USN I I I I I I I I I I I 2002 SCHEME

Fourth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, June-July 2009

Fluid Mechanics
ME45
Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks:IOO
Note: 1. Answer any FIVE full questions.
2. Assume any missing data suitably.
a. Define surface tension. Sketch a liquid droplet on a solid surface when
i) Adhesion is more then cohesion
ii) Cohesion is more then adhesion
Show the angle of contact on the sketches.
A glass tube of small diameter is dipped tn a mercury container vertically. Sketch the
mercury surface inside and outside the tube indicattng the angle of contact clearly. Obtain an
expression for capillary that would take place in this tube in terms of density
of liquid, surface tension, angle of contact and local acceleration due to gravity. (10 Marks)
b. A cylindrical shaft of90 mm diameter rotates about a vertical axis inside a fixed cylindrical
tubo of length 0.5 m and 95 mm internal diameter. If the space between tube and the shaft is
filled by a lubricant of viscosity 0.2 Pa.s, determine the power required to overcome viscous
resistance when the shaft is rotated at a speed of240rpm. (10 Marks)
2 B. Explain clearly how the magnirudc and dtrection of resultant hydrostatic force on a curved
surface is determined (10 M.arks)
b. A hydrometer shown in Fig.Q2(b) is to be used to determine relative of dtfferent
liquids. It has a mass of20g. The external stem diameter is 5 rnm. Find the distance between
the markings corresponding to lhe following relative densities
i) 1.0 and 0.95; ii) 1.0 Md 1.05. (10 :.Urtu)
Flg.Q.2(b).
3 a. Define metacentric height C?f a floating body. Obtain an expression for metacentric height of
a floating body in terms of second mnment of area of its plan at water surface, submerged
volume and distance between centre of gravity and centre of buoyancy of the floating body.
(10M arks)
b. If the pipe shown in Fig.Q.3(b) contains water and there is no flow, calculate the value of
manometer reading h. lf manometer reading b 50 mm when water is tlowlllg through the
pipe, calculate the pressure difference J> A- P
6
111 kl'a. (10 Morks)

.l'ig.Q.3(b).
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i\farks)

ME45
4 a. State the continuity principle. Derive three dimensional continuity equations in di!Ierential
form for a general fluid flow situation. Simplify it to two dimensional ste3dy,
mcompressible flow and one dimensional unste<.dy flow cases. (10 Marks)
b. For a two di.ro.enslonal flow, t.be stream function is given by 1Jf = 2xy. Calculate the veloctty
components at a point (3, 6). Show that velocity potential exists for thts case. Detennine the
velocity potential function. (10 Mrks)
5 a. State Buckingham 1t theorem. The input power of a centrifugal pump is found to depend on
diameter of impeller D, discharge Q, density of liquid p, rotational speed N, and specific
energy of liquid gH. Using Buckingham 1t theorem, obtain the relevant 1t terms governing
the pumping operation. (J 0 M11rks)
b. Water flows upwards through a tapered pipe as shown in Fig.Q.S(b). Find the magnitude and
direction of deflection h of the differential mer'UlY manom'eter corresponding to a discharge
of 0.12m
3
/s. The friction in the pipe can be completely neglected, (10
Fig.Q.S(b).
6 a. Derive an expression for discharge through a V notch. (10 Marks)
b. A large tank has a vertical pipe 0. 7 m long ar.d 20 mm diameter connected to the bottom.
The tank contains oil of density 920 kg'm
3
and viscosity 0.15 Pas. Find the discharge
through the tube when the height of oil level of the trulk is 0.8 m 1he pipe inlet. The
flow is laminar and friction factor is given by.!!. where Re is the flow Reynolds nwnber
ne
(10 Marks)
7 a. Obtain an expression for radial velocity disuibution in a folly developed laminar flow
through a horizontal round pipe and hence show that discharge Q through this pipe is given
by Q- _ n1>" dp where dp is the gndicnt D is the diameter and IJ. is the vtscosity
1281' dx
of oJI flowing through the pipe and . (10 Marh)
b Define Lift and Drag. Distingutsh between skin friction drag and form drag. (OS lllark3)
c A television transmitter antenna consists of a vertical pipe 0.2 m diameter and 30m high on
top of a tall structure. Determine the total drag force on the antenna in a 30 m/s wind.
Density of air is 1.22 kg!m
3
and viscosity of air is 17.9 J.I.Pa.s. Take coefficient of drag us
0.2. (liS
8 a. The velocity profile in a laminar boundary layer is approXJmated by parabolic p10ti le
*={f)-(fr where u is velocity at y and u -> U as y o. Calculate the displacement
thickness, and \he momcnlwn. thickness 6. (10 Marks)
b. Define mach nwnber."*Sbow that speed of propagation of a pressure disturbance in a
compressible fluid dp . For cine steady compressible flow of gases, write
dp
down the continuity equation-and equation of motion and shOw that = _
1
):
A U
(10 Marks)
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