IV.

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

The female reproductive system has both external and internal components. Female external structures:

The structure that forms the female external genitalia is termed the vulva. 1. MONS VENERIS- is a pad of adipose tissue located over the symphisis pubis, the pelvic bone joint. Its purpose is to protect the junction of the pubic bone from trauma. 2. LABIA MINORA- just posterior to the mons veneris spread two hairless folds of connective tissue. 3. LABIA MAJORA- two fold of adipose tissue covered by loose connective tissue and epithelium, positioned to the labia minora. 4. VESTIBULE-Flattened smooth surface inside the labia. 5. CLITORIS- small, approximately 1 to 2 cm, rounded organ of erectile tissue at the forward junction of the labia minora. 6. PREPUCE- fold skin that covers the clitoris 7. HYMEN- tough but elastic semicircle of tissue that covers the opening to the vagina in childhood.

Female Internal Structures: The internal reproductive organs are the ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the uterus, and the vagina.

1. OVARIES- Approximately 4cm long by 2 cm in diameter and approximately 1.5 cm thick or the size and shape of almonds and are greyish white. Located close to and in both sides of the uterus in the lower abdomen. The function of two ovaries (the female gonads) is to produce mature and discharge ova (the egg cells). 2. FALLOPIAN TUBES- Approximately 10 cm in length in a mature woman. It rises from each upper corner of the uterine body and extends outward and backward until each opens at its distal end, next to an ovary. Their function is to convey the ovum from the ovaries to the uterus and to provide a place for fertilization of the ovum by sperm. 3. UTERUS- Is a hollow, muscular pear-shaped organ located in the lower pelvis, posterior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum. Its function is to receive the ovum from the fallopian tube; provide a place for implantation and nourishment during fetal growth; furnish protection to the growing fetus; and at maturity of the fetus, expel it from a womans body. Anatomically, the uterus consists of three divisions the body or corpus, the isthmus, and the cervix. 4. VAGINA- Is a hollow, musculomembranous canal located posterior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum. It extends from the cervix of the uterus to the external vulva. Its function is to act as an organ of intercourse and to convey sperm to the cervix so the sperm can meet with the ovum in the fallopian tube. 5. PREGNANCY-A period of conception to the birth of the baby.

MECHANISM OF LABOR

1. Descent- is the downward movement of the biparietal diameter of the fetal head to within the pelvic inlet. Full descent occurs when the fetal head extrudes beyond tha dilated cervix and touches the posterior vaginal floor. Descent occurs because of pressure on the fetus by the uterine fundus. 2. Flexion-fetal head bends forward onto the chest, making the smallest anteroposterior diameter the one presented to the birth canal. Flexion is also aided by abdominal muscle contraction during pushing. 3. Internal Rotation- The head flexes as it touches the pelvic floor, and the occiput rotates until it is superior, or just below the symphisis pubis, bringing the head into the relationship to the outlet of the pelvis. 4. Extension- As the occiput is born, back of the neck stop beneath the pubis arch and acts as a pivot for the rest of the head. The head extends, and the foremost parts of the head, the face, and chin, are born. 5. External Rotation- the head rotates back to the diagonal or transverse position of the early part of labor. The anterior shoulder is born first, assisted perhaps by downward flexion of the infants head. 6. Expulsion- this is the end of the pelvic division of labor. Once the shoulders are born, the rest of the body is born easily and smoothly because of its smaller size.

Bukidnon State University Malaybalay City College of Nursing

In Partial Fulfilment of a Case Study on Pregnancy Uterine full term delivered NSVD a live baby girl 2.5 kg. G1P1 (1201)

SUBMITTED TO: Beulah Joy K. Damasco R.N, MAN Second Year Level Clinical Instructor

SUBMITTED BY: Cabusas, Lodeme Palado, Marcher Rellita, Jezza Ronolo, Ma. Vanessa Santillan, Cheerille Serafin, Terence Silvano, FilJhun Telin, Marvin Tortola, Loweelyn