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An example of an agglomeration is the San Diego-Tijuana metropolitan area. The cities together create a bi-national agglomeration between Mexico and the United States. In the study of human settlements, an agglomeration is an extended city or town area comprising the built-up area of a central place (usually a municipality) and any suburbs linked by continuous urban area. In France, INSEE the French Statistical Institute, translate it as "Unit urbaine" which means continuous urbanized area. However, because of differences in definitions of what does and does not constitute an "agglomeration", as well as variations and limitations in statistical or geographical methodology, it can be problematic to compare different agglomerations around the world. It may not be clear, for instance, whether an area should be considered to be a satellite and part of an agglomeration, or a distinct entity in itself. The term "agglomeration" can also be linked to "Conurbation," which is a more specific term for large urban clusters where the built-up zones of influence of distinct cities or towns are connected by continuous built-up development (Essen - Dortmund and others in the Rhine-Ruhr district), even in different regions, states or countries, Lille - Kortrijk in France and Belgium). Each city or town in a conurbation may nevertheless continue to act as an independent focus for a substantial part of the area.
Contents
1 Metropolitan Area: Extended definition 2 Metropolitan Area : Administrative definition 3 Specific legal definitions o 3.1 Quebec 4 Largest Urban Agglomerations 5 See also
A metropolitan area may be defined as an extended agglomeration or conurbation that also includes peripheral areas not themselves necessarily urban in character but closely bound to the urban area by flows linked to employment or commerce. The population may easily travel within an agglomeration by car or mass transit system. For example if one lives a 30-minute rail trip away from downtown New York City, yet in a separately-named smaller county or state outside the city limits, that district or town would be considered a part of the New York agglomeration.
to how it is defined. While the prefectures of Tokyo, Chiba, Kanagawa and Saitama are commonly used to define Greater Tokyo, the Japan Statistics Bureau simply measures the area within 50 kilometers of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Offices in Shinjuku[1] [2].
Greater Tokyo Area has more than 30 million people. The term "agglomeration" is more appropriate for determining the populations of large super-cities like Tokyo, Mexico City, and Seoul. These examples are super-cities which have expanded enough to consume other neighborhoods. Although administration may be separate for outlying districts, the population might say they are from the central city. There are various lists of agglomeration populations. Three are presented here. According to one list (2008-10-01), the largest agglomerations in the world are as follows : Rank 1 City name (Tky) English name Tokyo Country Japan Population 33,800,000
2 3 4
(Sul)
Seoul
Ciudad de Mxico Mexico City (Mumba) New York So Paulo Maynila Los Angeles (Shnghi) New Delhi
Bombay
India
22,200,000
6 7 8 9 10
USA Brazil
21,900,000 20,900,000
11
Japan
16,700,000
12
India
16,000,000
(The above information was gathered from: [3]) And the list from 2006-11-22 : Rank 1 City name (Tky) English name Tokyo Country Japan Population 33,400,000
2 3 4
(Sul)
Seoul
Bombay
India
21,100,000
6 7 8
9 10 11 12
Jakarta
(The above information was gathered from: [4]) Another list indicates substantially smaller populations for some urban agglomerations in 2007. This list uses a build up method of population estimation of administrative jurisdictions within the confines of the continuously built up area (except where a census authority estimate is available). The principal difference between the population figures in the two lists is that the first list substitutes metropolitan area populations in urban agglomerations such as New York, Los Angeles, Mexico City, Mumbai and Delhi, which explains the higher figures. Currently (2008), the agglomerations of more than 10,000,000 population are as follows : Rank Agglomeration name 1 2 3 4 5 Tokyo Jakarta (Jabotabek) New York Seoul-Incheon Manila Country Japan Indonesia USA Population Annual change 34,400,000 0.2% 21,800,000 2.4% 20,090,000 0.2%
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Mumbai So Paulo Mexico City Delhi Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Cairo Kolkata Los Angeles Shanghai Moscow Beijing Buenos Aires Guangzhou-Foshan Shenzhen Istanbul Rio de Janeiro Paris
India Brazil Mexico India Japan Egypt India USA China Russia China Argentina China China Turkey Brazil France
19,530,000 2.0% 19,140,000 0.8% 18,430,000 0.6% 18,000,000 2.4% 17,270,000 0.0% 16,750,000 1.5% 15,010,000 1.8% 14,730,000 0.8% 14,460,000 1.5% 13,260,000 0.2% 12,770,000 1.6% 12,390,000 0.5% 11,810,000 1.5% 11,710,000 2.1% 11,220,000 1.1% 11,160,000 0.8% 10,430,000 0.1%
(The above information is modeled for 2008 from population growth rates and is from [5] and [6]. The Jakarta figure is considerably higher than some estimates because it includes the continuous urbanization extending outward into the Tangerang, Bogor and Karawang regencies. The Manila figure are considerably higher than most lists, which limit their data to the administrative boundaries of Metro Manila. However, the continuous urbanization extends into Cavite, Laguna, Rizal and Bulacan provinces and is reflected in the higher figure in this list. London is not included because the continuous urbanization is interrupted by the green belt. The 2001 census (United Kingdom Statistics Authority) placed the population of the London urban area at 8,278,000, well below the 10,000,000 threshold.) Businesses can also "agglomerate." For theoretical aspects see economies of agglomeration.
See also
City World's largest cities - A list of the largest municipalities (cities) areas by population Mega city Metropolis Metropolitan Area Tran border agglomeration World city