Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2. The electricity sales from year 2010 onwards is forecasted by assuming an average economic growth of 6.2% and an average population growth of 1.17%.
It is anticipated that the sales for those years would not be constrained, as all of the power plants of the fast track program would have been already in operation. 3. Electrification ratio increase from 65% in 2009 to 91% by the end of 2019. 4. DSM program to shave and shift peak load has not been taken into account.
2
54 TWh 21 TWh
IB : 10.2%
JAVA-BALI SYSTEM
11 TWh
252 TWh 115 TWh
28 TWh
IT : 10,6%
JB : 8,97%
20 - 40 %
Kalbar 49,5%
Sulutenggo 51,2%
Sulteng 47,64%
NTB 29,9%
NTT 21,7%
3. However, development of renewables (especially geothermal and some hydro) is encouraged, by treating these as fixed plants prior to optimisation process.
4. Loss of Load Probability (LOLP) of <1 day/year is used as reliability criteria during planning process. The reserve margin is restricted within 35-50% range based on net dependable capacity. Rental power plants and excess power are not taken into account.
5
6.
7. 8.
1,258 936
890
4,000 3,000
413 3,461 2,896 5,141 3,329 2,282 4,699 3,178 1,479 1,440
1,738
IPP PLN
3,553
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
7
5. PLTU 2 Riau-Selat Panjang, 2x7MW, Bouwstead Maxitherm 6. PLTU Sumbar-Teluk Sirih, 2x212MW, Cons. CNTIC+Rekayasa Industri 7. PLTU Lampung-Tarahan Baru, 2x100MW, Jiangxi Electric Power Design Institute+Adhi Karya
PLTU 3 Babel-Bangka Baru, 2x30MW, Cons. Truba,+China Shanghai Group PLTU 4 Babel-Belitung 2x16,5MW, Cons. Shandong Machinery+Poeser Indonesia PLTU 1 Kalbar-Parit Baru, 2x50MW, Cons. Bumi Rama Nusantara+Altons PLTU 2 Kalbar-Bengkayang, 2x27,5MW, Cons. Guangdong Machinery+Wijaya Karya PLTU Kalsel-Asam Asam, 2x65MW, Cons. Chengda+Wijaya Karya
PLTU 1 Kalteng, Pulang Pisau, 2x60MW PLTU 1 NTB-Bima, 2x10MW, Guandong+Modaco Enersys+Angkasa Buana Cipta PLTU 2 NTB-Lombok,2x25MW, Barata Indonesia PLTU 1 NTT-Ende 2x7MW, Cons. Shandong Machinery+Rekadaya Elektrika PLTU 2 NTT-Kupang, 2x16,5MW, Shandong Mavhinery+Poeser Indonesia
9
18. PLTU Gorontalo, 2x25MW, Meta Epsi 19. PLTU 2 Sulut-Amurang, 2x25MW, Wijaya Karya 20. PLTU Sultra-Kendari, 2x10MW, Cons. Shangdong Machinery+Rekadaya Elektrika 21. PLTU Sulsel-Barru, 2x50MW, Cons. Hubei Hongyuan Engineering+Bagus Karya
10
Total Indonesia: coal plant 2,616 MW, hydro 1,174 MW, geothermal 4,733 MW and gas combined cycle 1,440 MW, totalling 9,963 MW.
The second phase of fast track program will consist of 3,649 MW of PLNs project and 6,314 MW of IPP project.
The 1,200 MW gas combined cycle in Java-Bali is Muara Tawar Add-On 2,3,4 project. This project is very strategic in that it will meet the future demand by the year 2011-2012, however the feasibility of the project will subject to gas supply availability.
The 1,000 MW hydro project in Java-Bali is Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage. This project is very strategic as it will serve as peaking unit to replace the role of oil fired plants.
Most geothermal projects will be IPP. To ensure the success of the projects within the time frame of the program (up to 2014), geothermal developers must take immediate project preparation and PLN must make immediate geothermal IPP procurement.
REGION
Steam Coal PP
(MW)
Combined Cycle PP
(MW)
Geo PP
(MW)
Hydro PP
(MW)
Total
(MW)
1.200
2.137
1.000
4.337
2.616
240
5.626
2.616 (26%)
1.440 (14%)
9.963 (100%)
KALIMANTAN
PLTU : 840 MW PLTGU : 120 MW
SULAWESI
PLTP : 195 MW PLTU : 418 MW
MALUKU
PLTP : 40 MW PLTU : 44 MW
PAPUA
PLTU : 114 MW
NTT
PLTP : 46 MW PLTU : 30 MW
TOTAL
PLTA PLTP PLTU PLTGU TOTAL : : : : : 1174 4733 2616 1440 9963 MW MW MW MW MW
JAMALI
PLTP : 2.137 MW PLTU : 0 MW PLTGU : 1.200 MW PLTA : 1.000 MW
NTB
PLTP :30 MW PLTU :70 MW
PLN Plant Steam Coal PP Combined Cycle PP Geothermal PP Hydro PP Total Capacity (MW) 380 1,440 655 1,174 3,649 Investment
(Million USD)
2008
2009 159
2010 127
2011 4
2012 329
2013 920
2014 606
2015 444
2017 60
2018 340
564 14 578
3,497 80 3,735
1,403 10 1,541
1,120 22 1,146
727
482
560
282
644
276
12
9,567 126
1,056
1,402
1,166
726
1,094
336
352
13,132
2011 2,000
2012 1,000
2013 4,000
2014 3,500
2015 3,000
2016 6,000
2017
4,036 90 6,126
3,570 90 4,660
3,480 80 7,560
3,330 80 6,910
16
Project Name
Transmisi 275 kV Sumatera (Payakumbuh Padangsidempuan) Transmisi 275 kV Rengat Garuda Sakti (220 km) Transmisi Sumatera-Jawa 500 kV HVDC
COD
Financing Plan
2012 Loan JICA 2014 unallocated 2016 USD 2,3 milyar, Loan JICA
UP TO 2019: : 181,000KMS 16,500 KMS/YEAR : 249,500KMS 22,700 KMS/YEAR : 35,000 MVA 3,200 MVA/YEAR : 27,4 MILION 2,5 MIO/YEAR
18
PLN INVESTMENT
Juta USD
8,000.0 7,000.0 6,000.0 5,000.0 4,000.0 3,000.0 2,000.0 1,000.0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
INVESTMENT PROJECTION UP TO 2019 : USD 64,7 BILLION, INCLUDING INVESTMENT FOR LIFE EXTENSION/REFURBI SHMENT EXISTING GENERATION, SPARE IBT
19
INVESTMENT PROJECTION UP TO 2019 : USD 83,0 BILLION OR USD 7,6 BILLION PER YEAR, INCLUDING INVESTMENT FOR LIFE EXTENSION/REFURBIS MENT EXISTING GENERATION, SPARE IBT
20
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
21
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
RESERVE MARGIN
29
34
41
39
33
36
35
35
22
SUMMARY
For the next 10 years
The average electricity demand would grow at 9.3%/year (Jawa-Bali 8.97%, West Indonesia 10.2% and East Indonesia 10.6%) Total additional generation capacity for Indonesia is 53,219 MW, consists of 32,636 MW of PLN projects and 20,583 MW of IPP projects
23
SUMMARY
Total investment needed for Gen + Trans + Dis is US$ 64,69 billion (PLN only) or US$ 82,99 billion (PLN+IPP).
Investment needed for PLN power plant projects alone is US$ 38,581 billion, and for IPP projects is US$ 18,31 billion.
24
SUMMARY
Some strategic generation projects:
CCGT Muara Tawar Add-on 2, 3, 4, 1,200 MW, commissioned in 2011-2012. Fast Track Generation Project 10,000 MW Phase 2 with total capacity of 11,355 MW year 2011-2014 (this figure might change due to recent governments will to promote more geothernal). Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage of 4x250 MW in 2014 (WB) CFPP Jawa Tengah Infrastruktur (IFC) 2x1,000 MW in 2014-2015.
CFPP mine mouth in Sumatera 6x600 MW in 2016-2017 (transferred to Java Bali system) CCGT LNG Bojanegara 3x750 MW in 2015-2017.
25
SUMMARY
Some strategic transmission projects:
HVDC transmission between Sumatera and Java in 2016. Sub-sea 150 kV Java-Bali circuit 3,4, 2010 Batam Bintan interconnected system using sub-sea 150 kV, 2010 275 kV transmission connecting West Kalimantan Serawak in 2011 500 kV Java-Bali Crossing from Paiton to Kapal/near Denpasar in 2015
26
(1)
INDUSTRI
BISNIS
RUMAH
SOSIAL/ PUBLIK
PLTGU
MW
MW
1650-2475
158-259 180-452 178-541 5-18
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
GAS (19%)
00
06
12
18
WBP
22
24
Waktu
WBP
Waktu
POLA PRODUKSI
POLA KONSUMSI
INDUSTRI
BISNIS
RUMAH
TRAFO STEP DOWN GARDU STEP DOWN
SOSIAL/ PUBLIK
SISTEM PEMBANGKIT
SISTEM TRANSMISI
SISTEM DISTRIBUSI
KONSUMEN
PT PLN (PERSERO)
Generation
150 kV / 500 kV
Saluran Udara Tegangan Extra Tinggi (SUTET) Saluran Udara Tegangan Tinggi (STET)
20 kV / 220 V
GI SUTET 500/150 kV. Transmisi 150 kV. GI 150 / 20 KV. Distribusi 20 kV. Trafo Distribusi 20 kV/220 V
500 kV / 150 kV
150 kV / 20 kV
Definisi Keandalan
Keandalan adalah suatu probabilitas kemampuan suatu peralatan atau sistem untuk dapat berfungsi sesuai dengan fungsi yang diinginkan selama jangka waktu yang ditetapkan[1]. Keandalan dari setiap peralatan atau sistem, tidaklah sama karena hal ini bergantung dari periode waktu dan fungsi yang ditetapkan. Dengan demikian keandalan dapat digunakan untuk membandingkan dan memprediksi kontinuitas kerja dan ketahanan kerja dari suatu peralatan atau sistem dengan peralatan atau sistem yang lain. Sistem adalah gabungan dari peralatan-peralatan yang disusun menurut pola tertentu dan secara komprehensif peralatan tersebut memiliki satu tujuan tertentu dimana keandalan dari suatu sistem distribusi ditentukan oleh keandalan dari masing-masing peralatan-peralatan yang membentuk suatu sistem. Sedangkan yang dimaksud dengan analisa keandalan dari suatu sistem atau peralatan adalah suatu analisa dari kemampuan dan kontinuitas suatu sistem/peralatan untuk berfungsi sesuai dengan waktu yang ditetapkan.
[1] IEEE, 2007. IEEE Recommended Practice for The Design of Reliable Industrial and Commercial Power System. p.8,13
Kegagalan adalah suatu kondisi ketidakmampuan suatu peralatan untuk melaksanakan suatu fungsi yang diperlukan. Banyak faktor yang menyebabkan suatu peralatan mengalami kegagalan, antara lain : Faktor alam, faktor manusia dan faktor dari peralatan tersebut. Keadaan lingkungan selama disain, pembuatan maupun operasional akan menuntun kepada kegagalan. Pada saat terjadi suatu kegagalan maka suatu peralatan yang mengalami kegagalan akan mengintervensi peralatan lain. Mode kegagalan adalah proses pengamatan dan pengevaluasian efek berantai dari suatu kegagalan peralatan. Pada saat terjadi suatu kegagalan pada suau peralatan, pasti ada penyebab-penyebabnya. Pada mekanisme kegagalan ini akan dievaluasi penyebab-penyebab kegegagalan beserta kronologis terjadinya suatu kegagalan
2) Penyebab Kegagalan
3) Mode Kegagalan
4) Mekanisme Kegagalan
Gardu Induk Distribusi (Distribution Substation): Merupakan gardu yang bertugas membagi dalam beberapa penyulang (feeder) dari 150kV menjadi 20kV. Distribusi Primer : Dari keluaran (outgoing) penyulang, tenaga listrik disalurkan melalui distribusi primer dengan tegangan sebesar 20kV/6kV menuju ke pusat pusat beban melalui SUTM (Saluran Udara Tegangan Menegah) dan SKTM (Saluran Kabel Tegangan Menengah). Distribusi Sekunder : Terdiri dari dua jenis, yaitu Saluran Udara Tegangan Rendah (SUTR) dan Saluran Kabel Tegangan Rendah (SKTR), tegangan yang berada pada saluran ini dari distribusi primer melalui transformator distribusi menjadi 380/220 V.
Jumlah Total Durasi Gangguan Konsumen SAIDI= Jumlah Total Konsumen Yang Dilayani
Jumlah Konsumen Mengalami Pemadaman Sementara MAIFI= Jumlah Total Konsumen Yang Dilayani
Jumlah Total Durasi Gangguan Konsumen CAIDI= Jumlah Total Konsumen Terganggu
Laju Kegagalan Peralatan Repair Time Switching Time Reliability Index Assessment
SAIFI
SAIDI
MAIFI
1. Gardu Induk.
Adalah gardu listrik yang mendapat daya dari saluran transmisi atau sub transmisi suatu sistem tenaga listrik berasal dari pembangkit-pembangkit listrik, untuk kemudian menyalurkannya ke daerah beban (industri, kota, konsumen pribadi, dll) melalui saluran distribusi primer.
2. Gardu Distribusi.
Adalah gardu yang mendapat daya dari saluran distribusi primer yang menyalurkan tenaga listrik ke pemakaian dengan tegangan menengah. Menurut penempatan peralatannya.
Gardu Induk Pasangan Dalam (Gas Insulated Switchgear)
Gardu induk dimana semua peralatannya (CT, PMT, PMS, busbar, panel kontrol) di pasang di dalam gedung (kompartemen).
Adapun keuntungan dari kontruksi GIS adalah : Membutuhkan lahan yang sempit dibandingkan dengan kontruksi gardu induk konvensionalgardu induk konvensional Perawatan yang lebih mudah Peralatannya lebih sederhana. Lebih aman, karena semua peralatan berada dalam enclosure yang tertutup. Adapun kerugian dari kontruksi GIS adalah : Pembangunannya membutuhkan biaya yang lebih mahal jika dibandingkan konvensional. Oleh karena itu pembangunan gardu induk menggunakan kontruksi GIS atau konvensional disesuaikan dengan dana dan luas lahan yang diperlukan. Gardu Induk pasangan luar. Gardu induk dimana semua peralatannya (LA, CT, PT, Cable Head) di tempatkan di udara terbuka.
Peralatan dan fasilitas penting yang menunjang untuk kepentingan pengaturan distribusi tenaga listrik yang ada di Gardu Induk
Sisi Tegangan Tinggi Transformator Daya Pemutus Tenaga (CB) Saklar Pemisah (DS) Pengubah transformator Berbeban Transformator Arus (CT) Transformator Tegangan (PT) Sisi Tegangan Menengah Pemutus Tenaga trafo (incoming circuit Breaker) Pemutus Tenaga Kabel (outgoing Circuit Breaker) Trafo Arus (CT) Trafo Tegangan (PT) Peralatan Kontrol
Panel Kontrol Panel Relay Meter-meter pengukuran
BEBAN
PEMBANGKIT
SUMBER PEMBAGKIT
LATERAL FEEDER
SUMBER 3 3 3
AREA BEBAN -1
TIE SWITCH
SECTIONALIZ ER DS
AREA BEBAN -2
AREA BEBAN -3
KE PUSAT BEBAN
SUMBER
EXPRES FEEDER
BACK FEEDER
LOAD CENTRE
SUMBER 3
AREA FASA R 1
AREA FASA S
LATERAL FEEDER
AREA FASA T
KE PUSATPUSAT BEBAN
Terdapat beberapa macam bentuk jaringan distribusi. Namun jaringan distribusi sebagian besar berbentuk radial (baik jaringan distribusi primer maupun sekunder).
Keuntungan dari jaringan distribusi radial: Mudah untuk mengamankan arus gangguan yang terjadi. Sangat kecil kemungkinan untuk terjadi arus gangguan pada hampir keseluruhan jaringan. Mudah untuk mengontrol tegangan. Mudah untuk memprediksi dan mengontrol aliran
Berikut ini adalah gambar jaringan distribusi primer yang sering digunakan pada tipe radial
SECTIONALIZ ER DS
LOOP TIE DS
SUMBER D
SUMBER C
SISTEM SPINDLE
Yang menjadi ciri khas dari sistem spindle adalah saluran cadangan (express) dimana pada kondisi normal tidak dibebani namun bertegangan dan adanya gardu hubung yang merupakan titik pertemuan dari semua penyulang primer, yang berisi rel daya sejumlah saklar yang menghubungkan masing-masing penyulang utama ke rel tersebut. Di sepanjang saluran juga terdapat Load Break Switch (LBS) yang berguna untuk keperluan manuver bila ada gangguan pada saluran kerja (working feeder).
Jika terjadi gangguan pada salah satu penyulang yang terletak diantara dua gardu maka setelah gangguan dilokalisir, pelayanan dapat dipulihkan dengan satu bagian mendapatkan saya langsung dari GI sedangkan bagian yang lain mendapatkan daya dari GI yang sama setelah melalui penyulang express dan gardu hubung.
SALURAN UDARA
Saluran Udara Biaya : Sangat menguntungkan. Secara keseluruhan, biaya sangat rendah Umur Teknis : Cukup lama, sekitar 30-50 tahun, sedangkan saluran bawah tanah memiliki umur teknis sekitar 20-40 tahun.
Saluran Bawah Tanah Estetika : Sangat menguntungkan, hampir tidak ada bagian yang keluar secara visual Keamanan :Sangat aman dari masyarakat , karena masyarakat hampir tidak pernah melihat secara visual pada permukaan tanah. Keandalan : Secara signifikan Keandalan : Pada saat terjadi memiliki sedikit gangguan, tetapi gangguan, durasi waktu gangguan durasi waktu gangguan cukup cukup pendek karena gangguan panjang karena gangguan cukup mudah ditemukan dan dapat sulit untuk ditemukan dan waktu diperbaiki dengan cepat perbaikannya pun cukup lama Pembebanan : Dapat diberikan Operasional dan perbaikan : Biaya pembebanan overload perawatan cukup kecil
Dalam usaha menjaga kontinuitas pelayanan tenaga listrik dan menjaga agar peralatan pada jaringan primer 20 kV tidak mengalami kerusakan total akibat gangguan, maka mutlak diperlukan peralatan pengaman.
Adapun peralatan pengaman yang digunakan pada jaringan tegangan menengah 20 kV terbagi menjadi :
1)Peralatan pemisah atau penghubung 2)Peralatan pengaman arus lebih 3)Peralatan pengaman tegangan lebih.
Agenda
68
70
FICHTNER Turkey
FICHTNER has been working for more than 40 years on various projects in Turkey Established in July 2008, FICHTNER Turkey is 100% owned by FICHTNER Germany Completed numerous projects mainly in the private sector Brought together experienced international experts & local engineers/consultants and worked on the most important projects of Turkey Vision of FICHTNER Turkey: Become one of the biggest well established engineering companies in the region Provide state-of-the art engineering and technical services to meet the demands of the growing energy market Make use of Turkeys young population: Train local engineers and technical staff to make them compatible with international experts Use them for the most challenging projects in the region and worldwide Photovoltaics versus Concentrated Solar Power Turkey 2010 Conference
71
Renewable Energy Technologies Hydropower Wind Power Solarthermal Power Photovoltaic Geothermal Power Solid Biomass Sewage and Landfill Gas Biogas
72
Our service
Development and review of realization concepts Investigation of technical and
Objective
Definition of approach
Feasibility study of
Financing agreement/depiction
financial viability
Conceptual and layout engineering Drawing up permit application documents
financial performance
Construction and operation permits
Detail engineering
Operation
Regular Photovoltaics versus Check of routine operation Conference Concentrated Solar Power Turkey 2010
commercial utilization
Agenda
74
Turkey shows similar irradiation characteristics as Spain, one of the largest solar energy markets.
75
76
77
Bundesverband Solarwirtschaft
Solar Technologies
Solar Thermal NonConcentrating SolarChimney Linear-focusing (single axis) Linear Fresnel Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plants Photovoltaic (PV)
Concentration ratio and Temperature increasing Thermal Energy Storage Rankine Cycle (ST) Wind Turbine Integrated Solar Combined Cycle Brayton Cycle
Stirling Engine
DC-AC Inverter
Electric Power
78 Photovoltaics versus Concentrated Solar Power Turkey 2010 Conference
Photovoltaics
Source: Juwi AG Photovoltaics versus Concentrated Solar Power Turkey 2010 Conference
79
80
Fix, optimum tilt angle Horizontal N-S axis 30 tilt axis Vertical axis, module tilt 50 Biaxial tracking
81
23.1%
27.2%
29.6%
34%
Characteristics
High energy density Conventional components used (hybridisation possible) Economy of scale leads to large scale plants Possibility of thermal energy storage
82
Parabolic Trough
395C
Solar HX
Storage
Steam turbine 30 MW
G~
Coolin g Tower
Air
Air
295C
Condenser
Source: Fichtner
83 Photovoltaics versus Concentrated Solar Power Turkey 2010 Conference
Solar Heat
120 100
Solar Heat (MW-th)
21. Jun
dumping to storage from storage direct used
80 60 40 20 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Time (hr.)
Extension of full load operation to night time hours Reduction of part load operation (cloud transients) Dispatchable power generation
84
85
Project Capacities
PV: CSP: 1kW 50MW Photovoltaics versus Concentrated Solar Power Turkey 2010 Conference Parabolic trough 10MW 300MW
Agenda
86
Feed-in Tariff
87
88
89
Site Assessment
90
Site Assessment
Example: Johannesburg, South Africa
0.25
0.20
LEC [/kWh] 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 Thin film Polycrystalline Monocrystalline Parabolic trough fixed 1-axis 2-axis
91
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
-3%
-4% -5% Thin film (fixed) Polycrystalline (fixed)
-6%
-7% -8% -9%
Monocrystalline (1-axis)
Parabolic trough Change of O&M costs (100%=O&M costs of Montalto)
-10%
92
Monocrystalline(fixed)
Polycrystalline (fixed)
Parabolic trough
93
Change of LEC
4%
2%
0% -2% -4%
Thin film
Monocrystalline
-6%
-8% 11.0 12.8 14.6
Polycrystalline
16.4 18.3 20.1
Parabolic trough
21.9 23.7 25.6
94
Thin film
20%
-5%
-10% 1,254 1,463 1,671 1,881 2,089 2,299 2,508 2,716 2,926
DNI [kWh/a]
Photovoltaics versus Concentrated Solar Power Turkey 2010 Conference
95
Agenda
96
Source: Photon
97 Photovoltaics versus Concentrated Solar Power Turkey 2010 Conference
30000
Recession Conservative
25000
Accelerated
20000
MWp
15000 10000 5000 0
2011 2012 2013 6207.7 11611 15569.5 8770.3 11731.9 15732.7 12202.2 18718.2 28795.6
98
Source: Paula Mints, Navigant Consulting, Inc., 2009 Photovoltaics versus Concentrated Solar Power Turkey 2010 Conference
7,000
Accelerated
Base Case
Slow Development
99
Summary
No general better technology but project specific technology selection
Size, topography, irradiation (global / direct), Accessibility, grid condition Feed-in tariffs Relevance of dispatchability / storage
Design optimization required for each project Thorough project development and due diligence process
Reliable design Bankable EPC and O&M Contracts
performance and plant acceptance criteria and procedures liquidated damages and incentive schemes
Contact
Whom to contact?
FICHTNER GmbH & Co. KG Bykdere Cad. 87/5 34387 Mecidiyeky Istanbul Turkey FICHTNER GmbH & Co. KG Sarweystrae 3 70191 Stuttgart Germany Dr. Martin Stickel Manager PV / Solar Technologies Phone Fax Mobile E-Mail +49 (0)711 8995-684 +49 (0)711 8995-495 +49 (0) 172 6358294 martin.stickel@fichtner.de
www.fichtner.de
www.fichtner.com.tr
101
Lender
Loans
Equity
Insurance company
Policies
Developer
Project Rights
Solar Project
Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV)
Operation Contract
Management
O&M Contract
Utility
Service Company
EPC contractor(s)
Objectives:
102
Implementation of a long life power plants with high energy yield and availability Proper and safe operation complying with the relevant requirements Low cost, high return on investment
Photovoltaics versus Concentrated Solar Power Turkey 2010 Conference
Construction
Operation
103
Construction monitoring (compliance with contract / specifications) Compliance with project schedule Review of EPC contractors / owners progress report Site and workshop inspections Preparation of monthly or quarterly progress reports
Conceptual study and decisionmaking phase Engineering and contract award Construction
Operation
104
105
106
Solarwirtschaft
Integrated Expertise
Energy Technology Power Supply
Comprehensive technological know-how as foundation conventional technologies innovative technologies / renewable energies Extensive planning experience in all project phases Classical planning services are rounded off by our over-arching expertise in consultancy
Technologies
Planning
Consultancy
Solar HX Storag e
HRSG
Steam turbine 60 MW G~ Coolin g Tower
Ai r
Air
295C
Condenser
Exhaust 600C
G ~ Gas turbine 90 MW
108
Solar Combined Cycle Island versus Concentrated Solar Power Turkey 2010 Conference Photovoltaics Island
Status
Relatively new technology Several pilot plants in operation in Australia, Spain and USA First pre-commercial demonstration plant for electricity generation (5 MWe) started operation end of 2008 in California First large scale plant shall start operation in 2012 in California using Ausras Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector technology. New 30MW project announced in Spain, recent large investment by Swiss utility
109 Photovoltaics versus Concentrated Solar Power Turkey 2010 Conference
Status
Potential successfully demonstrated in several large pilot plants Solar Tower technologies at different development stages First two commercial plants in operation in Spain (PS 10 & 20) Several large plants (>100 MWe) under development in US Despite first commercial plants still more R&D needed
110
PV related services
111
technical due diligences - on behalf of lenders as well as investors techno-economic feasibility and conceptual studies yield projections specifications for large-scale PV installations check of construction and operating contracts - EPC and O&M under their technical and commercial aspects supervision of construction and progress monitoring participation in acceptance tests verification of electricity yields during operation other PV related technical advisory
Photovoltaics versus Concentrated Solar Power Turkey 2010 Conference
Methodology
112
It Mt in Et i n
113
Investment expenditures in the year t in Operations and maintenance expenditures in the year t Electricity generation in the year t in kWh Discount rate Life time of the system in years
Photovoltaics versus Concentrated Solar Power Turkey 2010 Conference
Site Assessment
Nassau, Bahamas
0.38
0.33
LEC [/kWh] 0.28 0.23
fixed
1axis
0.18
0.13
2.0
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
114
0.6
1.5%
1.0%
0.5% 0.0% -0.5%
Polycrystalline
Parabolic trough
-1.0%
-1.5% 2.6 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.4 4.9 5.3 5.7 6.2
115
Spain, PS-10
10 MW Central Receiver Plant
Greece, Theseus AE
Project Company 50 MW Solar Rankine Cycle Plant
RentaSolar
S.A.
Project Company for PV Power Plants in Spain
Abu Dhabi:
Design and Engineering 100 MWe CST Plant
Arizona, USA
Project Development for 250 MWe Solar Rankine Cycle Plant
India, Mathania
140 MWe ISCC (solar 30 MWe)
World Bank
Global Market Initiative (GMI) EM-Power
Botswana
Site Selection and Feasibility Study for 200 Mwe CST Plant
Egypt, Kuraymat:
150 MWe ISCC (solar 20 MWe)
Jordan
Project Development for 50 MWe Solar Rankine Cycle Plant
Australia
Site Selection and Feasibility Study 200 MW CST Plant
Egypt, El Nasr
Solar Process Heat Plant
116
Solar Irradiation
Direct
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no rm al p
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Diffuse
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Direct
Status
Most mature and bankable CSP technology First nine plants (SEGS plants) successfully in operation since more than 20 years in California Several Gigawatts of parabolic trough power plants in planning or already under construction Major cost reduction due to mass production, economy of scale and further technological advancements Next steps: Direct steam generation + implementation of new storage technologies (e.g. concrete)
118 Photovoltaics versus Concentrated Solar Power Turkey 2010 Conference
Site Assessment
Site Nassau Montalto Johannesbur g Technology Thin film Monocrystalline Polycrystalline Parabolic trough DNI [kWh/m] 1,890 1,584 Temperature [C] 25.7 16.0 Wind [m/s] 4.1 3.0
2,302
Nassau [kWh/kWp] 1,886 1,728 1,683 2,125
15.7
Montalto [kWh/kWp] 1,609 1,485 1,466 1,570
3.5
Johannesburg [kWh/kWp] 2,020 1,904 1,879 2,155
119
PT PLN (PERSERO)
120