Design and analysis of hydraulic circuits

Dr. TJS Jothi Assistant Professor Mechanical Engineering Department NIT Calicut

Hydraulic circuit
Hydraulic circuit consist group of components to perform useful task
pumps Actuators Control valves and others

Hydraulic circuits should be

Safe to operate Performing the desired functions efficiently

Examples of hydraulic circuits

Can be highly complex such as actuating more than 500 cylinders at various time sequence. Simple examples
Control of single cylinder/double cylinder Regenerative circuit and so on

Control of single acting hydraulic cylinder

DCV used - ___ way, ___ position Actuation mode extension Spring offset mode - retraction

Control of double acting hydraulic cylinder

Spring Centered DCV Neutral positions is adjusted by springs DCV type - ____way ____ position
At Spring centered position Cylinder is hydraulically locked At position 1 Extension At position 2 - Retraction

Worked example
A double acting cylinder is hooked up to reciprocate. The relief valve setting is 70 bars. The piston area is 0.016 m2 and the rod area is 0.0045 m2. If the pump flow is 0.0013m3/s, find the cylinder speed and load-carrying capacity for the Extending stroke and Retracting stroke Extending Stroke Cylinder speed, Vp,ext = Qp / AP = ____ 0.0813 m / s Load carrying capacity, Fload = P x AP = ____ 112 kN Retraction Stroke Cylinder speed, Vp,ext = Qp / (AP - Ar) = ____ 0.113 m / s Load carrying capacity, Fload = P x (AP - Ar) = ____ 80.5kN

Regenerative circuit
To Speed up the extension speed of double acting hydraulic cylinder. Retraction at regular speed as double acting cylinder Total flow during extension = pump flow + flow from rod end of cylinder (regenerative flow)

On solving

Ratio of extending to retraction speed

Speed during retraction

Speed during extension

Ratio of speeds

When two speeds become equal?

When piston area equals two times the rod area

Load-Carrying Capacity during Extension

load-carrying capacity of a regenerative cylinder during extension is less than that obtained from a regular double-acting cylinder

Application of Regenerative circuit Drilling machine

At tandem neutral, spring centered position extension rapid spindle rotation At position 1 Extension with lower feed

At position 2 Piston retraction

Worked example-1
A double acting cylinder is hooked up in the regenerative circuit. The relief valve setting is 70 bars. The piston area is 0.016 m2 and the rod area is 0.0045 m2. If the pump flow is 0.0013m3/ s, find the cylinder speed and load- carrying capacity for the Extending stroke and Retracting stroke. Extending Stroke:

Retracting Stroke

Worked example - 2
A double acting cylinder is hooked up in the regenerative circuit. The relief valve setting is 105 bars and the pump flow is 0.0016 m3 / s. If the regenerative and retracting speed are equal to 0.25 m/ s, find the piston and rod area and also load- carrying capacity for the Extending stroke and Retracting stroke.