A Technical Project Report

On

DIGITAL JEWELLERY
Submitted to

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD (A.P)

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQURIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING BY

HUSNA ALI 09JOIA0462

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

GREENFORT ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Bandlaguda,Near Chandryangutta X Road Keshavgiri (p),
Hyderabad-05,AP.INDIA

GREENFORT ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Bandlaguda,Near Chandryangutta X Road Keshavgiri (p),
Hyderabad-05,AP.INDIA

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled

DIGITAL JEWELLERY
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY OF THE

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD (A.P)

Is Record Of Bonafide Work Carried Out By

HUSNA ALI

09JOIA0462

Under our supervision and that no part of this project has been submitted for the award of any other degree,diploma,fellowship or similar titles or prizes and that the work has not been published in scientific or popular journal or magazine

Ms.AFREEN BANU

Mr.MOHAMMAD ILIYAS

INTERNAL GUIDE

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

Mr.KHAJA MOHIUDDIN

DECLARATION
This is to declare that the project entitled DIGITAL JEWELLERYsubmitted by me in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of bachelor of technology in Electronics And Communication during the period Feb-March 2013 under the supervision and guidance of Ms.AFREEN BANU,Assistnt professor in

GREENFORT ENGINEERING COLLEGE ,Hyderabad.

BY: HUSNA ALI (09J01A0462)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I extended my warm respect to our principal Mr.KHAJA MOHIUDDIN for his moral support anr for providing in infrastructure ,computer & lab facilities. I wish to acknowledge our sincere thanks to our Head of the department (E.C.E),Mr.MOHAMMAD ILIYAS for his permission to carry out the technical project . I take this opportunity to acknowledgement the help and guidance extended me by MISS AFREEN BANU Assistant professor of ECE department with whose constant help and encouragement, this project has reached completion I thankful to all our faculty members of ECE department and the non teaching staff ,librarians and all those who have directly or indirectly help us in the completion of the project. with regards,

HUSNA ALI(09J01A0462)

ABSTRACT
Mobile computing is beginning to break the chains that tie us to our desks, but many of today's mobile devices can still be a bit awkward to carry around. In the next age of computing, there will be an explosion of computer parts across our bodies, rather than across our desktops. Basically, jewellery adorns the body, and has very little practical purpose. However, researchers are looking to change the way we think about the beads and bobbles we wear. The combination of microcomputer devices and increasing computer power has allowed several companies to begin producing fashion jewellery with embedded intelligence i.e., Digital jewellery. Digital jewellery can best be defined as wireless, wearable computers that allow you to communicate by ways of e-mail, voicemail, and voice communication. This paper enlightens on how various computerized jewellery (like ear-rings, necklace, ring, bracelet, etc.,) will work with mobile embedded intelligence.

It seems that everything we access today is under lock and key. Even the devices we use are protected by passwords. It can be frustrating trying to keep with all of the passwords and keys needed to access any door or computer program. This paper discusses about a new Java-based, computerized ring that will automatically unlock doors and log on to computers.
By the end of the decade, we could be wearing our computers instead of sitting in front of them.

CONTENTS

1.

INTRODUCTION

2. 2.1 2.2. 2.3. 2.4.

WHAT IS DIGITAL JEWELLERY? Historical context Digital jewellery and its components Technical specifications of digital jewellery Display technologies

6 6 7 9 9

3.

ELECTROMAGNETIC BEADS

11

4. 4.1 4.2 4.3

PROTOTYPES OF DIGITAL JEWELLERY HIOX Necklace HIOX Ring IBMs Bracelet Display

12 12 12 13

5. 5.1 5.2

JAVA RING Introduction Working

14 14 14

5.3

Features

15

6. 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6

CURRENT AND ONGOING ACHIEVEMENTS CharmBadge Intelligent Spectacles Smart Wristwatch Magic Decoder Ring Charmed Communicator Eyepiece Mouse-Ring

16 16 16 17 17 18 18

7.

ADVANTAGES

20

8.

CONCLUSION

21

9.

REFERENCES

22

1. INTRODUCTION

Recent technological advancements have resulted in a climate where technology is too intrusive the increased miniaturisation and mobility of digital technologies has led to a number of proposals for digital objects which use jewellery as a way to locate communication and information devices on the body. However, these developments are emerging from outside the field of contemporary jewellery. Consequently digital jewellery is significantly under-explored within contemporary jewellery practice and the emerging developments from other fields present a narrow interpretation of both jewellery and digital technologies. In terms of aesthetics there is a distinct naivety regarding the form, material, connection with the body and scope of interaction of a digital jewellery object. Moreover there is a paucity of approaches that consider emotional and intimate attachments people form with and around objects. These limitations are evident in both physical and conceptual constraints. Beyond this, the qualities that we have come to associate with the digital are born from a predominantly consumer electronics field and are both narrow and hindering if we wish to consider digital technologies having wider, more emotional scope in our lives. Therefore an exploration of digital jewellery that addresses these issues and seeks to escape the limiting assumptions we have of the digital is needed.

The latest computer craze has been to be able to wear wireless computers. The Computer Fashion Wave, "Digital Jewellery" looks to be the next sizzling fashion trend of the technological wave. The combination of shrinking computer devices and increasing computer power has allowed several companies to begin producing fashion jewellery with embedded intelligence. Todays, manufacturers place millions of transistors on a microchip, which can be used to make small devices that store tons of digital data.. The whole concept behind this is to be able to communicate to others by means of wireless appliances. The other key factor of this concept market is to stay fashionable at the same time. Researchers have already created an array of digital-jewellery prototypes.

2. WHAT IS DIGITAL JEWELLERY?

Digital jewellery is the fashion jewellery with embedded intelligence. Digital jewellery can help you solve problems like forgotten passwords and security badges. Digital jewellery is a nascent catchphrase for wearable ID devices that contain personal information like passwords, identification, and account information. They have the potential to be all-in-one replacements for your drivers license, key chain, business cards, credit cards, health insurance card, corporate security badge, and loose cash. They can also solve a common dilemma of todays wired world the forgotten password. Digital jewellery can come in other forms as well. Innovators at IBM and the MIT Media Laboratory have developed personal area networks (PANs) that transfer simple information via human touch, by capacitively coupling picoamp currents through the body. A low-level electric current carries the information from transmitter to receiver, passing simple identifying information like name, title, and phone number. As digital jewellery matures, this kind of function is a natural inclusion to the feature set. Other possible inclusions are memory aids, PDA functions, and environmental augmentation.

2.1. OVERVIEW
The phenomenon of the wearable computer has arisen from the desire to create a mobile, personal computer system. The makers of wearables aim to house the personal computer on the body maintaining the convention of screen, keyboard and mouse. Wearables have been worn (by their originators) despite their bulky size and weight, and it is readily apparent that considerations of the aesthetic possibilities or the intimate nature of the relationship between the body and the object remains under-explored. Technological innovation has to date been the dominant concern for wearables research. Thad Starner (2001) outlined the challenges facing the development of wearables as power use, heat dissipation, networking, interface design and privacy; with no mention of the users emotional experiences of such devices.

Bubblebadge (Fig 2.1.1) and Body Coupled FingeRing (Fig 2.1.2) are examples of early humancomputer interaction outputs. Each example posits jewellery as a vehicle for digital communication, and the body as a mobile location for such devices.

Fig 2.1.1: The Bubblebadge: A wearable Public Display

Fig 2.1.2: Body Coupled FingeRing: Wireless Wearable Keyboard

The Bubblebadge houses a digital display, to display text generated by the wearer, by a specific environment or by the viewer. In one scenario the brooch could show the viewer if they had received any new emails, at which point the viewer may end the conversation with the wearer and go and check her or his emails. FingeRing similarly focuses on usability and treats the body as a convenient location to situate an electronic device. Sensors are attached to each finger in the form of rings to facilitate the input of data into a portable or wearable personal digital assistant (PDA).

IBM Research has been exploring digital jewellery through the work of Denise Chan, a mechanical engineering graduate. Chans concept was a set of jewellery objects, which together functioned as a wearable mobile phone.

2.2. DIGITAL JEWELLERY AND ITS COMPONENTS Soon, cell phones will take a totally new form, appearing to have no form at all. Instead of one single device, cell phones will be broken up into their basic components and packaged as various pieces of digital jewellery. Each piece of jewellery will contain a fraction of the

components found in a conventional mobile phone. Together, the digital-jewellery cell phone should work just like a conventional cell phone.

The various components that are inside a cell phone: Microphone, Receiver, Touch pad, Display, Circuit board, Antenna, and Battery. IBM has developed a prototype of a cell phone that consists of several pieces of digital jewellery that will work together wirelessly, possibly with Blue tooth wireless technology, to perform the functions of the above components.

Fig 2.2: Cell phones may one day be comprised of digital accessories that work together through wireless connections.

Here are the pieces of computerized-jewellery phone (Fig 2.2) and their functions:

Earrings: Speakers embedded into these earrings will be the phone's receiver. Necklace: Users will talk into the necklace's embedded microphone. Ring: Perhaps the most interesting piece of the phone, this "magic decoder ring is equipped with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that flash to indicate an incoming call. It can also be programmed to flash different colors to identify a particular caller or indicate the importance of a call.

Bracelet: Equipped with a video graphics array (VGA) display, this wrist display could also be used as a caller identifier that flashes the name and phone number of the caller.

With a jewellery phone, the keypad and dialing function could be integrated into the bracelet, or else dumped altogether ; it's likely that voice-recognition software will be used to make calls, a capability that is already commonplace in many of today's cell phones. Simply say the name of the person you want to call and the phone will dial that person. IBM is also working on a miniature rechargeable battery to power these components.

2.3. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF DIGITAL JEWELLERY Digital jewellery devices consist of a screen or display for information, most likely consisting of 7-16-segment, or dot matrix LEDs, LCDs, or other technologies such as electroluminescent material (EL) or others, which could become an optional display . So too, an audiovisual or other 'display' could consist of a speaker, a single flashing light, a sensor of some kind (such as a temperature driven EL display), or other informational aesthetic. The display layer sits on a face of the device, which is enclosed in some material such as plastic, metal, crystal, or other material. It has external switches and buttons on its side and a data-port for accessing the programmable electronic circuit inside. A micro controller that is a surface mounted device (SMD) on a printed circuit board (PCB) with resistors (R) and capacitors (C) are the internal 'guts' of the jewellery.

2.4. DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES The digital jewellery display, for instance, every alphabet and number system has found representation within the electronics realm and 'dot-matrix' (a matrix of single LEDs) is used to display Chinese and Japanese and other character sets, as can the alternative display for LCDs (liquid-crystal-displays) also be used, as often found in watches.

Fig 2.4: Alphanumeric or Graphic Display types

Digital Jewellery can be made in many different sizes and shapes with a variety of materials ranging from plastic and metal to rubber and glass. They utilize electromagnetic properties and electronics to display information through a screen or display of some kind. This could range from LED 7-segment, 16-segment, dot matrix, and other programmable LEDs devices to LCDs, OLEDs, and other displays (Fig 2.3 ), which are all driven by the selfcontained jewellery devices themselves.

3. ELECTROMAGNETIC BEADS
The closest comparison to Electromagnetic Beads (Fig 3) is that of 'beads' which are strung together to make a custom necklace or bracelet, with interchangeable electromagnetic component systems or devices. One bead may be a capacitor on the inside, and a solar panel on the outside. Another bead may have an internal resistor which feed power into a programmed microcontroller bead which drives an external screen, with other options available in a variety of bead configurations which compose a circuit, including beads with a piezo element, voltage regulator, crystal, or rechargeable battery as part of the modular jewel circuit. The number of data pins on the microcontroller needs to be enough to easily program the display layer plus the switches without overly complex and advanced coding methods

Fig 3: Electromagnetic Beads

The key to the device's ability to work effectively is a balancing of electronic components within the circuit with a light-duty processing and limited power consumption required for the display layer.

4. PROTOTYPES OF DIGITAL JEWELLERY

4.1. HIOX NECKLACE

Fig 4.1: HIOX Necklace Complete HIOX necklace showing all 26 letters of the Roman alphabet extended in 4-

dimensional space-time. Metal with leather cord.

4.2. HIOX RING

Fig 4.2. HIOX Ring

It is a programmable HIOX ring with 16-segment LED display.

4.3. IBMs BRACELET DISPLAY

Fig 4.3. IBMs Bracelet Display

Prototype bracelet display developed by IBM

5. THE JAVA RING

5.1. INTRODUCTION

It seems that everything we access today is under lock and key. Even the devices we use are protected by passwords. It can be frustrating trying to keep with all of the passwords and keys needed to access any door or computer program. Dallas Semiconductor is developing a new Java-based, computerized ring that will automatically unlock doors and log on to computers.

Fig 5.1: Java ring

5.2. WORKING

The Java Ring can be programmed to give you access to every door and device. It is snapped into a reader, called a blue dot receptor, to allow communication between a receptor and the java ring.

Fig 5.2: Blue Dot receptor

The Java Ring is a stainless-steel ring, 16-millimeters (0.6 inches) in diameter, which houses a 1million-transistor processor, called an iButton. The ring has 134 KB of RAM, 32 KB of ROM, a real-time clock and a Java virtual machine, which is a piece of software that recognizes the Java language and translates it for the user's computer system. Digital jewelry, (designed to supplement the personal computer,) will be the evolution in digital technology that makes computer elements entirely compatible with the human form.

5.3. Features of Java Ring:

Runs Java better (plus portions enhance Java Card 2.0) Careful attention to physical security (rapid zeroization) Durability to stand up to everyday use High memory capacity (up to 134K bytes NV SRAM) Retail connectivity to 250 million existing computers (less if designed-in before manufacturing)

6. CURRENT AND ONGOING ACHIEVEMENTS

6.1. CHARMBADGE

Fig 6.1: CharmBadge

CharmBadge was developed by Charmed Technologies. Fig 6.1 shows the CharmBadge placed in front of an IR transmitter/receiver dongle connected to one of THE laptops. CharmBadge management software allowed to change many of the CharmBadge settings using the IR dongle such as: activate, deactivate, assignment to attendees, affinity score, download interactions, etc.

6.2. INTELLIGENT SPECTACLES

Fig 6.2: Intelligent Spectacles

This could be the shape of designer glasses to come. These intelligent spectacles (Fig 6.2) let you surf the web or check your e-mail, whenever and wherever you want. Your eye would serve as a mouse, with menu items selected by focusing your attention on an item on screen.

6.3. SMART WRIST WATCH

Fig 6.3: Smart Wrist Watch

Having the power of a computer on your wrist may sound like science fiction. But this is the idea behind the wristwatch PDA (Fig 6.3). It would have a widescreen display to watch video, and voice recognition technology so that you can use it by simply talking to your wrist. And of course, it also tells you the time.

6.4. MAGIC DECODER RING

Fig 6.4: IBM's magic decoder rings will flash when you get a call.

IBMs magic decoder ring (Fig 6.4) that flashes for phone calls could also inform you that e-mail is piling up in your inbox. This flashing alert could also indicate the urgency of the email. 6.5. CHARMED COMMUNICATOR EYEPIECE

Fig 6.5: Charmed Communicator Eyepiece

Charmed Technology is already marketing its digital jewellery, including a futuristiclooking eyepiece display (Fig 6.5). The eyepiece is the display component of the company's Charmed Communicator, a wearable, wireless, broadband-Internet device that can be controlled by voice, pen or handheld keypad. The Communicator can be used as an MP3 player, video player and cell phone. The Communicator runs on the company's Linux-based Nanix operating system. The eyepiece above displays images and data received wirelessly from the Communicator's belt module.
6.6. MOUSE-RING

The mouse-ring that IBM is developing will use the company's Track Point technology to wirelessly move the cursor on a computer-monitor display. (Track Point is the little button embedded in the keyboard of some laptops). IBM Researchers have transferred TrackPoint technology to a ring, which looks something like a black-pearl ring. On top of the ring is a little black ball that users will swivel to move the cursor, in the same way that the TrackPoint button on a laptop is used.

This Track Point ring will be very valuable when monitors shrink to the size of watch face. In the coming age of ubiquitous computing, displays will no longer be tied to desktops or wall screens. Instead, you'll wear the display like a pair of sunglasses or a bracelet. Researchers are overcoming several obstacles facing these new wearable displays, the most important of which is the readability of information displayed on these tiny devices.

7. CONCLUSION
The basic idea behind the digital jewellery concept is to have the convenience of wireless, wearable computers while remaining fashionably sound. It is hoped to be marketable soon, however, several bugs remain such as charging capabilities and cost.

By the end of the decade, we could be wearing our computers instead of sitting in front of them.

8. REFERENCES
[1]. www.IBM.com [2]. www.howstuffworks.com [3]. www.infoworld.com [4]. www.ibutton.com