CHAPTER 26

HINT FOR EXERCISE 2

(a) Use the denition of capacitance: q = CV , where q is the charge on the positive plate and V is the potential dierence between the plates. (b) Remember that capacitance depends only on geometric factors, not on the charge or potential dierence. (c) Solve q = CV for V .

CHAPTER 26

HINT FOR EXERCISE 8

(a) The capacitance of a spherical capacitor is given by C= 4 0 ab , (b a)

where a is the radius of the inner plate and b is the radius of the outer plate. (b)The capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor is given by C=
0A

where A is the plate area and d is the plate separation. Set d = 40.0 38.0 = 2.0 mm and solve for A.

CHAPTER 26

HINT FOR EXERCISE 10

Capacitors C1 and C2 are in series, so their equivalent capacitance is C12 = 1 C! C2 = . 1 + 1 C1 + C2 C1 C2

Capacitor C3 is in parallel with C12 , so the equivalent capacitance of the combination is C123 = C1 + C12 = C1 + C1 C2 . C1 + C2

CHAPTER 26

HINT FOR PROBLEM 14

Data are given in Exercise 13. First nd the potential dierence across C1 before C3 breaks down. C1 and C2 are in parallel, so their equivalent capacitance is C12 = C1 + C2 . C12 and C3 are in series, so their equivalent capacitance is C123 = 1 1 1 C12 + C3 = C12 C3 (C1 + C2 )C3 = . C12 + C3 C1 + C2 + C3

The charge on the equivalent capacitor is q = C123 V , where V = 100 V. The potential dierence across C3 is V3 = and the potential dierence across C1 is V1 = V V 3 . After C3 breaks down the potential dierence across C1 is V , so the change in the potential dierence is V1 = V (V V3 ) = V3 . The change in the charge on C1 is q1 = C1 V1 . q C3

CHAPTER 26

HINT FOR PROBLEM 16

(a) The potential dierence across C1 is V1 = 10 V and the charge on it is q1 = C1 V1 . (b) Find the equivalent capacitance of the four capacitors on the right side of the circuit, then work backwards to nd the charge on C2 . Let C be the capacitance of any one of the capacitors. Two of them are in series and have an equivalent capacitance of C/2. This combination is in parallel with another capacitor, so the equivalent capacitance of the group of three is C + C/2 = 1.5C. Finally, the group of three is in series with another capacitor, so the equivalent capacitance of the right side of the circuit is (1.5C)(C) = 0.6C . 1.5C + C The charge on the equivalent capacitor is q = 0.6CV . This is the same as the charge on the lowest capacitor on the right side of the circuit. The potential dierence across the lowest capacitor on the right is VL = q/C and the potential dierence across the capacitor on the far right is VU = V VL . This is the same as the potential dierence across the combination of two capacitors in series. The charge on either of these is the same as the charge on their equivalent capacitor (C/2). It is (C/2)VU .

CHAPTER 26

HINT FOR PROBLEM 20

(a) When only switch S1 is closed capacitors C1 and C3 are in series. The charge on each of them is the same as the charge on their equivalent capacitor. The equivalent capacitance is C13 = 1 1 1 C1 + C3 = C1 C3 . C1 + C3

The potential dierence across the combination of the same as the potential dierence V across the battery. Thus C1 C3 V. q1 = q2 = C13 V = C1 + C3 Similarly, C2 and C4 are in series. Their charges are q2 = q4 = C24 V = C2 C4 V. C2 + C4

(b) When switch S2 is also closed C1 and C3 are no longer in series and C2 and C4 are no longer in series. Now C1 and C2 are in parallel and C3 and C4 are in parallel. First nd the equivalent capacitance of the whole circuit. The equivalent capacitance of C1 and C2 is C12 = C1 + C2 and the equivalent capacitance of C3 and C4 is C34 = C3 + C4 . These two equivalent capacitors are in series, so their equivalent capacitance is C1234 = 1 C12 C34 = . 1 + 1 C12 + C34 C12 C34

The charge on the equivalent capacitor is q1234 = C1234 V . This is the same as the charge on each of the two equivalent capacitors C12 and C34 , so the potential dierence across the equivalent capacitor C12 is q1234 V12 = C12 and the potential dierence across the equivalent capacitor C34 is q1234 V34 = . C34 Finally, the charge on C1 is q1 = C1 V12 , the charge on C2 is q2 = C2 V12 , the charge on C3 is q3 = C3 V34 , and the charge on C4 is q4 = C4 V34 .

CHAPTER 26

HINT FOR EXERCISE 24

(a) The capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor is given by C=

0A

where A is the area of a plate and d is the plate separation. (b) The magnitude of the charge on either plate is given by q = CV , where V is the potential dierence across the plates. (c) The energy stored in a capacitor is given by 1 U = CV 2 . 2 (d) The magnitude of the electric eld between the plates is given by E=
0

where is the surface charge density (charge per unit area) on the positive plate. (e) The energy density is given by u= 1 2 0E . 2

CHAPTER 26

HINT FOR PROBLEM 32

If the sphere has charge Q, the electric potential at its surface is V = Q 4 0 R

and the electric eld just outside its surface is E= V Q = . 2 4 0 R R

The energy density just outside the surface is u=

2 1 0V E2 = . 0 2 2R2

CHAPTER 26

HINT FOR EXERCISE 34

The capacitance of a capacitor that is lled with a dielectric is given by Cnew = 0A , d

where is the dielectric constant, A is the area of each plate, and d is the plate separation. Let s be the separation of the old capacitor (before the dielectric was added and the plate separation was doubled). Replace d with 2s and observe that 0 A/s is the capacitance of the old capacitor. Thus 0A Cnew = = Cold . 2s 2 Solve for .

CHAPTER 26

HINT FOR PROBLEM 38

The capacitance is given by Eq. 2614 of the text, multiplied by the dielectric constant of Pyrex (4.7, according to Table 261 of the text): C= 2 0 L , ln(b/a)

where a is the inner radius, b is the outer radius, and L is the height of the glass. If Emax is the dielectric strength of Pyrex and d is the thickness of the glass (the dierence between the inner and out radii), then the breakdown potential is Vb = Emax d .

CHAPTER 26

HINT FOR PROBLEM 40

Think of the given capacitor as being two capacitors. Their potential dierences are the same since they share the same conducting plates, so they are in parallel. Each has area A/2 and plate separation d, so one of them has a capacitance of C1 = and the other has a capacitance of C2 = 2 0 A/2 . d 1 0 A/2 d

The capacitance of the given capacitor is the equivalent capacitance of the two, or C = C1 + C2 . Try the limiting cases 1 = 2 and 2 = 0.

CHAPTER 26

HINT FOR EXERCISE 44

q , V where q is magnitude of the charge on either plate and V is the magnitude of the potential dierence between the plates. Suppose charge q is on one plate and charge q is on the other. The magnitude of the electric eld in the part of the gap that does not contain dielectric is C= E1 = q 0a

(a) Use the denition of capacitance:

and the magnitude of the electric eld in the dielectric slab is E2 = E1 1 = , 0A

where kappa is the dielectric constant and A is the area of either plate. Both of these elds point downward in the diagram and both have uniform magnitudes in the regions in which they exist. The magnitude of the potential dierence between the plates is V = E ds = E1 (d b) + E2 b .

Substitute the expression for E1 and E2 , then substitute the result into the dening equation for the capacitance. (b) The magnitude of the charge on either plate is given by q = CV . (c) Substitute given values into the expression for E1 . (d) Substitute given values into the expression for E2 .

CHAPTER 26

HINT FOR PROBLEM 46

(a) The electric eld is reduced from its value in the absence of the dielectric material by the factor . Since the eld when the dielectric is absent is E0 =
0

where is the charge density on the positive plate, the eld in the presence of the dielectric is E0 . = E= 0 Solve for . (b) Let E be the electric eld produced by the induced charge. Since the total eld is the sum of the elds produced by the free and induced charges, E = E0 + E or E = E E0 = 1 ) = . 0 0 0

In terms of the induced charge density , this eld is E = Solve for . You should get
0

1 . Use this to show that the magnitude of the induced charge on one surface is = q = 1 q.