho mi ngi, v ngi khng gi bt k iu g ngay c mt ba n ring. Cc tu s ln tui ngh l ngi nn theo truyn thng hn na. Ngi nn sng mt ni trang trng thch hp vi mt v Dodrupchen, ngi nn chn cc tu s ln tui lm th gi, ngi nn tit kim ngn qu v nhng vt qu gi cho tng lai v hn ca tu vin. Rinpoche trn an h bng cch ni: Nu ti c th gip i sng ca mi ngi, c bit l nhng ngi thc s kh khn bng mi cch thc c th lm c th iu s l nim vui to ln nht trong i ti. Chng ta nn sung sng nu ta c th s dng mi iu chng ta c hin tng lm li lc mi ngi. Chng bao lu na s ti ngy m ta s khng c quyn thng thc ngay c mt tch tr. Bn thn ti nhiu ln nghe Rinpoche ni nhng li ny. Rinpoche i gp Tlku Knzang Nyima (mt nm 1858/1959), mt ngi chu v tlku v ng ca Ddjom Lingpa (1835-1903). Theo s thc gic ca Rinpoche, Tlku Knzang Nyima khm ph mt lot cc gio l terma Khandro Gongpa Dpa, v cc ngi cng c hnh cc bui l. Nm 1957, vi thng sau khi chng ti i Lhasa, Rinpoche du hnh ti Amdo. Ngi ban cc gio l v trao truyn nhiu ni. Ngi ving thm Tu vin Labtrang v thc hin nhng l cng dng phc tp. Sau ngi ving thm Sining (Ty Ninh). Ti bo thp bng vng ca Je Tsongkhapa ti Tu vin Kubum, ni c Tsongkhapa ra i, ngi c hnh mt l cng dng ko di by ngy, thnh mi hai mi lm v geshe tham d. Mi ngy ngi thc hin nhng li cu nguyn thit tha cho s pht trin ca Php, s an bnh, v hnh phc ca tt c nhng b m chng sinh. Theo Khenpo Ngawang Sherap qu c v nhng ngi khc, Rinpoche ni vi cc th gi ca ngi: Nu c ai mun o thot th y l c hi cui cng i Lhasa. Vo lc ny cc th gi ca ngi thc dc ngi ra i, v c lc ngi nhng b p lc ca h. Thm ch cc th gi sp xp on ca ngi i Lhasa. Sau ti mt trong nhng ngy cu nguyn ti Kubum, vi ni au bun v hn, Rinpoche ni vi Tsltrim Gyatso, mt trong nhng th gi chnh ca ngi: Ta nhn thy mt ngi cha vng c ba tng, v n hon ton bin mt sau mt ngn ni. Gi y mng mch ca Gio Php v hnh phc v s an bnh ca mi ngi chm dt. Ta s khng i. Ta khng th b cc tu s v dn chng ca ta. Ta s tr v tu vin v c gng ban nhng s trao truyn v gio l thanh tnh ca Nyingthig Yabzhi v Longchen Nyingthig mt ln na, mt ln cui cng. Sau , ving thm nhiu tu vin Nyingma v ban cc gio l trn ng, ngi tr v tu vin. Nm 1958, nhiu Lt ma quan trng nhng ni khc nhau t hi mt cch t nhin ti Tu vin Dodrupchen m khng c cht sp xp no. Trc tin Rinpoche ban nhng gio l v ngndro. Sau , vi s sp xp k lng, ngi v hng trm

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tu s c hnh mt bui l Ngensong Jongwa ko di by ngy v nhng Bn Tn ha bnh v phn n. Tip theo l nhng qun nh Longchen Nyingthig, mi qun nh c km theo nhng ging gii chi tit. Sau ngi ban cc gio l v Yeshe Lama cng nh Khandr Kegyang. Sau ngi bt u ban nhng qun nh Nyingthig Yabzhi. i vi mi qun nh (ngoi tr nhng qun nh tnh bnh), ngi phn chia ngi th nhn thnh tng nhm, mi nhm khng qu nm ngi, y theo truyn thng. Mi qun nh c km theo nhng gio hun v sau thin nh v nhng gio hun trong nhiu ngy, c t cch tham d qun nh k tip. Trong khi cc qun nh ang tip din, ngi ni vi cc th gi: Cui nhng trao truyn ny, chng ta s c hnh mt l cng dng tsok trng th. Mi vt cht m ta s hu nn c dng cho vic . Khi l qun nh kt thc, mi ngi cng c hnh mt l tsog tht cng phu. Chng bao lu sau , qun i thnh lnh tn cng tu vin. Bi mi ngi khn cu ngi, Rinpoche cng nhiu Lt ma trn thot vo rng n nu. Ton b Tu vin b lc sot. Mt vi tu s b git v nhng tu s khc b bt. Sau khi tri qua nhiu tun trong rng, Rinpoche u hng nh cm quyn Namda trong Thung lng Dzika. Mc d qua nhng s thn, ngi c nh cm quyn bo m l s khng b bt, nhng ngi b bt gi lp tc. Sau , nh mt t nhn, ngi c a ti s ch huy ca Qun Padma (Baima) v b gi mt thi gian. Nm 1959, ngi b a ti mt trong nhng tri t s nhc nht trong vng t kh cn nht ca Qinghai (Thanh Hi), cch xa qu hng ca ngi khong nm trm dm, th n t chung thn. Trong nhiu nm, h hng v cc t ca ngi khng bit ngi u. Ngi l mt trong nhng t nhn phi lao ng nng nhc. Do bi h thng ngc t v cng bi nn i d di, cc t nhn thng phi sng bng cho long trong nm 1960 v 1961. Tuy nhin, l mt nh t ca trung ng, v nu qu v khng ni hay lm iu g chng li lut l v lm cng vic nng nhc ca qu v th l mt ni cht t t bi s i kht v lao ng nng nhc, nhng khng c qu nhiu ngi cht v b tra tn nh p nh trong cc nh t a phng. Trong nh t ny ngi l ngi duy nht ca Tu vin Dodrupchen, nhng c mt s t ca ngi nhng min khc, v th sau ny ti c nghe k v cuc i ca ngi qua vi ngi sng st v c th ra. Ti nghe k rng trong nh t ca qun ln nh t quc gia, cho d ngi b ngc i, bnh tt, v i kht, khng hiu v sao dng nh ngi c v sch s v vui v hn nhng ngi khc v lun lun m chm trong s thin nh. Dng nh chng bao gi ngi quan tm ti bn thn, nhng au bun v nhng g ngi khc phi tri qua. Trong nh t quc gia, i khi ngi b mt chia s lng thc phm t i ca ngi cho nhng ngi yu sc hn ngi. Sau khi ngi b bnh, ngi khng phi i lm vic, v phn cho ca ngi c mang ti ging ngi. Vi s hoan h ln lao, ngi s dng n nh mt l cng dng tsok v sau th hng mn cho. Nm 1961, ngi phi chu mt ca m, v trong ca m ngi ta dng mu ca mt t theo o Hi. Sau ny, khi nghe ni v vic truyn mu, ngi khng mun sng na. Ngi khng nghe nhng ting th thm van xin v nhng git nc mt che du ca cc t. Vi Dzakhen Lama, mt trong nhng t au bun, ngi ni: Ta khng b p buc phi sng trong nh t ny v nghip qu kh ca ta. [Ta

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 y v mt mc ch.] Ta khng kh khn g khi i ti bt k ci tnh no, nu ta chn la. ng lo lng cho ta! Ngay khi ngi mt, nhc thn ca ngi c chn ct. Drubwang Rinpoche, mt t ca ngi, nhn thy ni ngi ta chn ct ngi. Nm 1979, Tu vin Dodrupchen tm li c nhc thn ca ngi vi s tr gip ca Drubwang Rinpoche v mt ngi Trung quc lm cng vic chn ct. Thnh thong, Rinpoche c c hi th thm nhng gio l, nhng linh kin, v cc s kin trong nhng i trc ca ngi cho cc t l Gyalse Padlo Rinpoche, Drubwang Rinpoche, Dzakhen Lama Rigdzin, v nhng ngi khc. Ngi cng bin son gio l trong hnh thc nhng bi th nh nh mn qu tm bit khi mt t c phng thch. Trong ln phng thch Tlku Thrinle Knkhyab (cng c gi l Nangchen Gyalse Achen, ?-1990), Rinpoche vit li ch dy sau y v a n cho Tlku b mt mang ra khi nh t: Ti lun xa i lc trn nh u con, i Lt ma, hin thn ca c Pht trong ba thi, Con khn cu lng bi mn ca ngi, cn nhanh hn tia chp Ngi khng cch xa, m trong tim con. Gic tnh chi li ca tm sng m Thot khi nhng im quy chiu l s hin din ca Lt ma. S hin din ca gic tnh ni bn thn th tht k diu! [i tng:] Gi y, trong phm vi ca khng gian bao la m trng, Vi phm tnh khng bm chp, xin an tr tt lnh. [Ch th:] Bt k iu kin no ca nhng t tng tranh u pht sinh, Ging nh nhng bng tuyt trn mt tng c un nng, Hy chng tan bin vo Php gii ca s m trng v i ca nn tng. Khi y nhng [t tng] nh th s khng c [nng lc] lm hi hay cha lnh. Tht l vui th! [Hnh ng:] Trong vic phn bit cc s vic l tt v xu, c hnh v v hnh, Ging nh v nhng ng vch trong khng gian, Hy nhn ra s t-thun tnh ca chng, bng cch nhn thy chng chuyn ng nhng trong m, V t nguyn thy chng khng b tri buc bi nhng tnh cht hy vng v s hi. [Kt qu:] Gic tnh hi tng l s t-gii thot khi tip xc [hay s chng ng]. Ba ci l gic tnh siu vit, s gii thot-ti-nn tng. Mi s xut hin l s ph din ca nng lc Php thn. C sinh t ln Nit bn ch l gic tnh ni ti.

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Jigtral Ddl Namkhe Dorje bin son bi k ny theo li khn cu ca Tlku Rinpoche Thrinle Kunkhyab, khi Tlku c phng thch khi nh t. Ngay sau khi Rinpoche mt, lc bnh minh ngy mng mi thng by nm Kim Su (1961), t ca ngi l Dzakhen Rigdzin than khc vi lng sng m v thng tic. Vo lc , Rinpoche xut hin trc ng (trn khng trung) trong y phc heruka. Lic nhn bu tri, Rinpoche ban cho ng di chc: Nam t, hy lng tai nghe ta. Ta l ng v y ca hng trm bc lo thng, Ta l t tin, nn tng ph qut ca sinh t v Nit bn. Hm nay, s chia tay ca chng ta l li lm ca nhng hin tng duyn hp. Con khc than v vic c li ch g? Ci cht ch l mt gii hn quy c, nh m thanh ca ngn gi. Xin ng cm thy bun au m hy vui sng. Khi t i ca thn ta tan r, Nhn thc phng chiu bn ngoi ca ta tr v bn trong, Thnh s rng ln ca nn tng, thn tnh bnh vi su phm tnh siu vit. Nhn thc khng b ngn che [hay trong tro] ca ta, nhng s xut hin ca nn tng, Tan ha vo tr tu vi t bm sinh khng lm ln, Php gii ti thng ca tm ca ng th h Guhyapati, Ging nh mt trng trong bu tri c trng thng tun, nhng c hnh khng th din t, Chng hn nh mng li vin mn t nhin ca cc ci Pht, Thc phm ca s thin nh v nhng vt trang sc t-xut hin, hin din. Mc d Lt ma bn ngoi, thn tng vt l ca ta, S hin l v thn c tan ha vo php gii ca s quang minh chi li, Lt ma bn trong, ngha tuyt i ca ta, nam t, s an tr trong nn tng ph qut ca tm con. Ta, cha ca con, v h tr tr tu Jal Dorje, Khng bao gi xa la con ngay c trong chc lt. Tm con thot khi nhng im quy chiu, [s hp nht] ca quang minh v tnh Khng, l ta. Nu con duy tr khun mt ca s t thn ny, nhng thnh tu s xut hin: Nhng yu t (i) vt l ngoi v trong ca con s tr nn thun tnh. Cc mn la ca ba v tr s c vin mn trong thn th ca ring con. Nhng hnh tng (thn), ng [v t tng] ca con s tr thnh thn, ng, v tm ca Lt ma. y l bc th h hnh ng ca mi Bn Tn phn n vinh quang, Bn Tn Vajrakla vinh quang v i nht:

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Phurba ca s gic ng c vin mn trong thai tng ca v phi ngu, Phurba ca ba hin hu gii thot sinh t. Phurba ca bn tnh ti thng c thnh tu t nhin. Vi ng rnh ca phurba tr tu vi t Nhng chuyn ng ca kh/nng lc/ v tm [c gii thot] thnh avadhti (kinh mch trung ng), V nhng kinh mch tri tim ca vic c nhn thc v ngi nhn thc b tit tr. Phurba ca vic thot khi nhng to tc c hon thin nn tng. S thnh tu phurba ny l tm yu ca mt ngn ng vinh quang [ch Pht]. Mng li sinh t v Nit bn c hon thin trong thn ngi. Nhng iu ny c xut hin t thn v hp nht thnh chnh chng. T mi l chn lng ca thn ta Ta biu th hng trm triu hin l. c bit l s hin l v tm ca ta s xut hin Ga-ge. S hin l v thn s xut hin Puwo. Chng bao lu [mt t b qun mt y] xut hin trong thung lng qu hng ta. Nhng hin l ca ta v nhng truyn thng Mt tha S xut hin nh nh trng so vi nh sng mt tri. Con s c may mn c phc v h. Cun giy vng vinh quang ny, t chic hp qu bu, Phn gio l ca con, c ct du trong tm con. Trong tng lai, hy gii m n v mang li lc n cho chng sinh. ng qun nhng di chc ta ban cho con trong qu kh. Gi y, trong chc lt, ta s i ti Ci Tnh V Song. Trong khi thc hin mt sadhna Hayagrva, t ba mn la thing ling [trn, ming, v tim], ngi ban bn qun nh [trong hnh thc nhng tia sng] cho Dzakhen Rigdzin, v sau , nhy ma, ngi l lng trn khng trung. Rinpoche l mt ngi c bit dng hin mi s cho vic chm sc ngi khc, v c bit l ngi ngho kh. Bn thn ngi c gng sng nh mt ngi bnh thng, Hu nh ngi khng quan tm ti nhu cu ca ring ngi. Rinpoche bin son nhiu gio l v Dzopa Chenpo, nhiu bi th v nhng li ch dy, nhng hu ht b tht lc. Ngi khm ph mt gio kha vin mn v vic tu tp thc hnh Ch nh gio l terma. Hin vn cn st li vi phn ca gio l ny. Golok v Amdo c khong su Lt ma tr ph din nhng nng lc huyn diu v khng chnh thc c xc nhn l nhng tlku ca ngi. Tuy nhin, Tlku Jigme Long-yang,301 sinh trong nhm b tc Puchung Risarma trong Thung lng Do c Tu vin Dodrupchen tha nhn l tlku ca Rinpoche v ang sng ti tu vin.

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38

DODRUPCHEN T THUPTEN THRINLE PALZANG

Sinh nm 1927 KYABJE Thupten Thrinle Palzang, Dodrupchen Rinpoche t,302 l mt o s v i ca Dzopa Chenpo (i Vin mn), v h tr dng truyn tha v ngi truyn b chnh yu ca gio l Longchen Nyingthig. Rinpoche sinh nm Ha Mo thuc Rabjung th mi su (1927) ti lng Tsi trong Thung lng Ser (Serta) Golok, min ng Ty Tng. Tsi l mt ngi lng nh, bao quanh l nhng cnh ng la m, la mch, v u Ha Lan xanh ti v tr ph. Ngn ni xanh ph c pha sau lm chm cy ci v nhng tng . Con sng Ser du dng chy chm ri t phi sang tri. Thn ph ca Rinpoche l Drala thuc b tc Jekar, v thn mu l Kali Kyi thuc b tc Kazhi. Trong khong thi gian t lc thn mu mang thai ngi cho ti khi ngi su tui, Rinpoche ph din nhiu du hiu k diu. Lushl Khenpo v Lauthang Tlku ghi li nhng du hiu ny cho ti khi ngi bn tui. Trong thi th u ca ti, ht sc t m, ti c v nhng s kin ny nhiu ln v di y l mt s iu ti cn nh. Trong khong thi gian ngi c hoi thai, thn ph ngi c mt gic m trong ng ma mt thanh kim pha l, n di n ni khng th nhn thy u ngn kim trn bu tri. Nm hu nh cu vng xut hin mi ngy trn lng Tsi, v cc tu s ca tu vin i qua sng thng ni a: Nm nay tt c nhng ngi dn lng Tsi s t c thn cu vng. Khi Rinpoche trong bng m, nhiu lc m ngi i vo mt ch ti tm nhng b c th nhn thy nh nh sng xut hin, i khi iu lm b hong s. Mt hm mt con rn ngm mt vt sng ngi trong ming i vo nh v sau bin mt vo trong tng trc mt vi ngi. Hu nh mi m mt za303 xut hin trn mi nh. ngi lng xa xi ny nhiu ln ngi ta nhn thy mt con qu khng c phn trn ca ci m sng Tu vin

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Dzogchen. Khng c ht ging no c gieo nhng mt loi hoa v danh trong vng t ca x s ph y mi nh. Khi ngi sinh ra trc bnh minh, mc d tri vn cn ti, nhng nh mt nh sng nn c th nhn thy mi vt tht r rng. a tr c tm thy nhiu ln trn mi nh mc d n khng i c. Cho rng hn l cu b leo ln cu thang, cha m cu chn cu thang li nhng h vn tm thy cu b tng trn nhiu ln. C ln mt tng mani ln - tng c khc nhng li cu nguyn ri ln ngi Rinpoche. Dng nh ngi gy nhiu ming xng, nhng sau vi gi mi du vt ca tn hi ny bin mt. Nhiu ngi nghe ngi tng thn ch siddhi, thn ch cu nguyn ca Guru Rinpoche, nhiu ln. Mt hm, mt t ca Dodrupchen tam c t tn l Guru ti thm ngi. Khi Rinpoche nhn thy ng, ngi lp tc ni: Guru! Guru! v gia h cho ng bng cch t bn tay ln u ng v tng, OM AH HM, VAJRA GURU PADMA SIDDHI HM. Dzogchen Rinpoche Thupten Chkyi Dorje tam (1872-1935) ban tin tri sau y cho Tu vin Dodrupchen ch ra ni tlku ca Dodrupchen tam s c tm thy: Sui ngun chnh yu ca s hin l ca o s kim cng, Th h ca nhng dng truyn tha ca c Pht, l Ni Huy hong ca Lc a Ngayab. trung tm, l ci tnh v i ca Bo thn, C bn hin thn ca thn, ng, tm, v c hnh ca ngi. Hin l hnh ng ca ngi ti sinh min nam ca tu vin, Ti mt ni gia nhng ngn ni vi nhng tng v cy ci, Trong gia nh ca mt phng tin thin xo [cha] v mt tr tu [m] c gi tn l Ka v Da Nh mt a tr tt lnh ca nm Th Mo. C nhng du hiu cho thy ngi s lm li lc Gio Php v chng sinh. Theo khn cu ca nhng ngi sng m, Ta, Dzogchen Tlku Dharmavajra ng, Vit tt c nhng g c nh li trong tm thc m lm ca ta. Cu mong bnh minh ca nhng c hnh v iu tt lnh trn ngp tri t. Yog Dzogchen Yukhok Chatralwa v i cng ni: Trong mt gic m ta nhn thy hai ci bnh thing trn mt mn la, v th s c hai ha thn. Nu thc hin l cng dng cho cc v bo tr, qu v s tm thy cc tlku rt sm. Sau Dzogchen Rinpoche ch th cho h hng dn cuc tm kim min nam ca tu vin cho ti cc thung lng x Li v Tsang. Khi nhm tm kim t Tu vin Dodrupchen ving thm lng Tsi, trc khi cha m ngi bit tin phi on n ni, Rinpoche ni vi h: Hm nay c khch ti, v ngi ht tht vui v. Khi on ngi n kho st ngi, by ra trc mt ngi nhng quyn sch, chui ht, v nhng vt s hu khc ca Dodrupchen i trc c ln vi php kh ca nhng ngi khc, ngi cm ln nhng vt ca v tin nhim khng cht sai lm v ni: Ci ny ca ti. 260

Sau mt danh sch cc tn ngi c trnh cho Dzogchen Rinpoche ngi quyt nh ln cui cng. Ngi la ra tn ca Dodrupchen Rinpoche hin ti v sng tc mt bi nguyn trng th cho a tr, v ban cho cu tn Thupten Thrinle Palzangpo. Nhiu i Lt ma khc cng chng thc vic xc nhn v iu m h nht tr. Khi cu b c bn tui, mt phi on t Tu vin Dodrupchen trong lng Tsi n nh bui n rc u tin, dn u l Tlku Pemang Namgyal (mt nm 1957), mt tlku ca Ddjom Lingpa. Trn ng i ti tu vin, nhm ngi cm tri vo ban m v sng hm sau mt vi con nga b mt. Mi ngi tm kim khp ni chung quanh nhng khng th tm ra chng. H hi Rinpoche l c th tm thy chng u. Ngi ch ngn tay nh xu ca ngi v hng mt ngn ni, v h tm thy nhng con nga . Bui l tip n cui cng do Khenpo Knme (1859-1935) hng dn, c t chc mt ni cch tu vin hai dm. V khenpo gi ci mt con dzo,304 i ti, c khong mt trm tu s hc vin i cng. Cc hc vin i b thnh mt hng sau v khenpo. H p y tu s mu cam v cm nhng quyn sch trong sholaki (nhng ci hp) nh mt biu tng ca vic h l nhng ngi nghin cu Kinh in. Ngoi ra ti ni ny Rinpoche gp Rigdzin Tenpe Gyaltsen (1927-1961), ngi cng c xc nhn l Dodrupchen t v c a ti tu vin c tn phong ng thi vi ngi. Cc Pht t tin rng nu qu v l mt bc chng ng cao cp, qu v c th ng thi hin l chnh mnh trong thn tng ca nhiu ngi nh nhng ha thn phng s chng sinh. V th c nhiu ha thn ca Dodrupchen, l nhng v do Dodrupchen nht ha hin t lc u. Hai Rinpoche c cc nhm tu s v c s a ti Tu vin Dodrupchen v vo i snh ca ngi cha chnh. Nhiu ngi khc v sung sng v trn ngp nim tin. c hai Rinpoche cng c tn phong, v bui l c c hnh trong bu khng kh v cng hoan h. Ti Tu vin Dodrupchen, ngay sau khi cc l tn phong hon tt, Rinpoche ng trn Php ta, ci v tng Bi Cu nguyn By Dng v vi cu k t Zheng Shik Pema, trc s kinh ngc ca mi ngi. Sau ngi ving thm cha ca cc v H Php, v t quyn sch khng l gm nhng bi cu nguyn cc H Php, ngi rt ra mt bi cu nguyn ngn cc v H Php do Do Dodrupchen nht bin son v a n cho thn ph ca ngi. Ngi khng th nhn ra cc ch nhng tng thuc lng bi nguyn, qun mt mt dng. Mc d c mt dng b qun nhng ngha vn y . Theo ngh ca Khenpo Knme, cc th gi ca ngi thng cho ngi ko v t nhng cu hi, v p li ngi thut li cho h v nhng linh kin v hi c ca ngi trong nhng i trc. V d nh: Hi: Ngi t u ti? p: T Zangdok Palri (Ni Huy hong Mu ng ). Hi: Zangdok Palri ra sao? p: [Chp i bn tay nh xu ca ngi trong hnh dng mt tri tim/ngn ni] N ging th ny. Hi: Ai sng ?

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p: Guru Rinpoche. Hi: Cn ai khc p: Chenrezik (c Qun Th m) . Hi: Ngi bit Sin-gyal Raksha Thtreng khng? p: Bit. Hi: Trng ng ta ra sao? p: Nhiu ming, nhiu mt, nhiu mu sc. [Ngi ci.] Mt ln khc nhng cu hi v cu tr li din ra nh sau: Tr x ca ngi u? Ngi ch v pha rng trong c n tht trong i trc ca ngi v ni: . C a bn ngi, h ni: Ngoi cy ci ra chng c g . Ngi tr li: Khng! Khng! Nh ti ! Thnh thong Rinpoche lm nhng torma bng tsampa trong nhng ci t ca h v khi nm chng i, h ni: Cu mong cc chng ngi b tng xut. Ngi ta c th nhn thy nhng tia sng xut hin t cc torma. Mt m ngi sp i ng nhng bt u tng nhng bi k v danh bt u bng: Con khng bao gi xa la s gic ng.305 Th gi ca ngi c gng ghi li mt s trong nhng iu ngi nh li. l mt bi k by dng vi ngha trit hc v thin nh su xa. Sau ny, Kyala Khenpo son mt bnh ging v nhng cu k , gii thch chng theo ba cch, theo Mahyoga, Anuyoga, v Atiyoga. Hin nay chng ta tht lc c nhng cu k ln bnh ging ca Khenpo. Khenpo Knme pht biu: T bng chng ca nhng du hiu c ph din trong thi th u, Rinpoche c th hin l nh mt bc lo thng y nng lc vi nhng iu huyn diu c th so snh c vi Do Khyentse. Tuy nhin, sau khi ngi ln ln, ngoi tr mt vi trng hp, ngi khng ph din du hiu no v s thnh tu thn diu. Thm vo , khi nhng Lt ma khc, trong c v Dodrupchen Rinpoche t kia (Dodrupchen Rigdzin Tenpe Gyaltsen T), ph din cc iu huyn diu hay ban cc tin tri, ngi nhc i nhc li vi h rng: Trong thi i ny vic ph din iu huyn diu khng thch hp. N c th lm hi ti cuc i, nhng hot ng, hay Pht Php ca ta. N c th khin cho nhng n mt ca tantra (Mt in) b phn tn. T nm ln bn, khi cc ngi cng c tn phong, cho ti nm hai mi tui, hai v Ha thn ca Dodrupchen tam sng vi nhau v cng c dy d. T khi ln nm, cc ngi bt u c cc bn vn vi cc thy tr gio Puchung Rang-rik v Chkor Lotsl. Cc tu s ni chung, v c bit l cc tlku, c dy d tng c nhng bn vn tht nhanh, cho ti khi h c th tng ngay khi va nhn thy mt bn vn khng c chun b trc v nhanh nh thuc lng. Cc Rinpoche hon tt vic tp tng c ca mnh cha y mt nm, l mt thnh tu tuyt vi. T nm ln by (1933), cc ngi bt u nghin cu cc bn vn Kinh in. V Thy u tin ca cc ngi l Lushl Khenpo, Knchok Drnme (Knme, 18591936). Cc ngi hc Manjushrstotra, L Th cho mt ngi Bn ca Ngrjuna, Bodhicharyvatra (Nhp B Tt Hnh), v sau Ynten Dz, mt bn vn v s trnh by y Kinh in v Mt in ca Jigme Lingpa. Nhng khi cc ngi ang hc Ynten Dz na chng th Knme Khenpo mt sau mt cn bnh ngn tui by mi by, ph din nhiu du hiu ca s thnh tu tm linh cao cp.

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Nm mi mt tui (1937), hai v Rinpoche i ti Tu vin Gekong Dzachukha, cc ngi nhn qun nh v s ph chc Nyingthig Yabzhi v Longchen Nyingthig t Khenpo Knzang Chtrak (Khenpo Knpal, 1872-1943), mt t ca Paltrl Rinpoche v Dodrupchen tam. Giao ph cho cc ngi dng truyn tha, Khenpo ni vi cc ngi: Dng truyn tha ca ta xc thc, ngn, mnh m, v c gia h; n phi thng hn nhng dng truyn tha khc. Nay ta trao truyn ti sn ca mt ngi cha vo tay con trai. Khenpo rt vui sng v lin tc khn cu cc Rinpoche truyn b v gi vng dng truyn tha vng rng Longchen Nyingthig, khng pha trn n vi nhng dng khc. Trong ma ng nm cc Rinpoche tr v Tu vin Dodrupchen. Nm mi bn tui (1940), Rinpoche b bnh nng. Ngi i gp Apang Tertn, Ogyen Thrinle Lingpa (mt nm 1945), ngi ang ti Ni Drong-ri thing ling. Mt hm Apang Tertn ban cho ngi mt t chang, bia ln men, ung. Nhng Rinpoche ngp ngng. Bi mc d khng phi l mt tu s th gii, ngi khng c thi quen ung ru, tr gi gii lut ca truyn thng tu vin ca ngi. Nhng sau ngi ngh: Hn y l mt s gia h ca Lt ma, v ngi ung cn t chang m khng lng l na. Kt qu l mt s tnh gic k diu xut hin, l iu khng th din t bng li hay nhn thc bng t tng. Ngi c th tr li t nhin bt k cu hi no ca Lt ma, nhng ngi khng cn n lc khi ni nhng iu siu vt cu tr li m cu hi gi ra. Sau ny, khi ngi ra khi cn nh v cm nhn s va chm ca gi, iu mang li mt s xc tn bm sinh rng mi s xut hin hay hin hu u khng tht nh mt gic m, v mt ni chn ngn sinh t pht khi t nhin trong tm ngi. Vi s xut hin ca nhng cm xc khng th din t c ny v s an bnh v chn ngn, mt chng ng t nhin v gic tnh bm sinh pht khi trong ngi. Ngy hm sau ngi ti gp Lt ma trnh by nhng kinh nghim thin nh ca ngi. Nhiu nm sau ny Rinpoche ni v cuc gp g: Ta cm thy rng ta ang ni chuyn vi Lt ma nh mt a tr s sinh. Lt ma xc nhn s chng ng ca ngi v ban cho ngi mt tin tri chi tit v nhng s kin ca i ngi cho ti nm ngi hai mi lm tui. V Lt ma cng nhn ra Dodrupchen Rinpoche l mt trong nhng v h tr gio l ca cc gio l terma do chnh Lt ma khm ph. Lt ma khuyn Rinpoche nhn gio l t Yukhok Chatralwa, bi Chatralwa l v Thy nh mnh ca Rinpoche. Mt hm trong khi Rinpoche ang nhp tht ti So-thok Gyalwe Wenne, thnh lnh ngi ni vi th gi ca ngi rng ngi phi ti gp Yukhok Chatralwa. Vi mt th gi v mt con nga, ngi i ti n tht ca Lt ma, cch khong hai ngy ng. Trn ng i ngi gp ch ca ngi, nhng b khng nhn ra ngi bi b khng ngh rng ngi du hnh n gin nh th. Khi ngi ti n tht, Lt ma ang b bnh nng. Lt ma khng dng thc phm trong nhiu ngy v hu nh khng th di chuyn. Rinpoche c mt cuc m lun bnh thng vi Lt ma trong vi gi, vo lc Lt ma yu cu th gi mang cho Lt ma mt t thc phm. Trc s ngc nhin ca h Yukhok Chatralwa dng thc phm v t t hon ton bnh phc m khng c du vt no ca s bnh tt. Do bi tui gi, Chatralwa khng th ng dy. Nhng Lt ma ni: Ngi ta ni rng ta l mt t c ca Dodrupchen, v th ch thn ta phi dn tr cho Rinpoche, ngi cm bnh tr v rt vo tch ca Rinpoche. Mi ngi cho rng y l du hiu cho thy Yukhok

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Chatralwa chp nhn nim tin ca i chng ni nhn thn ca ngi l tlku ca Dola Jigme Kalzang, mt t chnh yu ca Dodrupchen nht. Ma xun nm Dodrupchen mi lm tui (1941), Rinpoche ban ton b qun nh v Lung ca Longchen Nyingthig cho khong mt ngn tng v ni ti Tu vin Dodrupchen. T nm ln mi cho ti mi tm tui, Rinpoche thc hin hu ht nhng vic nghin cu thng tu ca ngi ti Tu vin Dodrupchen. Cc v Thy ca ngi gm c Chkor Khenpo Kn-ga Lodr, Kyala Khenpo Chchok, Shorwak Khenpo Sherap Trakpa, Kephan Khenpo Thuksung, v Garwa Tlku Dorchok. Vic hc tp ca ngi bao gm cc bn vn Kinh in v vic tu tp chun b tm thc (Blo sByong), Madhyamaka (Trung o), Abhidharma (A t m), v Vinaya (Lut); v cc bn vn Mt in chng hn nh Guhyagarbha-tantra, cc Sdhana ca Ba Gc v Vajrakla ca Longchen Nyingthig, mt vi quyn trong By Kho tng ca Longchen Rabjam, v Yeshe Lama. Ngi c dy ht tng, m nhc, v nhng c ch huyn b (mudr, n), chun b cc mn la v torma, v v.v.. mi trch nhim ca mt vajra acharya (i o s). Ngoi thc hnh ngndro, ngi hon tt vic tu tp nhp tht tr tng Rigdzin Dpa, Yumka Dechen Gyalmo, Palchen Dpa, Vajrakla, v Guhyagarbhatantra. Trong ma xun nm ngi mi chn tui (1945), ph hp vi tin tri ca Apang Tertn, hai v Dodrupchen Rinpoche i hnh hng min Trung Ty Tng vi mt on hng trm ngi. Ngoi ra, theo ch dn ca Apang Tertn, h gi b mt nhn thn, ngoi tr ti Tu vin Mindroling v Ni vin Tsering Jong. mi ni khc, ngi ta ni rng th qu ca Dodrupchen ang du hnh ti nhng thnh a cng dng nhn danh hai v Rinpoche. H ving thm nhiu a im hnh hng v tu vin, trong c Radreng, Lhasa; ba i tu vin Drepung, Sera, v Ganden; Kangri Thkar; Drak Yangdzong; Dorje Trak; Mindroling; Samye; Tsering Jong; v thnh a Yarlung. Rinpoche thc hin mt kha nhp tht thc hnh sdhana ca Yumka Dechen Gyalmo (N Hong i Lc) trong phng ca Jigme Lingpa ti Ni vin Tsering Jong. Trong kha nhp tht ngi lin tc kinh nghim trong nhng thi gian di s tn dit ca mi t tng tm thng v s rng khp ca mt trng thi chi ngi ti thng (Don Gyi Od gSal) thot khi s khi nim ha. Ti Kodrz Ling, cha ca cc v H Php ca Tu vin Samye, v vn linh i vo trng thi xut thn mt cch t nhin v b H Php Tsiu Marpo nhp vo. ng ta chy ti Rinpoche v t lng tn knh, cng dng ngi ci mc trong tay ng ta, l php kh dng trong nghi l. Cui cng, ma thu nm ngi hai mi tui, vo ngy hai mi lm thng chn nm Ha Tut (1946), cc ngi tr v Dodrupchen. Chng bao lu sau khi ngi i hnh hng v, Tlku Jigme Phuntsok, v lnh o vic hnh chnh ca Tu vin Dodrupchen, c h tr bi hu ht cc tu s v c s, khn cu Rinpoche m nhn vic hnh chnh ca tu vin cng nhng tu vin nhnh v cc khu vc thuc tu vin (Lha sDe), mc d nhiu ngi, chng hn nh v Thy ca ti l Kyala Khenpo ht sc e d v ni: Rinpoche khng nn gnh vc cc trch nhim thuc v hnh chnh, nh v tin nhim ca ngi khng bao gi lm, bi cng vic lm ngi xao lng vic tu hc v gii quyt nhng nhu cu tm linh ca mi ngi. Trong khi Dodrupchen tam cn hin din, Tu vin

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Dodrupchen tr thnh mt trong nhng t chc tu hc pht trin nht min ng Ty Tng, nhng sau khi Knme Khenpo mt, tu vin nhanh chng suy tn v xung n tn cng trong lch s ca n khi Rinpoche c thc gic k tc cng vic . Rinpoche nhn lnh trch nhim. T lc cho ti nm ba mi tui, khi ngi b bt buc phi trn thot, Rinpoche hon thnh c hai trch nhim lnh o tm linh v hnh chnh ca tu vin. Khong nm Rinpoche hai mi hai tui, ngi ving thm Tu vin Joro, trong lnh a Trokyab thuc Tnh Gyarong. Cc tu s ca tu vin lm mt cy gio c treo bc tranh ca H Php Tsiu Marpo. H khn cu Rinpoche gia h v a ra cho mi ngi thy mt du hiu l l c b H Php thm nhp. Rinpoche t chi yu cu ca h. Nhng dn chng Gyarong ni ting v s kin tr, v khi bui l ca v bo tr ang din ra, mt nh s mang l c vo v ng trc mt Rinpoche gia khong nm mi tu s. Rinpoche, r rng l b bc mnh bi s kin tr ca h, nm vo l c mt nm ht, v ri th cy gio rung lc d di. Ko ngi cm c i v nhiu quanh ngi cha mt ln, l c rt ln gc v i vo phng th ca cc v bo tr. Nm hai mi bn tui, ngi i ti gp Yukhok Chatralwa, ngi c tin l mt hin l ca Vimalamitra, nhn gio l. V Lt ma dy ngi ton b thc hnh Trekch v Thgal ca Dzopa Chenpo, ging nh rt y mt ci bnh t mt bnh khc. Lt ma l mt hc gi v i, nhng ngi ngng ban gio l hay nhng ging dy bn vn cho i chng. Ngi ch truyn ring cc gio hun cho cc t, ph hp vi cn c, nhu cu, v kinh nghim ca mi ngi. Loi ging dy ny c gi l Nyamtri hay Nyongtri, nhng gio hun ty theo kinh nghim tin b ca thin gi. Yukhok Chatralwa c kh nng thu sut tm ca ngi khc. Khi mi ngi n thm ngi, h s tm h xut hin nhng t tng xu. Rinpoche xy dng mt qun th shedra (Hc vin Kinh in) vi mt ngi cha v mt ch cho cc khenpo, bao bc chung quanh l phng cho cc t. Khi ti ang tu hc trong shedra, c hai mi lm hc vin thng xuyn v khong s cc hc vin d thnh. Tt c nhng hc vin thng xuyn c hc bng ca cc qu tu vin do Rinpoche cung cp. Cc kha hc chnh ti shedra l Pramana (lun l), Prajnpramit (Bt nh ba la mt, tr tu siu vit), Madhyamaka (trit hc Trung o), Abhidharma (Trit hc v siu hnh hc Pht gio), v Vinaya (cc gii lut tu s v c s) ca kinh in v Yizhin Dz, Yonten Dz, v Guhyagarbha-tantra ca Mt in. Tuy nhin, cc gio l v cc sdhana ba gc, v v.v.. v gio l Dzopa Chenpo khng c ban mt cch d dng, m trong mt mi trng ho lnh cho nhng hc vin cao cp c tuyn chn. Ma xun nm ngi hai mi lm tui (1951), Rinpoche i ti Tnh Dege nhn nhng trao truyn theo dng truyn tha. T Khyentse Chkyi Lodr (18931959) ca Tu vin Dzongsar, Rinpoche nhn nhng qun nh (dBang) v nhng trao truyn vn bn (Lung) ca Semde Adn Chogye, Longde Dorje Zampa, Mengagde, mi ba phn ca Kama, Dpa Do, Gongpa Zangthal, Trlthik, Longchen Nyingthig, v Sungbum ca Khyentse Wangpo cng nh nhng qun nh Klachakra, Guhyasamja, Chakrasamvara, Hevajra, v Vajrabhairava. T Kongtrl Pema Tri-me Lodr (1901-1959?) ca Tu vin Zhechen, Rinpoche nhn nhng qun nh v trao truyn vn bn ca gio kha Changter (Kho tng phng Bc) ca Rigdzin Gdem, mi ba quyn sch ca gio kha Minling, ba truyn thng chnh

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ca Kagye, v Kagy Ngagdz. T Namtrl Drodl Karkyi Dorje ca Tu vin Gyarong, Rinpoche nhn nhng qun nh v trao truyn vn bn ca Rinchen Terdz, Kagye Deshek Dpa, Lama Gongd, su quyn ca Jatsn, Terch ca Namch, Terch ca Nyima Trakpa, chn quyn ca Jigme Lingpa. Ngi cng nghin cu thi ca v Guhyagarbha-tantra vi Khenpo Thup-nyen ca Tu vin Dzogchen. Khi tr v Rinpoche ban qun nh Khandro Nyingthig cho Khyentse Chkyi Lodr306 v nhiu trao truyn cho cc v Thy ca ngi. Trong s nhng v Thy m t h ngi nhn nhng gio hun uyn o c Khenpo Knchok Drnme, Khenpo Kang-nam, Khenpo Chchok, Tlku Dorchok, v Khenpo Thup-nyen. Ngi nhn nhng trao truyn theo dng truyn tha ca nhng gio l khc nhau ca Dzogchen Rinpoche ng, Gekong Khenpo, Khyentse Chkyi Lodr, Zhechen Kongtul, v Gyarong Namtrl. Ngi nhn nhng gio hun su xa v gio hun i vi s chng ng Dzogpa Chenpo t Apang Tertn v Yukhok Chatralwa. Ngi ban nhng qun nh v lung ca mi ba quyn ca b Lama Gongd, v mi ba bn vn ca Kama cho mt ngn ti hai ngn tu s ti Tu vin Dodrupchen. Mt hm, trong khi ngi ang phn pht nc c gia h t mt ci bnh, nc cn m khng c ai ch i rt y li bnh nc, nh thng c lm. Cu tit, ngi lc ci bnh mt lt v sau tip tc phn pht nc gia h cho nhng ngi cn li ca hi chng, mc d khng ai rt y ci bnh. Vi kh nng bit trc tnh hnh chuyn bin, ngi xy dng mt ngi cha ln, p nhng chc chn, bng gch vi mt mi ngi, m khi y l mt loi kin trc mi Golok v ni rng: N c th ch li nu dn chng phi t b tu vin trong mt vi nm. Rinpoche t lm nhng nhng bn khc g ca Dzdn gm by quyn ca Longchen Rabjam. Chng bao lu hu nh Golok trn ngp nhng bn sao Dzodn. Ngi xy dng mt pho tng ln ca Guru Rinpoche v nhng tng ca cc v Thy ca cc dng truyn tha Vima Nyingthig, Khandro Nyingthig, v Longchen Nyingthig. Nhng pho tng c lm bng ng m vng. Ngi thu thp mt th vin ln, trong ngoi nhiu pho Kinh in v Mt in cn c nhng n bn mi ca Kanjur, Tenjur, Kama, v Rinchen Terdz. Rinpoche cng chun b mt s tng vt cho cc bui l v vic nghin cu cho Dodrupchen v nhng tu vin khc. Theo li khn cu ca nhng ngi sng m ngi ving thm nhng khu vc khc nhau ca Golok, Serta, Amdo, Rekong, Gyarong, v Minyak, ngi ban nhng l nhp mn v nhng gio hun cho hng chc ngn ngi. Trong ma h ca nm Ha Thn (1956), ngi ban qun nh Rinchen Terdz ti Tu vin Dodrupchen. Ngi cng truyn ring nhng gio hun v thin nh i Vin mn cho nhiu ngi hu duyn, theo truyn thng Nyongtri. Chng bao lu, bi nhng nguy him ca s chuyn bin tnh hnh chnh tr Ty Tng, Rinpoche quyt nh ri khi x s thn yu ca ngi. Nhiu thp k trc, Dodrupchen tam kho st nhng gic m ca ngi v nhng nguy him chnh tr trong tng lai. Mt m ngi m thy c ngi mang mt thng ip c vit trn mt vin phin, ni rng: Khyentse Wangpo gi th cho ngi. Trn vin ngi thy nhng dng ch di y:

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Con sng ln s chy t mnh m [c ngha l min ty hay mu ] sang yn bnh [c ngha l min ng hay mu trng]. Hai con cn trng s di chuyn xuyn qua c min trn ln min di. Bi nhp iu ph hp [ca nhng ha m] ca so, X s Lnh lo [Ty Tng] s b chm su trong bng ti. Vo lc , khi nh cao nht [Lt ma] Nghe ni rng ngi nn i v phng bc trong mi, mi, Mi su, v bn, Ngi s tr nn hong s v s i ti X Cao qu [n ]. Trong mt ni d chu, gia mt rng rm, Trong khi an tr trong mt thin nh an bnh, trc mt ngi, Nhiu ngi mc y phc-khng trung307 s t hi [V] s i vo con ng i tha. Con ng tuyt ho su xa v bao la s chi ngi nh nh nng ban ngy.308 Rinpoche b mt t chc mt nhm mi ba ngi ra i, chia h thnh ba nhm nh. Nm ngi chng ti v thy tr gio Kyala Khenpo ca ti, m ca Rinpoche, Thupten Jorgye v Rigdzin Phntsok (hai ngi chu ca Rinpoche), v ti i Lhasa trc, nh ngi khuyn chng ti vo ngy mng mt thng mi hai nm Ha Thn (1957). Lama Sangye, ch ca Rinpoche v Snam, chu ca ngi, c d tnh li pha sau v n nh nhm cui cng. Nhng bn thn Rinpoche, cng vi mt th gi tr ca Rinpoche tn l Jamyang, hai ngi chu ca Rinpoche tn l Dechen Dorje v Knden, v m ca nhng ngi chu, d tnh ra i trong nhm th hai. Trong khi Rinpoche ang thm ving Tu vin Panchen trong Thung lng Mar, cch Tu vin Dodrupchen hai ngy ng theo hng bc, mt m ngi v nhng ngi trong on ca ngi b mt b trn, ci trang lm nhng c s hnh hng. Mang theo rt t tin v eo vt dng c nhn trn lng, h i b mi ngy cho ti khi n th trn Kardze. y l kinh nghim u tin cho Rinpoche v nhng ngi ng hnh ca ngi, khng ch v vic du hnh bng chn m cn v vic mang nhng chic ti trn lng khin h kit sc v au nhc. Trong hu ht cuc hnh trnh, ban ngy h ln trn trong nhng hang ng, trong rng hay nhng ngn i v vt qua nhng ngn ni cao v thung lng su vo ban m. Ti Katdze, h tht may mn bi c th b tng vo mt chic xe vn ti Trung quc i ti Lhasa. Theo d nh lc ban u, nhm chng ti c nhim v ch Rinpoche Drak Yangdzong, ni Guru Rinpoche v nhiu hin gi thin nh trong qu kh, v cch Lhasa hai ngy ng theo hng nam. Nhng Rinpoche i lu hn l chng ti ngh, v vo ngy mng hai thng hai nm Ha Du (1957), Kyala Khenpo mt do tui gi v s gian kh ca chuyn i. Lo rng Rinpoche v on ca ngi khng th trn thot, chng ti bt u quay li Lhasa, v tht may mn, chng ti ngu nhin gp Rinpoche v nhng ngi ng hnh ca ngi gia ng, v tt c chng ti cng tin v Lhasa.

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 Lhasa, Rinpoche c nhiu ngi sng m qu phi v bnh thng lu nm, nhng ngi quyt nh khng tip xc vi bt k ai trong s . Tuy nhin, ngi gp Zhechen Kongtrl Rinpoche (1901-1959?), mt trong nhng v Thy ca ngi, v Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche (1910-1991). Kongtrl Rinpoche khuyn ngi i Kongpo bi l mt ni d chu v thun li hn Lhasa. Rinpoche p li bng s im lng. Chnh bi bn tnh ca Rinpoche m ngi hu nh khng ni trc nhng d tnh ca ngi, tr phi cn thit. V th khi chng ti i Golok, chng ti ngh l mnh ang i Lhasa. Nhng sau khi thc hin nhng l cng dng n gin cho cc thnh a Lhasa, ngi ni: Chng ta i Zhigatse, mt th trn min Ty Ty Tng. Sau khi tri qua vi ngy Zhigatse, ngi ni: By gi chng ta i n . Nhng ti bin gii, bi chng ti khng c tin khng nh mnh l cc thng nhn, chng ti khng th xin mt giy thng hnh ca nh cm quyn i n . Cho d chng ti c th trnh nhng ngi lnh canh phng bin gii, n s khng cho chng ti vo bi vo thi gian khng c s tha nhn tnh trng t nn cho ngi Ty Tng. Sau khi ch i nhiu thng, Rinpoche nhn mt l th t Hong t Palden Thndrup Namgyal (ngi v sau tr thnh Chgyal) ca Sikkim, ch th nhng ngi canh gi bin gii cho ngi vo Sikkim, mt bang bin gii n v Ty Tng, sau ny thuc v n . Nm ba mi mt tui, vo ngy mi chn thng tm nm Ha Du (12 thng Mi, 1957). Rinpoche ti Gangtok, th ph ca Sikkim. Mt ln na, ngi c t im bng nhng chic y ca mt Lt ma vi s xc nhn l Dodrupchen. T khi tr i, ngi coi Sikkim, x s c Guru Rinpoche gia h l mt trong nhng x s n du,309 l tr x thng trc ca ngi. Vic ngi n Sikkim khng ch l mt vic tnh c, m l mt s mnh phi c hon thnh. Apang Tertn Ogyen Thrinle Lingpa (mt nm 1945), mt trong nhng v Thy ca Rinpoche, tin tri iu ny nhiu thp nin trc v ni rng: Mt yog n du t thung lng Kongpo310 S n Thung lng Go [Sikkim] khi nhng bin chuyn xy ra. V mt ha thn ca [Thi t] Murum Tsepo v Sangye Lingpa311 S hin l nhng hot ng b mt ca mt yog Mt tha. Nhng ngi nhn thy, nghe, ngh tng v ngi, hay tip xc vi ngi s c gii thot khi nhng ci thp.312 Nm 1958, ti Sikkim v Darjeeling, Rinpoche c hnh mt s bui l ti Sikkim v Darjeeling cho v Thy Khyentse Chkyi Lodr ca ngi ang b bnh. Trong bui l phng tng cc dkin, Khyentse Rinpoche c mt linh kin313 v cc Lt ma trong c Jigme Lingpa trong mt khng gian bao la trong tro. Trong s cc ngi cng c mt Lt ma v danh vi khun mt trn v ru cm ngn, c mi tc di ph quanh u. Nm ba mi ba tui, vo ma ng nm 1959, Rinpoche i hnh hng nhng thnh a chnh yu n v Nepal. Nm 1959 v 1960 l hai nm kh khn nht, khng phi ch v ngi l mt ngi t nn trong mt t nc c nn vn ha v ngn ng d bit, m cng bi Khyentse Chkyi Lodr nht, mt trong nhng v Thy gc ca Rinpoche, th tch Sikkim vo ma xun nm 1959, v sau

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Trlzhik Pawo Dorje ca Minyak, mt Lt ma kh hnh khc v l bn thn ca Rinpoche qua i Sikkim nm 1960. nh mnh ca ton th x Ty Tng v ca nhng ngi Ty Tng b kt li trong qu hng ang bc chy ca h khng c bit ti. Rinpoche vit: Ton th th gii ang chuyn bin trc mt chng ta nh mt tr o thut. Nhng hin hu khng ng tin cy nh bong bng nc. Nhng tu vin, ngi thn yu, v h hng thn thch Tt c ch cn l k c. Mc d ta khng th nhn thy h, nh mnh ca h tht hin nhin. Ngh ti iu , ta au bun. Ta s ht sc n lc trong vic tm kim tinh ty ca Gio Php. Nhng bc Thy linh thnh v bn b tt lnh Va mi hin din y nhng, ging nh s t hi trong mt phin ch, bin mt, v ta thy mnh tr tri, b b li. Ngh ti iu ny, ta au bun.. t nhng khi nim hnh phc v au bun trong Php gii rng rang, v Tung ln khng trung nhng vic vn vt ca th gian nh long no, Ta gh cht con ng nhanh chng linh thnh v song, L tm yu ca cc dka v dkin, v Huyt mch trng yu ca Php thn, l ci khng c im quy chiu hay nn tng. Namgyal Institute of Tibetology - Vin Namgyal v khoa Ty Tng hc (sau ny c t li tn l Sikkim Research Institute of Tibetology - Vin Nghin cu Sikkim v khoa Ty Tng hc), mt hc vin nghin cu v Ty Tng, c m ca gn Gangtok do nhng n lc chung ca chnh ph n v Sikkim. T thng T nm 1960, Rinpoche gi chc v i din phi Nyingma ti hc vin ny. Ngi lp gia nh vi v phi ngu Khandro Pema Dechen thuc gia nh Dekyi Khangsar x Drukla trong Thung lng Kongpo. T nm mi su tui, Khandro thin nh nhiu nm trong cc hang ng v tp lu ti nhiu n tht v ni non linh thing, thng vi rt t cht b dng. B tc cho nhiu thc hnh khc, b tch tp mi ba b thc hnh ngndro mi b gm nm trm ngn cc thc hnh chun b. Bi cc hot ng ca ch v B Tt lun lun m rng v mang li li lc cho chng sinh v Gio Php, khng suy ngh v nhng gii hn v kh khn ca cuc sng ca ring ngi nh mt ngi t nn mi, Rinpoche vn s dng mi s ngi c th sp xp h tr cho nhng n thuc v Php. Ngi t lm nhng bn khc km in li Longchen Dzdn, gm by quyn, ca Longchen Rabjam. Sau nhiu nm vic in n hon tt vi s phng s tn ty ca Lama Sangye, mt trong nhng th gi tn tm ca Rinpoche, mc d sc khe km v ci nng ma h ln ti 100 Fahrenheit Vrnas. Rinpoche cng t nhng bn khc g c chm khc in nhiu bn vn nghi l ca Longchen Nyingthig. Kt qu l nhng bn vn ny, l nhng g c coi l rt him c hi ngoi, c th tm

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thy d dng, v iu gip cho nhng gio l c truyn b trong c ng v Ty bn cu. T gia thp nin 1960 vic in n cc bn vn Ty Tng d dng v thm ch thun li, nhng vo nhng nm u ca thp nin 1960, vic in n gp nhng kh khn v ph tn to ln m khng c gi tr thng mi. Sau khi Dzdn c in ra, ngi hin tng nhng bn khc cho v vua Bhutan qu c, bi quc gia ny tng l mt trong nhng tr x ca ngi Longchen Rabjam, v cho ti nay c mt s lng ng k ngi Bhutan theo truyn thng Nyingthig. Ngi hy vng rng s c thm nhng n bn c in ra t cc bn khc di s bo tr ca chnh ph hong gia Bhutan. T ln xut bn u tin ca Dzdn, ngi xut bn nhiu bn vn na, trong c mt n bn th hai ca Dzdn gm by cun, Ngalso Korsum ba cun, Sungbum ca Jigme Lingpa chn cun, Sungbum ca Dodrupchen Tam nm cun, nhiu bi cu nguyn v cc bn vn l mt phn gio trnh ca Chten Gompa. Nm 1972, Rinpoche xc nhn Jigme Losal Wangpo, Dzogchen Rinpoche tht, (sinh nm 1964) l Dzogchen Rinpoche ng Lt ma xc nhn bn thn Rinpoche. L tn phong ca Dzogchen Rinpoche tht c t chc ti ngi cha ca hong gia ti Gangtok ngy 8 thng Mi, 1972, v Rinpoche hnh l . Nm bn mi by tui, vo ma h nm 1973, Rinpoche ving thm b bin min Ty v ng Hoa K. Ngi ban gio l v thit lp mt Trung tm Gio Php tn l Mahasiddha Nyingma Center (Trung tm i thnh tu gi Nyingma) Massachusetts. Vi nm sau, trung tm xy dng mt ngi cha vi mt bo thp v vi phng thin nh trn mt mnh t nh South Hawley min ty Massachusetts. Trung tm ny vn cn nh v n s. Rinpoche lun lun khuyn cc thnh vin: Chng ta nn ht sc trnh s dng Gio Php hay trung tm Gio Php c c nhng quyn lc tm thng, nhng tham vng y xc cm, hay nhng danh hiu v dng. Mc ch ca chng ta l khng phi l lm cho trung tm tr thnh mt t chc ni ting, m lm cho n tr thnh mt tr x n s, an bnh v t nhin. Ch khi trung tm mi c th tr thnh mt ngun mch mang li li ch chn thc cho tm thc ca mi ngi, bt k ai c lin kt vi n. T nm 1973, hai nm mt ln, Rinpoche ving thm Mahasiddha Center (Trung tm i Thnh tu gi) v Buddhayana Hoa K dy Php, v ngi truyn nhiu gio l, trong c Nyingthig Yabzhi, Longchen Nyingthig, v nhng gio l ngndro, Rigdzin Dpa, Yumka, v Dzopa Chenpo. Ngi cng ving thm mt s nc u chu v Nam nhiu ln truyn dy v ban nhng qun nh. Theo nh ti bit, Rinpoche trao truyn qun nh, vn bn, v cc gio l chnh yu Longchen Nyingthig by ln, qun nh v lung ca Ninghthig Yabzhi mi hai ln, qun nh v lung ca Nyingma Kama ba ln, qun nh Lama Gongd hai ln, qun nh su quyn sch ca Jatsn ba ln, v qun nh Rinchen Terzd ba ln. Ngi cng ban nhng trao truyn vn bn ca Dzodn v nhng tc phm ca Dodrupchen Rinpoche tam nhiu ln. Rinpoche l mt trong nhng o s v i ca thin nh Dzopa Chenpo, v ngi ging dy n cho nhiu t trong truyn thng Nyongtri, gio l ph hp vi kinh nghim ca c nhn cc thin gi. Truyn thng Nyongtri n vi ngi ch yu

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t v Thy Yukhok Chatralwa ca ngi, nhng lc ban u n xut pht t Longchen Rabjam v Jigme Lingpa qua dng truyn tha ca Dodrupchen nht, Paltrl Rinpoche, v Dodrupchen tam. T nm 1960, Rinpoche thng sng Chten Gompa gn Gangtok ti Sikkim. Vo ngy 31 thng Nm, 1979, Rinpoche m mt drupdra, mt trng thin nh, ti Chten Gompa, v t tn cho n l Drubde Pema ling. Cc tu s lun phin thc hin vic tu tp thin nh ba nm ba thng trong nhng n tht nghim nht. Chng bao lu ngi bt u thu nhn nhiu hc vin thng tr ti Chten Gompa. Hin nay ngi c khong nm trm tu s v sa di thng tr ti gompa. Hu ht h l nhng thanh thiu nin t Bhutan, Sikkim, v Nepal, hay con trai ca nhng di dn Ty Tng. Mt mnh Rinpoche trng nom vic n ung, ni n , vic gio dc, v chm sc y t cho h. Nhiu hc vin hon tt s gio dc ca h v c gi tr v qu hng ca h truyn b Gio Php. Trong nhiu nm, Rinpoche thng xuyn thm ving Bhutan phng s Gio Php v nhng mn nhiu ni, trong c Yongla Gon. Dng Nyingthig c mt mi lin h lu i vi Bhutan, bi Longchen Rabjam sng v truyn b Gio Php trong mt thi gian di. Longchen Rabjam xy dng Tu vin Tharpa Ling min ng Bhutan. Cng vi Kyipa, v phi ngu ngi Bhutan, ngi c con trai l Tlku Trakpa zer. Ngoi ra, mt trong nhng t chnh ca Jigme Lingpa l Jigme Kntrl x Bhutan, ngi xy Tu vin Yongla Gon min ng Bhutan. Bt u t nm 1984, Rinpoche nhiu ln ving thm Golok, thung lng qu hng ca ngi, v ban nhng qun nh Longchen Nyingthig, Nyingthig Yabzhi, v nhiu s trao truyn v gio l khc ti Tu vin Dodrupchen c xy dng li. Ngi cng m li hc vin Kinh in ti Tu vin Dodrupchen. Ma h nm 1994, trong chuyn tr v Tu vin Dodrupchen ln th su, ngi ban nhng qun nh Rinchen Terdz. Dn chng ch c thng bo trong vi tun v cc trao truyn Rinchen Terdz, nhng trn by ngn tng v ni, trong c khong ba trm tlku v cc khenpo, t Golok, Serta, Amdo, Gyarong, Minyak, v nhng vng khc t hp nhn s trao truyn. Rinpoche lun lun tham gia vo nhng hot ng trm lng c th l n gin trong bn cht hay c ngha ln lao. Ngi lun lun dng hin i mnh cho mt chu k phng s v tn. Mc ch mi n lc ca ngi l phng s ngi khc, gy mt tc ng, lm cho Php c th chp nhn c, m khng c bt k hy vng ring t hay quan tm ti ting tm hay s vinh quang no. Ngi nhc li: Ti ang lm mi s trong kh nng ca mnh phng s Gio Php v chng sinh. Ti xin li nu c ngi no trng ch ti lm nhng iu v nhng s vn vt hay m hoc, nhng ti khng quan tm ti iu . Tuy nhin ngi lun lun nhn thc v nhu cu v nhng quan tm ca ngi khc m khng ti a v cao hay thp ca h, v ngi h tr h bng lng tt ph hp vi nhu cu v c nguyn ca h v khng bn tm ti nhng li lc ca ring ngi. Ngi khng b phn khch bi nhng thun cnh m cng khng tht vng bi nghch cnh, bi ngi chp nhn tt c vi s thanh thn, ngi ni: Cuc i ngn ngi v qu bu n ni khng th lng ph trong vic lo ngh v nhng chuyn tm pho. Ngi thn trng khng can thip vo mi u mi ca s bt ha, tranh ci, v nhng vn chnh tr th tc hay tn gio bo v s nguyn vn v thun

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khit ca truyn thng Gio Php. Mc d c nhiu c hi lm th, ngi khng bao gi hnh ng ci thin a v ca ring ngi m ch lm vic cho s li lc ca mi ngi v phng s Gio Php. Ngi duy tr s lim chnh trong vic khng tha mn nhng hy vng v c mun ca ngi khc khi chng khng thc s mang li li ch cho h, m lun lun cho h nhng g h cn, cho d khng phi l iu h ngh l h cn trong lc ny. Ngi s nht l nhng ngi xu nnh. Ngi ni: Ti cm thy v cng xu h trc nhng ngi n vi ti v ni nhng iu p nht trong khi suy ngh nhng iu tri ngc. Ngi l ngi khoan dung nht, khng bao gi ch trch ngi khc v nhng c hnh hay s v n ca h. Ngi ni: Mi s xy ra do nghip. Ta hay h c th lm c iu g khc ngoi tr c gng ci thin nghip? Ngi rt thn trng trong tng giai on ca cng vic nhng sau bung b mi s thnh cng hay tht bi ca nhng n ca ngi. Phm tnh gy n tng su sc nht ca Rinpoche l: iu quan trng khng nm ch trng ngi ra sao, ngi ni nhng g, hay thm ch ngi lm iu g, m iu quan trng l ngi l g. Ngi l mt ngi mnh m v ng tin cy m s hin din th v cng n gin, su xa nht v tht v hn. Tuy th ngi khng mun bt k ai tr nn dnh mc hay l thuc vo ngi. V ngi khng p t uy quyn ca ngi ln nhng ngi khc, bi ngi rt bnh thng v khim tn mt s ph din t nhin ca chn tnh. Trong hai Dodrupchen Rinpoche t, Thupten Thrinle Palzang Rinpoche khng bao gi ni v nhng nguy him sp ti. Nhng ngi bit r v thnh lnh ra i v o thot ti n . Ngi dng hin i mnh khng ch bo tn truyn thng m cn truyn b truyn thng siu vit nht ca Longchen Nyingthig ti n v ngoi quc. T khong nm 1950, Rigdzin Tenpe Gyaltsen Rinpoche lun lun cnh bo chng ti: S ti ngy chng ta khng c quyn c ngay c mt tch tr thng thc. Nu cc ng c th, hy dng hin i mnh cho vic tu tp Gio Php, v s dng ca ci ca mnh cho mt nguyn nhn xng ng. t nht hy vui hng cuc i v ca ci ca cc ng khi cc ng c s t do. Ngi cng thng k cho chng ti v nhng con ng o thot xuyn qua x-khngngi min bc, nhng bn thn ngi th khng bao gi mun ra i. S phn ca ngi l vo t v cht vi nhng ngi ang sng trong cnh au kh khng khip. C hai v Rinpoche u bit r hon cnh v c s chn la ca ring mnh; nhng mc ch bo tn v gip ngi khc ca hai ngi th nh nhau, nhng vai tr m cc ngi phi ph din th khc bit.

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Cy Truyn tha
Dng truyn tha Nyingthig xut pht t c Pht nguyn thy v xung ti Jigme Lingpa (1730-1798), nh sng lp ca truyn thng, qua dng truyn tha sau y: 1. Samantabhadra (Ph Hin), Php thn. 2. Vajrasattva (Kim Cng Tt a), Bo thn. 3. Prahevajra (Garab Dorje), Ha Thn, o s i Vin mn u tin trong loi ngi. 4. Manjushrmitra. 5. Shrsimha. 6. Jnnastra. 7. Vimalamitra nhn nhng trao truyn Nyingthig t Shrsimha v Jnnastra. 8. Guru Rinpoche, Padmasambhava (Lin Hoa Sanh), nhn nhng trao truyn Nyingthig t Shrsimha v Manjushrmitra v ct du gio l Longchen Nyingthig, tinh ty ca gio l Nyingthig, nh terma. Vua Trisong Detsen (790-858), mt trong nhng ha thn i trc ca Jigme Lingpa, nhn gio l Nyingthig t Vimalamitra v gio l Longchen Nyingthig t Guru Rinpoche. 9. Knkyen Longchen Rabjam (1308-1363) nhn nhng trao truyn Nyingthig t Guru Rinpoche khi ngi l cng cha Pemasal. Ngi cng nhn nhng trao truyn Nyingthig t Rigdzin Kumrdza v Sh Gyalse. 10. Rigdzin Jigme Lingpa (1730-1798) khm ph Longchen Nyingthig nh mt terma tm v truyn b gio l ny cho cc t ca ngi. V th ngi tr thnh nh sng lp ca dng Longchen Nyingthig. Jigme Lingpa l ha thn ca nh vua nhn nhng trao truyn Nyingthig t Guru Rinpoche v Vimalamitra. Jigme Lingpa cng l mt ha thn ca Vimalamitra v nhn s trao truyn t Longchen Rabjam trong linh kin thanh tnh. Sau Jigme Lingpa, dng Longchen Nyingthig c truyn b qua nhng nhnh khc nhau ca cc dng truyn tha. Di y l mt bng lit k nhng o s chnh yu ca nhng giai on khc nhau ca dng Longchen Nyingthig vi tn ca cc t chnh, nhng v ny cng l cc hnh gi v/hay nhng v h tr ca dng Longchen Nyingthig, t chnh Jigme Lingpa cho ti cc v Thy hin ti. Ti nhiu v tr trong dng truyn tha, qu v s nhn ra rng mt o s l Thy ca ngi no ng thi li l t ca ngi ny. l bi mt o s c th nhn mt trao truyn hay gia h him c t nhng sui ngun khc nhau, k c t chnh t ca mnh. Cc o s cng c th trao i gio l nhn nhng trao truyn qua nhng dng truyn tha khc nhau. Ngoi ra, tu tp cc gio l, cc o s c th nhn mt s trao truyn nhiu ln t cng nhng o s y hay

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t nhng v khc. Vic nhn i nhn li nhng trao truyn khng ch l s khi u ca mt tu tp m cng chnh l s thc hnh. GIAI ON U TIN Rigdzin Jigme Lingpa (cng c gi l Khyentse zer, Khyentse Lha, v Pema Wangchen, 1730-1798), ngi pht hin cc gio l Longchen Nyingthig nh mt terma tm. Trong s cc t chnh ca ngi c:314 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Thekchen Lingpa Drotn Tharchin (1700-1776)*315 Trati Ngachang Thrinle Dorje (Kong-nyn, Bepe Naljor) Thangdrokpa Pema Rigdzin Wangpo* Chakzampa Tendzin Yeshe Lhundrup Tht Chuwori* Dodrupchen Nht Jigme Thrinle zer (1745-1821) Chje Trakphukpa Lat* Lopn Jigme Kntrl Bhutan Gyalyum Dlkar316 ca Dewa Push, phi ngu ca Jigme Lingpa 9. Thukse Lhotrak* 10. Sungtrl Lhotrak* 11. Potong Rigdzin Thrinle Lhndrup Ng Jortse*317 12. Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku (1765-1843) Dzachukha 13. Jigme Ngotsar (Getse Lama, Snam Tendzin) Dzachukha 14. Ratn Ngawang Tendzin Dorje*318 15. Jetsn Jnnatrdpam (Yeshe Chdron) 16. Lhading Jetsun Gyang-ru, Tsang 17. Longchen Rolpa Tsal (Tendzin Sherap, 1768-1817)* Naksh 18. Ngawang Palden Chkyong,* Trichen ca Sakya 19. Ngawang Kn-ga Phende,* anh ca Sakya Trichen 20. Gomchen, Ngawang Chtrak 21. Getse Gyurme Tsewang Choktrup (1764-?)* Tu vin Kathok319 22. Phntsok Palbar* v Tashi Tsering Palbar* Depa Lha Gyatri320 23. Depa Push 24. Vua Dega Zangpo* (1768-1790) Dege 25. Hong hu Tsewang Lhamo Dege 26. Drikung Chetsang Tendzin Pema Gyaltsen (1770-1826),* con trai ca Trati Ngakchang321 27. Rabjam Rigdzin Paljor Tam (1770-1809)* Tu vin Zhechen 28. Nyima Takpa Jigme Tenpede Tam (1772-1817)* 29. Tsele Gtsang Tlku Jigme Tenpe Gyaltsen* Kongpo 30. Gntse Tlku* Mn Tsona 31. zer Thaye, chu ca Jigme Lingpa 32. Rigdzin Chenpo* Tu vin Dorje Trak

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33. Chakzampa Khyenrap Thutop Bt Chuwori* 34. Tsogyal Tlku* Palri 35. Drikung Chungsang Gyalse Nyinche zer (Chkyi Gyatsen, 1793-?),* con trai ca Jigme Lingpa GIAI ON TH HAI 1. Dodrupchen Jigme Thrinle zer (Changchup Dorje, Knzang Zhenphen, Snam Chden, v Drubwang Dzogchenpa,322 1745-1821), v h tr Gio l chnh yu (rTsa Bai Chos bDag) ca Longchen Nyingthig. Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. Dola Jigme Kalzang (Kyewu Yeshe Dorje) 2. Arik Geshe Champa Gelek Gyaltsen (1727-1803)* Ragya 3. Ponlop Pema Sangak Tendzin Nh (1731-1805)* Tu vin Dzogchen 4. Namtul Namkha Tsewang Choktrup Nht323 (Jigme Miky Dorje, 1744-?)* Gyarong Gon 5. Dzogchen Ngeton Tendzin Zangpo Tam324 (1759-1792)* 6. Chgyal Ngawang Dargye (1759-1807),* mt v vua Mng C trong min Thanh H 325 7. Sokpo Ngawang Tentar (Tentar Lharampa 1759-?),* mt hc gi phi Geluk x Alaksha, Mng C 8. Gyaltsap Pema Sang-ngak Tendzin Nht (1760-?) Tu vin Zhechen326 9. Getse Gyurme Tsewang Choktrup (1764-?)* Tu vin Kathok 10. Situ Chkyi Lodr Nht* Tu vin Kathok327 11. Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku (1765-1843) Tu vin Dzachukha 12. Palchen Namkha Jigme (1769-1833) Changlung ( sng lp Khyunglung Gonpa Rekong, ni c lc c ti 1.900 tantrika) 13. Rabjam Rigdzin Paljor Tam (1770-1809)* Tu vin Zhechen328 14. Namke Nyingpo Lhotrak 15. Chying Topden Dorje (1786-1848) ca Tu vin Rekong, ngi sng lp Tu vin Gde (Kohudeh) 16. Khyunglung Repa Tamtsik Dorje Dzomoi Ne x Golok 17. Nhip chnh-Hong hu Gajeza, Tsewang Lhamo x Dege 18. Vua Tsewang Dorje Rigdzin (1786-1847)*x Dege 19. Chakla Khenchen Gyalse Pema Thekchok (?-1849)* 20. Vua Tsewang Lhundrup (?-1825)* Tsakho 21. Dzogchen Mingyur Namkhe Dorje T (1793-?) 22. Do Khyentse Yeshe Dorje (1800-1866) 23. Dkin Losal Dlma (1802-1861), ch ca Do Khyentse 24. Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye (1800-?) Tu vin Dzogchen

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25. Pnlop Namkha Chkyi Gyatso Tam (1806-1821) Tu vin Dzogchen 26. Thukchok Dorje Tu vin Kyilung, Golok 27. Tertn Dechen Dorje Rekong 28. Drubwang Jigme Namkha Gyaltsen (sng lp tu vin Gn Lakha ca Rekong, c lc c ti 1.900 tantrika) 29. Drubwang Thatral Dorje (cng gi l Gn Lakha) Rekong, o s ca Pema Gyatso, o s gc ca Shuksep Jetsun 30. Pema Thutop Dorje Rekong 31. Alak Pema Rangtrl 32. Ngadak Yeshe Gyatso329 2. Dza Trama Lama, Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku (1765-1843), mt trong nhng o s Longchen Nyingthig v i nht. Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Dzogchen Migyur Namkhe Dorje T (1793-?) Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye (1800-?) Paltrl Ogyen Jigme Chkyi Wangpo (1808-1887) Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892) Khamtrl Chkyi Nyima thuc dng Drukpa Kagy Dodrupchen Nh Jigme Phntsok Jungne (1824-1863/4) Mura Tlku Pema Dechen Zangpo Tu vin Dzachukha Khenchen Pema Dorje Tu vin Dzogchen GIAI ON TH BA 1. Dola Jigme Kalzang (Kyewu Yeshe Dorje v Chkyi Lodr). Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Dza Trama Lama Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku (1765-1843) Dzogchen Mingyur Namkhe Dorje T (1793-?) Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye (1800-?) Tu vin Dzogchen Paltrl Ogyen Jigme Chkyi Wangpo (1808-1887) Sokpo Chun Wang Tashi Jung-ne (?-1841),* con trai ca Vua Ngawang Dargye

2. Dzogchen Mingyur Namkhe Dorje T (1793-?). Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku (1765-1843) Do Khyentse Yeshe Dorje (1800-1866) Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye (1800-?) Tu vin Dzogchen Paltrl Ogyen Jigme Chkyi Wangpo (1808-1887) Khenchen Sengtruk Pema Tashi Tu vin Dzogchen Khenchen Pema Dorje Tu vin Dzogchen Nyakla Pema Ddl (1816-1872), ngi c thn cu vng

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8. Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892) 9. Nyoshul Lama Lungtok Tenpe Nyima (1829-1901) 10. Adzom Drukpa Drodl Pawo Dorje (1842-1934) 11. Kunzang Dechen Dorje, tlku ca Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku 12. Dodrupchen Tam Jigme Tenpe Nyima (1865-1926) 13. Do Rinpoche Tri-me Trakpa Nht, mt tlku ca Sherap Mebar (con trai ca Do Khyentse)330 3. Do Khyentse Yeshe Dorje (1800-1866), tlku v tm331 ca Jigme Lingpa. Trong s cc t ca ngi c: Dkin Losal Dlma (1802-1861), ch ca Do Khyentse Paltrl Ogyen Jigme Chkyi Wangpo (1808-1887) Khenchen Pema Dorje Tu vin Dzogchen Nyakla Pema Ddl (1816-1872) Vua Tsewang Lhndrup Phntsok Dzong, Gyarong Vua Namkha Lhndrup Trokyab, Gyarong Dorje Palzang Alo, Trokyab Dodrupchen Nh Jigme Phntsok Jung-ne (1824-1863/4) Sherap Mebar (1829-1842), con trai ca Do Khyentse v mt tlku ca Dodrupchen 10. Dechen Rikpe Raltri (1830-1874), con trai ca Do Khyentse 11. Do Rinpoche Tri-me Trakpa Nht, tlku ca Sherap Mebar 12. Jinpa Zangpo, o s ca Snam Namgyal (1874-1953) ca Yilhung, ngi c thn cu vng 4. Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye (Rikpe Dorje, 1800-?) Tu vin Dzogchen. Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Dzogchen Rinpoche Minguyr Namkhe Dorje T (1793-?) Paltrl Ogyen Jigme Chkyi Wangpo (1808-1887) Khenpo Pema Dorje Tu vin Dzogchen Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892) Lingtrl Thupten Gyaltsen Tu vin Dzogchen 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

5. Paltrl Rinpoche Ogyen Jigme Chkyi Wangpo (1808-1887), tlku v ng ca Jigme Lingpa. Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. Khenpo Pema Dorje Tu vin Dzogchen 2. Nyoshl Lama Lungtok Tenpe Nyima (?-1902?) 3. Gemang npo Tendzin Norbu (Tenli/Ten-ga) Tu vin Dzachukha 4. Situ Chkyi Lodr* Nht Tu vin Kathok 5. Alak Do-ngak Gyatso (Gyawa Do-ngak) 6. Adzom Drukpa Drodl Dorje (1842-1934) 7. Thupten Gelek Gyatso (1844-1904) ca Bamda, Dzika

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8. Ju Mipham Namgyal (1846-1912)* 9. Knzang Dechen Dorje, tlku ca Gyalwe Nyuku 10. Khenpo Knchok zer Tu vin Dzogchen 11. Khenpo Knzang Snam (Kns) ca Minyak 12. Do Rinpoche Tri-me Trakpa Nht, tlku ca Sherap Mebar 13. Tertn Lerap Lingpa (Sgyal, 1856-1926)* Nyakrong 14. Dodrupchen Tam Jigme Tenpe Nyima (1865-1926) 15. Lushl Khenpo Knchok Drnme (1859-1936) Tu vin Dodrupchen 16. Dzogchen Thupten Chkyi Dorje Ng (1872-1935) 17. Khenpo Knzang Palden (1872-1943) Gekong, Dzachukha 6. Khenpo Pema Dorje (Pema Dorje v Pema Tamch zer) Tu vin Dzogchen. Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892) Dechen Rikpe Raltri, con trai ca Do Khyentse Ju Mipham Namgyal (1846-1912)* Dodrupchen Tam Jigme Tenpe Nyima (1856-1926) Gyaltsap Gyurme Pema Namgyal Tam (1871-1926)* Tu vin Zhechen 6. Dzogchen Thupten Chkyi Dorje Ng (1872-1935)

7. Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892), tlku v thn ca Jigme Lingpa. Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Tertn Chogyur Lingpa (1829-1870)* Nangchen Adzom Drukpa Drodl Rawo Dorje (1842-1924) Ju Mipham Namgyal (1846-1912)* Tertn Lerap Lingpa (Sgyal, 1856-1926)* Nyakrong Jetrung Champa Jungne (1856-1922)* Kham Riwoche332 Tertn Rang-rik Dorje* Nyak-rong Dodrupchen Tam Jigme Tenpe Nyima (1865-1926) Amye Khenpo Tamch zer Tu vin Dodrupchen Gyaltsap Gyurme Pema Namgyal Tam (1871-1926)* Zhechen 10. Dzogchen Thupten Chkyi Dorje Ng (1872-1935) 11. Khenpo Knzang Palden (1872-1943) Gekong 12. Situ Chkyi Gyatso Nh (1880-1925)* Tu vin Kathok 13. Khenpo Lhagyal (Abu Lhagong, ?-1953) Tu vin Dzogchen 14. Gyurme Ngeton Wangpo* Dza Phukhung333 GIAI ON TH T 1. Gemang npo Tendzin Norbu (Tanli/Tenga) ca Gemang, chu ca Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye (1800-?). Trong s cc t ca ngi c:

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1. Khenpo Ynten Gyatso (Yon-ga) Gemang, chu ca Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye 2. Khenpo Knchok Drnme (Knme, 1859-1936) Tu vin Dodrupchen 3. Gyakong Khenpo Zhenphen Chkyi Nangwa (1871-1927) Tu vin Dzogchen 4. Khenpo Kunzang Palden (Knpal, 1872-1943) Gekong 5. Khenpo Lhagyal (Abu Lhagong, ?-1953?) Tu vin Dzogchen 6. Bathul Khenpo, Thupten Chtrak (Thupga) n tht Changma, Dzachukha 2. Nyoshl Lama Lungtok Tenpe Nyima (1829-1901). Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Ju Mipham Namgyal (1846-1912)* Tharse Pnlop Loter Wangpo (1847-1914)* Tu vin Ngor Tertn Rang-rik Dorje* Nyak-rong Tertn Lerap Lingpa (Sgyal, 1856-1926)* Nyakrong Tertn Thutop Lingpa Khenpo Ngawang Palzang (Ngachung, 1879-1941) Tu vin Kathok 7. Khenpo Gyaltsen zer

3. Adzom Drukpa Drodl Pawo Dorje (Natsok Rangtrl, 1842-1924). Trong s cc t ca ngi c: Togden Shkyashr (1853-1919) Tertn Lerap Lingpa (Sgyal, 1856-1926)* Nyakrong Dzogchen Rinpoche Thupten Chkyi Dorje Ng (1872-1935) Khenpo Kunzang Palden (Knpal, 1872-1943) Gekong Yukhok Chatralwa Chying Rangtrl (1872-1951/2) Khenpo Ngawang Palzang (1879-1941) Tu vin Kathok Situ Chkyi Gyatso Nh (1880-1925)* Tu vin Kathok Zenkar Pema Ngdrup Rlwe Dorje Nht (1881-1943) Pema Norbu Knzang Tendzin Nh (1887-1932) Tu vin Palyl 10. Do Rinpoche Zilnn Gyepa Dorje Nh (1890-1939) 11. Paltrl Kunzang Zhenphen zer Ts, Amdo334 12. Nyakla Changchup Dorje (?-1978)335 13. Khyentse Chkyi Lodr (1893-1959) Tu vin Dzongsar 14. Gyalse Gyurme Dorje (1895?-1959?), con trai ca Adzom Drukpa 15. Dilgo Khyentse Tashi Paljor (1910-1991) Tu vin Zhechen 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

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4. Kham-nyn Dharma Senge (Ra-gang Chpa, Snam Phntsok, ?-1890). Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. Pema Gyatso (Chi-me Dorje) Amdo336 2. Shuksep Jetsn Lochen Chnyi Zangmo (1865-1953) 3. Trakkar Tlku Lobzang Palden Tenzin Nyentrak (1866-1928)*337 Kamzde, mt tu vin ca phi Geluk Trehor, Kham GIAI ON TH NM 1. Garwa Khenpo Jigme sal (?-1926) ca Tu vin Dodrupchen. Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. Cha Lama Tingdzin Zangpo* Wangda, Golok 2. Chkor Khenpo Kn-ga Lodr (Kangnam, ?-1957) Tu vin Dodrupchen 3. Dong-nge Khenpo Gyurme Thrinle (Jigkom, ?-1959)* Tu vin Tarthang 4. Shortwak Khenpo Sherap Trakpa (?-1959) Tu vin Dodrupchen 5. Yakgo npo Samdrup Dorje* Mar Dhida Gn 6. Garwa Lama Nortra Thung lng Dzika 7. Garwa Tlku Dorchok ca Tu vin Dodrupchen 2. Amye Khenpo, Tamch zer (Champa zer) ca Tu vin Dodrupchen. Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. Shukchung Tlku Tsltrim Zangpo (1884-?)* Thung lng Do338 2. Washl Khenpo Tamlo ca Tungkar Gn, Thung lng Ser 3. Lushl Khenpo Knchok Drnme (Knme1859-1936) Tu vin Dodrupchen. Trong s cc t ca ngi c: Detso Khenpo Snam Palden* Tu vin Tarthang339 Tri Kalden* ca Kharda Gon, Ngawa Yakza Khandro Zangmo Shukchung Kyangtrl, Tndrup Dorje (1892-1959) Wangda Lodsang Lungtok Gyatso (Drachen, ?-1959) Lauthang, Minyak 6. Pushl Snam Trakpa Wangrl 7. Kyala Kenpo Chechok Thndrup (1893-1957) Tu vin Dodrupchen 8. Choktrl Thupten Chkyi Dawa (1894-1959)* Tu vin Tarthang340 9. Yakshl Khenpo Lodr Tu vin Dodrupchen 10. Akong Khenpo Lobzang Dorje* Tu vin Tarthang 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

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11. Shatsang Khenpo Knchok Tsering Tu vin Dodrupchen 12. Khenpo Chyak Shukchung 13. Dodrupchen T Rigdzin Tenpe Gyaltsen (1927-1961) 14. Dodrupchen T Thupten Thrinle Palzang (sinh nm 1927) 4. Dodrupchen Tam Jigme Tenpe Nyima (1865-1926). Trong s cc t ca ngi c: Tertn Lerap Lingpa (Sgyal, 1856-1926)* Nyakrong Chagmo Tlku Rolpe Dorje* Golok Diphuk Duktsa (Chje) Tenpe Gyaltsen* Amdo Sershl Khenpo Ngawang Kn-ga (?-1926) Tu vin Dodrupchen 5. Garwa Khenpo Jigme sal (?-1926) Tu vin Dodrupchen 6. Amye Khenpo Tamch zer Tu vin Dodrupchen 7. Lushl Khenpo Knchok Dronme (1859-1936) Tu vin Dodrupchen 8. Gekong Khenpo Knzang Palden (1872-1943) Dzachukha 9. Tlku Tri-me (1881-1924),* anh ca Dodrupchen Tam 10. Tlku Pema Dorje, anh ca Dodrupchen Tam 11. Tlku Tsltrim Zangpo (1884-?) Shukchung 12. Do Rinpoche Zilnn Gyepa Dorje Nh (1890-1939) 13. Chkor Khenpo Kun-ga Lodr (?-1957) Tu vin Dodrupchen 14. Khyentse Chkyi Lodr (1893-1959) Tu vin Dzongsar 15. Kyala Khenpo Chechok Thndrup (1893-1957) Tu vin Dodrupchen 5. Shuksep Jetsn Lochen Chnyi Zangmo (1865-1953) Kang-ri Thkar. Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. 2. 3. 4. Kangshar Rinpoche Ogyen Chdzom Dza Trlzhik Ngawang Chkyi Lodr (sinh nm 1924)* Jigme Dorje (sinh nm 1929?), tlku ca Sem-nyi Rinpoche 1. 2. 3. 4.

6. Gyakong Khenpo Zhenphen Chkyi Nangwa (Zhen-ga, 1871-1927) Tu vin Dzogchen, ha thn ca Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye v tc gi ca nhng ch gii v mi ba bn vn uyn bc chnh yu. Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. Khenpo Lhagyal (Abu Lhagong, ?-1953?) Tu vin Dzogchen 2. Pathur Khenpo Thupten Chphel n tht Changma 3. Kangkar (Kongka) Karma Chkyi Senge (1903-1956)* Minyak, c nhiu t ngi Trung quc 4. Khenpo Thupten Nyentrak (?-1959) Tu vin Dzogchen 5. Chtrak Rahor, Tsangtha

281

6. Khenpo Tsewang Rigdzin Mewa, ngi hin ln trn khng trung v tan bin vnh vin trc mt ca nhiu ngi vo nm 1959 7. Khenpo Lodr Trayap* 8. Chtrak Serkha, Minyak 7. Dzogchen Thupten Chkyi Dorje Ng (1872-1935). Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. Gyakong Khenpo Zhenphen Chkyi Nangwa (1871-1927) Tu vin Dzogchen 2. Gekong Khenpo Kunzang Palden (1872-1943) Dzachukha 3. Khenpo Lhagyal (Abu Lhagong, ?-1953?) Tu vin Dzogchen 4. Situ Chkyi Gyatso (1880-1925)* Tu vin Kathok 5. Zenkar Pema Ngdrup Rlwe Dorje Nht (1881-1943) Kyilung 6. Pema Norbu Knzang Tendzin Nh (1887-1932) Tu vin Palyl 7. Namtrl Drodl Karkyi Dorje* Gyarong Gn 8. Khandro Dechen Wangmo* Gyarong Gn 9. Khyentse Chkyi Lodr (1893-1959) Tu vin Dzongsar 10. Dilgo Khyentse Tashi Paljor (1910-1991) Tu vin Zhechen 11. Dodrupchen T Rigdzin Tenpe Gyaltsen (1927-1961) 12. Dodrupchen T Thupten Thrinle Palzang (sinh nm 1927) 8. Gekong Khenpo Knzang Palden (Knpal v Thupten Knzang Chtrak, 1872-1943) Dzachukha. Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Khenpo Ngawang Palzang (1879-1941) Kathok Khyentse Chkyi Lodr (1893-1959) Tu vin Dzongsar Kongtrl Pema Thrime Lodr (1901-1959)* Zhechen341 Pathur Khenpo Thupten Chphel (Thubga) Dzachukha Khenpo Nden Tu vin Kathok* Ppa Tlku Do-ngak Tenpe Nyima (?-1959) Dodrupchen T Rigdzin Tenpe Gyaltsen (1927-1961) Dodrupchen T Thupten Thrinle Palzang (sinh nm 1927)

9. Yukhok Chatralwa Chying Rangtrl (1872-1952). Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Garwa Lama Nortra Thung lng Dzika Dzirong Lama Chogden Dzika Ppa Tlku Do-ngak Tenpe Nyima (?-1959) Khenpo Nden Tu vin Kathok* Tsltrim Dorje Ngaze npo Pema Rigdzin* Jang-gang, Thung lng Ser

282

7. Dodrupchen T Thupten Thrinle Palzang (sinh nm 1927) 10. Kathok Lhenpo Ngawang Palzang (Ngachung v Pema Ledreltsal, 18791941). Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. Pema Norbu Knzang Tendzin Nh (1887-1932) Tu vin Palyl 2. Chaktsa Tlku Tralak Gn 3. Khenpo Lekshe Jorden* Tu vin Kathok 4. Khenpo Nden Tu vin Kathok* 5. Khyentse Chkyi Lodr (1893-1959) Tu vin Dzongsar 6. Gyurme Dorje (1895?-1959?), con trai ca Adzom Drukpa 7. Poda Khenpo Dorje (1897?-1970?) 8. Tlku Arik (?-1988) Tromge, Nyak-rong 9. Khenpo Munsel (1916-1994) Wangchen Tpa, Golok 10. Chatral Sangye Dorje (sinh nm 1913) 11. Shedrup Tenpe Nyima (1920-?), tlku ca Nyoshl Lungtok342 11. Pathur Khenpo Thupten Chphel (Thubga) n tht Changma thuc Tu vin Dzachukha. Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Dilgo Khyentse Tashi Paljor (1910-1991) Tu vin Zhechen Khenpo Chkyap (mt nm 1997?) Horshl, Thung lng Ser Khenpo Dawe zer (Dazer) Rahor Khenpo Thupten Mewa, Amdo Khenpo Jigme Phntsok (sinh nm 1933)* Nizok Khenpo Thupten ca Tu vin Rahor

12. Alak Zenkar Pema Ngdrup Rlwe Dorje Nht (1881-1943) Tu vin Kyilung, Geshe, Gyarong. Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. Sangye Yeshe Tak-rang 2. Dorje Tseten Tak-rang 13. Dzongsar Khyentse Chkyi Lodr (1893-1959) ca Tu vin Dzongsar, mt tlku ca Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo. Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. Kongtrl Pema Tri-me Lodr (1901-1959?) Tu vin Zhechen 2. Dilgo Khyentse Tashi Paljor (1910-1991) Tu vin Zhechen 3. Rabjam Gyurme Tenpe Nyima Lc (1911-1959)* Tu vin Zhechen 4. Poda Khenpo Dorje (1897?-1970?) 5. Chatral Sangye Dorje (sinh nm 1913) 6. Tak-rong Gyurme Trakpa (?-1975) ca Yilhung 7. Khandro Tsering Chdrn (sinh nm 1925) Vin Aduk 8. Kathok Situ Tam

283

9. Dodrupchen T Thupten Thrinle Palzang (sinh nm 1927) 10. Chogling Pema Gyurme Tam (1928-1974)* Neten 11. Dungse Thinley Norbu (sinh nm 1931)* 12. Minling Trichen Gyurme Kunzang Wangyal Th Mi mt (sinh nm 1931)* 13. Trogawa Samphel Norbu (sinh nm 1931)* ca Gyangtse 14. Dzogchen Jigtral Changchup Dorje Lc (1935-1958) 15. Sgyal Rinpoche (sinh nm 1947) Tu vin Dzogchen/Anh quc 14. Kyala Khenpo Chechok Thndrup (1893-1957) thuc Tu vin Dodrupchen. Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Tlku Drachen (?-1959) Lauthang, Minyak Alak Zhiwatso Gde, Rekong Kakor Tlku Tergar, Rekong Alo Lama Tsltrim Trokyap, Gyarong Gyutse Knchok Mnlam Trokho, Amdo Alak Dzong-ngn Lodr Rekong

15. Gyalse Gyurme Dorje (Ah-gyur, 1895?-1959?), con trai ca Adzom Drukpa. Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. Khyentse Chkyi Ldro (1893-1959) ca Tu vin Dzongsar 2. Pema Knzang Rangtrl 3. Adzom Druktrl Rinpoche (sinh nm 1926) GIAI ON TH SU 1. Dilgo Khyentse Tashi Paljor (Rabsal Dawa, 1910-1991) Tu vin Zhechen, mt tlku ca Jammyang Khyentse Wangpo. Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. Tlku Urgyen (sinh nm 1919)* Nargn 2. Lama Gnpo Tseten (?-1991) Labrang, Amdo 3. Trulzhik Ngawang Chkyi Lodr (sinh nm 1924)* Dza Rongphu 4. Nyoshl Lama Jamyang Dorje (sinh nm 1926) Dege 5. Tsetrl Nyinche Zangpo (sinh nm 1927)* Taklung Gn, Yardrok 6. Dakchen Jigtral Phntsok Photrang (sinh nm 1929) Sakya/Hoa K 7. Khamtrl Tn-gy Nyima Bt* (1930-1979) 8. Dungse Thinley Norbu (sinh nm 1931)* Pemak/Hoa K 9. Chagdud Karkyi Wangchuk (sinh nm 1930)* Nyak-rong/Hoa K

284

10. Pema Norbu Jigme Thupten Shedrup Tam (sinh nm 1932) Tu vin Palyl343 11. c t Lai Lt Ma Tendzin Gyatso Th Mi bn (sinh nm 1935)* 12. Trungpa Chkyi Gyatso Th Mi mt (1939-1987)* Tu vin Zurmang344 13. Zenkar Thupten Nyima Nh (sinh nm 1943) Kyilung 14. Knchok Tenzin* Php 15. Sgyal Rinpoche (sinh nm 1947) Tu vin Dzogchen/Anh quc 16. Tsetrl Pema Wangyal (sinh nm 1947)* Riwoche/Php 17. Dzongsar Khyentse Thupten Chkyi Gyatso Tam 18. Tarthang Choktrl Jigme Lodr Senge (sinh nm 1961?)* 19. Sakyong Mipham Jampal Trinley Dradl (sinh nm 1962)* Shambhala Hoa K/Canada 20. Sangye Nyenpa Thp (sinh nm 1963)* 21. Dzogchen Jigme Losal Wangpo Tht (sinh nm 1964) 22. Tlku Khyentse Jigme (sinh nm 1964)* Riwoche/Php 23. Dzigar Kongtrl* 24. Rabjam Gyurme Chkyi Senge Tht (sinh nm 1966)* Zhechen 25. Namkhe Nyingpo Lhotrak* 26. Karma Kuchen Thupten Tsltrim Norbu Ng (sinh nm 1970)* Palyl 27. Chokling Gyurme Dorje T (sinh nm 1973)* Neten 2. Chatral Rinpoche Sangye Dorje (sinh nm 1913). Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. c: 1. Chagdud Karkyi Wangchuk (sinh nm 1930)* Nyak-rong/Hoa K 2. Lama Snam Topgyal* Riwoche/Canada 3. Tri-me Zhingkyong * Tu vin Kathok 4. Sgyal Rinpoche (sinh nm 1947) Tu vin Dzogchen/Anh quc 5. Tsetul Pema Wangyal (sinh nm 1947) Riwoche/Php Gyaltsap Redring Jampal Yeshe (sinh nm 1911-1947)* Snam Topgye Kazi (sinh nm 1920) Rinak, Sikkim/Hoa K Cham Nordzin Wangmo Rinak, Sikkim Lama Tharchin (sinh nm 1936)* Rekong/Hoa K Chgyal Wangchuk Namgyal (sinh nm 1953)* Sikkim Jigme Thupten Namgyal

3. Nyoshl Lama Jamyang Dorje (sinh nm 1926). Trong s cc t ca ngi

285

4. Dodrupchen T Rigdzin Tenpe Gyaltsen (1927-1961). Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. Chkor Khenpo Kang-nam (?-1957) Tu vin Dodrupchen 2. Kyala Khenpo Chechok Thndrup (1893-1957) Tu vin Dodrupchen 3. Lobsang Lungtok Gyatso (Drachen, ?-1959) Lauthang 4. Pema Namgyal (?-1957), mt ha thn ca Dudjom Lingpa 5. Akong Khenpo Lobzang Dorje* Tu vin Tarthang 6. Tlku Jigme Phntsok (Jiglo, mt nm 1959) Dodrupchen 7. Garwa Tulk Gyalse Padlo Golok 8. Yangthang Dechen sal Dorje (sinh nm 1929)* 9. Jigme sal Tu vin Dodrupchen, mt tlku ca Garwa Khenpo (?1926) 10. Gyalse Thrinle Kunkhyab (Achen)* Nangchen 11. Terton Tlku Jigme sal ca Tertn Gar, Rekong 12. Drubwang Tlku Alak Gnpo Gn Lakha, Rekong 13. Dzakhen Lama Rigdzin Go-me, Rekong 5. Dodrupchen T Thupten Thrinle Palzang (sinh nm 1927). Trong s cc t ca ngi c: 1. Chkor Khenpo Kang-nam (?-1957) Tu vin Dodrupchen 2. Kyala Khenpo Chechk Thndrup (1893-1957) Tu vin Dodrupchen 3. Lobsang Lungtok Gyatso (Drachen, ?-1959) Lauthang 4. Tlku Pema Namgyal (?-1957) Tu vin Dodrupchen 5. Tlku Jigme Phntsok (Jiglo, mt nm 1959) Dodrupchen 6. Khandro Pema Dechen Kongpo 7. Dodrupchen Tenpe Nyima T (sinh nm 1929) Yarlung Pemak 8. Yangthang Dechen sal Dorje (sinh nm 1929)* Domang 9. Tlku Jigme sal Tu vin Dodrupchen 10. Dungse Thinley Norbu (sinh nm 1931)* Pemak/Hoa K 11. Lama Pema Tumpo (Kusum Lingpa, sinh nm 1933) Golok 12. Khenpo Dechen Dorje (sinh nm 1936 Sikkim) 13. Khandro Tare Lhamo (sinh nm 1937),* con gi ca Apang Tertn 14. Thekchok Pema Gyaltsen (Theklo) (sinh nm 1937), tlku ca Pema Dorje 15. Zenka Thupten Nyima Nh (sinh nm 1943) 16. Chgyal Wangchuk Namgyal (sinh nm 1953)* Sikkim 17. Lopn Thekchok Yeshe Dorje (sinh nm 1957) Bhutan 18. Gnchang Tlku Thp (sinh nm 1962)* Gompachang/Sikkim

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19. Dzogchen Jigme Losal Wangpo Tht (sinh nm 1964) 20. Tlku Chkyi Nyima Nup-ri, Nepal 21. Tlku Jigme Gawe Lodr, mt tlku ca Khenpo Kangnam 22. Dodrupchen Jigme Long-yang Ng, mt tlku ca Dodrupchen Rigdzin Tenpe Gyaltsen 23.

Tc phm Trch dn
Klong Chen sNying Thig Gi brGyud Debs Byin rLabs Char rGyun (t 2), do Jigme Lingpa (1730-1798) khm ph. Quyn OM, Longchen Nyingthig Tsap. Jamyang [Dilgo] Khyentse xut bn, n . BD Biographical Dictionary of Tibet and Tibetan Buddhism (T in Tiu s ca Ty Tng v Pht gio Ty Tng) ca Khetsun Zangpo (sinh nm 1921). Quyn 1-14. Dharmasala: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives. BDL Biography of Do Khyentse and His Lineage (Tiu s Do Khyentse v Dng Truyn tha ca ngi) (trang 24) ca Ani Dasal, cht gi ca Do Khyentse. c cung cp nh thin tm ca Zenkar Rinpoche, Thupten Nyima. Bn tho. BG sNga Gyur Bla Med Kyi rGyud Kyi brJod Bya gZhi Lam Gyi dKa gNad bKrol Ba Bla Mai dGongs rGyan ca Lobzang (Knchok Drnme, 1859-1936) ca Tu vin Dodrupchen. Bn tho. BGT rGya Bod Tshig mDzod Chen Mo. Quyn 1-3. Mirik Petrunkhang, Trung quc. BND Bairo Tsanai rNam Thar Dra Bag Chen Mo, Kham-nyon Dharma Senge (?-1890) bin tp. In mc bn Lhasa, Ty Tng. CD Jam dByangs Bla Ma Chos Kyi Blo Gros Kyi gSung Thor Bui dKar Chags Chos Tshul Mi Zad Dod dGui Bang mDzod (t 9) ca Tashi Paljor [Dilgo Khyentse, 19101991]. Mt bn tho c cung cp do thin tm ca Thng Ta Knchok Tenzin, Php. CG Khams sMyon Dharma Sengei Nyams mGur Chu Zlai Gar Phreng (t 224) ca Dharma Senge. Sonam Kazi sao chp, n , 1970. CN Rig Dzin Jigs Med Gling Pai bKa Bum Yongs rDzogs Kyi bZhugs Byang Chos Rab rNam Byed (t 13) ca Kathokpa Gyurme Tsewang Chokdrup (1764-?). Quyn Cha, Jigling Kabum. (Dege) Dodrupchen Rinpoche sao chp, Sikkim, n . CY Ch Yang, the Voice of Tibetan Religion and Culture (Ch Yang, Ting Ni ca Tn gio v Vn ha Ty Tng). n bn Nm Ty Tng. Hi ng Tn gio v Vn ha S v xut bn , Dharamsala, n . DB O rGyan Jigs Med Chos Kyi dBang Poi rNam Thar Pai gSos sMan bDud rTsii Bum bChud (t 41) ca Thupten Knzang Chtrak (1872-1943). Paltrl Sungbum, Quyn 5. Zenkar Rinpoche xut bn, Trung quc. DCS rDo rJe Chang Gis gSung Pa mChod Os Rang bZhin Gyi Tshig Dus gNad Nges Pa (t 36, gSer Yig, Ga), Vima Nyingthig Phn I, tuyn tp sNying Thig Ya bZhi, do Longchen Rabjam (1308-1363) (Adzom) bin son. Lama Jigtrak v Tlku Pema Wangyal sao chp, Darjeeling, n . DD dPal gSang Ba sNying Poi rGyud Kyi sPyi Don Nyung Ngui Ngag Gis gSal Bar Byed Pa Rin Po Chei mDzod Kyi sDe Mig ca Jigme Tenpe Nyima. Quyn Ka, Dodrupchen Sungbum. Dodrupchen Rinpoche xut bn, Sikkim, n . DGN rDo Grub Chen rNam Thar. Mt tiu truyn ca Dodrupchen nht (1745-1821) t tuyn tp ca Dodrupchen Rinpoche. Bn tho. Thiu ba trang, trong c trang ta v trang cui. BC

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DK DKG DL DN DNN

DNK DO DPM DSC DSC DT DTN DZ DZT EL GD GDG GK GL

sKyabs rJe Dam Pa Chos dByings Rang Grol Gyi rNam Par Thar Ba Dad Pai Khri Shing (trang 35) ca Snam Nyima. Bn tho. sNga Gyur rGyud Bum Rin Po Chei rTogs Pa brJod Pa Dzam Gling Tha Gru Khyab Pai rGyan (t 250) ca Jigme Lingpa. Quyn Ga, Jigling Kabum (Dege). Dodrupchen Rinpoche sao chp, Sikkim, n . 1985 mDo Khams rDzogs Chen dGon Gyi Lo rGyus (trang 139) ca Gyalwang Chkyi Nyima (sinh nm 1914). Sitrn Mirik Petrnkhang, Trung quc, 1992. rDo Grub Chen Rin Po Che sKu Phreng Rim Byon Gyi rNam Par Thar Pa Dod Jo Nor Bui Phreng Ba ca Snam Nyima Serta, Golok. Bn tho. Rang bZhin rDzogs Pa Chen Poi Lam Gyi Cha Lag sDom gSum rNam Par Nges Pa (t 16) ca Padma Wangkyi Gyalpo (1487-1542). Khamtrl Rinpoche, n , xut bn. Bn Anh ng: Absolute Certainty of the Three Vows (Xc quyt Tuyt i Ba Gii nguyn), vi Bnh ging ca Dudjom Rinpoche. Sangye Khandro dch. Snow Lion sp xut bn. Dzogchen Lineage of Nyoshl Khenpo (Dng Dzogchen ca Nyoshl Khenpo) (sinh nm 1926). Bn tho. Zhal Chen Dri Ma Med Pai Od (t 132-140) ca Longchen Rabjam, Quyn HM, Khandro Nyingthig (Adzom). Lama Jigtrak v Tlku Peama Wangyal sao chp, Darjeeling, n . Gangs Chan Bod Chen Pii rGyal Rabs Dus gSal Du bKod Pa sNgon Med Dvangs Shel Phrul Gyi Me Long (t 283) ca Jigtral Yeshe Dorje (1904-1987). Dakkii sSang gTam Chen Mo (t 7), do Jigme Lingpa khm ph nh mt terma. Quyn OM, Longchen Nyingthig Tsap. Jamyang (Dilgo) Khyentse xut bn, n . Klong Chen sNying Gi Thig Lei rToga Pa brJod Pa Dakkii gSang gTam Chen Mo (t 7), do Jigme Lingpa khm ph. Quyn OM, Longchen Nyingthig Tsap. Jamyang (Dilgo) Khyentse xut bn. Phags Pa Shes Rab Kyi Pha Rol Tu Phyin Pa sDud Pa Tshigs Su bChad Pa, Quyn Ka, mc Sher Phyin, Kanjur (Dege). Deb Ther sNgon Po (Quyn 1 & 2) ca Golo Zhnu Pal (1392-1481). Sitrn Mirik Petrnkhang, Trung quc, 1984. Dul Ba gZhi (Vinayavastu). Mc Dul Ba. Quyn 1-4. Kanjur (Dege). O rGyan Jigs Med Chos Kyi dBang Poi rTogs brJod bDud rTsii Zil Thigs (t 18) ca Jigme Tenpe Nyima. Quyn Nga, Dodrupchen Sungbum. Dodrupchen Rinpoche xut bn, n . Enlightened Living: Teachings of Tibetan Buddhist Masters (i sng Gic ng: Nhng Gio l ca cc o s Pht gio Ty Tng), Tulku Thondup dch, Harold Talbott hiu nh. Boston: Nh Xut bn Shambhala, 1990. bKyed rDzogs sGom Phyogs Dris Lan (t 98) ca Jigme Lingpa. Quyn Ta, Jigling Kabum (Dege). Dodrupchen Rinpoche sao chp, Sikkim, n . Ye Shes mTsho rGyal Gyi mDzad Tshul rNam Par Thar Pa Gab Pa mNgon Byung rGyud Mang Dri Zai Glu Phreng (trang 254), do Pawo Taksham Dorje (th k 17) khm ph. Sitrn Mirik Petrnkhang, Trung quc. Dam Pai Chos Rin Po Che Phags Pai Yul Du Ji lTar Tar Bai Tshul gSal Bar sTon Pa dGos Dod Kun Byung (trang 340) ca Trntha (1575-1635). Mirik Petrnkhang, Trung quc, 1985 Gro mGon Bla Ma rJei gSang gSum rNam Thar rGya mTsho Las Thun Mong Phyii mNgon rTogs rGyal Sras Lam bZang. Mt t truyn ca Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku, 17651843. Mt bn tho c cung cp nh thin tm ca Tlku Pema Wangyal Rinpoche, Php.

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GN GNP GP GPM GR GRT GRD GZ HTT JKT KBZ

KGT KKR KNN KNR KS KT KZ

KZD KZZ

rDzogs Pa Chen Po sNying Thig Gi Khrid Yig Gu Yangs sNying Gi Thig Le (t 136) ca Guyang Lo-de (Chingkarwa Don-y Dorje). Sherap Gyaltsen Lama, Sikkim, xut bn, 1976. dPal Sa sKyong sDe dGe Chos Kyi rGyal Po Rim Byon Gyi rNam Thar Ge Legs Nor Bui Phreng Ba (trang 135) ca Champa Kun-ga Tenpe Gyaltsen. Sitrn Mitik Petrnkhang, Trung quc, 1990. The Great Perfection (i Vin mn) ca Samten Gyaltsen Karmay. New York: E. J. Brill Leidon, 1988. rGyud Phyi Ma (ca gSang Ba Dus Pa). Mc rGyud. Quyn Cha, Kanjur (Dege). Phags Pa rGya Cher Rol Ba Zhes Bya Ba Theg Pa Chen Poi mDo. Mc mDo sDe. Quyn Kha, Kanjur (Dege). Jam dByangs Chos Kyi Blo Gros Kyi rTogs Pa brJod Pa sGyu Mai Rol rTsed (t 22) ca Chkyi Lodr (1893-1959). Grub mTha Rin Po Chei mDzod (t 206) ca Tri-me zer (Longchen Rabjam) (Adzom). Dodrupchen Rinpoche sao chp, Sikkim, n . rNying rGyud bKa Mai Thob Yig brGyud lDan Zhal Lung ca Dodrupchen Rinpoche T (sinh nm 1927). Bn tho. Hidden Teachings of Tibet (Nhng Gio l n du ca Ty Tng) ca Tulku Thondup Rinpoche, Harold Talbott bin tp. London: Wisdom, 1986. Manjushrdharmamitrai [Khyentse Wangpo] rTogs Pa brJod Pa Jigs rTen Kun Tu dGa Bai gTer (t 50) ca Jigme Tenpe Nyima. Quyn Nga, Dodrupchen Sungbum. Dodrupchen Rinpoche xut bn. rDzogs Pa Chen Po Nying Thig Gi sNgon Groi Khrid Yig Kun bZang Bla Mai Zhal Lung (t 306) ca gyen Jigme Chkyi Wangpo (Paltrl Rinpoche, 1808-1887). Pnlop Rinpoche, Rumtek, Sikkim, n , xut bn. Cc bn dch Anh ng: (1) Knzang La-May Zhal-lung, quyn 1 & 2, Sonam T.Kazi dch. Nh Xut bn DiamondLotus, 1989. (2) The Words of My Perfect Teacher (Li Vng ca Thy ti), Nhm Dch thut Padmakara dch. New York: Harper-Collins, 1994. Dam Pai Chos Kyi Khor Loi bsGyud Ba rNams Kyi Byung Ba gSal Bar Byed Pa mKhas Pai dGa sTon, quyn 1 & 2, ca Pawo Tsuklak Trengwa (1454-1566). Mirik Petrnkhang, Bc Kinh, Trung quc. Klong Chen sNying Gi Thig Lei dBang bsKur Gyi Phreng Ba bKlag Chog Tu bKod Pa sKal bZang Kun dGai Rol sTon (t 165) ca Dilgo Khyentse Rapsal Dawa. Quyn Nga, Longchen Nyingthig Tsap. Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche xut bn, n . Rig Dzin Jigs Med Gling Pai Khrungs Rabs rNam Thar Nyung bsDus (t 3). Quyn Ta, Jigling Kabum (Dege). Dodrupchen Rinpoche sao chp, Sikkim, n . sNga Gyur Chos Kyi Byung Ba gSal Bar Byed Pai Legs bShad mKhas Pa dGa Byed Ngo mTshar gTam Gyi Rol mTsho (trang 1058) ca Ngawang Lodr (Guru Tashi, 1550-1602). Tso-ngn Mirik Petrnkhang, Trung quc. Jigs Med Gling Pai Khrung Rabs gSol Debs (t 1) ca Khyentse Lha. Nyingthig Dncha. Dodrupchen Rinpoche xut bn, Sikkim, n . bKa Thang sDe lNga (trang 539), gyen Lingpa (1323-?) khm ph. Mirik Petrnkhang, Trung quc. Ja Lus rDo rJei (Do Khyentse) rNam Thar mKha Groi Zhal (t 99). Mt t truyn ca Do Khyentse, 1800-1866. Dodrupchen Rinpoche sao chp, Gangtok, n , 1974. Kun mKhyen Zhal Lung bDud rTsii Thig Pa (t 14) ca Jigme Lingpa. Quyn HM, Quyn OM, Longchen Nyingthig Tsap. Jamyang (Dilgo) Khyentse, n . Nying Thig Gi sNgon Groi Khrid Yig Kun bZang Bla Mai Zhal Lung Gi Zin Bris (t 205) ca Pema Ledreltsal (1879-1941). Mc bn.

289

LG LK LNG

LRB LRP LS LST LY LYN

MC MD MG MNB NB NCC NCG ND NG

Lo rGyus rGyal Ba gYung Gis mDzad Pa ca Gyalwa Yung (1284-1365), Phn II (t 203-211), Khandro Nyingthig. Tuyn tp Yabzhi (Adzom). Lama Jigtrak v Tlku Pema Wangyal sao chp, Darjeeling, n . Bla Ma dGongs Pa Dus Pa Las Lung bsTan bKa rGyai sKor (t 213), Sangye Lingpa (1340-1396) khm ph. Quyn 6 (Cha), Gio kha Lama Gongd. Lama Ngdrup v Sherab Drimay xut bn, Bhutan, 1981. sNga Gyur rDo rJe Theg Pai bsTan Pa Rin Po Che Ji lTar Byung Bai Tshul brJod Pa Lha dBang gYul Las rGyal Bai rNga Bo Chei Gra dByangs (t 410) ca Jitral Yeshe Dorje. Ddjom Tlku Rinpoche xut bn, Kalimpong, n , 1967. Anh ng: NTB. Karmapa Mi bsKyod rDo rJei gNang Bai Dris Lan Lung Dang Rigs Pai Brug sGra (t 87) ca Sokdokpa Lodr Gyaltsen (1552-1624). Sonam T. Kazi sao chp, Gangtok, n , 1971. mKha Gro sNying Thig Gi Lo rGyus Rin Po Chei Phreng Ba ca Chatralwa Zpa. Khandro Nyingthig, Phn II (t 233a-254a/6) (Adzom). Lama Jigtrak v Tlku Pema Wangyal sao chp, Darjeeling, n . The Life of Shabkar (1781-1851): The Autobiography of a Tibetan Yogin [Cuc i ca Shabkar) (1781-1851): T truyn ca mt Hnh gi Ty Tng] (trang 737). Matthieu Ricard dch. Albany: SUNY, 1994, Tibetan: SB. Yon Tan Rin Po Chei mDzod Kyi dKa gNad rDo rJei rGya mDud Grol Byed Legs bShad gSer Gyi Thur Ma ca (Sokpo) Tentar Lharampa (1759-?). Jamyang (Dilgo) Khyentse xut bn, n . rGya Gar Gyi gNas Chen Khag La bGrod Pai Lam Yig (trang 351-395) t Tuyn tp cc Tc phm ca Gendn Chphel (1905-1951). Mirik Petrnkhang, Trung quc. Rang Byung rDo rJei rNam Par Thar Pa Legs Byas Yong Dus sNye Ma (t 251), mt t truyn ca Khyentse zer [Jigme Lingpa]. Quyn Ta, Jigling Kabum. (Dege) Dodrupchen Rinpoche, Sikkim, n , sao chp. mKhan Rin Po Che Kun dPal La bsTod Pa bKa Drin rJes Dran Gyi Me Tog mChod Pa (t 4) ca Khyentse Chkyi Lodr. Phags Pa Yongs Su Mya Ngan Las Das Pa Chen Poi mDo. Mc mDo sDe. Quyn Ta, Kanjur (Dege). gTer sTon Rim Par Byon Pa rNam Gyi gSol Debs rGyas Par bKod Pa Mos Gus rGya mTshoi rLabs Phreng ca Kongtrl Ynten Gyatso (1813-1899). Quyn Ka, Terdz. Jamyang Khyentse xut bn, n . Chos Byung Me Tog sNying Po sBrang rTsii bChud (trang 504) ca Nyang Nyima zer (1124-1192). Pjong Mimang Petrnkhang, Ty Tng, 1988. Gangs Shugs Ma Ni Lo Chen Rig Dzin dBang Moi rNam Par Thar Pa rNam mKhyen bDe sTer (t 271). Mt t truyn ca Lochen Rigdzin Wangmo, 1865-1953. Sonam Kazi sao chp, n . gZhi Khregs Chod sKabs Kyi Zin Bris bsTan Pai Nyi Mai Zhal Lung sNyan rGyud Chu Boai bChud Dus (t 40) ca Pema Ledreltsal (Khenpo Ngachung). Bn tho. rDzogs Chen Man Ngag sDei sNying Thig rNam bZhii Thob Yig dNgos Grub Chu rGyun ca Dodrupchen Thupten Thrinle Palzangpo. Bn tho. Jigs Med Phrin Las Od Zer Gyi mNgon rTogs Drang Por sMos Pa (t 3) ca Jigme Thrinle zer. Bn tho. sNga Gyur sDom rGyun Gyi mKhan brGyud Kyi rNam Thar Nyung gSal sGron Me (t 31) ca Dharmashr (1654-1717). Quyn 3, Writings of Minling Lochen Dharmashr (Cc Tc phm ca Minling Lochen Dharmashr). Khorchen Tlku sao chp, n .

290

NGR NLC NLS NN NO NPG NS NT NTB

NTG NTS NUG NYG

ON PGG PJM PK PKG PKD

Padma Las Brel rTsal Gyi rTogs brJod Ngo mTshar sGyu Mai Rol Gar (t 147). Mt t truyn ca Pema Ledreltsal. Sonam Kazi xut bn, n , 1969. rDzogs Pa Chen Po Nying Thig Gi Lo rGyus Chen Mo ca Zhangtn Tashi Dorje (1097-1167). Vima Nyingthig Phn III (Adzom). Lama Jigtrak v Tlku Pema Wangyal sao chp, Darjeeling, n . Chos sPyod Kyi Rim Pa rNam Par Grol Bai Lam Gyi Shing rTa (t 204) ca Jigtral Yeshe Dorje. Ddjom Rinpoche xut bn, Kalimpong, n . Thob Yig Nyi Zlai rNa Cha (t 13) ca Jigme Lingpa. Quyn Cha, Jigling Kabum (Dege). Dodrupchen Rinpoche sao chp, Sikkim, n . sNga Gyur Od gSal. Hc vin Ngagyur Nyingma xut bn, n , 1992. gSang sNgags gSar rNying Gi gDan Rabs mDor bsDus Ngo mTshar Padmoi dGa Tshal (t 104) ca Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892). Quyn Tsha, Khyentse Kabum. Jamyang (Dilgo) Khyentse xut bn, n . Yon Tan Rin Po Chei mDzod Las Bras Bui Theg Pai rGya Cher Grel rNam mKhyen Shing rTa (t 440) ca Khyentse Lha. Quyn Kha, Jigling Kabum. (Adzom) Dodrupchen Rinpoche sao chp, n . Nags Tshal Kun Tu dGa Bai gTam ca Longchen Rabjam. Tuyn tp gTam Tshogs (t 66a-72a), Sung Thorbu (Adzom). The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism: Its Fundamentals and History [Trng phi Nyingma ca Pht gio Ty Tng: Nhng Nn tng v Lch s ca n] (quyn 1 & 2) ca Ddjom Rinpoche, Jigtral Yeshe Dorje. Gyurme cng vi Matthew Kapstein dch v bin tp. Boston: Wisdom, 1991. Klong Chen sNying Gi Thig Le Las gNad Byang Thugs Kyi sGrom Bu (t 5), do Jigme Lingpa khm ph. Quyn OM, Longchen Nyingthig Tsap. Jamyang (Dilgo) Khyentse xut bn, n . sNying gTam Sum Chu Pa (t 54b-57b) ca Longchen Rabjam. Tuyn tp Zhaldam ca Sung Thorbu (Adzom). Jam dByangs mKhyen brTsei dBang Poi rnam Thar mDor bsDus Ngo mTshar Utpalai dGa-Tshal (t 118) ca Lodr Thaye. Quyn Ba, Kongtrl Kabum, do Jamyang (Dilgo) Khyentse xut bn, n . Jam dByang Chos Kyi Blo Gros Kyi rNam Thar Ngo mTshar Yongs Dus dGa Tshal (t 207) ca Khyentse zer (Dilgo Khyentse). Mt bn sao c cung cp do thin tm ca Thng Ta Knchok Tenzin Php. rDzogs Pa Chen Poi Nyams Len Gyi gNad mThar Thug Pai rTsa Grel Od gsal Gyi sNang Cha (t 11) ca Paltrl Rinpoche (1808-1887). Quyn 4, Paltrl Sungbum. Zenkar Rinpoche xut bn, Chendu (Thnh ), Trung quc. Deb Ther rDzogs lDan gZhon Nui dGa sTon dPyid Kyi rGyal Moi Glu dByangs (trang 202) ca Ngawang Lobzang Gyatso (t Lai Lt Ma th nm, 1617-1682). Mirik Petrnkhang, Trung quc. Jigs Med Phrin Las Od Zer Gyi rTogs bJod dPag bSam lJon Pai Me Tog ca Jigme Tenpe Nyima. Tpa Natsok (t 6a-10b), Quyn Nga, Dodrupchen Sungbum. Dodrupchen Rinpoche xut bn. The Esoteric Biography of Gter-chen Las-rab Gling-pa (Tertn Sogyal) (t 363) ca Shila Bhadra (Tsltrim Zangpo, 1884-?) Sangye Dorje xut bn, New Delhi, 1974. rTogs brJod Pag bSam Khri Shing Gi Grel Ba (trang 437-647) ca Jampal Yeshe Tenpe Gyaltsen. Tso-ngn Mirik Loptra xut bn, 1988, Trung quc. sNga Gyur rDo rJe Theg Pa gTso Bor Gyur Pai sGrub brGyud Shing rTa brGyad Kyi Byung Ba brJod Pai Pad Ma dKar Poi rDzing Bu (t 284) ca Gyurme Pema Namgyal (Zhechen Gyaltsap, 1871-1926). S. W. Tashigangpa, Ladakh, n .

291

PM RB RBP RD RT SB SCG SKK SLD SM SMM SN SNG TCG TKT TL TRL TT TTR WJ

Jigs Med Phrin Las Od Zer La rTogs brJod Dang Brel Bar gSol Ba Debs Pa dPag bSam lJon Pai Me Tog ca Jigme Tenpe Nyima. Quyn Nga (t 6-10), Dodrupchen Sungbum. Dodrupchen Rinpoche xut bn, n . Jam dByangs Chos Kyi Blo Gros Kyi rNam Thar Rin chen Bang mDzod (t 260) ca Do Sippa Ngawang Kn-ga Wangchuk. Bn tho. Zab MoI gTer Dang gTer sTon Ji lTar Byon Pai Lo rGyus bKod Pa Rin Chen Baiduryai Phreng Ba (t 235) ca Kongtrl Ynten Gyatso. Quyn Ka, Terdz. Jamyang (Dilgo) Khyentse xut bn, n . Klong Chen sNying Gi Thig Le Las, Nang sGrub Rig Dzin Dus Pai Zin Bris Rig Dzin Zhal Lung bDe Chen dPal sTer (t 58) ca Chechok Tondrup Tsal (Kyala Khenpo, 1893-1957). Dodrupchen Rinpoche xut bn, n . Chos Byung Rin Po Chei gTer mDzod bsTan Pa Rab Tu gSal Bar Byed Pai Nyi Od (trang 502) ca Gyalse Thukchok Tsal (Longchen Rabjam?). Bjong Petrnkhang, Ty Tng. sKyabs mGon Zhabs dKar rDo rJe Chang Chen Poi rNam Par Thar Pab bSam Phel dBang Gi rGyal Po ca Zhapkar Tsoktruk Rangtrol, quyn 1 & 2. In mc bn ca Tashi Khyil, Amdo, Tibet. Anh ng: LS The History of Chten Gompa of Dearali (Lch s ca Choten Gompa Dearali), Gangtok (trang 6) ca Dodrupchen Rinpoche T. Bn tho. Theg Pai sGo Kun Las bTus Pa Shes Bya Kun Khyab (quyn 1, 2 & 3) ca Kongtrl Ynten Gyatso (1813-1899). Mirik Petrnkhang, Trung quc, 1982. gSol Debs Leu bDun Ma, do Rigdzin Gdem (1337-1408) khm ph nh terma. Bn tho. Ma Ongs Lung bsTan gSal Byed Me Long (t 9) ca Jigme Thrinle zer. Bn tho. The Seven Mountains of Thomas Merton (By Ngn Ni ca Thomas Merton) ca Michael Mott. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1986. bChom ldan Das Ma Shes Rab Kyi Pha Rol Tu Phyin Pai sNying Po. Mc Sher Phyin. Quyn Ka, Kanjur (Dege). mKhyen brTse Herukai [Do Khyentse] gSang Bai rNam Thar Grub rTags sTon Tshul Thor bsDus (t 78) ca Dechen Rikpe Raltri v nhng ngi khc. Mt bn tho c cung cp do thin tm ca Zenkar Rinpoche. gSang Ba Chen Po Nyams sNang Gi rTogs brJod Chu Zlai Gar mKhan (t 26), do Jigme Lingpa khm ph. Quyn OM, Longchen Nyingthig Tsap. Jamyang (Dilgo) Khyentse xut bn. bsTan rTsis Kun Las bsTus Pa ca Tseten Zhaptrung (1910-?). Tso-ngon Mirik Petrnkhang, Trung quc. Ye Shes mKha Gro bDe Chen rGyai Moi Thugs Dam bsKang Bai Rim Pa Tshogs gNyis Lhun Po (t 8) ca Ch-nyn Dharma Senge. In mc bn Ty Tng. gTer Byung Rin Po Chei Lo rGyus (t 53) ca Tri-me zer (Longchen Rabjam). Phn I, Khandro Yangtig (Adzom). Lama Jigtrak v Tlku Pema Wangyal sao chp. Kun mKhyen Dri Med Od Zer Gyi rnam Thar mThong Ba Don lDan (t 46) ca Chtrak Zangpo. Quyn 4, Vima Nyingthig (Adzom). Lama Jigtrak v Tlku Pema Wangyal sao chp, Darjeeling, n . Gangs Chan Gyi Lo Pan rNams Kyi mTshan Tho Rags Rim (t 238) ca Khyentse Wangpo. Quyn Dza, Khyentse Kabum. Jamyang Khyentse sao chp, n . The Wish-Fulfilling Jewel: The Practice of Guru Yoga According to the Longchen Nyingthig Tradition (Vin Ngc Nh : Thc hnh Guru Yoga theo truyn thng Longchen Nyingthig) ca Dilgo Khyentse. Boston: Shambhala, 1988.

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Las Phro gTer brGyud Kyi rNam bShad Nyung gSal Ngo mTshar rGya mTsho (t 36) ca Jigme Tenpe Nyima. Quyn Nga, Dodrupchen Sungbum. Dodrupchen Rinpoche xut bn, Sikkim, n . Anh ng: HTT. YKG Klong Chen sNying Gi Thig Le Las. rDzogs Pa Chen Po Ye Shes Klong Gi rGyud (t 12) ca Jigme Lingpa. Quyn HM, Longchen Nyingthig Tsap. Jamyang [Dilgo] Khyentse xut bn, n . YM Padma Byung gNas Kyi rNam Par Thar Pa Yid Kyi Mun Sel (t 128) ca Sokdokpa Lodr Gyaltsen. Golok Lama Jigtse sao chp, Sikkim, n . YS Ye Grol Sor bZhag ca Longchen Rabjam. Bn tho. ZL Jigs Med bsTan Pai Nyi Mai gZim Lam sKor (t 5) ca Tlku Pema Namgyal (mt nm 1957). Bn tho.

WO

Ch thch
1. Mc d 624-544 Trc Cng nguyn l nhng nin i thng c truyn thng
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Theravda (Pht gio nguyn thy) chp nhn, nhiu hc gi t cuc i ca c Pht gia th k th nm v th t Trc Cng nguyn. Bm chp vo ci ng l khi nim hiu s hin hu ca mt thc th ni bn thn l ti hay ni chng sinh v cc s vt l anh, ci ny, hay ci kia, ci bn hay ci gh, v v.v.. M t v s gic ng ca c Pht c da trn GR 165a/1, KNR 34/19 v SKK I308/22. Lhai Mig Las Ye Shes mThong Bai Rig Pa. Trong mt vi ngun mch th l s nh li mi s hin hu trong qu kh, nhn thy mi iu xy ra trong tng lai, v nhn thc s cn kit ca mi s nhim. sNgon Gyi gNas rJes Su Dran Pai Ye Shes mThong Bai Rig Pa. Zag Pa Zad Pa Shes Pa mThong Bai Rig Pa. Theo truyn thng, Pht gio c phn loi thnh nhng truyn thng khc nhau (SKK I-361/s v DNN), nh sau. (1) Ba ln chuyn Php lun: (a) Chuyn Php lun ln th nht l cc gio l v o Pht thng thng (Hnayna, hay Theravda), l gio l ch yu t nn tng trn T Diu . (b) Chuyn Php lun ln th hai l gio l v Mahyna (i tha), ch yu l nhng Kinh in Prajnpramit (Bt nh ba la mt a) c ging dy trn nh Linh Thu. Ln chuyn Php lun ny xc nh rng bn tnh ti hu ca mi hin tng th thot khi nhng c tnh ca s to tc. N nhn mnh vo ngha su xa ca tnh Khng nh ba phng tin ca s gii thot: ci thy v tnh Khng (sTong Pa), con ng thot khi nhng c tnh (mTshan Ma Med Pa), v kt qu ca vic khng c nguyn (sMon Pa Med Pa). Cc mn ca gio l ny tr thnh trng phi Trung o (Madyamaka) ca i tha. (c) Chuyn Php lun th ba l gio l lm sng t tinh ty (Pht) gic ng ca i tha, ch yu da trn Avatamsaka-stra (Kinh Hoa Nghim), Lankvatra-stra (Kinh Lng Gi), v nhng Kinh in khc. Gio l ny ging dy rng mi hin tng ch n thun l nhng s quy gn (Kun bTags) ca tm, tm v nhng s

293

kin trong tm ang xut hin ch n thun ph thuc (gZhan dBang) vo nhng tp qun ca n, v nh th hon ton c cng c (Yongs Grub). (2) Ba yna (tha): (a) Cc gio l v T Diu , v.v.. c ban cho cc shrvaka (Thanh Vn, t) ca Hnayna. (b) Cc gio l v s duyn khi, v.v.. c ban cho cc pratyekabuddha (Duyn gic, c gic Pht, Bch Chi Pht) ca Hnayna. (c) Cc gio l v mi cp (thp a) v nm con ng, v.v.. dnh cho cc bodhisattva (B Tt, nhng v truy cu tm gic ng) ca Mahyna. (d) Cng c khi gio l v cc nguyn l b mt ca Vajrayna (Kim Cng tha), tantra ca Mahyna, c phn loi nh tha th t. 8. GR 200a/5, DZ I-44b/1. 9. KBZ 6B/3. 10. DP 293/6. 11. DP 253/7. 12. DP 311/2. 13. Su ba la mt l b th, tr gii, nhn nhc, tinh tn, thin nh v tr tu. DT 19b/1. 14. BG 6a/3. 15. DT 16b/2. 16. KBZ 19a/3. 17. SN 145a/5. 18. Tantra l s tng tc ca bn tnh ti thng, vi nn tng, con ng, v kt qu ca n. c Pht ni trong GPM 150a/1: Tantra c gi l s tng tc. 19. SKK III-160/3, 210/13, 212/ 23. 20. BG 13a/3. 21. GPM 152b/4, SKK III-159/14. 22. GPM 150a/4, SKK III-211/20. 23. Tui nhp Nit bn c da trn MD 317b/2. 24. Nin i ny c da trn DPM 18b/5, 69a/3. 25. Nin i ny c da trn DPM 79b/4, 155a/3. 26. YKG 1b/1 v nhng tantra khc. Theo NPG 23a/2 Mahsandhi l mt cch vit sai lc ca Mahsamdhi, v n cng c ngha l mNyam Pai Blo Chen Po, Tm Nht th V i.. 27. KBZ 282a/4: Vajrapni (Kim Cng Th) v KNR 93/8: gSang Ba Dzin Pa (Vajrapni). 28. NTB 455/5. 29. KBZ 285b/4. 30. DKG 58b/5, LNG 42a/4. 31. GD 161a/1, NS 24a/2. 32. Mi tm Tantra ca Mahyoga: Bn vn Gc ca Tt c cc Tantra Mahyoga: (1) rDo rJe Sems dPa sGyu Phrul Drva Ba rTsa Bai rGyud gSang Ba sNying Po. Nm Tantra Chnh: (2) Tantra Thn: Sangs rGyas mNyam sByos. (3) Tantra Ng: Zla gSang Thig Le. (4) Tantra Tm: gSang Ba Dus Pa. (5) Tantra Phm tnh: dPal mChog Dang Po. (6) Tantra Hnh ng: Kar Ma Ma Le. Nm Tantra Sdhana: (7) Heruka Rol Ba. (8) rTa mChog Rol Ba. (9) sNying rJe Rol Ba. (10) bDud rTsi Rol Ba. (11) Phur Ba bChu gNyis Pa Byung Ba. Nm Tantra Hot ng: (12) Ri Bo brTsegs Pa. (13) Ye Shes rNgam Glog. (14) Dam Tshig bKod Pa. (15) Ting Dzin rTse gChig. (16) Glang Chen Rab Bog. Hai Tantra cho s Vin mn: (17) rNam sNang sGyu Phrul Drva Ba. (18) Phags Pa Thabs Kyi Zhags Pa. 33. LNG 48a/2. 34. DKG 64b/5.

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35. SKK I-395/7. 36. Da trn GZ v cng da trn NLS 17b/5. 37. GD 161b/6, NS 24a/3. 38. Mt s trong cc tantra Anuyoga l nh sau: Bn mDo Gc: (1) Kun Dus Rig Pai mDo (sPyi mDo). (2) Sangs rGyas Thams Chad dGongs Pa Dus Pa. (3) Ye Shes rNgam Glog. (4) sSang Ba Dur Khrod Khu Byug Rol Ba. Su Tantra Nhnh: (1) Kun Tu bZang Po Che Ba Rang La gNas Pai rGyud. (2) dBang bsKur rGyal Po. (3) Ting Dzin mChog. (4) sKabs sByor bDun Pa. (5) br Tson Pa Don lDan. (6) Dam Tshig bKod Pa. Mi hai Tantra Him c: (1) Zhi Ba Lha rGyud. (2) Chos Nyid Zhi Bai Lha rGyud. (3) Khro Boi Lha rGyud Chen Mo. (4) Khro Boi Lha rGyud rTogs Pa Chen Po. (5) Thugs rJe Chen Poi gTor rGyud. (6) rNal Byor Nang Pai Tshogs rGyud Chen Po. (7) dPal Bar Khro Mo. (8) Rakta dMar Gyi rGyud. (9) Me Lha Zhi Bar Kyur Ba Bar Pai rGyud. (10) Khro Boi sByin Sreg rDo rJei Ngur Mo. (11) Hm mDzad Chen Mo. (12) Zla gSang Chen Mo. 39. Da trn GZ. 40. GD 166a/2, NS 24a/4. 41. NCC 6b/a, NS 304a/6. 42. Hai mi mt tantra chnh ca Semde l: Nm Tantra Ban u do Vairochana Dch: (1) Rig Pai Khu Byug. (2) rTsal Chen sPrug Pa. (3) Khyung Chen lDing Ba. (4) rDo La gSer Zhun. (5) Mi Nub Pai rGyal mTshan Nam mKha Che. Mi ba Tantra Sau do Vimalamitra dch: (6) rTse Mo Byung rGyal. (7) Nam mKhai rGyal Po. (8) bDe Ba Phrul bKod. (9) rDzogs Pa sPyi Chings. (10) Byang Chub Sems Tig. (11) bDe Ba Rab Byams. (12) Srog Gi Khor Lo. (13) Thig Le Drug Pa. (14) rDzogs Pa sPyi sPyod. (15) Yid bZhin Nor Bu. (16) Kun Dus Rig Pa. (17) rJe bTsan Dam Pa. (18) sGom Pa Don Grub. Ba Tantra Chnh Khc: (19) Kun Byed rGyal Po. (20) rMad Byung. (21) Mi ba Kinh in (mDo) ca Semde. 43. NCC 7a/6. 44. Mt s trong nhng tantra chnh ca Longde: (1) Klong Chen Rab Byams rGyal Po. (2) Kun Tu bZang Po Nam mKha Che. (3) Rin Chen gDams Ngag sNa Tshogs Khor lo. (4) rDo rJe Sems dPa Nam mKhai mTha Dang mNyam Pa. (5) Ye Shes gSang Bai sGron Ma. (6) Rin Chen Khor Lo. (7) rDzogs Pa Chen Po Byang Chub Kyi Semss Kun La Jug Pa. 45. NCC 7b/5, KZZ 8a/6. 46. Cc Tantra Chnh ca Me-Ngagde, NCC 8b/4: Mi by tantra: (1) rDzogs Pa Rang Byung Chen Po. (2) Yi Ge Med Pa. (3) Rig Pa Rang Shar Chen Po. (4) Rig Pa Rang Grol Chen Po. (5) Rin Chen sPungs Ba. (6) sKu Dung Bar Ba Chen Po. (7) sGra Thal Gyur Chen Po. (8) bKra Shis mDzes lDan Chen Po. (9) rDo rJe Sems dPa sNying Gi Me Long. (10) Kun Tu bZang Po Thugs Kyi Me Long. (11) Ngo sProd Rin Po Ches sPras Pa. (12) Mu Tig Phreng Ba. (13) Klong Drug Pai rGyud. (14) sGron Ma Bar Ba. (15) Nyi Zla Kha sByor. (16) Seng Ge rTsal rDzogs Chen Po. (17) Nor Bu Phra bKod. Hai Bn vn B tc: (18) Ekajat Khros Mai rGyud. (19) Klong gSal Bar Ma. 47. i vi truyn thng terma, xin c HTT. 48. Da trn NLC, DKG 48b/6 & 88a/1, NCG. 49. Da trn LRP, DKG 57b/5, NCG. 50. KZD 12b/6. 51. RD6 6b/2.

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52. KBZ 288b/5. 53. NTG 1b/1, RD 6b/6. 54. PKD 124/5, LNG 310b/2. 55. Xem NCC 9b/1, KZZ 9a/1, NGR 65b/5. 56. Mt s trong nhng bn vn chnh hay lun ging v Longchen Nyingthig do cc t ca Jigme Lingpa v cc o s sau ny nh sau: V Ngndro, Thc hnh Chun b: (a) rNam mKhyen Lam bZang, bn vn Ngndro (t 13), ca Jigme Thrinle zer (b) Kun bZang Bla Mai Zhal Lung (t 306) ca Paltrl Rinpoche. (c) sNgon Groi dMigs Rim bsDus Pa (t 11) ca Paltrl Rinpoche. (d) sNgon Groi Ngag Don rNam mKhyen Lam bZang gSal Byed (t 25) ca Khyentse Wangpo. (e) sNgon Groi dMigs Rim Zab Don bDud rTsii Nying Khu (t 12) ca Khyentse Wangpo. (f) sNgon Groi Khrid Yig Thar Lam gSal Byed sGron Me (t 247) ca Adzom Drukpa, Drudul Pawo Dorje. (g) Bla rNam La Nye Bar mKho Bai Yi Ge Padma Od Du bGrod Pai Them sKas (t 13) ca Dodrupchen, Jigme Tenpe Nyima. (h) Kun bZang Bla Mai Zhal Lung Gi Zin Bris (t 205) ca Khenpo Ngawang Palzang Tu vin Kathok. (i) sNgon Gro Kun Las bTus Pa (trang 110) ca Yukhok Chatralwa. (j) sNgon Groi Zin Bris Blo dMan Yid Kyi Mun Sel (t 131) ca Nubpa Thrinle Chphel Tsang. (k) sNgon Groi Brul Grel rNam mKhyen Thar Gling bGrod Pai Them sKas ca Gonpo Tseten Amdo. (l) sNgon Groi rNam bShad mTshungs Med Bla Mai Byin rLabs Char rGyun (104) ca Thekchok Yeshe Dorje Bhutan. (m) lKong Chen sNying Thig Gi sNgon Groi Ngag Don Gyi Bru Grel Nyung Ngu Khro Med Bla Ma Chung Chung (t 31) ca Subhashita (Horlu Lama Legshed) Nyag-rong, Kham. (n) Klong Chen sNying Thig Gi sNgon Groi Ngag Don Gyi Bru Grel rNam mKhyen Lam sGron (t 82) ca Chokyi Tragpa, Kham. V Rigdzin Dpa (Rig Dzin Dus Pa, Hi chng cc Tr minh vng): (a) Rig Dzin Dus Pai Phyag Len mThong gSal Me Long (t 5) ca Paltrl Rinpoche. (b) Rig Dzin Dus Pai Zin Bris Rig Dzin Zhal Lung bDe Chen dPal sTer (t 58) ca Chechok Tontrup Tsal (Kyala Khenpo, Chchok) Tu vin Dodrupchen. V Yumka Dechen Gyalmo (Yum Ka bDe Chen rGyal Mo, N Hong i Lc): (a) Yum Ka bDe Chen rGyal Moi sGrub gZhung Gi Grel Ba rGyud Don sNang Ba (t 107) ca Raton Ngawang Tendzin Dorje, mt t ca Jigme Lingpa. (b) Yum Ka bDe Chen rGyal Moi sGrub gZhung Gi Zin Bris bDe Chen Lam bZang gSal Bai sGron Me (t 22) ca Dodrupchen, Jigme Tenpe Nyima. (c) Yum Ka bDe Chen rGyal Moi rTsa sNgags Kyi Grel bShad rNam mKhyen bGrod Pai Them sKas (t 6) ca Jigme Tenpe Nyima. (d) Yum Kai rTsa sGrub Kyi Cho Gai bsDus Grel (t 14) ca Lingtul Wangda, Golok, mt t ca Alak Do-ngak Gyatso. (e) Yum Kai Zin Bris Kha bsKong Rig Dzin Zhal Lung (t 34) ca Konchok Donme (Konme Khenpo) Tu vin Dodrupchen. (f) Yum Ka bDe Chen rGyal Moi sGrub gZhung Gi Zin Bris rMong Pai Mun Sel (t 19) ca Sangye zer Gyarong, mt t ca Kyala Khenpo.

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(g) Yum Ka bDe Chen rGyal Moi rTsa Bai sGrub Pa bDe Chen dPal Phreng Gi Tshig Grel (t 63) ca Gonpo Tseten Amdo. V Palchen Dpa (dPal Chen Dus Pa, Hi chng cc Bn Tn Vinh quang V i): (a) dPal Chen Dus Pai Las Byang Gi dGongs Don Chung Zad bShad Pa Zab Don gSal Byed Rin Chen sNang Ba (t 103) ca Khyentse zer (Dilgo Khyentse). (b) dPal Chen Dus Pai Zin Bris (t 4) ca Mati (Kyala Khenpo) Tu vin Dodrupchen. (c) dPal Chen Dus Pai Cho Gai dMigs Rim Zhal Lung bDud rTsii Thig Pa (t 39) ca Garwa Khenpo zang Tu vin Dodrupchen. (d) dPal Dus sMan sGrub brTags Thabs Mar Me sMon Lam sTong Thun bChas (t 6) ca Khenpo Pema Badzar Tu vin Dzogchen. (e) sGrub Khog Chung Zad gSal Du Byas Pa Rin Po Chei Za Ma Tog (t 14) ca Dodrupchen Jikme Tenpe Nyima. V Phurba (Phur Pa, Vajrakila): (a) Phur Ba bDud dPung Zil gNon Gyi Zin Bris Phur Thogs mGrin Pai rGyan (t 9) ca Dodrupchen, Jikme Tenpe Gyaltsen [Nyima]. (b) Phur Bai Zin Bris bsDus Pa (t 4) ca Mati (Kyala Khenpo). V Thukje Chenpo (Thugs rJe Chen Po, Avalokiteshvara): (a) sDug bsNgal Rang Grol bsNyen Yig Grub gNyis Nor Bui Gan mDzod (t 15) ca Khenpo Peme Badzar Tu vin Dzogchen. (b) sDug bsNgal Rang Grol bsNyen Yig Rig Pa Dzin Pai dGongs rGyan (t 12) ca Khenpo Pema Badzar ca Tu vin Dzogchen. (c) sDug bsNgal Rang Grol Gyi sGrub Pai Khog dBub Rin Po Chei Za Ma Tog (t 22) Khenpo Ngawang Palzang Tu vin Kathok. V Takhyung Barwa (rTa Khyung Bar Ba, Guru Rinpoche Phn n): (a) rTa Khyung Bar Bai bsNyel Tho Rin Chen sGon Me (t 9) ca Dodrupchen, Jigme Tenpe Nyima. V Ladrup Thigle Gyachen (Bla sGrub Thig Lei rGya Chan, Longchen Rabjam): (a) Bla sGrub Thig Lei rGya Chan Gyi bsNyen Yig Grub gNyis Shing rTa (t 6) ca Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo. V Chod Khad Ke-gyang (gChod mKha Groi Gad rGyangs): (a) mKha Groi Gad rGyangs Kyi dMigs gNad Dril Ba gSal Byed sNye Ma (t 17) ca Dodrupchen, Jigme Thrinle zer. (b) gChod Yul mKha Groi Gad rGyangs Kyi Man Ngag Zab Mo (t 9) ca Paltrl Rinpoche. (c) mKha GroI Gad rGyang Gi Grel Ba mKa Groi gSang mDzod bDud rTsii Bum bZang (t 31) ca Rigdzin Nangdze Dorje, mt t ca Zhabkar. V Kongshak (sKong bShags, Nhng Li Cu nguyn Tnh ha v p ng): (a) Skong bShags rDo rJe Thol Glui Tshig Grel bDus Pa (t 47) ca Pema Kunzang Rangtrol, mt t ca Adzom Gyalse Gyurme Dorje. V Ngomon (bsNgo sMon, Nhng Li Cu nguyn Hi hng v c nguyn): (a) Zangs mDog dPal Rii sMon Lam Gyi rNam bShad Phun Tshogs sTong lDan (t 28) ca Viryadhara. (b) gZhi Lam Brs Bui sMon Lam Gyi Grel Ba (t 5) ca Khenpo Ynten Gyatso. V Thaplam (Thabs Lam), Con ng Phng tin Thin xo: (a) Klong Chen sNying Gi Thig Le Las Thabs Lam sBas Don Gyi Bru Grel Gab Don mNgon gSal (t 24) ca (Trupwang Jigme) Namkha Gyatso. (b) bDe sTong rLung Gi rDzogs Rim sNyan rGyud Yid bZhin Nor Bui Shog Dril (t 30) ca Namkha Gyatso ?). (c) Klong Chen sNying Gi Thig Le Las Rig Dzin Khrul Khor dPeu Ris (trang 24) ca Namkha Gyatso (?).

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V Dzopa Chenpo (a) Chos Kyi rGyal Po Lung rTogs bsTan Pai Nyi Ma La sPrul sKu sKu gSum Gling Pai Dris Lan Ka Lhun Zung Jug Gi gDams Pa (t 32) ca Nyoshul Lungtog. (b) Ye Shes Bla Mai sPyi Don Kun bZang Thugs Kyi Tikka (t 271) ca Pema Ledreltsal (Ngawang Palzang) Tu vin Kathok. (c) gNas Lugs rDo rJei Tshig rKang Gi Grel Ba (trang 14) ca Yukhok Chatralwa. Cc lun ging v Yon Tan Rinpochei mDzod ca Jigme Lingpa v nhng lun ging ca n: (a) rGyal mTshoi Chu Thig (bn ngn) ca Dodrupchen Nht. (b) rGyal mTshoi Chu Thig (bn chi tit) ca Dodrupchen Nht. (c) gSer Gyi Thur Ma ca Tentar Lharampa Mng C. LST (d) Yon Tan Rin Po Chei mDzod Kyi dKa Grel Nyin Byed sNang Ba (t 70) (v nhng Sa bChad khc nhau) ca Paltrl Rinpoche. (e) Zla Bai sGron Me v Nyi Mai Od Zer (quyn 1 & 2) ca Khenpo Ynten Gyatso ca tu vin Dzogchen. (f) Yon Tan mDzod Kyi mChan Grel ca Longchen Rolpa Tsal (Kagyur Rinpoche). Bn tho. V Don Grigs (cc Nghi l), dByangs Rol (m nhc) v gTor Ma (Bnh Cng dng): (a) sNying Thig rTsa gSum gSol Khai Don Grigs Blo gSar Yid Kyi dGa sTon (t 53) ca Golok Khenpo Tsondr. (b) Klong Chen sNying Gi Thig Le Las Rig Dzin Jigs Med Gling Pai bKa gTer Gyi Cho Gai rNga Tshig sKal bZang dGa bsKyed (t 9) ca (Dodrupchen) Jigme Thrinle zer. (c) gSang sNgags Kyi Cho Gai dByangs Rol Dang gTor Ma Sogs Kyi Lo rGyus Phan Yon mDor bsDus rGyu mTshan Shes Pai Gleng gZhi (t 5) ca Khyentse zer [Dilgo Khyentse]. (d) sNying Thig Gi gTor Mai bCha Yig (t 12) ca Khyentul [Do Khyentse]. (e) Klong Chen sNying Thig Gi gTor Mai dPeu Ris (trang 5) ca Dilgo Khyentse (?). Cc Bi vit v hay cc Bn Dch ca Gio l Longchen Nyingthig bng Anh ng: (a) The Way of Power. A Practical Guide to the Tantric Mysticism of Tibet by John Blofeld (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1970). Xem chng 2, The Preliminaries (trang 147-168). (b) English introduction to The Autobiographical Reminiscences of Ngag-dbangdpal-bzang, Late Abbot of Kah-Thog Monastery by Gene Smith (Gangtok: Sonam T. Kazi, 1969). (c) The Short Preliminary Practice of Longchen Nyingthig by Kunkhyen Jigme Lingpa. Restructured by the fourth Dodrupchen Rinpoche (Mahasiddha Nyingmapa Center). (d) Tantric Practice in Nyingma by Khetsun Sangpo Rinbochay, tr. and ed. by Jeffrey Hopkins and Anna Klein (Snow Lion, 1982). (e) A Wondrous Ocean of Advice for the Practice of Retreatments in Solitude (Ri Ch Zhal gDams), tr. David Christensen. (London: Rigpa, 1987). (f) The Wish-Fulfilling Jewel: The Practice of Guru Yoga According to the Longchen Nyingthig Tradition (p. 108) by Dilgo Khyentse. Tr. By Knchog Tenzin (Boston: Shambhala Publications, 1988). (g) The Dzogchen Innermost Essence Preliminary Practice by Jigme Lingpa. Tr. with commentary by Tulku Thondup (Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, 1989). (h) Kun-zang La-may Zhal-lung, The Preliminary Practices. Vol. I & II. Tr. By Sonam T. Kazi. (Diamond-Lotus Publishing, 1989) (i) EL. See chap. 8, Entering into the Path (sPyod Yul Lam Khyer).

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(j) The Assemblage of Vidydharas (Rig Dzin Dus Pa) of Longchen Nyingthig, tr. Tulku Thondup (Dodrupchen Rinpoche, 1991). (k) The Queen of Great Bliss (Yum-Ka bDe Chen rGyal Mo) of Longchen NyingThig, tr. Tulku Thondup (Dodrupchen Rinpoche, 1991). (l) Tibetan Buddhism: Reason and Revelation, ed. Steven D. Goodman and Ronald M. Davidson (SUNY, Albany, 1992). See chap. 8, Rig-dzinJgs-med gling-pa and the kLong-Chen sNying-Thig, pp.133-146. (m) NTB. See [Life of] Jigme Lingpa, vol. 1, pp. 835-840. (n) The Words of my Perfect Teacher (Kunzang Lamai Shelung) by Paltrl Rinpoche, tr. Padmakara Translation Group (HarperCollins, 1994). (o) Meeting the Great Bliss Queen by Anne Klein (Boston: Beacon, 1994). (p) Enlightened Journey: Buddhist Practice as Daily Life by Tulku Thondop, ed. Harold Talbott (Boston: Shambhala Publications, 1995). See chaps. 10 & 12, The Meditation of Ngndro and Receiving the Four Empowerments of Ngndro Meditation. (q) Dancing moon, Dkin Talk: The Secret Autobiography of Jigme Lingpa by Janet Gyatso (forthcoming from Princeton Univ. Press). (r) Fearless Vision by Stephen D. Goodman (forthcoming from Rangjung Yeshe). 57. KR 126a/1, NGR 35b/3. 58. DP 5b/1. 59. BC 1a/1. 60. Theo LRP 238a/1&243a/3, KKZ 283a/4-285b/3 v nhng tc phm khc, Manjushrmitra l o s Nyingthig chnh ca Shrsimha. Nhng Shrsimha cng nhn Khandro Nyingthig v nhng gio l khc t Garab Dorje v trc tip trao truyn chng cho Guru Rinpoche. V th Longchen Nyingthig, l tinh ty ca Nyingthig lc ban u, c Garab Dorje trao truyn cho Shrsimha cng nh n qua dng truyn tha ca Garab Dorje, Manjushrmitra, Shrsimha, v v.v.. 61. c Vua l Vua Trisong Detsen, cc Thn dn l 24 (hay 25) t chnh ca Guru Rinpoche. ngi H tr l Yeshe Tsogyal, phi ngu ca Guru Rinpoche. 62. sTon Khor dGongs Pa gChig Pa. 63. sTon Khor dGongs Pa dByer Med Tu Gyur Pa. 64. c tm tt t TDD 235b/4. 65. Tiu s ny c da trn NLC 45a/6 v cng da trn PKD 17a/4, TRL 7a/4, KGT I 565/20, DKG 4 8b/6, LNG 60a/4. 66. Ti phc hi cc thut ng ting Phn cho nhiu t Ty Tng, theo cc dch gi hin i. Tuy nhin, c th c mt s t khng chnh xc, bi c th c nhiu thut ng ting Phn. 67. KBZ 283 a/2: Me Tog gSal (Hoa Chi li), c th l tn ca c trc khi c xut gia. Ngoi ra BND 21a/5 a ra Varani (hay Barani), KNR 112/3 Prarani, v SKK I 390/2 Praharani. 68. BND 21a/4, KNR 112/3: Dha he na ta lo, c th l tn ca vua, bi Uparja l mt ta . DKG 48b/6: Uparja hay Dharmshoka. SKK I 390/2: Dharma Ashoka. 69. SKK I 390/2. 70. Theo BND 21b/2, KBZ 283a/5, KNR 112/11, SKK I 390/3, s c c nhng gic m k diu v i ti mt ci h tm. mt ha thn ca Vajrapni (Kim Cng Th) trong thn tng ca mt con ngng, cng vi bn con ngng khc, h xung cnh s c v chm ci m ca n vo tim ca s c ba ln, v c nhn thy mt ch HM bng nh sng tan vo c. Khi Garab Dorje sinh ra gia nhng iu huyn diu, v h tr cc tantra i Vin mn trong k c ca ngi, cc v tri v ngi nh du s kin ny bng li tn thn v s h lc. Nhng ngun mch ny khng cp ti vic m ngi t b ngi.

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71. Theo PKD 18a/1, DKG 49b/1, SKK I 390/9, 394/6, LNG 62a/6 v nhng tc phm khc, Prahevajra nhn nhng trao truyn t Vajrasattva, v theo LRP 237a/6, BND 22a/1, v KBZ 283b/6, ngi nhn nhng gio l t Vajrapni. C mt v B Tt tn l Vajrapni, nhng y l c Pht Vajrapni (De bZhin gShegs Pa Phyag Na rDo rJe), l ng cng c gi l Php Vng (Sui ngun) ca Tm yu B mt (gSang Bai bDag Po). 72. Ni chung, Dur Khrod (m a hay bi ha thiu) l mt ni linh thing, ch yu l ni ha thiu, chn ct, hay vt b. Nhng khng phi l l do khin nhng bi t c bit ny tr nn quan trng. M a th trn y ngha. N l ni chm dt bn ng v kt thc vic bm luyn v tham mun i vi thn xc v cuc i. l ni chuyn ha ci gi l cc hin tng tiu cc nh t nhin v l ni bung b ni s hi v ganh ght. Nu qu v c NLC, LRP, TRL, v LG vit v lch s ca Nyingthig, qu v s thy l nhng ni ny c sc mnh v nng lc t nhin v tm linh. Chng tht khng khip, y nhng tinh linh lang thang v qu ma lng sc, nhng t thi c v mi, nhng con sng mu, nhng ngn thc c hi, v nhng d th e da tnh mng ca ta. Nhng chng cng l nhng ni chn h lc ca s c tch yn bnh, nhng rng cy vui ti, nhng a hoa n, cy tri h, nhng n chim ca ht, nhng con s t v cp thun tnh, khng gian bao la rng ln, cao rng nh gia mt tri, mt trng, v nhng v sao, m khng c nhng h thng hay tiu chun c hnh thnh, thot khi nhng phng dt hay nhng hn ch. l ni cc i dng dka v dkin c hnh nhng ba tic trang trng. Ting rng ca nhng bi Php vang ng khp ni, v nh sng ta chiu t nim vui su xa ca s h lc v khong t. Nh vy, nhng m a ny l nhng a im ca nng lc, sc mnh, v tinh thn, c tch cc ln tiu cc, l ni cn thit mt hnh gi kh hnh chuyn ha thnh sc mnh b mt v nng lc gii thot. 73. LRP 238a/1 & 243a/3, KBZ 285b/3. 74. TRL 9b/3, LRP 238a/1. 75. DCS 16b/1 19b/2. 76. Tiu s ny c da trn NLC 52a/4, v cng da trn LNG 62b/5, KBZ 284a/2, PKD 12a/2, 18b/1, DKG 49b/2, KGT 567/3 v KNR 113/21. 77. KBZ 284a/2, tn ca thn ph ngi: bDe sKyong v tn ca thn mu ngi: Kuhana, v ngi gp Garab Dorje Oddiyna. PKD 12a/2: Tn ca thn ph ngi: Sdhushastr. KNR 113/22: tn ca thn ph ngi: dPal lDan sKyong v tn ca thn mu ngi: Kuhana, v ngi gp Garab Dorje ti Oddiyna. 78. BND 24a/4, KBZ 285a/3. 79. Tht kh hiu c loi nm ny c ngha l g. C hai vn : (a) C mt truyn thng tnh mi su thng l mt nm, c da trn mt tin trnh (bGrod Pa, Phn: ayana) ca mt tri. Khi mt tri di chuyn t phng nam sang phng bc, l trn tin trnh phng bc ca n; khi n di chuyn t bc qua nam, l trn tin trnh phng nam ca n. (b) Ngoi ra, nhiu o s c xa t c s trng th v sng nhiu th k, nhiu v trong thn nh sng v thm ch mt s v sng trong thn hu hoi ca mnh. 80. DCS 19b/2-23b/6. 81. LNG 65a/6. 82. Tiu s ny c da trn NLC 55b/1, v cng c da trn PKD 19a/5, LNG 65b/1, TRL 9b/1, KBZ 285b/1, v KGT 569-I. 83. KBZ 285b/1 v TRL 9b/2: Hastibhala. LNG 65b/1: tn ca thnh ph l Sho Khyam v tn ca v Thy l Haribhala. KNR 117/15: tn thnh ph l Zho Sha; tn thn ph l Vua Gru Khyer, v tn thn mu l Nan Ka. 84. PKD 19b/1, LNG 65b/5, KNR 117/21, TRL 9b/5: Bhelakrti. NLC 56/5: Bilekiti.

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85. LRP 238a/1 & 243a/3, KBZ 285b/3. 86. TRL 9b/3, LRP 238a/1, BND 55a/1-66b/4. 87. DCS 23b/6-47a/4. 88. Tiu s ny c da trn NLC 60a/2, v cng da trn PKD 20a/2, LGN 66b/5, DKG 51a/2, KGT 568/12 v KNR 118/25. 89. KNR 119/1: Tn ca thn ph l Apardajana, v tn ca thn mu l rGya mTsho Ma. 90. Mt s ngi ngh rng Li Nepal, nhng hu ht cc hc gi cho rng n l Khotan, hin nay l Xinjiang Trung quc. Tuy nhin, KNR 162/24 ni n l Jang thuc tnh Yunnan (Vn Nam) ca Trung quc. 91. KGT 570/1: Ba Sing. 92. DCS 27b/4-30a/3. (Cng xem BM 70/14.) 93. Tiu s ny c da trn NLC 60a/1, 68a/6 v cng da trn LGN 66b/4, 68a/2, 107b/6, DKG 52a/1, KNR 119/8, 200/20, KGT 568/11, 570/2, 572/3, v PKD 20a/2, 96b/3. 94. DKG 52a/4. KGT 570/2: nh sng hin ra. 95. LNG 68a/4: sNang Byed. NLC 63/6: Srod Byed. 96. LNG 68b/4: Bhirya. NLC 70b/5: Bi rGyal. 97. PKD 97a/1: Vimalamitra ban cc gio l Nyingthig B mt Thm su cho nm t: Vua Trisong Detsen, Thi t Mu-ne Tsepo, Nyang Tingdzin Zangpo, Kawa Paltsek, v Chok-ro Li Gyaltsen. 98. Tiu s ny c da trn LNG 46a/6, 78a/6, YM 19, LRP 238b/1, RBP 6b/4-34b/4, KNR 22b/10-140b/3, 150-178, GRL 10b/2, LG, KGT I-596/18-60223, v nhng bn vn khc. 99. YM 81a/4. 100. Nhng truyn thng n c, k c Pht gio, chp nhn bn cch sinh ra: tng sanh, thp sanh, non sanh, v sanh tinh khit (ha sanh), l mt cch sanh ra tc th, chng hn nh sinh t mt hoa sen. 101. Trong lch s Pht gio Mt tha c nhiu Vua Indrabhti. c th l mt ci tn ph thng i vi hong tc; hay ngoi ra l tn ca mt dng vng gi. Tuy nhin, theo YM 19a/6, ngi l Indrabhti nh ca Oddiyna. 102. TRL 18a/2. 103. Bn Tr minh vng c da trn DD 58a/4. 104. Tuy nhin, theo NG 9a/1 v LY 375/15, Sahor l ni no gn thnh ph Bangalpur cc bang Bengal v Bihar ca n . 105. NFH II-36 (488): l hang ng Haileshi, gn th trn Rumjitar Qun Sagarmatha, Nepal. 106. V mt thnh cng th tr minh vng cn d nghip v tr minh vng kim sot c i sng u ngang nhau. Khng nht thit phi t c mi cp ci ny sau ci kia. Nu qu v l ngi h cn, qu v s thnh tu cp u tin, v sau i ti tr minh vng th ba. Nu qu v l ngi c cn c kh hn, qu v c th thnh tu cp th hai v tin ti cp th ba. Nhng hy nh rng Guru Rinpoche ang hin l l mt ngi sng m trn con ng ny. 107. YM 24a/1, PKG 602/26. KGT I-87/14: dBang-Poi sDe hay Grags-Pa. Xem GK 42/3 i vi Grags Pai rGyal mTsan. 108. LG 204b/3, LRP 243a/3. 109. Xem LNG 50b/4, NFH II-37 (n. 494), v GP 203/21. 110. Nin i c da trn DPM 96b/2. 111. KD 232/10. 112. WO (Anh ng: HTT). 113. TRL 44b/3.

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114. RBP 17a/4, LNG 84a/2. 115. Nin i c da trn DPM 163b/1. 116. SLD 52a/4. 117. YM 112a/2. 118. GDG 173/8. 119. Tuy nhin, mt vi tiu s ca Guru Rinpoche m ti c khng cp ti thi gian v a im ngi hin l s thnh tu bn cng vic h tr tr tu, ngoi vic ni rng ngi ang h tr tr tu ca s thnh tu t nhin Zangdok Palri (RBP 14b/2). Ngoi ra cng c ghi chp l Dodrupchen vit (DD trang 60a/1) rng ta c th trc tip thm nhp Pht qu sau trng thi ca tr minh vng th ba hay thm ch sau cc thnh tu lc ban u. 120. RT 356/11. 121. Nhng tiu s ny c da trn RBP 31b/1. 122. Nhng tiu s ny c da trn KNR 146/2, 165/19 v RBP 15a/4. 123. Cc nin i c da trn DPM 18b/5 v DPM 69a/3. 124. S lng, tn, v thm nin ca h c da trn DPM 154b/1, KNR 164/5, v LNG 84a/2. 125. YM 70a/3, 77a/5, PGG 67/14, DPM v RBP 17a/6. 126. Cc tiu s ny c da trn RBP 18a/2, LNG 146a/4 v YM 68a/6. 127. Tiu s ny c da trn RBP 23a/3, DKG 54a/1 v LNG 93b/4. 128. LRB 5a/6. 129. Tiu s ny c da trn TT v cng da trn DKG 95a/6 108a/3, LNG 119b/3 138a/2, v TRL 48b/2. 130. Hay Sangphu Nethok. l trung tm tu hc quan trng nht trong thi i ca Longchen Rabjam. N c thnh lp bi Ngok Lekpe Sherap, mt t ca o s v i Atsha x n vo nm 1073. Ngok Lo Loden Sherap (1059-1109) v Chapa Chseng (1109-1169) ging dy . Trung tm ny sn sinh nhiu tr tu v i ca Ty Tng. 131. Theo Truptha Dz, l gSer Yig Chan, gYu Yig Chan, Tung Yig Chan, v Zangs Yig Chan. 132. NLC 13a/5 v DKG 98b/4. 133. NT 69b/2. 134. NTS 57a/3. 135. YS 4a/6. 136. DO 132b/5. 137. LG 136b/6. 138. Di y l tn v miu t ngn gn cc tc phm chnh ca Longchen Rabjam c Zhechen Rabjam Gyurme Knzang Namgyal Nh (1713-1769) a ra trong Ngo mTshar gTam Gyi Gling Bu: A. Dzdn (By Kho tng) bao gm by bn vn chnh: 1. Yizhin Rinpoche Dz (Kho tng Nh ) trong hai mi hai chng. l mt bn tm lc ca ton b lnh vc Pht gio, v ging dy cch nghin cu, phn tch, v thin nh v Pht gio i tha. i km theo l Pema Karpo, mt bnh ging chi tit, v Zabdn Dorje Nyingpo, mt tc phm ging v cch thc hnh n. 2. Men-ngak Rinpoche Dz (Kho tng cc Gio hun) l mt lun thuyt s dng nhng chui khc nhau gm su thnh phn tm tt ton b Kinh in v Mt in Pht gio, v ging dy tinh ty ca con ng v qu ca Dzopa Chenpo. 3. Chying Rinpoche Dz (Kho tng Php gii Ti thng) trong mi ba chng vi Lungki Terdz, bnh ging ca n. l mt trnh by cc gio

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l su xa v rng ln v nn tng, con ng, v qu ca Semde, Longde, v Mengagde (hay ch yu l Longde) ca i Vin mn. 4. Truptha Rinpoche Dz (Kho tng cc Quan im Hc thuyt) c tm chng. l mt trnh by cc quan im trit hc khc nhau ca tt c cc yna (tha) ca kinh in v bn tantra (Mt in) ca Pht gio. 5. Thekchok Rinpoche Dz (Kho tng Tha Siu vit) c hai mi lm chng. N lm sng t ngha ca mi by tantra v mt trm mi chn lun thuyt ging hun thuc gio kha Me-ngagde ca i Vin mn. N trnh by mt phm vi rng ln ca Pht php, t cch th trong v Thy tuyt i hin l nh ba thn Pht cho ti vic t c kt qu cui cng thnh tu t nhin ca con ng Dzopa Chenpo. 6. Tsikton Rinpoche Dz (Kho tng Php ng v ngha) c mi mt chng. l mt bn tm tt ca Thekchok Rinpoche Dz ging ngha nhng im trng yu ca vic thc hnh. N bt u bng mt s m t nn tng v kt thc bng kt qu, trng thi gii thot ti thng. 7. Neluk Rinpoche Dz (Kho tng Bn tnh Ti thng) c nm chng. Vi bnh ging ca n, n gii thch ngha ti thng ca ba phm tr i Vin mn. B. Ngalso Korsum (Ba Gio kha v vic Ngh ngi trong Bn tnh Ti thng) gm c mi lm lun thuyt: ba bn vn gc, ba bn tm tt c gi l cc trng hoa, ba bnh ging c gi l cc tha, v ba gio hun v vic thc hnh: 1. Semnyi Ngalso (Ngh ngi trong Bn tnh Ti thng ca Tm), bn vn gc c mi ba chng, ging ngha mi phng din ca con ng, lc bt u, khong gia, v lc cui ca cc gio l Kinh in v Mt in. Km theo n l Ngedn Shingta Chenmo, mt bnh ging v bn vn gc, gm hai quyn; Knde Trengwa, mt bn tm tt ( tht lc); Pema Karp Trengwa, mt bn tm tt ca ba bnh ging; v Changchup Lamzang, mt lun thuyt hng dn vic thc hnh. 2. Gyuma Ngalso (Ngh ngi trong Bn tnh Huyn ha), c tm chng, l mt gio hun v vic ct t nhng s tri buc ca s tham luyn nh phng php ca tm v d v nhng xut hin huyn ha. i km theo n l Mandare Trengwa, mt bn tm tt, Shingta Zangpo, bnh ging, v Yizhin Norbu, lun thuyt hng dn vic thc hnh. 3. Samten Ngalso ( Ngh ngi trong Thin nh), c ba chng, gii thch con ng thin nh su xa, tr tu t nhin t-hin hu. Km theo n l Pundarke Trengwa, mt bn tm tt, Shingta Namdak, mt bnh ging, v Nyingpo Chd, lun thuyt hng dn vic thc hnh. Ngoi ra cn c Lekshe Gyatso, mt cng ca Ngalso Korsum, v Pema Tongden, mt danh mc ni dung. C. Cc bn vn Rangtrl Korsum (Ba Gio kha v s Gii thot T nhin) l lun ging ngha v gio hun Semde, v mi bn vn c ba chng ging ngha nn tng, con ng, v qu: 1. Semnyi Rangtrl vi Lamrim Nyingpo, gio hun ngha. 2. Chnyi Rangtrl vi Yizhin Nyingpo, gio hun ngha. 3. Nyam-nyi Rangtrl vi Rinchen Nyingpo, gio hun ngha. D. Yangtig Namsum (Ba Lun thuyt v Tinh ty Su xa) bao gm nhng im trng yu ca gio l b mt Me-ngagde, gio kha Nyingthig ca Dzopa Chenpo: 1. Lama Yangtig (hay Yangzap Yizhin Norbu) gm c ba mi lm lun ging. N c ng v gii thch cc gio l bao la gm bn quyn sch

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(Seryigchen, Yu-yigchen, Tung-yigchen, v Zang-yigchen cng vi Trayigchen) ca Vima Nyingthig v mt trm mi chn lun thuyt ca cc gio hun. 2. Khandro Yangtig gm c nm mi lm lun thuyt. Nhng gio l ny do Longchen Rabjam tit l nh nhng phn b tc v lun ging v Khandro Nyingthig, c ha thn i trc ca ngi khm ph. 3. Zabmo Yangtig l mt lun ging chi tit v Vima Nyingthig v Khandro Nyingthig. 139. Tiu s ny c da trn LYN, v cng da trn DSC, TCG, NTG, KNR 635/16, LNG 310b/2, PKD 124b/5, RD 6b/6, RBP 219a/3, NN, v KKR 40b/2. 140. LK 101a/1. 141. LYN 7a/1 v nhng gio l khc xc nhn Khyentse Wangpo, mt ha thn ca Jigme Lingpa, l v th mi ba. 142. KS. Xem KNN. 143. LYN 9a/3. 144. Xem KNR 582/20 i vi tiu s ca ngi. 145. KNR 638/15. LNG 311a/4: Thang Brog dBon Padma mChog Grub. 146. Sao chp Kinh in, cng dng, b th, nghe gio l, ghi nh gio l, tng c Kinh in, ging Php, c li cu nguyn, v suy ngh v ngha ca Php v thin nh v n. 147. Lm an bnh (tc tai), to s thnh vng (tng ch), hng phc, v knh i. 148. LYN 42a/4. 149. LYN 44a/6. 150. LYN 45a/2. 151. LYN 46b/1. 152. NYR 68b/5. 153. NYR 69b/2. 154. KZ38b/1, KNR 724/17: ngi cng c gi l Trati Ngakchang. 155. KNR 638/2. 156. LYN 209b/2. 157. LYN 82b/5. 158. Mt khal l hai mi tre v mt tre l khong hai panh (1 panh= 0,58 lt [Anh] v 0, 47 lt [M]. 159. LYN 118b/4. 160. l DKG. 161. LYN 164a/5. 162. GL 21a/1, LYN 168b/5. 163. Theo GNP 93/4. 164. LYN 191b/2, DGN 70b/5, GL 65b/5. 165. KZ 33a/1 & 39a/2, KNR 641/24, 725/7. 166. Nin i c da trn TKT 273/3. 167. Nin i c da trn SB, TKT, v LS. V tiu s Zhapkar (Shabkar), xin c LS. 168. LYN 220a/2. 169. KNR 725/1, KZ 38b/1, NPG 9a/5. 170. LYN 240b/6. 171. DB 6b/4. 172. NGR 57b/1. 173. NTG 3b/6. 174. KKR 42b/1. 175. KNR 724/19, KZ 38b/1, LYN 80b/5. 176. KNR 644/8.

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177. LYN 203a/6. 178. LYN 204a/3, NTG 4a/5, KGT-I, 350/19. B lm Hong hu 1790-1798. Chng b l Vua Sawang Zangpo (hay Kun-Grub bDe dGa bZang Po), tr v 1768-1790. Nam t ca b l Vua Tsewang Dorje Rigdzin (cn c gi l Byams Pa Kun dGa Sangs rGyas bsTan Pai rGyal mTshan). 179. LYN 105a/6 180. LYN 202a/1. 181. LYN 171b/1. Ba vin x li ny c gi trong mt giy eo c ca Dzogchen Rinpoche tam. 182. Tiu s ny c da trn DGN. Ti cng da trn KNR 644/14 646/23, KZ, RBP 223a/6-225b/3, PKD 127a/3-127b/5, PJM, DN, CN, PM, DZT, v DB. 183. LK 125b/2. 184. Tsampa l bt la mch nng, l thc phm chnh Ty Tng. 185. Nhng t tng ny khng c trong t truyn m c thut li. 186. Theo Kyala Khenpo ca Tu vin Dodrupchen. 187. RBP 224a/2. 188. LYN 164a-164b. 189. LYN 165b/5-166a/4. 190. GL 29a/5. 191. NTG 3b/6. 192. DD 7b/5: dGe rTse bSod Nams bsTan Dzin Nam Jigs Med Ngo mTshar. 193. LYN 191a/3. 194. PM 8a/2. 195. GD 72a/4. 196. DGN 74a/6. 197. DGN 74b/5. 198. DGN 75b/1, ch thch cui trang trong KNR 641, RBP 224a/6, PJM 11/14. 199. LYN 204a/4. 200. LYN 204a/2, 205a/2, KNR 644/6, GL 93a/4. Sau ny, Getse Lama Snam (Punya) Tendzin (cn gi l Jigme Ngotsar) sng y. 201. LYN 222a/6. 202. SB 28b/6, 455a/3: Zhapkar Tsoktruk Rangtrl nhn s trao truyn Longchen Nyingthig t Lakha Drupchen. 203. Xem LST 270a/3. 204. DGN 100b/5. 205. LYN 220b/1. 206. SB 28b/6 v TKT 272/12, 19: Lakha Drupchen v Zhapkar Tsoktruk Rangtrl cng c Arik Geshe cho th gii xut gia nm 1801. 207. Theo Khenpo Chyak ca Tu vin Shukchung. 208. DZT 5b/5, DB a/12. 209. Hai v sau cng c lit k trong PM 9a/4. 210. PJM 14b/4. 211. Hng dn vo NGR 12 ca E. Gene Smith v NTB, ch thch 1153, quyn 2. 212. CN 7a/2. 213. Ngy nay Tu vin Yarlung ang c xy dng li di s hng dn ca Yarlung Tlku Tenpe Nyima, mt ha thn ca Dodrupchen Tam. 214. Dodrupchen kt thc t truyn ca ngi nm 1813. 215. TTR 149b/6. 216. GL 124a/1. 217. KZ 90a/5. 218. KZ 93b/1.

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219. KZ 107a/4. Theo RBP ngi mt lc na m vo ngy 13. 220. LST 270a/3. 221. KZ 107a/6. 222. SM 1b/2. 223. DZT 5a/5, DB 12a/1. 224. NGR 13b/2. 225. LK 125b/5. 226. MG 15a. 227. NGR 57a/4. 228. LS 558/3: Lo-de cng c gi l Chingkarwa Tn-y Dorje, mt v Thy v t ca Zhabkar. Ha thn ca ngi l Trlzhik Knzang Thongtrl ca Do-ngak Ling, ha thn i trc ca Trlzhik Rinpoche hin ti, Ngawang Chkyi Lodr (sinh nm 1924), hin an tr ti Nepal. 229. GN 44b/2. 230. TL 3a/3. 231. Ha thn ca Sherap Mebar (xem DZT 17b/3) l Do Rinpoche Tri-me Trakpa, m ha thn l Do Rinpoche Zilnn Gyepa Dorje (1890-1939), nam t ca Rikpe Raltri, con trai ca Do Khyentse. 232. Tiu s ny ch yu da trn GL v cng da trn NGR, DNK v DGN. 233. GL 9a/1, 113b/1, KNR 889/17, 900/2. 234. NGR 61a/3, GL 63b/1. NGR ni rng s kin ny xy ra Tsri, nhng GL ni n xy ra trong n tht Ogyen Ling. 235. GL 65a/1. 236. NGR 62a/2. 237. ON. 238. l KBZ. 239. Khng c tiu s vit tay da vo. Hu ht lch s truyn khu c da trn nhng iu nghe c t Kyala Khenpo, nu khng th c biu th. 240. GL 112b/4. 241. GL 138b/1. 242. Tiu s ny c da trn TTR 145a/5-156a/3, DL 98-112, PDK 209b/2-210a/4, KNR 819, RB 208-213 v nhng truyn thng khu truyn ch yu t Kyala Khenpo. 243. Tiu s ny c da trn KZ, v cng da trn SNG, BDL, DGN, v GL. 244. LNY 176a/5. 245. Ti nghe ni v s kin ny t Kyala Khenpo, ngi nhn thy cc du tch. 246. Ti nghe hai cu chuyn ny t Kyala Khenpo. 247. Ti thng c mt mu roi da ny. 248. KZ 194b/3, TTR 1167a/4. 249. PKD 127b/4 v mt vi truyn thng khu truyn. 250. DZT 5a/5, DB 12a/1. 251. Ti khng th tm thy tiu s no ca Kenchen Pema Dorje. 252. Tiu s ny c da trn DZT v DB. 253. NGR 15b/1. 254. Tiu s ny c da trn DN v PJM. Bi khng c nhiu ti liu vit v cuc i ca ngi nn c mt vi thng tin, ti ch yu da trn truyn thng khu truyn. 255. GL 167b/4. 256. KZ 137b/4. 257. Zas l hin tng huyn b nhng rt ph thng Ty Tng v c Golok. Hin tng ny c v ging hin tng a bay Ty phng. Khng c bo co v ngun gc ca h, nhng h c miu t l nhng chng sinh huyn b c nh

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sng chi ngi. Ngi Ty Tng tin rng Zas l mt trong v s loi chng sinh trong v tr. Trong s h c c nhng bc linh thnh ln nhng k c hi.. 258. Tiu s ny c da trn NUG, JKT, RBP 185a/4-195a/1, LNG 320b/1-328b/1, v PKD 248a/2-260b/4. 259. DB 6b/4. 260. WJ 92/22. 261. Theo DNK, ngi mt nm by mi hai tui, v theo NRG th ngi trong rng Ari vo nhng nm 1850 v mt vo nm trc nm Dn. thi im no sau khi Lungtok mt, Ngawang Palzang hai mi chn tui vo nm 1907, v th nin i ca Lungtok hn phi l 1830-1901. 262. Tiu s ny c da trn NGR 12a/4 v cng da trn DNK. 263. Tiu s ny c da trn DB v cng da trn NGR. 264. Tiu s ny c da trn DNK 4.18-4.22 v NGR 98b/6-99b/4. 265. Tiu s ny c da trn nhng ti liu khu truyn t Kyala Khenpo, Khenpo Chyak, v nhng v khc. 266. Pramnavrttika, Vinayastra, Abhidharmakosha, Abhisamaylamkra, v Madyamakvatra. 267. EL 114/28. 268. Tng thut ny do cc hc tr ca ngi chun b v cho thy h nh s kin g. 269. Tiu s ny c da trn nhng tng thut khu truyn ca Kyala Khenpo v trn DN, DJN 11-18, v ZL. 270. Sarma c ngha l Tn Tantra hay nhng mn ca gio l Tn Mt tha. Nyingma theo Cu Tantra, v tt c nhng trng phi khc ca Ty tng l nhng mn ca Tn Tantra. 271. PK 242b/2. 272. NYG 152b/6. 273. GRT 9a/4. 274. Janet Gyatso, Trong Tm Gng K c (Albany: SUNY,1992). c mt cuc tho lun v mt vi vn trong bn vn ny, xem trang 173-213. 275. Kindness, Clarity, and Insight (Thin tm, Quang minh, v Ni qun) ca c t Lai Lt Ma th Mi bn. (Snow Lion 1984). c mt lun ging da trn quyn ny v nhng bn vn khc ca Dodrupchen, xem Union of the Old and New Translation School (s Hp nht ca Trng phi Cu v Tn Dch thut) trang 200-224. 276. V bn dch v bnh ging, xem HTT. 277. c mt bn dch, xem EL (trang 117-129); c cc bnh ging, xem Transforming Problems into Happiness (Chuyn ha cc Vn thnh Hnh phc) ca Lama Thubten Zpa Rinpoche (Boston: Wisdom, 1993) v Healing Power of Mind (Nng lc Cha lnh ca Tm) ca Tulku Thondup (sp xut bn). 278. Mc d nin i bn vn ca ngi da trn k c th mun hn tc phm cng ca Guhyagarbha, bn vn da trn k c c vit sm hn. 279. Tiu s ny c da trn NB. 280. Theo BD IV 528-530, b sinh nm 1841 (Kim Ngu) v mt nm 1940, v theo CY 130/2, b sinh nm Mc Ngu, 1852 (nhng Mc Ngu l 1865, khng phi 1852, l nm Thy T). Theo LS 571, nin i ca b l 1852-1953. Theo Li Ni u cho NB, b sinh nm 1853 (Thy Ngu) hoc 1865 (Mc Ngu). Tuy nhin, chnh b k li (NB 11a/4) rng b c hoi thai nm Thy T (1852) nhng sau ni r (NB 11b/3) rng b sinh nm Mc Ngu (1865), v theo Cham Wangmola Vin Lukhang, mt t thn thit ca Jestsun, b mt vo cui nm Thy Thn (1953). 281. NB 38b/2. Khi Pema Gyatso bn mi chn tui th Jetsun mi ba tui. 282. NB 46b/4

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283. NB 43a/3. 284. NB 106a/5, vo ngy mi by thng hai nm Kim Dn. 285. Tiu s ny c da trn DL 125-128. 286. Nin i ny c da trn MC. Tuy nhin, theo DB 40b/6, ngi sinh nm 1862, v theo NTB II-86/48 v LS XXV/40, nin i ca ngi l 1870-1940. 287. Tiu s ny c da trn MC. 288. Tiu s ny c da trn DK 1-35, cc truyn thng khu truyn, v nhng bng chng c tnh cch c nhn. Xem BM 140-144. 289. Tiu s ny c da trn NGR. 290. NGR 58a/5. 291. Tiu s ny c da trn nhng cuc phng vn cc t ca Alak Zenkar nht do Zenkar Rinpoche nh sp xp vi y thin tm. 292. Tiu s ny c da trn GRT 9a/3, NYG, CD, v RB 238-257. 293. Mc d GRT 9a/3 ni nm Th Thn, NYG 51a/5 ni l nm Kim Thn, 28. 294. Mc d GRT 10a/3 v NYG 52b/4 ni Thy Ngu, NYG 52a/4 cng a ra tui ba mi ba, v th, hn phi l nm Mc Ngu, bi n ph hp vi thi gian. 295. Tiu s ny c da trn BD IV 703-712 v NO 129-141. 296. Theo cc ngun khc, 10 v 14. 297. Tiu s ny c da trn nhng ngun khu truyn v nhng s kin c tc gi chng kin. 298. SMM 552/7. 299. Tiu s ny c da trn DN, nhng ngun khu truyn, v nhng s kin c tc gi chng kin. 300. Mt s ngi tin rng Jamyang Zhepa ng l mt ha thn ca Dodrupchen. 301. Ngi l mt trong hai tlku duy nht trong ton b min Golok m nhng v c thm quyn xc nhn nm 1993. Ngi cn li tlku ca Shangza (tlku ca thn mu ngi Je Tsongkhapa) ti Arik Ragya Gn, mt tu vin Gelukpa. 302. Tiu s ny c da trn DJN 48-64, DN, SCG, nhng ngun khu truyn, v nhng s kin do tc gi chng kin. 303. Xem ch thch 257. 304. Mt con vt lai ging gia mt con b c v mt con dri (b yak ci). 305. bDag Ni Byang Chub Mi Phyed Pa 306. NYG 51b/3. 307. Kh c th xc quyt c ngha thc s ca nhng dng ny l g, nhng chng c th c biu th: Dng u tin - ni v vic cc lc lng cch mng n tu vin t phng nam. Dng th hai ni v vic xy dng hai con ng mi chy v hng Lhasa: mt dc theo cao nguyn pha bc ca min ng Ty Tng, v con ng kia chy dc hm ni pha nam ca n. Dng th ba ni v nhng ging iu thay i ca s tuyn truyn chnh tr. Mi dng cui cng ni v vic Dodrupchen c tr Sikkim, n . Ni chung, mc y phc-khng trung c ngha l hoc mc y phc mu xanh dng hoc trn tri. y thut ng c th m ch Drukpa (ngi Bhutan). Druk c ngha l rng, trong truyn thng ng phng l mt sinh vt huyn b sng gia nhng m my trong khng trung v v th mc y phc-khng trung, v Rinpoche c hng trm t ngi Bhutan ti tu vin ca ngi Sikkim. 308. ZL 2a/3 v nhng ngun khc. 309. Hn mt ngn nm trc, Guru Rinpoche tin on cc nguy him m ngi Ty Tng phi i mt trong nhng thp k gn y v khuyn h o thot ti nhng ni no , nhng x s n du. Sikkim (Dremo Jong, Thung lng Go) l mt trong nhng a im chnh yu m ngi ni r trong nhng tin tri .

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310. Kyabje Ddjom Rinpoche (1903-1987) t Kongpo ti Sikkim v ban nhiu gio l. Kyabje Trlzhik Pawo Minyak n t Kongpo, sng nhiu nm v mt ti Sikkim nm 1960. V th n c th m ch mt trong hai ngi. 311. Cc Dodrupchen l nhng ha thn ca Thi t Murum Tsepo v Sangye Lingpa. 312. T mt bn tho chp tay ca Tak-rong Gyurme Trakpa (?-1975). 313. NYG 181a/3. 314. Tn ca nhng v Thy v t ca cc ngi trong cy truyn tha theo mt dng ph hp vi thi i ca cc ngi. Tuy nhin, i vi nhiu v ti ch c th on tui ca cc ngi. 315. Cc du hoa th sau cc tn biu th rng v Thy l mt ngi nhn lnh v thm ch c th l ngi trao truyn gio l Longchen Nyingthig, nhng Longchen Nyingthig c th khng l thc hnh hay gio l chnh ca o s . 316. KNR 725/7, KZ 33a/1, 39a/2. 317. LYN 80b/5, 91a/3, KNR 726/18. 318. Ngi vit mt bnh ging v Yumka Dechen Gyalmo nm 1801. 319. LYN 173b/5, 204a/6. 320. LYN 126b/1, DGN 68a/6, SB 223a/3. 321. KNR 724/19, KZ 38b/1. 322. SB 10b/3, 411a/6. 323. KZ 81b/6. 324. DGN 65b/4, DL 70/6, KNR 801/21. 325. Ngi l v Thy gc ca Zhabkar Tsoktruk Rangtrl (1781-1851). 326. PKD 219b/1, KNR 919/18. 327. KZ 34b/3. 328. PKD 214b/2, KZ 34b/3, KNR 921/7. 329. CG 169b/4. Ngi l v Thy gc ca Kham-nyn Dharma Senge (Ra-gang Chpa, ?-1890). 330. DZT 17b/3, DB 37b/5. 331. Theo DB 6b/4. 332. Ngi l mt trong nhng v Thy gc ca Kyabje Ddjom Jigdral Yeshe Dorje (1904-1987) v ca Kanjur Rinpoche Longchen Yeshe Dorje (1888-1975). 333. Ngi l mt trong nhng v Thy gc ca Kyabje Ddjom Jigdral Yeshe Dorje (1904-1987). 334. Ngi l v Thy gc ca Lt ma Gnpo Tseten (?-1991) Labrang, Amdo. 335. Ngi l v Thy gc ca Gio s Namkhai Norbu (sinh nm 1938) Dege/Italy. 336. Ngi l mt t ca Alak Pema Rangtrol v l Thy gc ca Shuksep Jetsun (1865-1953). 337. Mt trong nhng trao truyn Kanjur ca Kyabje Ddjom Rinpoche n t Trakkar qua Tlku Ngetn Gyatso (?-1959) Tungkar, Thung lng Ser. 338. Ngi l v Thy gc ca Tertrl Chi-me Rigdzin (sinh nm 1922) Khordong. 339. Ngi l mt v Thy chnh ca Tarthang Choktrl Thupten Chkyi Dawa (18941959) v mt v Thy ca Khenpo Ngawang Palzang. 340. Cc v Thy chnh ca ngi l Kathok Situ nh (1880-1925) v Pema Norbu nh (1887-1932). 341. V Thy gc ca ngi l Zhechen Gyalsap Gyurme Pema Namgyal tam (18711926). 342. Ngi l v Thy gc ca Nyoshl Lama Jamyang Dorje (sinh nm 1926). 343. V Thy gc ca ngi l Choktrl Thupten Chkyi Dawa (1894-1959) ca Tu vin Tarthang. 344. V Thy gc ca ngi l Kongtrl Pema Trime Lodr (1901-1959?) ca Tu vin Zhechen.

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