Sap Red Hat Linux

Installing SAP on Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization 3.
Sherry Yu
Version 1.0 January 2012
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Table of Contents
1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Overview...................................................................... 1 1.2 Prerequisites and Assumptions......................................................................................... 3
2 Install Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager............................................ 5 3 Install Hosts...................................................................................................... 7

3.1 Install Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Hypervisor......................................................... 7 3.2 Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux Host.............................................................................. 8
4 Configure Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization..................................................... 9

4.1 Configure Windows Client Access to the Administration Portal........................................ 9 4.2 Log in to the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager................................................ 10 4.3 Configure Data Center.................................................................................................... 10 4.4 Configure the Cluster....................................................................................................... 11 4.5 Add Red Hat Enterprise Linux Hosts............................................................................... 12 4.6 Add Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Hypervisor Hosts................................................ 14 4.7 Configure Storage........................................................................................................... 15
5 Configure Virtual Machines............................................................................ 17

5.1 Create Virtual Machine.................................................................................................... 17 5.2 Configure Red Hat Network Satellite Server for PXE Boot............................................. 19 5.3 Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux on the Virtual Machine................................................. 21 5.4 Configure the New Server's Network ............................................................................. 23 5.5 Register the New Server with Red Hat Network ............................................................ 23 5.6 Add Child Channels for the New Server ......................................................................... 23
6 Prepare for SAP Installation........................................................................... 25

6.1 SAP Notes....................................................................................................................... 25 6.2 Firewall Configuration ..................................................................................................... 25 6.3 Set SELinux to Permissive.............................................................................................. 25 6.4 Hostname........................................................................................................................ 25 6.5 Kernel Parameters........................................................................................................... 26 6.6 Set Process Resource Limits.......................................................................................... 26
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6.7 Install Additional Software Packages.............................................................................. 26 6.8 Install JDK....................................................................................................................... 26 6.9 Add Swap Space............................................................................................................. 27 6.11 Create Users and Groups.............................................................................................. 28 6.12 SAP Monitoring.............................................................................................................. 28 6.12.1 Enable SAP Monitoring for a Virtual Machine......................................................... 29 6.12.2 Verify the SAP Monitoring........................................................................................ 29 6.13 Make a Template of the Virtual Machine....................................................................... 30 6.14 Create Virtual NICs........................................................................................................ 31 6.15 Create Mount Points...................................................................................................... 32 6.16 Set the Environment for Installation.............................................................................. 32
7 Install SAP ..................................................................................................... 33

7.1 Global Host Preparation.................................................................................................. 33 7.2 Sybase Database Installation.......................................................................................... 37 7.3 Central Instance Installation............................................................................................ 42
8 Live Migration ................................................................................................ 49 9 Next Steps...................................................................................................... 51
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1 Introduction
Businesses must continue to innovate while controlling costs to succeed in today's competitive global markets. IT departments are under pressure to optimize capital expenditures, meet increasing demand with fewer resources, and easily and quickly launch new services. Virtualization and cloud computing are major technologies used to help organizations meet these budget and business agility challenges. Red Hat continues its strong co-innovation history with SAP with Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization for SAP. Red Hat delivers the foundation operating system plus built-in virtualization and management in an offering that is certified by SAP. Red Hat Enterprise Linux is open source and certified on more platforms than any other, giving a standardized approach without hardware vendor lock-in. Industry-leading virtualization capabilities enable consolidation and optimized use of resources and can reduce power, cooling, and space requirements for further savings. Running SAP solutions on Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization helps enterprises address the challenges of flexibility and price/performance with a scalable and high-availability SAP platform that is cloud ready. SAP migrations and new implementations must be carefully planned and executed to minimize risk and provide a smooth transition to the new environment. This article demonstrates the installation of the SAP Business Suite Application in a Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization 3.0 environment, and is intended as a starting point for evaluating or planning an SAP on Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization deployment. The following sections provide relevant overview information of Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization, including key concepts and terminology needed to understand the installation procedure. This article assumes the reader is familiar with Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) in general, but may be new to Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization.
1.1 Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Overview

The Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization platform is a fully integrated virtualization management solution that enables you to create and manage virtual machines that perform the same function as physical machines. The Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization platform consists of the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager, one or more hosts, and the associated storage and networking (see Figure 1). The Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager provides the graphical interface to manage the physical and logical resources. Hosts are the physical machines that are used to host virtual machines.
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Figure 1.1-1: Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Platform Overview The Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization platform distinguishes between physical objects, such as a physical host, and logical objects, such as a virtual machine or data center (see Figure 2). The most elementary component of the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization platform is a host. A host is a physical server that runs either Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Hypervisor (a minimal installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux designed to support virtualization workloads) or Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.5 and above. Each physical host is used to host one or more VIRTUAL MACHINES. Each virtual machine contains an operating system and a set of applications.
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Figure 1.1-2: Physical and logical components in the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization environment. Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization uses the logical entities clusters and data centers to organize the components in the environment: Hosts are logically grouped into CLUSTERS. A cluster is a set of physical hosts that are treated as a resource pool for a set of virtual machines. Hosts in a cluster share the same network infrastructure and the same storage. Virtual machines can be migrated from one host to another within a server cluster. A DATA CENTER contains one or more clusters of virtual machines, storage, and networks. It is used to logically organize a set of resources used in a specific environment. A data center is the highest level container for all physical and logical resources.
The physical storage in a data center is abstracted into a logical view called a STORAGE POOL, which contains one or more STORAGE DOMAINS. A data storage domain contains complete images of the virtual machines, operating system images, and data disks. Storage networking can be implemented using iSCSI, Fibre Channel, or NFS. (You can also set up local storage on a host for very small and limited environments, such as this demo example). Storage domains are shared resources, and must be accessible to all hosts in a data center. For more details on Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization, visit the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization home page at http://www.redhat.com/virtualization/rhev/.
1.2 Prerequisites and Assumptions

Before beginning the procedure, it is recommended that you are familiar with the SAP environment and the overall Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation process.
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The procedure in this document assumes the following: Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 6.2. Red Hat Enterprise Linux Virtualization 3.0. Note: The beta version of Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization 3.0 is used in this document. However, you should obtain the most recent version from the Red Hat Network through your support subscription. Windows Internet Explorer 7.0 or higher (to access the administration portal). PXE boot server for Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation (can install from media, if preferred). SAP Business Suite Application that is supported on Red Hat Enterprise Linux and KVM. (Refer to SAP Note 1400911 Linux: SAP on Red Hat KVM Kernel-based Virtual Machine for more information.) In this document, SAP ERP 6.0 EHP 5 on Sybase ASE Database is installed as an example.
For more information on Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization, see the online documentation available at http://docs.redhat.com/docs/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Virtualization/3.0/: Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization 3.0 Quick Start Guide Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization 3.0 Evaluation Guide Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization 3.0 Installation Guide Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization 3.0 Administration Guide
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2 Install Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager

Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager is installed on a Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 server and accessed from a Windows client running Internet Explorer. The following steps demonstrate the installation of Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager software. If you have an active Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization subscription, you can access the RHEV 3.0 beta channels. The RHEV beta channels can be found on the Red Hat Network as child channels under Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization (x86-64). The following channels are required by the RHEV Manager: Red Hat Application Platform for RHEV-M Beta (v.3 x86-64) Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager Beta (v.3 x86_64) Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server Supplementary (v. 6 64-bit x86_64)
1. Use the rhevm-setup command to run the installer. The installer will take you through a series of interactive questions:
# rhevm-setup Wcome to RHEV Manager setup utility HTTP Port [8080] : HTTPS Port [8443] : Host fully qualified domain name, note that this name should be fully resolvable [localhost.localdomain] : rhev-m-sap.example.com The IP 10.15.182.163 does not hold a PTR record for the FQDN: rhev-msap.example.com User input failed validation, do you still wish to use it? (yes|no): yes Password for Administrator (admin@internal) : Confirm password : Database password (required for secure authentication with the locally created database) : Confirm password : Organization Name for the Certificate: Red Hat The default storage type you will be using ['NFS'| 'FC'| 'ISCSI'] [NFS] : ISCSIel Should the installer configure NFS share on this server to be used as an ISO Domain? ['yes'| 'no'] [yes] : no Firewall ports need to be opened. You can let the installer configure iptables automatically overriding the current configuration. The old configuration will be backed up. Alternately you can configure the firewall later using an example iptables file found under /usr/share/rhevm/conf/iptables.example Configure iptables ? ['yes'| 'no']: yes
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2. Confirm the summary of the configuration. A message displays when the installation completes:
RHEV Manager will be installed using the following configuration: ================================================================= http-port: 8080 https-port: 8443 host-fqdn: rhev-m-sap.example.com auth-pass: ******** db-pass: ******** org-name: Red Hat default-dc-type: ISCSI override-iptables: yes Proceed with the configuration listed above? (yes|no): yes **** Installation completed successfully ******
3. After the installation completes, allow Red Had Enterprise Virtualization Manager time to start up. Note: If you need to re-install Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager, use the rhevmcleanup command. Cautionthis utility will wipe all existing data including configuration settings, certificates, and the database:
# rhevm-cleanup WARNING: Executing RHEV Manger cleanup utility. This utility will wipe all existing data including configuration settings, certificates and database Would you like to proceed? (yes|no): yes Stopping Removing Removing Removing JBoss Service... Database... CA... RHEV Manager JBoss profile... [ [ [ [ DONE DONE DONE DONE ] ] ] ]
RHEV Manager cleanup finished successfully! Cleanup log available at /var/log/rhevm/rhevmcleanup_2011_09_23_12_05_45.log DB Backup available at /usr/share/rhevm/db-backups/tmpcwTFBb.sql
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3 Install Hosts
After you've installed the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager, install the hosts to run your virtual machines. Servers that are running Red Hat Enterprise Linux can be reconfigured to be used as virtual machine hosts. You can also install and use Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Hypervisor as hosts. The following two sections demonstrate how to install both types of hosts.
3.1 Install Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Hypervisor

You can install Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Hypervisor from CD or via PXE network boot. You'll need to provide the following information during configuration: 1. In the Network Tab, input the network configuration information:
2. In the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager (RHEV-M) tab, input the RHEV manager information: Management Server: Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager host name and domain name Management Server Port: enter the management server port name (default is 8443) Verify Certificate: Check this checkbox if you wish to verify the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager security certificate
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3. In the Red Hat Network tab, input the Red Hat Network registration information:
3.2 Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux Host

You can also use a Red Hat Enterprise Linux system as a host in the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization environment. 1. Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.2 on the host. 2. Ensure that the hosts subscribes to the following channels: Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Management Agent Beta (v.6 for 64-bit x86_64) https://rhn.redhat.com/network/software/channels/details.pxt?cid=12061 RHEL for SAP (v. 6 for 64-bit x86_64)
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4 Configure Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization

Now that you've installed the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager and hosts, you can log in to the administration portal to start configuring your virtualization environment. The webbased administration portal can be accessed using a Windows client running Internet Explorer. The following sections describe how to configure the Windows client to access the administration portal and log in. Once logged in to the administration portal, this procedure continues with configuring the components in the virtualization environment including data center, cluster, networking, hosts, and storage configuration.
4.1 Configure Windows Client Access to the Administration Portal

Before logging in to the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager administration portal, you must configure the windows client used to access the web-based portal. You will need to install the .NET Framework 4 and modify the default security settings on the machine. The following example is applicable for Windows 2008. (See Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization 3.0 Installation Guide, section 3.4 Connect to the Administration Portal for more information, if needed.) 1. Install .NET Framework 4. You can download it from http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?id=17718. Run this executable as a user with administration access to the system. 2. Next, disable Internet Explorer Enhanced Security Configuration: Click Start Administrative Tools Server Manager. On the Security Information pane in the Server Manager window, click Configure IE ESC. Select Off for Administrators and Users to disable the security configuration. Click OK. Open a browser and clock on Tools Internet Options. Click on the Security tab. Select Trusted Sites. Click Sites to display the Trusted Sites dialog. Enter the URL for your administration portal in the Add this website to the zone textbox. Click Add, then Close. Click the Custom Level button. Locate the XAML browser applications item in the list, ensure that it is set to Enable, then click OK.
3. Add the administration portal to the browser's list of trusted sites:
4. Restart Internet Explorer to access the administration portal.
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4.2 Log in to the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager

The example below illustrates how to log in to the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager. 1. Using a Windows Internet Explorer browser, navigate to the administration portal. Use the URL displayed during the installation summary. Substitute your hostname and domain for rhev-m-sap.example.com:
http://rhev-m-sap.example.com:8080
2. Log in with the user name admin and the password you specified during the installation.
3. If this is the first time you're connecting to the administration portal, you'll need to install security certificates for your browser. Follow the onscreen prompts. (See Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Quick Start Guide, section 2.3.1 for more information.)
4.3 Configure Data Center

The data center contains your physical and logical resources, including clusters of hosts, virtual machines, storage, and networks. A default data center is created during installation. You can use the default or create a new data center. This example demonstrates creating a new data center. 1. Go to the Data Center tab and click on New:
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2. The New Data Center form is displayed:
3. Specify the correct type of storage using the pulldown menu for Type. There are four choices for storage type: NFS, iSCSI, Fibre Channel, and Local on Host (see below). This example uses Local on Host for its storage.
Important: The correct storage type must be specified when the data center is created.
4.4 Configure the Cluster

A cluster is a set of physical hosts that are treated as a resource pool for a set of virtual machines. Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization creates a default cluster at installation. 1. When you create a new data center, you are prompted to configure the cluster:
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2. Fill in the parameters, specifying the name of the new cluster:
3. Select memory optimization:
The new cluster is created.
4.5 Add Red Hat Enterprise Linux Hosts

Once the data center and cluster are configured, the next step is adding hosts to your virtualization environment. This section demonstrates how to add a Red Hat Enterprise Linux host. The following section demonstrates adding a hypervisor host. 1. When you create a new data center, you will be prompted to configure hosts:
2. You can also choose to add hosts later. In the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager Host tab, click New:
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Make sure the host is subscribed to the following channels: Red Hat Enterprise Virt Management Agent Beta ((v.6 for x86_64) RHEL for SAP (v. 6 for 64-bit x86_64)
3. Specify the host parameters. In this example, the host akina is added to the SAP cluster in the SAP data center:
4. If you want to configure power management, click on the Power Management tab and fill in the template:
Note: Because this data center is using the local disk on the host, only one host can be added to this data center. To support multiple hosts, shared storage must be used. 13
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4.6 Add Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Hypervisor Hosts

The previous section showed how to add a Red Hat Enterprise Linux host to a cluster. This section shows the similar procedure for adding a hypervisor host. After the installation of Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Hypervisor on the host, the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager will receive a notice from this host requesting to join the virtualization environment. 1. In the Hosts tab, the status for the hypervisor host will show Pending Approval. Click on the Approve button:
2. On the Edit and Approve Host dialog, enter the data center, cluster, and host name information. In this example, the default data center and default cluster are used:
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3. Edit the Power Management information, then click OK:
4. The host is now added to the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization environment:
4.7 Configure Storage

Next, configure the storage for the new data center that was created. 1. In the Storage tab, click New Domain:
2. Specify the path. Before adding the path, set the owner of the selected directory as follows:
drwxr-xr-x. 2 vdsm kvm 4096 Sep 29 11:11 rhev
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3. Add the path to the new domain:
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5 Configure Virtual Machines

This section demonstrates creating a new virtual machine and then installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux on the virtual machine. This example configures the Red Hat Network Satellite Server for PXE boot. You could also choose to install from the distribution media rather than installing across the network.
5.1 Create Virtual Machine

This example demonstrates adding a new virtual machine named sap-server-1 to the SAP cluster that was created previously. 1. Under the Virtual Machines tab, click New Server. Enter a name for this virtual machine (sap-server-1 in this example).
2. When you create a new virtual machine, you will be prompted to configure network interfaces and virtual disks:
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3. First, click on Configure Network Interfaces, and fill in the New Network Interface template. You can keep the default settings and click OK.
4. After specifying your network interface, you will be prompted to configure virtual disks:
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5. Select Configure Virtual Disks. The example shows the creation of a virtual disk with a Thin Provisioning format. From a performance point of view, however, a virtual disk with a preallocated (RAW) format is significantly faster than a virtual disk with a think provisioning (Qcow2) format, thus it is recommended for I/O intensive applications. Before selecting the size of the virtual disk, check the SAP Installation Guide for the minimum disk requirement. Also include the size of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation and swap space.
6. Your new virtual machine displays in the Virtual Machines tab. Now that you've created a virtual machine, you need to install an operating system on it. You can install the Red Hat Enterprise Linux software from a CD image, or use PXE network boot or other method that is available in your environment. The following example demonstrates PXE booting from Red Hat Network Satellite Server.
5.2 Configure Red Hat Network Satellite Server for PXE Boot
This section demonstrates how to configure the Red Hat Network Satellite Server for PXE boot of the virtual machine. 1. Log in to your site's Red Hat Network Satellite Server. 2. Create a new Kickstart profile:
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3. You will be prompted to fill in information about the new Kickstart profile in a series of screens:
4. Take the default values for the distribution file location:
5. Provide the root password of the virtual machine to the Red Hat Network Satellite Server:
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6. Within Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager, find the MAC address of the virtual machine:
7. List the profiles available via the cobbler boot server. Then, use the system add command to add your virtual machine. You'll need the MAC address of your virtual machine and the profile to use. The following example uses the RHEL6-forSAP:1:RedHatIT profile.
[root@ai ~]# cobbler profile list RHEL5_x86_64_Base:1:RedHatIT RHEL6-for-SAP:1:RedHatIT [root@ai ~]# cobbler system add --name=sap-server-1 --profile=RHEL6-forSAP:1:RedHatIT mac=00:1a:4a:0f:b6:00
5.3 Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux on the Virtual Machine

Now that the virtual machine is created and the Red Hat Network Satellite Server is configured for PXE boot, install the Red Hat Enterprise Linux guest operating system on the virtual machine. 1. Select the virtual machine, right click to display the context menu, and then select Run Once:
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2. Move Network (PXE) to the top of the boot sequence:
3. Select the virtual machine, and click on the console icon for your virtual machine
4. The Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system installation begins. When the Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation is complete, the console will prompt for login.
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5.4 Configure the New Server's Network

If necessary, follow the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Administration Guide to configure the network after the installation. Below is an example of the /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfgeth0 file:
DEVICE=eth0 HWADDR=00:1A:4A:0F:B6:01 ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO=dhcp
5.5 Register the New Server with Red Hat Network

After the installation is complete, register the new server with Red Hat Network. 1. Log in to the console as root. 2. From the command line, register the server with Red Hat Network:
# rhn_register
You'll need to specify the Red Hat Network Satellite Server login information and provide a new profile name (for example, sap-server-1).
5.6 Add Child Channels for the New Server

Add a child channel for the Red Hat Enterprise Linux for SAP channel. 1. Log in to your Red Hat Network Satellite Server. 2. Find the newly registered server, and click on Alter Channel Subscription:
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3. Add the RHEL for SAP channel to the subscription:
4. On the new server, use the yum command to update the packages:
# yum update
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6 Prepare for SAP Installation

The following sections describe the steps needed to prepare your system for SAP installation.
6.1 SAP Notes

SAP Notes provide background on various technical issues related to SAP installation and operation. Refer to your SAP documentation (Installation Guide: SAP ERP 6.0 Including SAP Enhancement Package 5 Technical Usage Central Applications ABAP on Linux: Sybase ASE) for a complete list of required SAP Notes. In addition, the following SAP Notes are recommended: Note 171356 SAP software on Linux: Essential information Note 1400911 Linux: SAP on Red Hat KVM Kernel-based Virtual Machine Note 1496410 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.x: Installation and Upgrade
You can find the most recent version of each SAP Note at http://service.sap.com/notes.
6.2 Firewall Configuration

You need to configure your firewall to work correctly with SAP applications. You can use the following commands to disable your firewall:
# service iptables stop # chkconfig iptables off
Or, if you choose to leave your firewall enabled, be sure to open up the required ports for the SAP application. After installation, you can check your service ports in the /etc/services file.
6.3 Set SELinux to Permissive

SELinux is activated by default. Change the SELinux status to permissive mode, because some SAP components do not support SELinux. 1. Edit the /etc/selinux/config file, and change the entry SELINUX=enforcing to SELINUX=permissive. 2. Use the setenforce 0 command to put SELinux in permissive mode:
# setenforce 0
6.4 Hostname
Ensure the hostname command returns the short name of your system.
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6.5 Kernel Parameters

Adjust the kernel parameters for SAP and Sybase database. 1. Append the following to the /etc/sysctl.conf file to adjust the kernel parameters for SAP and Sybase:
# SAP settings kernel.msgmni=1024 kernel.sem=1250 256000 100 1024 vm.max_map_count=1000000 # Sybase ASE 15.7 settings kernel.randomize_va_space = 0 kernel.exec-shield = 0
2. Use the sysctl command to activate the new settings:

# sysctl p
6.6 Set Process Resource Limits

Add the following lines to the /etc/security/limits.conf file to set the process resource limits:
@sapsys @sapsys hard soft nofile nofile 32800 32800
6.7 Install Additional Software Packages

Use the following yum command to install the additional required software packages if they are not installed during Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation:
# yum groupinstall compat-libraries debugging directory-client hardwaremonitoring large-systems network-file-system-client perl-runtime storageclient-multipath x11
6.8 Install JDK

Install the IBM JDK 1.4.2 for x86_64. If you plan to run the SAP Java-based application on Sybase ASE 15.7, no additional JDK is required as the SAP JVM is part of the installation media. 1. Make sure the RHEL for SAP channel is available:
# yum repolist rhel-x86_64-server-sap-6 RHEL for SAP (v. 6 for 64-bit x86_64) 16 repolist: 5,402
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2. Use yum to install the Java JDK:

# yum install java-1.4.2-ibm-sap # yum install java-1.4.2-ibm-sap-devel
6.9 Add Swap Space

Use your preferred method to add swap space. The following example adds a swap file of 20 GB: 1. At a shell prompt as root, type the following command with count being equal to the desired block size:
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=20971520
2. Setup the swap file with the command:

# mkswap /swapfile
3. To enable the swap file immediately but not automatically at boot time:
# swapon /swapfile
4. To enable it at boot time, edit the /etc/fstab file to include the following entry:
/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0
5. To test if the new swap file was successfully created, you can use the swapon -s command or cat /proc/swaps:
# swapon -s # cat /proc/swaps
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6.10 Create Users and Groups

Create the following users and groups for SAP and Sybase, where ep1 is the System ID (SID) and DBSID: Group sapsys sapinst User root ep1adm sapadm sybep1 Primary Group N/A sapsys sapsys sapsys sapadm sapadm Secondary Group sapinst sapinst sapinst sapinst SID Admin Host Agent Admin Sybase ASE Admin Comment Members
6.11 SAP Monitoring

SAP requires monitoring features to be enabled in production environments. Machine monitoring for SAP applications uses the vhostmd VDSM hook, which is provided to hosts by the vdsm-hook-vhostmd package. Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Hypervisor hosts include the vdsm-hook-vhostmd package by default. However, you need to install vdsm-hook-vhostmd on Red Hat Enterprise Linux hosts. The following steps illustrate installing the vdsm-hook-vhostmd package on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux host, enabling SAP monitoring for a virtual machine, and verifying the monitoring. Install vdsm-hook-vhostmd package on a Red Hat Enterprise Linux Host: 1. Make sure the Red Hat Enterprise Linux host is subscribed to the RHEL for SAP channel. (This is required in the Red Hat Enterprise Version 3.0 beta version, since the dependency vhostmd package is not yet added to the Red Hat Enterprise Virt Management Agent channel. The vhostmd package is available in the RHEL for SAP channel.) 2. As root, install the vdsm-hook-vhostmd package on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux host:
# yum install vdsm-hook-vhostmd
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6.11.1 Enable SAP Monitoring for a Virtual Machine

The following steps demonstrate how to enable SAP monitoring for a virtual machine using the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization administration portal. 1. Select the virtual machine to be monitored from the Virtual Machines tab. 2. Shutdown the virtual machine. 3. Click the Edit button to display the Edit Virtual Machine dialog. 4. Select the Custom Properties tab. 5. In the Custom Properties text field, enter sap_agent=true, then click OK:
6. Start the virtual machine. You have now enabled monitoring of a virtual machine for use with SAP. Repeat the procedure for each virtual machine that is part of the SAP environment. The Custom Properties tab is also available from the New Virtual Machine dialog. SAP monitoring can be enabled for new virtual machines by following this procedure at the time of the virtual machine creation.
6.11.2 Verify the SAP Monitoring

The following steps can be used to verify the SAP monitoring on your virtual machines. 1. Install the vm-dump-metrics package on the virtual machine:
# yum install vm-dump-metrics
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2. Run the vm-dump-metrics command on the virtual machine to verify that the XML with the host metrics is accessible from the guest:
# vm-dump-metrics
6.12 Make a Template of the Virtual Machine

Next, make a template of the virtual machine. Templates save the original machine's configuration, including the virtual disk and network interface settings. You can then use this template to rapidly create replicas of the original virtual machine. 1. Shut down the virtual machine using the poweroff command. Once the virtual machine is shut down, it is ready to be used to create the template. 2. Using the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager, right click on the virtual machine to display the context menu, and select Make Template.
3. Fill in the name and description of the template, and then click OK:
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6.13 Create Virtual NICs

This example illustrates installing SAP ERP ABAP as distributed. Two IP addresses are needed for the database and central instance, respectively. 1. Create virtual NICs for each IP address/hostname by creating the following two files with the specifed contents: /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0-1
DEVICE=eth0:1 BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=10.15.183.181 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 ONBOOT=yes
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0-2
DEVICE=eth0:2 BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=10.15.183.182 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 ONBOOT=yes
2. In the virtual machine's console, restart network service to bring up the two new virtual NICs. Important: do not do this from a remote connection because the command will reset the network.
# service network restart
3. Verify the new virtual NICs are configured. For example:

# ip addr show eth0 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:1a:4a:0f:b6:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.15.183.78/24 brd 10.15.183.255 scope global eth0 inet 10.15.183.181/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global eth0:1 inet 10.15.183.182/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global secondary eth0:2 inet6 fe80::21a:4aff:fe0f:b601/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4. Add the IP address/host name pairs to the /etc/hosts file, or configure them in DNS:
10.15.183.181 10.15.183.182 sapep1db.example.com sapep1ci.example.com sapep1db sapep1ci
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6.14 Create Mount Points

The following mount points are needed for the SAP and Sybase installation: /usr/sap/EP1 /sapmnt/EP1 /sybase/EP1
6.15 Set the Environment for Installation

Log in as root, and use the following commands to set the environment for SAP installation: 1. Make the SAP Installation Media available on the virtual machine. If you downloaded the multispanning archives from the SAP Support Portal, please follow SAP Note 886535 to unpack them. 2. Set the DISPLAY environment variable to host_name:0.0, where host_name is the host on which you want to display the GUI.
# csh # setenv DISPLAY <host_name>:0.0
3. Set the umask file creation mask to 022, and set an environment variable for the name of your temporary directory used for installation:
# umask 022 # setenv TMPDIR /tmp
4. Use the limit command to set the limits for file descriptors and core dump size as follows:
# limit descriptors 8192 # limit coredumpsize unlimited
5. Verify the following limits are set for your environment:

# limit cputime filesize datasize stacksize coredumpsize memoryuse vmemoryuse descriptors memorylocked maxproc unlimited unlimited unlimited 10240 kbytes unlimited unlimited unlimited 8192 64 kbytes 1024
The system is now ready to begin the installation of SAP ERP 6.0 EHP 5.
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7 Install SAP
The following sections demonstrate the installation of SAP ERP 6.0 EHP5 on the virtual machine. There are three major steps in the installation process: global host preparation, Sybase ASE database installation, and central instance installation.
7.1 Global Host Preparation

The following steps are used for global host preparation, the first step in installing an SAP system. This step prepares the file system and installs the executable from media. 1. Before starting, create a temporary directory for the installation:
# mkdir /home/ep1-hostprep # cd /home/ep1-hostprep
2. Start the installation using the sapinst command from the SAP Installation Master media:
# /software/erp-sybase/BS7i2010_Inst._Master_SYBASE___GA_/ IM_LINUX_X86_64/sapinst
3. Choose Global Host Preparation from the SAP NetWeaver installation screen, then click Next:
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4. Choose Typical for the parameter mode setting:
5. The installation process will display message boxes informing you that the installation directory is not owned by the group sapinst and does not have the correct permissions. Click OK on these message boxes to set the correct ownership and permissions:
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6. Next, provide the SAP System ID:
7. Enter the master password for all users:
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8. Provide the path to the required software package (UC Kernel NW 7.20) media:
9. Review the parameter summary, and then click Next to start the execution:
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10. The following message box will display when execution completes:
7.2 Sybase Database Installation

The following section demonstrates how to install Sybase Database on the virtual machine. 1. Create a temporary directory for the installation, and set the ownership and permissions as follows:
# # # # mkdir /home/ep1db-ins chown root:sapinst /home/ep1db-ins chmod 0755 /home/ep1db-ins cd /home/ep1db-ins
2. Start the installation using the sapinst command on the Installation Master media: Note: be sure to use the SAPINST_USE_HOSTNAME parameter.
# /software/erp-sybase/BS7i2010_Inst._Master_SYBASE___GA_/IM_LINUX_X86_64/sapinst SAPINST_USE_HOSTNAME=sapep1db
3. Choose Database Instance from the SAP NetWeaver installation screen:
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4. On the Define Parameters dialog, choose Typical Installation:
5. Provide the path to the required software (UC Kernel NW 7.20) media:
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6. Provide the path of the profile directory:
7. Enter the master password:
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8. Enter the path to the two media of Installation Export ECC 6.0 EHP5. Export 1:
and Export 2:
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9. Enter the path to the Sybase database media:
10. On the summary page, you have a chance to review your selections and make changes if necessary. If everything is correct, click Next to start the installation:
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11. A Task Progress screen is displayed, showing the installation progress:
7.3 Central Instance Installation

The following steps demonstrate installation of the central instance. 1. Create a temporary directory for the installation:
# # # # mkdir /home/ep1ci-ins chown root:sapinst /home/ep1ci-ins chmod 0755 /home/ep1ci-ins cd /home/ep1ci-ins
2. Start the installation using the sapinst command from the Installation Master media: Note: be sure to use the SAPINST_USE_HOSTNAME parameter.
# /software/erpsybase/BS7i2010_Inst._Master_SYBASE___GA_/IM_LINUX_X86_64/sapinst SAPINST_USE_HOSTNAME=sapep1ci
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3. Choose Central Instance from the SAP NetWeaver installation screen:
4. You can choose Typical to have the installer set the default values for most parameters. Or, choose Custom if you prefer to set the values for your installation:
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5. Specify the location of the required software package (UC Kernel NW 7.20) media:
6. Enter the profile directory of the SAP system:
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7. Enter the master password for all users:
8. Enter the location of the Sybase ASE database installation media:
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9. You can choose to install the SAP Cryptographic Library or skip it:
10. Enter the diagnostics agent system ID (DASID):
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11. Enter the System Landscape Directory (SLD) destination for the diagnostics agent. If you already have a central SLD, you can register in the existing central SLD, which is recommended. Or, choose No SLD destination:
12. Review the Parameter Summary, and make changes accordingly. If everything is correct, click Next to begin the installation:
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13. A Task Progress screen is displayed, showing the installation progress:
SAP ERP 6.0 EHP 5 on Sybase is now installed.
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8 Live Migration
Live migration is the ability to move a running virtual machine between physical hosts in a Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization environment with no interruption of service. Live migration is transparent to the end user: the virtual machine remains powered on and user applications continue to run while the virtual machine is relocated to the new physical host. The following example illustrates how to migrate a virtual machine to a new physical host in a Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization environment. 1. From the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager, select the virtual machine you wish to migrate and then click the Migrate button:
Or, you can right click to display the context menu for the virtual machine and then select Migrate:
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2. Select the host you wish to migrate to. You can select a specific host, or you can have Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization choose automatically. The destination host must belong to the same cluster:
3. The virtual machine will now run on the new host.
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9 Next Steps
Your feedback is important to us. Send your questions and comments to sap@redhat.com. For more information on Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization, visit http://www.redhat.com/rhev/ or contact your local Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization reseller.
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Installing SAP on Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization 3.

Version 1.0 January 2012

2 Install Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager............................................ 5 3 Install Hosts...................................................................................................... 7

4 Configure Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization..................................................... 9

5 Configure Virtual Machines............................................................................ 17

6 Prepare for SAP Installation........................................................................... 25

7 Install SAP ..................................................................................................... 33

8 Live Migration ................................................................................................ 49 9 Next Steps...................................................................................................... 51

1.1 Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Overview

1.2 Prerequisites and Assumptions

2 Install Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager

3.1 Install Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Hypervisor

3.2 Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux Host

4 Configure Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization

4.1 Configure Windows Client Access to the Administration Portal

3. Add the administration portal to the browser's list of trusted sites:

4. Restart Internet Explorer to access the administration portal.

4.2 Log in to the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager

4.3 Configure Data Center

2. The New Data Center form is displayed:

4.4 Configure the Cluster

2. Fill in the parameters, specifying the name of the new cluster:

3. Select memory optimization:

The new cluster is created.

4.5 Add Red Hat Enterprise Linux Hosts

4.6 Add Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Hypervisor Hosts

3. Edit the Power Management information, then click OK:

4.7 Configure Storage

3. Add the path to the new domain:

5 Configure Virtual Machines

5.1 Create Virtual Machine

4. Take the default values for the distribution file location:

5.3 Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux on the Virtual Machine

2. Move Network (PXE) to the top of the boot sequence:

5.4 Configure the New Server's Network

5.5 Register the New Server with Red Hat Network

5.6 Add Child Channels for the New Server

3. Add the RHEL for SAP channel to the subscription:

6 Prepare for SAP Installation

6.1 SAP Notes

6.2 Firewall Configuration

6.3 Set SELinux to Permissive

6.5 Kernel Parameters

2. Use the sysctl command to activate the new settings:

6.6 Set Process Resource Limits

6.7 Install Additional Software Packages

6.8 Install JDK

2. Use yum to install the Java JDK:

6.9 Add Swap Space

2. Setup the swap file with the command:

6.10 Create Users and Groups

6.11 SAP Monitoring

6.11.1 Enable SAP Monitoring for a Virtual Machine

6.11.2 Verify the SAP Monitoring

6.12 Make a Template of the Virtual Machine

6.13 Create Virtual NICs

3. Verify the new virtual NICs are configured. For example:

6.14 Create Mount Points

6.15 Set the Environment for Installation

5. Verify the following limits are set for your environment:

7.1 Global Host Preparation

4. Choose Typical for the parameter mode setting: