Valenzuela City Polytechnic College: Kamagong St. Fortune Village VI, Parada Valenzuela City

Page |1 VALENZUELA CITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
Kamagong St. Fortune Village VI, Parada Valenzuela City
COMMON PROBLEMS BEING FACED BY SELECTED WORKING STUDENTS IN VALENZUELA CITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
A Research In Partial Fulfillment Of Requirements In Special Project Research By:
Espayos Princess Ingcog Jemar Padual Ronalyn Subido Lovel Terrayo Bernard
October 2012

TABLE OF CONTENTS PRELIMINARY Title Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii Chapters I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Conceptual Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Significance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Scope and Delimitation of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Hypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
II.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Foreign Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

III.
METHODOLOGY Locale of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 VCPCs Brief History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Research method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Respondents and Settings of the Study . . . . . . . . . . 32 Data Gathering Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Instruments used in the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Statistical Treatment of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
IV.
THE PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION OF DATA
ANALYSIS
AND
V.
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Summary of the Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 CURRICULUM VITAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

LIST OF TABLES Table Number Title Page
1. Profile of the Respondents in terms of Age and Gender 36 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Number of Siblings Previous General Average Academic Achievement of the Parents Occupation of the Parents Family Income Source of Allowance Teachers Characteristic Classroom Practices of the Teachers Curriculum Content 38 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 47

LIST OF FIGURES Figure Number 1 2 Title Paradigm of the Study Civil Status of the Respondents Page 12 37

CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Working students are prevalent in local colleges and universities nowadays. These are individuals who spend time working in school, offices and enrolled in that school to study at the same time. Their working incentive serves as their payment for tuition fees and other miscellaneous expenses. There are also some students who are employed part-time in many industries and companies apart from educational institutions. There are actually numerous students who are employed part-time to support their studies. Their jobs are either based in the community or in the school. Almost all schools, universities and colleges in the Philippines have a good number of hard-working employed students. In Valenzuela City Polytechnic College, in spite of the low cost of tuition fees with respect to the financial support of the local government of Valenzuela and other Non-Government Organizations, a few students still avail of the Student Assistance Program offered by the institution. In fact, there are about ten to fifteen qualified part timers currently being sponsored by the said program. In return, they have to serve in respective offices assigned to them for at least eight hours a day and four days a week.

It is also obvious that these working students are highly motivated both in work and in studies. However certain factors have to be taken into consideration to maintain their motivation and good performance both in studies and in work. One of the factors is the problems faced by each one of them. For example, their study habits may be affected as to how long they take time to study and work. Aside from academic problems and time management conflicts, the working students may also face different types of problems in different aspects and in varying degrees. Such are being studied to come up with creative solutions to address working students personal needs through proper guidance not only in Valenzuela City Polytechnic College but also in other schools, colleges, and universities. As a researcher, the main purpose of the study is to know the reasons and common problems being faced by selected working students in Valenzuela City Polytechnic College and the relationship and difference between the two, if there is. In addition, this paper aims to provide encouragement and motivation to all students especially those who are financially distressed to pursue and finish a college degree in order to be competitive in the future and be able to realize their goals and aspirations. It may also provide learning experiences and information to other students who are not working.

Conceptual Framework The given conceptual framework below is based and develops from the work of Helen Lingard (2007) on the integrated model of the workuniversity interface.
Figure 1 explains that work-university conflict represents the extent to which involvement in one role (e.g. work) interferes with students ability to participate in the other role (e.g. university). However, consistent with the research on the work-family interface, work-university conflict is conceptualized as a bi-directional phenomenon. Therefore, a distinction is made between the extent to which participation in paid work interferes with

students ability to meet university responsibilities (work-to-university conflict) and the extent to which participation in university life interferes with students ability to fulfil the requirements of their paid work (universityto work conflict).
Statement of the Problem The main thrust of the study is to determine the reasons and common problems of the selected working students in Valenzuela City Polytechnic College. The researcher wanted to find out the answers to the following questions: 1. What is the personal profile of the respondent in terms of 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2. Gender Civil Status Age Monthly Family Income Sources of Allowance
How much time do the students spend in work? How much time do they spend in study?
3. What is the common reason why selected working students at
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Valenzuela City Polytechnic College opted to work and study at the same time? 4. What are the common problems being faced by selected working
students in Valenzuela City Polytechnic College in terms of: 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 5. Studies, Work, Family, and Health
Is there a significant difference between the reason cited by the
working students and the problems faced by the aforesaid in relation to studies, family, work and health? Significance of the study The results of this study are beneficial to the following: a. Students realize the value of education and work b. Teachers support and understanding to the needs of their students c. Readers make them informed and better understand situations or problems encountered by this group of students. Lastly, the findings of this study will serve as a foundation for future studies of other researches either students or professional.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study The study directly involved the 21 randomly selected working students from various courses, sections and levels in Valenzuela City Polytechnic College during the school year 2012-2013 who identified the reasons and problems encountered in studying and working at the same time in terms of work, study, family and health. It also took into account the number hours spent on working and studying respectively. Hypothesis There is no significant difference between the reason cited by the working students and the problems faced by the aforesaid in relation to studies, family, work and health
Definition of Terms Some terms are presented and defined for the guidance and proper information of all concerned. Common having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual Problems is an obstacle, impediment, difficulty or challenge, or any situation that invites resolution; the resolution of which is

recognized as a solution or contribution toward a known purpose or goal. A problem implies a desired outcome coupled with an apparent deficiency, doubt or inconsistency that prevents the outcome from taking place. Working Students- are students getting paid to do a particular task or job for a given period of time in a particular school in exchange of free education and other incentives. It also refers to those students who work with pay, who are self-employed or who have their own business and who are studying after their work is over or in between class hours.
CHAPTER II Review of Related Literature The topic under discussion is the College and Industry Part-time and Full-time Working Students and its effect to Academic Performance. It also tackles the Work and University Interference and Conflicts that arise from these interference. The literature is worth reviewing because it will allow us to have further knowledge regarding the issue being presented in various perspectives.

Foreign Literature
According to recent study released by the Commission on Higher Education, about 216,000 students are juggling in both study and work. In recent years, the cost of financing an education has increased to such an extent that combining work and study is a necessity for many students (Lipke, 2000; Curtis and Lucas, 2001; Curtis and Williams, 2002). Curtis and Williams (2002) write of the "routinisation" of students combining paid work and study, suggesting that this is now the norm in the UK. Vickers et al. (2003) report a similar situation in Australia, highlighting the global significance of this trend.
The question of what may be the causes or reasons of why students tend to find a part time job or work while studying in a College has lead us to the works of John Baron of Napier University entitled STUDENT PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT. The issue of financial necessity has
In his paper, thus stated:
been mentioned elsewhere in this paper and there is a plethora of research that concludes the students requirement to contribute to the cost of their higher education has required students work part time (Curtis and Lucas, 2001, ABS, 2002; Curtis and Williams, 2002; Lashley, 2005). However there are other, perhaps less immediately noticeable reasons for

working part time whilst studying. Working while studying provides, quite naturally, students with an indication of the requirements that will be needed to function effectively in ones later career. Specifically, it has been found that students working part time develop team working, communication, customer care and practical skills (Lucas and Lammont, 2000). The development of these skills appears to be more important for students who are studying a vocationally specific programme, and McKechnie, Hobbs and Lindsay, (2000) considered that such students could directly relate the experiences of working part time which, in turn, enhanced and improved their academic knowledge, academic motivation and employment prospects. It might therefore be suggested that students involved in programmes which are vocationally specific and who work part time in the specific industry would, in addition to earning money, experience a range of academic, future career and skill development benefits. Consequently a number of researchers have concluded that a combination of financial need and the opportunity to gain experience, and ultimately enhance career opportunities, have prompted students to seek employment during term time in addition to the more traditional vacation employment (Curtis and Lucas, 2001).
In the study done by Jonathan M. Orszag, Peter R. Orszag, and Diane M. Whitmore, a difference between part-time work and full-time

work surfaced. They discussed the findings on whether there is an effect to the academic achievement of students. As I quote, students similarly generally perceive that limited work does not have a negative effect on their academics. Full-time work, on the other hand, does appear to have negative effects on student enrollment rates and academic performance. Their research suggests that, if possible, it may be prudent to find other ways of financing college so the student respondents can complete their degrees, maintain their academic performance levels, and thereby reap the long-term benefits of a college education. The work of Shann Hammond in the topic of THE EFFECT OF EMPLOYMENT ON THE SUCCESS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS has further strengthened the ideas of Whitmore saying Although working a large number of hours (20+) can be detrimental to students academic success, part time (specifically on campus) jobs can be very beneficial in many ways. Working a moderate number of hours often correlates with higher GPA. These jobs help students be more effective and organized and provide important skills. On campus jobs often lead to greater integration into the university and provide applicable work experience. Students should be very conscious of the number of hours they work. Although the line at which working becomes detrimental is ambiguous,

overworking may decrease GPA and increase time to graduation and dropout rates.
Moreover, the study of Lyn Robinson of the Australian Council For Educational Research on the topic The Effect of Part-time work to School students has gave us a profound idea of the existing issue in Australia. It was written: This examination of the effects of part-time work on school students has shown that the majority perceives their jobs very positively they believe that the experience will help them to get a job later on, and are largely unconcerned about any detrimental impact on their schoolwork. It can be concluded that having a part-time job while at school is one of the ways in which a young person can achieve a smoother transition into later full-time employment.
Local Literature
With various research works and published literatures above stating the positive view of part time jobs to students, a very alarming and surprising news article has contradicted the idea. From the website of ABS-CBN.NEWS authored by Bernadette Sembrano divulge the statistics on the number of graduates among the working students. Part of the article reads as follows:

Despite their efforts, the pressure to balance work and school is just too much for many working students.
The CHED said that only 50% of working students get to finish college, as many cannot cope and cannot concentrate on their studies, while some have poor health, while others give up because of insufficient funds. CHED advised working students to get jobs that are not that demanding and that are more closely related to their courses.
In the study of Vanessa Cossette C. Mano ( July 2004) about the common problems and coping style of working and non-working college students and their relation to academic performance, results revealed that problems on finance, living and employment, adjustment to college work, home and family, personal psychological relation, and social recreational activities are the top five problems of the working college students based on the nine problem areas. On the other hand, problems on adjustment to college work, Social and Recreational activities, Social Psychological Relations, and PPR are the top five problems of the non-working colleges.
In the study of Perla Romano (2000) about the profile, motivations and problems of working students in selected national high schools in the division of Nueva Ecija and its implication to educational management, the conclusion states that the student- respondents were motivated to work

while studying and this was the reason why they studied hard, helped parents support their studies and have more money to spend in school. The students were also motivated to work so that they could buy beautiful dresses and finish their studies without stopping. In fact the students also wanted to finish their studies while young.

PARADIGM OF THE STUDY

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the locale of the study, brief history of Valenzuela City Polytechnic College, methods of research, and the respondents of the study and sampling. Locale of the study: Location map of Valenzuela City Polytechnic College:
Brief History of Valenzuela City Polytechnic College:

Valenzuela City Polytechnic College is a technical institution wherein located at Fortune Village 6, Kamagong St., Parada, Valenzuela City. It begins at the Valenzuela Manpower Training Center (VMTC). It has founded in 1982 to serve educational needs of Valenzuela youth with an affordable cost and it offers technical courses. In 1946, the Committee on Education conducted a study in establishing a Polytechnic College. The said grouped was composed by Division City School Superintendent Dr. Luis Sntos, Assisitant
Superintendent Dr. Andres Leabres, Valenzuela National High School Principal, Dr. Joel San Luiz, VMTC Director Mr. Edison NAlo, City Government Chief-of-Staff, Mr. Erlindo Dionisio, City Treasurer Mrs. Evelyn De Guzman and human Resources Department Head Mrs. Purification Reyes. From VMTC, it was converted to Valenzuela City Polytechnic College in recognition of its significant role in building the efficiency of the youth in the local and national development. In 2008, Dr. Nellie Asuncion took the help of the school and continued the mission of providing technical know-how to deserving students. Methods of Research:

This study employed the descriptive nominative method of research in order to determine the reasons and common problems being faced by selected working students of Valenzuela City Polytechnic College. SO as well the relationship of the common reasons to the common problems in terms of work, studies, family and health, if there is any. Descriptive research in the naturalistic paradigm includes qualitative methods such as case studies, content analysis and ethnographic studies. The descriptive research is the most popular approach used in research questions or problems raised are based on the appreciation of present phenomenal events or state of affairs. The purpose of the descriptive method is to describe what it is. It deals with the prevailing conditions of objects, people and events. Respondents of the study and Sampling There are twenty-one respondents of the study. All are selected working and part-time employees so as well Bona-fide students of Valenzuela City Polytechnic College in academic year 2012- 2013. (10) ten of which are beneficiaries of the Student Assistance Program of the said school. The rest are randomly selected samples from different levels and courses. The following are: 3 (three) respondents from BTTE EST III, 1 (One) respondent from BTTE- HVACR III, 1 (One) respondent from BTTE- GFD III, 2 (Two) from BTTE- ET IV, 4 (Four) from BTTE AT IV.

Instrument Uses and its Validation The study made use of a questionnaire checklist specifically designed for the respondents. The questionnaire consists of two parts designed to elicit the following information: 1. 2. Personal Identification of respondents and Common Reasons and Problems being encountered in terms of
Family, Work, Study and Health as perceived by them. The questionnaires were developed based on the statement of the problem. It was then submitted to the adviser and critic for suggestions and comments. The questionnaire was then edited, revised and reproduced. Procedure in Gathering Data The questionnaire was administered personally to the selected
respondents in their most convenient time. Thereafter, the researchers retrieved the forms. Statistical Treatment of Data Data analyzed with the used of the following statistical tools. Percentage: The uses of percentage distribution were employed to find the answer to checklist scale questionnaire. The formula used was:

P=
f N
x 100
Where: P = Percentage f = frequency x = number of class Mean. The mean aspects were used to describe the school management as perceived by respondents. The Formula used was:
x =
Where:
fx
N
f = Frequency x = midpoint N = number of class
For weighted Mean wx =
( fx1 fx2 .....fxn) N
Where: f = frequency x = midpoint

n = number of class Perception on the common reasons and problems encountered was likewise described and reported using a four point Likert Scale with the following descriptive equivalent: Range 4.5-5.0 3.5-4.49 2.5-3.49 1.5-2.49 1.0-1.49 Interpretation Strongly Agree Agree Uncertainly Seldom Never
To answer and solve for the fifth question which claims to prove the significant difference between the common reason and the most common problem encountered with respect to study, work, family, and health, the following formula shall be used:

t=
where:

BIBLIOGRAPHY

pp. 90-109 (20) Helen Lingard: RMIT University, Australia, Journal for Education in The Built Environment Vol. 2, Issue 1, June 2007 Copyright 2007 CEBE


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Page |1 VALENZUELA CITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

Kamagong St. Fortune Village VI, Parada Valenzuela City

A Research In Partial Fulfillment Of Requirements In Special Project Research By:

Page |2 VALENZUELA CITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Foreign Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

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THE PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION OF DATA

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Summary of the Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

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LIST OF TABLES Table Number Title Page

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3. What is the common reason why selected working students at

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Is there a significant difference between the reason cited by the

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In his paper, thus stated:

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PARADIGM OF THE STUDY

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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

Brief History of Valenzuela City Polytechnic College:

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f = Frequency x = midpoint N = number of class

For weighted Mean wx =

( fx1 fx2 .....fxn) N

Where: f = frequency x = midpoint

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