Drone Nations: List Nations Where Drones

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Drone Nations listed by Al Mac
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Drone Nations
List Nations where Drones
Collected by Alister William Macintyre Count = 86+ nations operate drones by its government and people, mainly for spying.
103+ nations & regions have drones, if we include those operated by foreigners. 11+ nations used deadly drone attacks, into 18+ nations.
Last updated 2013 Feb 17
Version 5.15
Table of Contents Introduction (2 Sep 10) ....................................................................................................... 2 Doc Structure (2 Sep 03)..................................................................................... 2 Where in World? (3 Feb 17) ............................................................................................... 3 Nations B+ (3 Feb 14) ................................................................................................ 5 Nations C+ (3 Jan 29) ................................................................................................. 5 Nations E+ (3 Feb 10)................................................................................................. 7 Nations I+ (3 Feb 04).................................................................................................. 8 Nations J+ (2 Dec 27) ............................................................................................... 10 Nations M+ (3 Jan 25) .............................................................................................. 11 Nations P+ (3 Jan 10)................................................................................................ 12 Nations R+ (2 Nov 30).............................................................................................. 13 Nations S+ (3 Feb 06) ............................................................................................... 13 Nations T+ (2 Sep 14)............................................................................................... 15 Nations U+ (2 Dec 28).............................................................................................. 15 Non-Nations and Terrorists with Drones (2 Oct 08) .................................................... 17 Hezbollah drones (2 Oct 29) ..................................................................................... 18 International Airspace Waters etc. (2 Nov 10) ......................................................... 20 Outer Space (2 Dec 02)............................................................................................. 20 Regions and Continents (3 Jan 29) ............................................................................... 21 Non-Proliferation Treaties (2 Oct 08)........................................................................... 21 MTCR (2 Oct 08)...................................................................................................... 21 Wassenaar (2 Oct 08)................................................................................................ 23 Count Reconciliation (2 Nov 27) .................................................................................. 26 Drone Attack by what Nations? (2 Oct 28) .............................................................. 28 Drones Targeted what Nations? (2 Oct 28) .............................................................. 28 Palestine #194 joins UN (2 Nov 30) ......................................................................... 29 Nations not in UN (2 Dec 20) ................................................................................... 30 Drone Foreign Attacks (2 Oct 27) .................................................................................... 31
Drone Nations in Al Studies / Drones folder
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Africa drone attacks (2 Oct 27)................................................................................. 31 Arab Israeli Drone Conflict (2 Oct 27) ..................................................................... 31 Europe drone attacks (2 Oct 27) ............................................................................... 31 NATO and Coalition drone attacks (2 Oct 28) ......................................................... 32 Drone Wars (2 Oct 27).................................................................................................. 33 Drone Friendly Fire (2 Oct 27) ..................................................................................... 33 Mapping Drone Nations and Drone Strikes (2 Oct 26) .................................................... 34 Nations where Drones Manufactured (3 Feb 05)................................... 36 Document split (2 Nov 30) .................................................................................. 38 Revision History (2 Oct 28) .............................................................................................. 40 Dates Issues Nations Scribd Terms thru Oct-13 (2 Oct 28)...................................... 41 Nations Scribd Terms thru Oct-8 (2 Oct 28) ............................................................ 42 Notes thru 2012 Aug (2 Oct 14) ................................................................................... 42
Introduction (2 Sep 10)

This list of nations with drones, is a portion of Al Mac research into the use of drones around the world, and what the controversies are all about, originally found in a companion (main) document = Drone Notes by Al Mac, but also see Document Split for evolving organization of Al Mac notes. The Author of this research, Alister Wm Macintyre, welcomes other people to download copies of Als work, but warns that different cited sources have different attribution and copyright restrictions, so care should be followed downstream, in selecting where to reuse the material.
Users of my research hold Alister Wm. Macintyre harmless, and also the places I upload my research to, and agree that my copyright is reserved and that the information is available for the intended purpose of helping my social network friends share an understanding on how humans ought to do a better job of learning about our world, so that we can take constructive action to improve it. I am doing this using individual documents focusing on different topics which appear to be vastly misunderstood by policy makers, and large segments of voters, to try to avoid any one document being excessively large. Some of my research content is direct quotes from other sources. I try to give credit every time I do this, and structure the quotes, so it is pretty obvious that they are quotes.
Doc Structure (2 Sep 03) Topic subtitles end in a date signifying when that info was last updated, in the format
YEAR MONTH DAY, so by viewing table of contents, we see where most recent input to these research notes, especially aiding people with copy of an earlier version.
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Version numbers are incremented, as replacement editions of this document are

periodically uploaded various places for convenience of other people who can then pick and choose which of my research efforts they wish to download, and also see if the last version I have uploaded is numbered beyond the last that they downloaded. Original sources, and how the doc is ultimately copied, shared, accessed, hyperlinks sometimes become inoperative, for some people, so I now often upload both Doc and PDF versions, to help with that challenge.
Some chapter headings have # symbol, after date of last update. This means source(s) here have estimates of # drone attacks, persons killed, injured, who are justified targets and who are alleged innocent victims, or collateral damage. Figures vary significantly for many reasons, discussed in Drone Notes. Some chapter headings have $ symbol, after date of last update. This means source(s) here have estimates of cost of drones, taxpayer investments, or what it costs for ordinary people to get into this market. Some chapter headings have ! symbol, after date of last update. This means content here includes what I consider to be: seriously controversial; wild speculation; conspiracy theory; or many people (sometimes including me) have serious doubts of the factual basis. The content can be either the myth, or debunking info. There are multiple areas of dispute, so I may later add to symbol collection to help with that. My general policy on chapter breaks is to try to have no more than two pages for one chapter. When some chapter runs longer than that, I periodically review to see if it can be broken up into something more digestible.
Where in World? (3 Feb 17)

Here, by nation, are links showing how we know Drones operational in those nations, sometimes thanks to other nations, identified.1 Not all of them are military. Drones have many peaceful applications. Afghanistan2 Afghanistan Attacked by Drones from US, Australia, Britain, Canada, Germany. 3
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http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ Afghanistan now has its own drone air force http://americansecurityproject.org/featured-items/2013/asp-fellow-for-asymmetric-operations-joshua-foustwas-featured-in-global-post-discussing-the-promised-delivery-of-a-fleet-of-unmanned-reconnaissanceaircraft-to-the-afghan-air-force/ 3 Afghanistan: See chapter on Statistics in Drone Notes. http://www.factoverfiction.com/article/983 Fact over Fiction has retired, see News & Research. http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/11/drones-afghan-air-war/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle
Drone Nations listed by Al Mac Algeria4 Angola5 Argentina6 Armenia7 Australia uses drones purchased from Israel.8 Austria9
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http://www.middleeastvoices.com/2012/06/at-issue-are-us-drone-strikes-in-south-asia-middle-east-ethical97033/ http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/drone-warfare-blowback-new-american-waywar?print https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/ http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/oct/24/immorality-and-illegality-drone-warfare?newsfeed=true
Introduction to Drone Wars UK Briefing

http://www.scribd.com/doc/84993286/Drone-Wars-Briefing-Final2 US Drone in Afghanistan becomes a runaway and has to be shot down. http://www.popsci.com/military-aviation-amp-space/article/2009-09/when-drones-go-wild-air-forceshoots-them-down Afghanistan wants their own drones. The USA is not helping, so Afghanistan is shopping around to China, India, Russia, other potential suppliers http://aviationintel.com/2012/10/08/karzai-begging-for-indigenous-aviation-assets-will-go-to-russia-chinaand-india-if-us-does-not-act/ Info about US drones killing in Afghanistan, where permission to access US Government data is uncertain. http://icrac.net/2012/04/2100-page-centcom-report-on-afghan-drone-victims/ 4 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 5 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 6 Argentina https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 7 Armenia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krunk_UAV http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4296758,00.html http://www.minnpost.com/global-post/2012/10/drone-violence-along-armenian-azerbaijani-border-couldlead-war 8 Australia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-06-08/australias-drone-war-in-afghanistan/4058058 http://www.smh.com.au/national/flying-drones-a-safety-threat-at-airports-20120910-25nds.html http://www.counterpunch.org/2012/09/26/going-mad-with-drones/ According to https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/6-who-has-drones-2/ Directory of Who has Drones, per Drone Wars UK, Australia has 8 large Heron drones, manufactured by IAI in Israel. US drones sold to Australia https://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/wsh2013/280.pdf See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ US Drones based in Australia: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-09-03/revealed-us-flew-drone-missions-from-australia/4236306 http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/aviation-buffs-uncover-us-drone-launches/story-fn59niix1226464279669 Drone finds missing hiker: http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/10/07/uav_challenge_canberra_win/ Paparazzi http://www.theage.com.au/technology/technology-news/privacy-fears-as-drones-move-into-mainstream20130217-2elcj.html 9 Austria
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Azerbaijan10
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Nations B+ (3 Feb 14)

Belarus11 Belgium12 US Drones over Bosnia.13 Botswana14 Brazil15 Britain (United Kingdom)16 Bulgaria17 Burundi18
Nations C+ (3 Jan 29)

Canada19 is looking to buy drones which will function in the Arctic. 20
https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles 10 Azerbaijan http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4296758,00.html http://www.minnpost.com/global-post/2012/10/drone-violence-along-armenian-azerbaijani-border-couldlead-war Azerbaijan allegedly has Israeli drones, with USA weapons conducting spying missions over Iran's shared border with Karabakh, and of course Iran is upset about this. Israel and Azerbaijan denied the allegations http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2012/12/reports_of_israeli_d.php 11 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 12 Belgium https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 13 http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=40516 14 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 15 Brazil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/11/2012116114514211617.html 16 Britain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ http://www.globalresearch.ca/britains-new-drone-squadron/5309232 http://thelincolnite.co.uk/2012/10/unmanned-drone-squadron-stood-up-at-raf-waddington/ http://www.latimes.com/business/money/la-fi-mo-mini-drone-battlefield-20130204,0,4050682.story Introduction to Drone Wars UK Briefing http://www.scribd.com/doc/84993286/Drone-WarsBriefing-Final2 http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/jan/16/drones-unmanned-aircraft http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/oct/24/immorality-and-illegality-drone-warfare?newsfeed=true Britain has lost almost 450 military drones in Iraq and Afghanistan http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2013/feb/12/450-british-military-drones-lost 17 Bulgaria https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 18 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 19 Canadian domestic police have drones: http://www.theprovince.com/news/Editorial+Rules+police+drones+need+established/7886205/story.html
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Drone Nations listed by Al Mac Chile21 China (PRC)22 Columbia23 Congo24 Croatia25 Czech Republic26 Denmark27 Djibouti28
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Canada: http://www.alaskadispatch.com/article/us-defense-firm-may-build-arctic-drones-canada http://www.edmontonjournal.com/news/case+armed+drones+Canada/7175031/story.html See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles 21 Chile https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/11/2012116114514211617.html 22 China http://india.nydailynews.com/business/f83a20a35018230cf523e6ac161a0943/china-to-deploy-drones-formarine-surveillance https://rt.com/news/mind-controlled-drone-china-157/ See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ China: See Venezuela. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles http://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2012-10/21/content_15834940.htm One of the pictures here, is of a Chinese drone. http://aviationintel.com/2012/10/18/chinese-take-out-the-red-dragons-growing-air-combat-capability-inpictures/ According to this article, some of Chinas killer drones are aimed at Russia: http://www.freedomsphoenix.com/News/123408-2012-11-27-china-unveils-new-killer-drones-aims-themat-russia.htm#.ULXKld5FLQw.google_plusone_share Thanks to America demonstrating the value of drones, then America blocking sales to other nations, this has created a market demand, which China is filling, according to: http://www.gulftimes.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=523292&version=1&template_id=46&parent_id=26 23 Columbia http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/news/2012/10/26/colombia-to-develop-its-own-drone-program-to-combatdrug-trafficking/ http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/11/2012116114514211617.html 24 UN wants to use drones to monitor fighting between Congo and Rwanda. UN Security Council has approved this. http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/plans-spy-drones-eastern-congo-18305791 http://news.yahoo.com/u-n-security-council-allows-drones-eastern-congo-180052240.html http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5i1Mg8u5k0LNqU8qxGUHVN33C9aQ?docId=CNG.8f657e7756ba3cc13598d43a03fa008d.591 25 Croatia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 26 Czech Republic https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 27 http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ Denmark buys drones from USA https://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/wsh2013/278.pdf 28 https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/
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Nations E+ (3 Feb 10)

Ecuador29 Egypt30 Estonia31 Ethiopia32 Europe is not a nation, but a group of nations, which sometimes act together.33 Finland34 France and French Army Drones35 Gaza36 Georgia37
http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/10/secret-drone-base/ http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/remote-us-base-at-core-of-secretoperations/2012/10/25/a26a9392-197a-11e2-bd10-5ff056538b7c_story.html In the USA, the FAA will not permit drones to be flown by people unless they have a commercial pilots license. In the US military, people may crash multi-million $ drones because they do not have a clue about flying procedures, or controls. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/drone-crashes-mount-at-civilian-airportsoverseas/2012/11/30/e75a13e4-3a39-11e2-83f9-fb7ac9b29fad_story.html?tid=pm_pop 29 Ecuador http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/11/2012116114514211617.html 30 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 31 http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ Estonia buys drones from USA https://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/wsh2013/278.pdf 32 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ US flying drones from Ethiopia civilian airport: https://publicintelligence.net/u-s-flying-drone-missions-from-civilian-airport-in-ethiopia/
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France, Italy, Sweden, Spain, Greece and Switzerland, in combination, have developed the NEURON, a stealth drone. http://aviationintel.com/2012/12/03/the-rise-of-the-machineseuropes-neuron-fires-into-the-sky-for-the-first-time/
http://www.aviationweek.com/Blogs.aspx?plckBlogId=Blog:27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a01329aef79a7&plckPostId=Blog%3a27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a01329aef79a7Post%3a71b969d2-a785-494b-807b-6071d7fe7794
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Finland https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 35 France: http://www.defpro.com/news/details/36390/?SID=438081094585130fe3b3722aa811e392 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles Introduction to Drone Wars UK Briefing http://www.scribd.com/doc/84993286/Drone-WarsBriefing-Final2 See Europes NEURON. 36 Gaza see Israel Introduction to Drone Wars UK Briefing http://www.scribd.com/doc/84993286/Drone-WarsBriefing-Final2 http://www.lawfareblog.com/2012/10/todays-headlines-and-commentary-285/
https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/08/world/middleeast/lebanon-says-israeli-planescircled-its-airspace-for-an-hour.html?ref=world
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Drone Nations listed by Al Mac Germany38 Greece39 Hungary40
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Nations I+ (3 Feb 04)

India41 Indonesia42 Iran had Drones before US started using them over Iran. 43 US Drones over Iran overhead at least since 2010.44
Georgia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 2008 Drone War between Georgia and Russia http://www.alaskadispatch.com/article/how-russia-and-georgia-started-drone-arms-race 38 Germany used unmanned aircraft in WW II. http://www.chicagotribune.com/sns-rt-germany-dronesl6e8j3q1c-20120803,0,6479969.story http://aviationintel.com/2012/08/31/ucav-fever-is-spreading/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles https://www.wsws.org/articles/2012/aug2012/dron-a16.shtml http://www.thelocal.de/national/20130125-47549.html http://www.cassidian.com/en_US/web/guest/first-sensor-test-flight-of-euro-hawk-successfullyaccomplished http://www.nbcnews.com/technology/futureoftech/are-laser-firing-drones-weed-killers-future-795307 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ 39 Greece https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ See Europes NEURON. 40 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 41 India: http://www.janes.com/products/janes/defence-security-report.aspx?ID=1065926989 https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles 42 Indonesia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/372086/age-of-drone-and-robots 43 Iran http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/top-iran-official-says-tehran-to-fit-self-made-long-range-dronewith-missiles-1.462262 http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4276196,00.html http://www.silive.com/opinion/columns/index.ssf/2012/10/america_should_brace_for_blowb.html http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/16/iran-drones-israel_n_1970868.html See chapter on Hezbollah use of drones. See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles Iran claims first VTOL drone (vertical take off and landing) which I know is bogus, due to medical helicopter drones used to deliver medical supplies in mountainous regions where nothing else can land or take off. http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2012/11/03/270194/iran-builds-worlds-first-vtol-drone/ 44 US drones captured by Iran: http://www.barackobama.ir/en/news/10521 See Dec 2012 in Drone Dates (time line) for more info about this claim. Also see Venezuela here, and
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US Drone Attacks in Iraq.45 Israel started using Drones after the 1973 Yom Kippur War.46
See chapter on Hezbollah use of drones. See chapter on Palestine joining the UN with less than full member status. American Security Project (ASP)47 provides a reference on Israel use of drones in Palestine.
Drone Notes chapter on Hacker and Malware Concerns

Azerbaijan allegedly has Israeli drones, with USA weapons conducting spying missions over Iran's shared border with Karabakh, and of course Iran is upset about this. Israel and Azerbaijan denied the allegations http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2012/12/reports_of_israeli_d.php This next link now appears to be broken: http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-sees-intelligence-surge-as-boost-toconfidence/2012/04/07/gIQAlCha2S_story.html 45 Iraq: See chapter on Statistics in Drone Notes. http://www.factoverfiction.com/article/983 Fact over Fiction has retired, see News & Research. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle http://www.middleeastvoices.com/2012/06/at-issue-are-us-drone-strikes-in-south-asia-middle-east-ethical97033/ http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/ https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ 46 Israel: http://defense-update.com/20121231_more-hermes-900-drones-for-idf.html http://world.time.com/2012/10/23/riding-the-thermals-inside-hizballahs-drone-mostly-hot-air/ According to https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/6-who-has-drones-2/ Directory of Who has Drones, per Drone Wars UK, Australia has 8 large Heron drones, manufactured by IAI in Israel. Israel is selling drones in Asia and Latin America, according to: http://www.gulftimes.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=523292&version=1&template_id=46&parent_id=26 And: http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/11/2012116114514211617.html Azerbaijan allegedly has Israeli drones, with USA weapons conducting spying missions over Iran's shared border with Karabakh, and of course Iran is upset about this. Israel and Azerbaijan denied the allegations http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2012/12/reports_of_israeli_d.php Israel shoots down a drone, origin unknown. They do know it did not launch from Gaza. There have been drones launched in the past, against Israel, by the Iran-backed Lebanese militia Hezbollah. Israel radio reported that it appeared to be an intelligence gathering drone. See Hezbollah chapter after nations listed. http://www.nationalterroralert.com/2012/10/06/israel-shoots-down-unpiloted-aircraft-reports-say/ http://www.debka.com/article/22416/ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/16/iran-drones-israel_n_1970868.html http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/10/06/israel-shoots-down-unpiloted-aircraft-reports-say/ See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ which says USA and Israel are primary exporters of drones, for now. https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ Israel is developing a stealth drone. They will need one to go after Iran. http://aviationintel.com/2012/12/03/israel-developing-a-stealth-ucav/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles 47 http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/drone-information-sources-annotated-bibliography/
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L. Hajjar, International Humanitarian Law and Wars on Terror: A Comparative Analysis of Israeli and American Doctrines and Policies, Journal of Palestine Studies, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 21-42, 2006. Hajjars paper offers a comparative examination of how Israeli and US policies in their wars on terror decant from traditional norms and international humanitarian law (IHL). Using the second intifada and the current US war on terror as examples, Hajjar argues that neither country actually ignores IHL. Rather, each country seeks to reinterpret IHL in such a manner that it may continue to pursue its political agenda by its preferred means. ASP Assessment: Paper is very specific to IHL, but broad in regards to policies. It is most useful in understanding IHL in relation to any policy that may endorse targeted killings, but is difficult to relate directly to US drone programs. Italy48 Ivory Coast49
Nations J+ (2 Dec 27)

48
Japan50 Jordan51 Kazakhstan52 Kenya53 Korea, South, see South Korea54 Kuwait55 Latvia56
Italy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303395604577432323658176792.html See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ Introduction to Drone Wars UK Briefing http://www.scribd.com/doc/84993286/Drone-WarsBriefing-Final2 See Europes NEURON. 49 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 50 Japan https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ Crop Dusting by Drones in Japan http://www.faa.gov/about/initiatives/uas/media/UAS_FACT_Sheet.pdf Drones and Robots attempt to do some cleanup at Fukushima http://www.tgdaily.com/hardware-features/56852-robot-fails-to-complete-japanese-nuke-plant-mission 51 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles 52 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 53 http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/sns-rt-us-kenya-usa-militarybre86k0h0-20120721,0,2844488.story 54 Korea, South http://www.voanews.com/content/u_moves_to_sell_spy_drones_to_south_korea/1572398.html 55 See Cruise Missile in Drone Terms. The USA has exported them to Kuwait. 56 Latvia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles
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Lebanon57 Lesotho58 Libya.59 Lithuania60
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Nations M+ (3 Jan 25)

Malaysia61 Mali62 Mexico63 Morocco64 Nepal uses drones to catch poachers.65
See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 57 Lebanon https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ Lebanon buys drones from USA https://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/wsh2013/278.pdf
See chapter on Hezbollah use of drones.

58
Lesotho Lesotho Medical Rescue http://matternet.net/2011/08/22/lesotho/ 59 Libya before overthrow of Qadaffi See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ Libya during the over-throw of Quadaffi http://www.factoverfiction.com/article/983 Fact over Fiction has retired, see News & Research. http://www.ihs.com/products/Global-Insight/industry-economic-report.aspx?ID=1065929426 http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/drone-warfare-blowback-new-american-waywar?print Introduction to Drone Wars UK Briefing http://www.scribd.com/doc/84993286/Drone-WarsBriefing-Final2 Libya after US ambassador killed in attacks under cover of protests against a film http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/14/us-protests-libya-airport-idUSBRE88D0PJ20120914 US drones over the city, with the knowledge of Libyan government what they doing -> anti-aircraft fire against the drones, attributed to some groups, maybe not yet confirmed -> airport closed 60 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 61 Malaysia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/372086/age-of-drone-and-robots See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 62 France sends drones to Mali http://www.thehawkeye.com/story/BC-World-Briefly-102312 http://www.nujournal.com/page/content.detail/id/260107/France-to-send-drones-to-Maliregion.html?isap=1&nav=5033 Also see allegations in UN investigation launched Jan 24 2013, referenced in Drone Dates and Drone Scribd. 63 Mexico See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles Mexico drone crashes in USA http://www.cnn.com/2010/US/12/17/texas.mexican.drone/index.html 64 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/
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65
Drone Nations listed by Al Mac Netherlands66 New Zealand67 Nigeria68 Norway69 Oman70
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Nations P+ (3 Jan 10)

Pakistan has drones independently of the ones USA using in attacks there.71 US Drone Attacks in Pakistan.72 Palestine73 Also see Israel.
Nepal http://www.smh.com.au/technology/sci-tech/nepal-launches-drones-to-combat-poachers-2012062120pd9.html http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/372086/age-of-drone-and-robots 66 Netherlands https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 67 New Zealand https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 68 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 69 Norway https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 70 See Cruise Missile in Drone Terms. The USA has exported them to Oman. 71 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles I have had Pakistan on my list of nations with domestic drones for some time, yet this article seems to indicate that Pakistan getting armed drones is a new surprise for the author. http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/pakistan-racing-todevelop-armed-drones-but-lacks-key-technology-china-offers-help/2012/11/17/e2f293e6-30eb-11e2-af1767abba0676e2_story.html We all should know that Pakistans enemies and US enemies only overlap, are not the same people. Just as some US drones kill Pakistan friends, when Pakistan has similar technology, some Pakistan drones will kill some US friends. That is one reason for US slowing Pakistan development. 72 Pakistan: See chapters on Maps; Statistics; Pakistan; International Law, in Drone Notes. Also: http://www.factoverfiction.com/article/983 Fact over Fiction has retired, see News & Research. http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/category/projects/drone-data/ http://dawn.com/2012/09/28/pakistan-endorses-drones-rejects-method-khar/ https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ http://pakobserver.net/detailnews.asp?id=175816 http://www.middleeastvoices.com/2012/06/at-issue-are-us-drone-strikes-in-south-asia-middle-east-ethical97033/ http://www.lawfareblog.com/2012/09/todays-headlines-and-commentary-279/ http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/drone-warfare-blowback-new-american-waywar?print http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/09/drone-strikes-in-pakistan-damaging-and-counterproductivestudy-finds/ http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012\09\04\story_4-9-2012_pg3_5 http://www.newsleader.com/article/20120929/OPINION02/309290019/Obama-s-furtive-drone-war-goesunchallenged?odyssey=nav|head http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/ http://world.time.com/2012/10/23/drones-a-non-issue-in-u-s-presidential-debate-riles-pakistan/ http://www.scribd.com/doc/86681294/Pakistan-Has-Drones-That-Save-Lives Introduction to Drone Wars UK Briefing http://www.scribd.com/doc/84993286/Drone-WarsBriefing-Final2
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Panama74 Peru75 Philippines76 Poland77 Portugal78
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Nations R+ (2 Nov 30)

Romania79 Russia80 Ruwanda81
Nations S+ (3 Feb 06)

Saudi Arabia82 Serbia83 Seychelles84
73
https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ See chapter on Hezbollah use of drones. See chapter on Palestine becoming #194 member of UN. 74 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 75 Peru https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode.cfm?id=drones-accelerate-archaeological-si-12-12-31 76 Philippines https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 77 Poland http://aviationintel.com/2012/08/31/ucav-fever-is-spreading/ See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles 78 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles 79 Romania https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 80 Russia: See Venezuela, http://aviationintel.com/2012/08/31/ucav-fever-is-spreading/ See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles 2008 Drone War between Russia and Georgia http://www.alaskadispatch.com/article/how-russia-and-georgia-started-drone-arms-race According to this article, some of Chinas killer drones are aimed at Russia: http://www.freedomsphoenix.com/News/123408-2012-11-27-china-unveils-new-killer-drones-aims-themat-russia.htm#.ULXKld5FLQw.google_plusone_share 81 UN wants to use drones to monitor fighting between Congo and Rwanda. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5i1Mg8u5k0LNqU8qxGUHVN33C9aQ?docId=CNG.8f657e7756ba3cc13598d43a03fa008d.591 82 Saudi Arabia has a base for US drones. http://www.seattlepi.com/news/article/CIA-operates-drone-base-in-Saudi-Arabia-4254146.php 83 Serbia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 84 https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/
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Drone Nations listed by Al Mac Singapore85 Slovakia86 Slovenia87 US Drone Attacks in Somalia.88 Uganda Drone attacks in Somalia89 South Africa90 South Korea, see Korea, South91 US Drones to South America92
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In the USA, the FAA will not permit drones to be flown by people unless they have a commercial pilots license. In the US military, people may crash multi-million $ drones because they do not have a clue about flying procedures, or controls. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/drone-crashes-mount-at-civilian-airportsoverseas/2012/11/30/e75a13e4-3a39-11e2-83f9-fb7ac9b29fad_story.html?tid=pm_pop 85 Singapore https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 86 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 87 Slovenia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 88 Somalia: See chapter on Statistics. http://www.factoverfiction.com/article/983 Fact over Fiction has retired, see News & Research. http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/category/projects/drone-data/ https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/16/world/obama-admits-us-fight-of-al-qaeda-has-extended-to-somaliaand-yemen.html?_r=1 http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/ http://www.middleeastvoices.com/2012/06/at-issue-are-us-drone-strikes-in-south-asia-middle-east-ethical97033/ http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/drone-warfare-blowback-new-american-waywar?print Here is an article entitled Americans secret war in Africa which really means Somalia, in the context of the article I guess it was secret from the people who wrote the article, because there have been a LOT of other articles about this, before they stumbled over it. http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/08/somalia-drones/ http://www.lawfareblog.com/2012/06/proxy-detention-in-somalia-and-the-detention-drone-tradeoff/ The USA helped the UN establish an arms embargo to Somalia 20 years ago, and now the US is in violation of that UN agreement, which allows for nations to get exemptions, but the US is not applying for them. The US is blatantly violating the agreement the US helped craft. https://www.fas.org/blog/secrecy/2012/07/somalia_arms.html http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/10/secret-drone-base/ Introduction to Drone Wars UK Briefing http://www.scribd.com/doc/84993286/Drone-WarsBriefing-Final2 89 http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012-08-03/clinton-sudan/56727774/1 90 South Africa https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 91 South Korea, Republic of See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2012/10/09/korea-developing-kamikaze-attack-drone/ http://www.voanews.com/content/u_moves_to_sell_spy_drones_to_south_korea/1572398.html 92 http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/06/drones-south-america/
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Drone Nations listed by Al Mac Spain93 Sri Lanka94 US Drone use in Sudan95 Sweden96 Switzerland97 Syrian government uses drone attack on Syrian Civilians,98 Syria uses Iranian-made drones.99
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Nations T+ (2 Sep 14)

93
Taiwan100 Tanzania101 Thailand102 Trinidad and Tobago103 Tunisia104 Turkey105
Nations U+ (2 Dec 28)

Uganda106
Spain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 94 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 95 http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012-08-03/clinton-sudan/56727774/1 96 Sweden https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ See Europes NEURON. 97 Switzerland https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ Syria See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ See Europes NEURON. 98 http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-06-12/52-killed-in-syria-as-troops-pound-rebels-strongholds/4064990 99 http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/07/syria-drones/ 100 Taiwan https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 101 http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/372086/age-of-drone-and-robots 102 Thailand https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 103 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 104 Tunisia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 105 Turkey https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles Turkey wants to use US military drones against militants of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). http://www.eurasianet.org/node/65614 http://www.e-ir.info/2012/06/27/flying-blind-why-armed-drones-may-detract-from-turkish-security/ 106 Uganda, see Somalia
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UK see Britain Ukraine107 United Arab Emirates108 (UAE) United Arab Republics109 United States of America110 Venezuela is using Drones made in Russia111 Venezuela is building its own drones, with help from China, Russia, Iran, and other countries, according to their President.112 Vietnam,113 independently of US in Vietnam War. The USA used Drones in the Vietnam War.114 (1960s-1970s) US Drone Attacks in Yemen.115
http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012-08-03/clinton-sudan/56727774/1 http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/sns-rt-us-kenya-usa-militarybre86k0h0-20120721,0,2844488.story See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ Uganda buys drones from USA https://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/wsh2013/278.pdf 107 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 108 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-72521-Use-of-Shamsi-for-drones-had-a-Pak-nod 109 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 110 USA: See many chapters of Drone Notes, including: Maps; Statistics; International Law. Also see International Law in Drone Scribd. Inventory of US military drones: https://publicintelligence.net/dod-uas-inventory-through-2017/ Lists of USAF drone official mishaps (not including those still a secret): https://publicintelligence.net/us-air-force-uas-mishaps-1997-2011/ See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ which says USA and Israel are primary exporters of drones, for now. https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ Introduction to Drone Wars UK Briefing http://www.scribd.com/doc/84993286/Drone-WarsBriefing-Final2 Al Jazeera Fault Lines series looks at US use of drones and robotic weaponry. http://icrac.net/2012/03/robot-wars-documentary/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles Iran claims to capture US drones: http://www.barackobama.ir/en/news/10521 See Dec 2012 in Drone Dates (time line) for more info about this claim. 111 http://www.wandtv.com/story/18783048/chavez-venezuela-making-drones-assembling-rifles 112 http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/sns-rt-us-venezuela-iran-dronebre85d14n20120614,0,273634.story 113 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles 114 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle 115 Yemen: See chapter on Statistics in Drone Notes. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/14/opinion/how-drones-help-al-qaeda.html http://www.longwarjournal.org/multimedia/Yemen/code/Yemen-strike.php http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/yemeni-president-acknowledges-approving-usdrone-strikes/2012/09/29/09bec2ae-0a56-11e2-afff-d6c7f20a83bf_story.html http://www.cnn.com/2012/06/11/opinion/bergen-yemen-drone-war/index.html http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/ http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/10/secret-drone-base/ http://middleeastvoices.voanews.com/2012/10/quicktake-drones-sometimes-kill-the-wrong-peoplegregory-johnsen-
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Contrary to a common misconception, most drones are not weaponized. US military statistics indicate that only 4-5% of US military drones carry weapons. Most drones in the skies are used for surveillance. The military also operates drones on the ground, on and under the sea. We also have robot drones in outer space. Drones are not all operated by some person at some remote site. Many drones are operated by someone on the ground who can see the drone involved. Typically there is one person piloting the thing, seeing what it can see, and another observer watching what is all around the drone, to help try to avoid collisions. Some drones are operated by another person in a manned chase plane. Some are now self-operated, using some internally loaded programming, which tells them what to do. Those kinds can refuel in mid-air, like man operated aircraft, and they can also land on air craft carriers. I do not know how they get landing permission, since air craft carriers are often quite busy with man operated flights.
Non-Nations and Terrorists with Drones (2 Oct 08) I address potential developing threats in my Drone Notes, and define some of them in Drone Terms. Also note Drone Issues.
41579/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+middleeastvoices%2Ffull feed+%28Middle+East+Voices+-+Full+Feed%29 Introduction to Drone Wars UK Briefing http://www.scribd.com/doc/84993286/Drone-WarsBriefing-Final2 http://www.factoverfiction.com/article/983 Fact over Fiction has retired, see News & Research. http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/category/projects/drone-data/ https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/16/world/obama-admits-us-fight-of-al-qaeda-has-extended-to-somaliaand-yemen.html?_r=1 http://www.middleeastvoices.com/2012/06/at-issue-are-us-drone-strikes-in-south-asia-middle-east-ethical97033/ http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/drone-warfare-blowback-new-american-waywar?print http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137760/christopher-swift/the-drone-blowback-fallacy https://www.npr.org/2012/07/06/156367047/yemen-airstrikes-punish-militants-andcivilians?sc=17&f=1001 https://www.npr.org/2012/05/17/152854335/why-the-u-s-is-aggressively-targeting-yemen https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ Some US Drone Usage in Yemen, was at the request of the Yemen government. http://main.omanobserver.om/node/100875 The Yemen government is making it very difficult to get good counts of how many killed by US drones. http://www.lawfareblog.com/2012/12/the-washington-post-on-drones-and-civilian-casualties-in-yemen/ http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/when-us-drones-kill-civilians-yemens-governmenttries-to-conceal-it/2012/12/24/bd4d7ac2-486d-11e2-8af9-9b50cb4605a7_story.html The USA is buying a fleet of spy planes, which will be operated by the Yemeni government. http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/11/yemen-spy-planes/
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UN wants to use drones to monitor fighting between Congo and Rwanda .116 So add UN to the list of non-nations with drones. According to GAO Drones by Nation 12-536 2012 July, Sep 2011, the FBI arrested an individual in the US on charges that he planned
to crash radio-controlled unmanned airplanes loaded with explosives into the U.S. Capitol and the Pentagon.
Hezbollah drones (2 Oct 29)

According to GAO Drones by Nation 12-536 2012 July, Hezbollah is one terrorist organization which has acquired and used UAV
technology to date. There was a story in the news in October 2012 about a drone over Israel, where Israel thought it was from Iran, tried to hack it down, failed, so then they shot it down. The Oct 6 drone incursion was subsequently traced to Hezbollah.117
Iran claims to have pictures of Israeli military bases, taken by the crashed drone. 118 Both Iran and Hezbollah claim to have sent other drones over Israel, which Israel did not notice, did not react to. Now that Israel has the crashed evidence, they find that some of the on-board equipment was made in Germany.119
Lawfare points at some of the early reports, Oct 8, 2012 QUOTE120
Over the weekend, Israel announced that it had shot down a drone that had penetrated its airspace. Heres John Villasenor over at Slate on the news implications,121 Bloomberg122 with Israels remarks, the AP on Israels flyover
116
http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5i1Mg8u5k0LNqU8qxGUHVN33C9aQ?docId=CNG.8f657e7756ba3cc13598d43a03fa008d.591 117 http://www.silive.com/opinion/columns/index.ssf/2012/10/america_should_brace_for_blowb.html http://world.time.com/2012/10/23/riding-the-thermals-inside-hizballahs-drone-mostly-hot-air/ http://www.haaretz.com/opinion/the-real-purpose-of-the-hezbollah-drone.premium-1.472441 http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/10/20121017145040613579.html http://tehrantimes.com/opinion/102606-the-collapse-of-iron-dome 118 http://www.newsday.com/news/world/report-iran-has-drone-pictures-of-israeli-bases-1.4166799 http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2012/10/30/new-iranian-surveillance-drones-likely-expert-says 119 http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4293342,00.html 120 http://www.lawfareblog.com/2012/10/todays-headlines-and-commentary-285/
121
http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2012/10/07/israel_shoots_down_drone_that_may_have_been_ma de_by_iran_launched_from_lebanon_.html 122 http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-10-07/israel-says-drone-origin-being-probed-amid-hezbollahlink-report.html
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over Lebanon in response123, the New York Times story on Israels flyover124, and Guy Azriel of CNN with video of the drone being shot down:125 Speaking of drones, theres a protest underway led by Pakistani politician Imram Khan along the Afghanistan-Pakistan border126. Heres Ishtiaq Mahsud of the AP,127 and Salman Masood of the New York Times128 on the protests. Heres NPRs Dina Temple-Rastons latest report on U.S. drone strike policy in Pakistan.129
UNQUOTE The Slate article raises important questions about the ability of Israel, or any nation for that matter, ability to detect hostile drones, and intercept them, before they do any harm.130 According to Lawfare, Oct 12, 2012 QUOTE131
There was a drone strike yesterday that killed 18 insurgents yesterday along the Afghan-Pakistan border.132 Hezbollah officials acknowledged that the drone that Israel shot down last weekend was theirs. Heres the Journal, 133 the Jerusalem Post134 and the Times135 on the subject.
UNQUOTE The Jerusalem Post said the drone was shot down with a Patriot surface to air missile.136
123 124
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390443294904578042861902724622.html https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/08/world/middleeast/lebanon-says-israeli-planes-circled-its-airspacefor-an-hour.html?ref=world 125 http://www.cnn.com/2012/10/07/world/meast/israel-downed-drone/ 126 See Oct 2012 in Drone Dates. Thousands of people involved in this protest. 127 http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/pakistan-motorcade-protesting-us-drones-sets-off17412632#.UHLOVlLXeyE 128 https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/08/world/asia/in-pakistan-drone-protest-led-by-imran-khan-takesdetour-for-safety.html?ref=world 129 https://www.npr.org/2012/10/06/162395399/u-s-drones-navigate-murky-legal-path-in-pakistan
130
http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2012/10/07/israel_shoots_down_drone_that_may_have_been_ma de_by_iran_launched_from_lebanon_.html 131 http://www.lawfareblog.com/2012/10/todays-headlines-and-commentary-289/ 132 As with all such news, we wont know until much later coverage, if local officialdom agrees the killed were insurgents, the death toll was 18, and other dimensions. 133 Wall Street Journal http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390443749204578050983096555370.html?mod=googlenews _wsj 134 http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=287487 135 New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/12/world/middleeast/hassan-nasrallah-sayshezbollah-flew-iranian-designed-drone-into-israel.html?_r=2&ref=world&
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Slate said the drone was shot down by an Israeli fighter jet air to air missile.137 The Wall Street Journal wrote Oct 11, 2012 QUOTE138
Hezbollah leader Seyed Hassan Nasrallah characterized the reconnaissance operation, which he said used an Iranian drone assembled in Lebanon, as a major success for the Shiite group.
UNQUOTE
International Airspace Waters etc. (2 Nov 10)

US Drones over the Bahamas.139 Caribbean has US drones surveillance vs. suspected drug smuggling. 140 Nations of the region have asked the USA for clarification, and been told that the USA does not believe they need any permission from nations of the Caribbean for this activity.141 There is also some finger pointing going on between politicians.
Some countries think 200 miles off their shores is part of their nation. Other countries consider the relevant distance to be much smaller. A US drone was operating 16 miles from Irans coast, an area the USA claims to be International Airspace, when it was attacked by the Iranian Air Force.142 Iran says that for the USA to fly a drone through their air space, that is an act of war. 143 US officials say that it is an act of war for Iran to attack US drones. 144
Outer Space (2 Dec 02)

We might not have them there yet, but there is discussion of possibilities.145
136 137
http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=287487
http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2012/10/07/israel_shoots_down_drone_that_may_have_been_ma de_by_iran_launched_from_lebanon_.html
138
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390443749204578050983096555370.html?mod=googlenews _wsj 139 http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-drugs-caribbean-20120623,0,3135494.story 140 Caribbean http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-drugs-caribbean-20120623,0,3135494.story

141
http://www.thenassauguardian.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32304&Itemid=86 142 http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2012/11/08/us-drone/1692479/ http://aviationintel.com/2012/11/08/iranian-su-25s-fire-on-predator-flying-over-the-persian-gulf/ http://aviationintel.com/2012/08/14/predator-vs-foxbat-the-future-of-air-to-air-combat-via-drone-beganalmost-a-decade-ago/ 143 http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2012/11/10/271423/us-drone-in-iran-act-of-provocation/ 144 http://www.examiner.com/article/krauthammer-today-iran-hits-a-drone-tomorrow-a-plane-with-a-pilotit 145 http://www.popsci.com/military-aviation-amp-space/article/2009-09/no-nuke-or-space-military-botspleads-arms-control-committee
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Regions and Continents (3 Jan 29)

Africa146
Non-Proliferation Treaties (2 Oct 08) More info about International Law is in: Drone Scribd; Drone Notes; Drone Terms. Most people are aware of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, which seeks to
limit the spread of nuclear weapons, while promoting the spread of peaceful uses of nuclear energy. There are similar treaties for the chemical and biological WMD, and for technologies associated with the delivery of such weapons.
MTCR (2 Oct 08)

MTCR = Missile Technology Control Regime147 is a voluntary consensus-driven association of 34 nations, started in 1987 to limit the spread of technology of ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, and drones, capable of transporting and delivering WMD payload. See: Cruise Missiles; Nuclear Drone; WMD; in Drone Terms.
Member nations of MTCR: Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Britain = UK Bulgaria Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy
146
US Drone military bases, in support of NATO and other alliances, fighting in multiple nations of a region: https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/29/us/us-plans-base-for-surveillance-drones-in-northwest-africa.html http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2013-01-28/here-come-drones-or-true-reason-mali-incursion http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/01/the-end-of-war-a-recent-timeline/ http://www.globalresearch.ca/american-drones-over-africa-new-us-military-bases-in-west-africa/5321454 147 See GAO Drones by Nation 12-536 2012 July from http://www.gao.gov/assets/600/593131.pdf
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Japan Korea, South Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Russia South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine USA
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Nations in Wassenaar but NOT on above MTCR list: Croatia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Mexico, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Nations with drones, NOT on above MTCR list, as of early 2012 October comparison, excluding nations like Somalia which are under attack by drones of Uganda and USA, but do not yet have their own drones. Algeria Angola Armenia Azerbajan Belarus Botswana Burundi China Chile Columbia Croatia Egypt Estonia Ethiopia Gaza Georgia India Indonesia Iran Israel Ivory Coast Jordan
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Drone Nations listed by Al Mac Kazakstan Kenya Kuwait Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Malaysia Mexico Morocco Nepal New Zealand Nigeria Oman Pakistan Panima Peru Philippines Romania Serbia Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Sri Lanka Syria Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Uganda United Arab Emirates United Arab Republics Venezuela Vietnam
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Wassenaar (2 Oct 08)
Wassenaar Arrangement controls export of dual-use technologies, some used
commonly in drones.148 It is a voluntary consensus-driven association of 41 nations, formed in 1996, to limit the proliferation of certain conventional weapons, and sensitive technologies which are dual-use in both civilian and military applications.
148
See GAO Drones by Nation 12-536 2012 July from http://www.gao.gov/assets/600/593131.pdf
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Member nations of Wassenaar: Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Britain - Uk Bulgaria Canada Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea, South Latvia Lithouania Luxembourg Malta Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Slovakia Slovenia South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine USA
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Brazil is a member of MTCR but NOT on above Wassenaar list. Nations with drones, NOT on above Wassenaar list, as of early 2012 October comparison, excluding nations like Somalia which are under attack by drones of Uganda and USA, but do not yet have their own drones. Algeria Angola Armenia Azerbajan Belarus Botswana Brazil Burundi China Chile Columbia Egypt Ethiopia Gaza Georgia India Indonesia Iran Israel Ivory Coast Jordan Kazakstan Kenya Kuwait Lebanon Lesotho Libya Malaysia Morocco Nepal New Zealand Nigeria Oman Pakistan Panima Peru Philippines Serbia
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Drone Nations listed by Al Mac Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Uganda United Arab Emirates United Arab Republics Venezuela Vietnam
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Count Reconciliation (2 Nov 27)

Many news stories149 repeat ancient estimates of how many nations have drones, without doing research as good as mine, and I am an amateur at this. According to GAO Drones by Nation 12-536 2012 July, QUOTE:150 In 2004, GAO reported approx 41 countries had acquired a UAV.151 GAO review of current U.S. export licensing data and open source materials, as of 2012 July, found that this number grew over the intervening period to at least 76 countries. UNQUOTE Thats approximately double in 7 years. Figure 3 of the GAO report is a map of those 76 countries, which I was able to reproduce below. Most news media reports appear to use the GAO 2004 estimate. According to my count, as of 2012 Sep 15, I had found reports identifying 85 nations where drones had been operating, some by that nation, and some controlled by other nations. See links in context, to details on each. Then over time, I added a dribble of additions to that count. I compared the nations on the bottom of the map below, from GAO analysis, to the nations listed above with links to how I found out they had drones, to find those the GAO apparently did not know about, or did not consider should be listed.
149
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/27/americandrones_n_2199193.html?ncid=edlinkusaolp00000003&ir=Politics 150 from http://www.gao.gov/assets/600/593131.pdf 151 http://www.gao.gov/assets/250/241243.pdf which I downloaded as GAO Drones by Nation 04-175 2004 Jan.
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On the occasion of an Nov 2012 attack by militants in Gaza, shooting hundreds of missiles into Israel, President Obama is quoted as saying, Nov-19: "There's no country on Earth that would tolerate missiles raining down on its citizens from outside its borders.152 That is a very odd thing to say, given that USA is outside the many nations where drones are raining down upon them, most of them from USA.
Gaza and Palestine are on the receiving ends of Israel military drones. Hezbollah has flown at least one drone, claims more, over Israel. Afghanistan, Iraq, Mali, Somalia, Sudan, Yemen, and Bosnia have
been on the receiving ends of NATO nations military drones, and in Somalias case, also by Ugandas drones. Other nations also targeted, but I am just listing here those which appear to be missing from the GAO report. Djibouti and Seychelles have bases for drones used by NATO nations in above conflicts, which have also experienced the phenomena of drone crashes. Bermuda, Bahamas, and Caribbean are being spied on by US Border Patrol drones looking for drug smuggling. Congo and Rwanda fighting is to be monitored by UN drones. The above listed nations or regions do not yet have their own drones. They will, soon after another drone crash, or hijack for them to study.
Armenia, Portugal, and Vietnam are listed in Wikipedia as having their own
drones.
Kenya is receiving drones from US military to help in fight against Al Qaeda. Lesotho mountainous regions have NGO drones delivering medical supplies. Nepal uses drones to catch poachers. Tanzania uses drones to catch poachers, and count wild life. UN uses drones to monitor fighting and cease fires. Venezuela is building drones with help from China, Russia, and Iran.
As of 2012 Sep-30, the GAO map has 76 nations listed. I have identified 10 other nations, or entities, with drones not on the list of 76. There are also 14+ more nations-regions under attack-surveillance by drones, where they do not have their own, and 2 nations with bases for drones, which have crashed, but those nations also do not have their own. So my count has become 86-102, depending on whether the 14+2 should be included.
152
http://reason.com/blog/2012/11/19/no-country-on-earth-would-tolerate-missi
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Drone Attack by what Nations? (2 Oct 28)

More details in later chapters. I am not counting surveillance here, just deadly force by drones, with what nations were controlling those drones. Armenia Azerbaijan Britain France Georgia Germany Israel Russia Turkey Uganda USA 11 = my count, as of 2012 Oct-28
Drones Targeted what Nations? (2 Oct 28)

More details in later chapters. I am not counting surveillance here, just deadly force by drones, with which nations, or regions, were where the attacks took place. Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bosnia Britain Chechnya Gaza Georgia Iraq Mali Pakistan Palestine Russia Somalia Sudan Turkey Vietnam Yemen 18 = my count, as of 2012 Oct-28
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Palestine #194 joins UN (2 Nov 30)

Update: Palestine became # 194 member state of UN, Nov 29, 2012.153 Until then, Palestine wanted to be a member. There were those which doubted Palestine was in fact a nation state. It had a weak kind of observer status at the UN, which referred to them as the occupied territories. But that changed with the Nov 29 vote, elevating them to nonmember observer state, which grants them access to some UN functions, but is less than full member voting status.. NBC World News wrote:154 QUOTE The resolution lifts the Palestinian Authority's U.N. observer status from "entity" to "non-member state. Granting Palestinians the title of "non-member observer state" falls short of full U.N. membership something the Palestinians failed to achieve last year. But it does allow them access to the International Criminal Court and other international bodies, should they choose to join them. UNQUOTE The LA Times wrote:155 QUOTE Israel, Canada, Panama, the Czech Republic and four tiny Pacific island states were the only ones in the 193-member U.N. General Assembly siding with the U.S. in its quixotic vote against the Palestinian Authoritys request for nonmember observer state status. France, Italy, Spain, Norway, Denmark and Turkey were among the U.S. allies joining the majority in the 138-9 vote, with 41 abstentions. The United States and its allies share the objective of a two-state solution, differing more on procedural strategy for getting the two sides back to the negotiating table. UNQUOTE The AUSTRALIAN wrote, about Australia abstaining:156 QUOTE Foreign Affairs Minister Bob Carr said the vote would encourage peace talks, while Opposition Leader Tony Abbott said it should have been voted down until Palestine accepted Israel's right to security.
153
http://www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-un-palestine-vote-20121129,0,7805802.story http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/11/29/15546351-un-upgrades-palestinian-status-bolsteringstatehood-claim?lite http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/palestine-vote-row/story-e6frg6n6-1226527733858 https://plus.google.com/u/0/113203226894654744883/posts/hrkMNgDE6PH 154 http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/11/29/15546351-un-upgrades-palestinian-status-bolsteringstatehood-claim?lite 155 http://www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-un-palestine-vote-20121129,0,7805802.story 156 http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/palestine-vote-row/story-e6frg6n6-1226527733858
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And the Greens argued the Federal Government was out of step with the world. The UN resolution was approved overnight by more than two-thirds of the 193member world body - a vote of 138-9. UNQUOTE
Nations not in UN (2 Dec 20)

In my studies of International Law on Drone usage, I have been careful to note that the UN treaties are only valid among nations which have signed them, ratified them, incorporated them into their domestic laws, and not rescinded them. For example North Korea has exited the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, and many nations with nuclear weapons never signed that treaty. Aside from the many UN treaties which only some of the 194 member nations of the UN have signed, what nations exist on planet Earth, which are not members of the UN? 157
Balochistan is a province of Pakistan, supposedly in rebellion since Pakistan

acquired the territory in 1948, according to a guy I met on G+.
Cook Islands and Niue are not members of UN, but trust New Zealand to
represent their interests there.
Kosovo declared independence from Serbia, Feb 2008, but has not gained enough
international recognition to join the UN, however it has diplomatic relations with 69 nations. Russia may veto their application to join the UN.
Taiwan is a former member of the UN, which used to represent China, as the
Republic of China, but now China is represented by the Peoples Republic of China, as Taiwan is considered to be part of the PRC.
South Sudan recently won independence from North Sudan, which is in the UN, but
South Sudan, does not yet have UN membership. The Vatican, or Holy See of the Catholic church, is an independent nation, which is not a member of the UN, but has full observer status. It is eligible to join, but chooses not to.
157
http://geography.about.com/od/politicalgeography/a/nun.htm http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Which_countries_are_not_members_of_the_UN http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Which_countries_are_not_part_of_the_United_Nations
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Western Sahara remains in dispute, with Morocco, as to its legal status. The UN
believes in its right to self-determination.
Drone Foreign Attacks (2 Oct 27)

In late 2012 October, I saw an article on CNN saying that the only nations which had used drones to attack other nations, were the US, Israel, and Britain. I was amazed at how CNN could publish such an ignorant article, when I was aware of maybe a dozen or more, so here lets list those I am aware of, with the usual citations. For purposes of my research, lets define a DRONE FOREIGN ATTACK as one where a drone controlled by nation-A attacks people in nation-B, where a DRONE DOMESTIC ATTACK is where a drone controlled by someone in nation-A attacks people in nation-A. There will be attacks where we do not know who controls the drone. There are also attacks where the targets are believed to be invaders, smugglers, terrorists, others not native to the nation.
Africa drone attacks (2 Oct 27)

Mali is attacked by drones from France. Somalia is attacked by drones from Uganda (with UN approval) and from USA (without UN approval).
Arab Israeli Drone Conflict (2 Oct 27)
Gaza and Palestine have been on the receiving ends of Israel military drones,
for years if not decades, in response to rocket attacks and suicide bombing attacks against Israel. In Oct 2012, Israel shot down a drone launched by Hezbollah, which was assembled in Lebanon from an Iranian kit, with some German electronics. See separate chapter just on that incident.
Europe drone attacks (2 Oct 27)

See separate chapters on NATO drone attacks (by NATO nations on nations where NATO doing peacekeeping work), and Drone Wars (where both sides have drones). In this chapter, I cite where some nation in Europe got attacked by drones, and it was one sided as far as the drones were concerned. During WW II, Germany launched several kinds of drones, carrying bombs, to crash land in Britain, then blow up there. April 2002 there was targeted killing, allegedly by Russian armed forces, of rebel warlord Omar Ibn al Khattab in Chechnya.158 It is unclear to me whether drone involved.
158
BBC, Russia Kills Chechen Warlord, 25 April 2002.
See in my Drone Reports official document collection: UN Drone Legalities 2010 May.
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According to the TURKO*FILE, June 28, 2012:159 QUOTE The Turkish military in December 2011 killed 34 Kurdish villagers who were mistakenly thought to be PKK militants. The deadly attack on the 34, part of a convoy of alleged smugglers heading towards the Turkish border from Iraq, came as a result of intelligence provided by an American drone on loan to Turkey which first noticed the convoy. UNQUOTE
NATO and Coalition drone attacks (2 Oct 28)

Nations attacked by NATO nations military drones, have included: 160 Afghanistan Bosnia Iraq Mali 161 Pakistan Somalia Sudan Vietnam 162 Yemen NATO nations, whose drones have attacked other nations, have included: Britain France Germany USA Not all of the NATO nations on above list, have had their drones attack all of the nations on the earlier list. During the first Gulf War,163 drones were used to shoot down aircraft violating the no fly zones.164 In 2002, US drones were first known to be used in Yemen.165
159
http://www.eurasianet.org/node/65614 Also see: http://www.e-ir.info/2012/06/27/flying-blind-why-armed-drones-may-detract-from-turkish-security/ 160 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Atef 161 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drone_attacks_in_Pakistan 162 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_al-Aulaqi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamal_Derwish 163 The first Gulf War was the one which started because of Iraq invasion of Kuwait. 164 http://aviationintel.com/2012/08/14/predator-vs-foxbat-the-future-of-air-to-air-combat-via-drone-beganalmost-a-decade-ago/ 165 http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/drone-warfare-blowback-new-american-waywar?print
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In 2005, US drones were first known to be used in Pakistan.166 September 2010, according to Living Under Drones (in Pakistan),167 US special forces bombed the convoy of Zabet Amanullah, a candidate in parliamentary elections, killing him along with nine fellow election workers; US forces reportedly mistakenly believed Amanullah to be a member of the Taliban. 168 This illustrates the quality of US intelligence used to determine who should be attacked.169
Drone Wars (2 Oct 27) For purposes of my research, lets define a DRONE WAR as where drones are used
on BOTH SIDES of a conflict, where a DRONE ATTACK is where a drone is used in making a military attack on some people, as opposed to drones used in surveillance and terrorizing civilian populations. 2005-2008 there was a revolution in Sri Lanka, with both sides using targeted killing. It is unclear to me whether drones were involved.170 August 2008 there was a five day war between Russia and Georgia, with drones used on both sides.171 In 2010 I learned about a war going on between Armenia and Azerbaijan, with drones on both sides.172 I do not know how long that conflict has been going on.
Drone Friendly Fire (2 Oct 27)

Friendly Fire is when military shoots at its own troops, or allies, by mistake. In April 2011, according to Living Under Drones (in Pakistan)173 US forces used a predator drone to fire upon and kill two American soldiers, in Afghanistan, who
166
http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/drone-warfare-blowback-new-american-waywar?print 167 http://livingunderdrones.org/ INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION CLINIC (STANFORD LAW SCHOOL) AND GLOBAL JUSTICE CLINIC (NYU SCHOOL OF LAW), LIVING UNDER DRONES: DEATH, INJURY, AND TRAUMA TO CIVILIANS FROM US DRONE PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN (September, 2012) 168 Kate Clark, AFGHANISTAN ANALYSTS NETWORK, THE TAKHAR ATTACK: TARGETED KILLINGS AND THE PARALLEL WORLDS OF US INTELLIGENCE AND AFGHANISTAN (2011), available at http://aanafghanistan.com/uploads/20110511KClark_Takhar-attack_final.pdf US authorities contended that Muhammad Amin and Zabet Amanullah were the same person. According to Clark, this assertion was demonstrated to be false when Amin was interviewed in Pakistan after the September 2, 2010 strike. 169 Many other instances, of US inappropriate drone attacks on innocents, detailed in Drone Dates, Drone Notes, Drone Scribd, and Drone Terms. 170 See in my official document collection: UN Drone Legalities 2010 May. 171 http://www.alaskadispatch.com/article/how-russia-and-georgia-started-drone-arms-race 172 http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4296758,00.html http://www.minnpost.com/global-post/2012/10/drone-violence-along-armenian-azerbaijani-border-couldlead-war
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had apparently been mistaken for Taliban fighters,174 which illustrates the reliability of systems used to identify enemy forces.
Mapping Drone Nations and Drone Strikes (2 Oct 26)

Here are nations, with drones, organized by location and continent of planet Earth according to GAO Drones by Nation 12-536 2012 July.175 Page Break for Illustration.
173
http://livingunderdrones.org/ INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION CLINIC (STANFORD LAW SCHOOL) AND GLOBAL JUSTICE CLINIC (NYU SCHOOL OF LAW), LIVING UNDER DRONES: DEATH, INJURY, AND TRAUMA TO CIVILIANS FROM US DRONE PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN (September, 2012)
174
Jim Miklaszewski, 2 US servicemen mistakenly killed by drone attack in Afghanistan, NBC NEWS (April 11, 2011), http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42537620/ns/world_newssouth_and_central_asia/t/usservicemen-mistakenly-killed-drone-attack-afghanistan/
175
from http://www.gao.gov/assets/600/593131.pdf
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Here is a map of where US drones have attacked in Pakistan:
New America Foundation map analysis of drone strikes in Pakistan.176
176
https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&oe=UTF8&msa=0&msid=202193247307216271592.00047e 8cdfc55d220dee7
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Here is a map of 64 bases inside USA allegedly used to control military and CIA drone usage around the world.177 Here are links to 110 coming. They also talk about 88 actually operating right now (88-64=24 not on earlier list.).178 Here is info about CIA bases for drones around the world.179 All this info is as of when it was found out. Reality is constantly evolving. Here is map of Pakistan locations of USA drone strikes.180
Nations where Drones Manufactured (3 Feb 05)

According to sources cited within my overall notes, nations (and/or geographies) which manufacture and export drones include: Austria Europe France Iran Israel Italy South Africa Switzerland USA According to sources cited within my overall notes, nations which manufacture drones, but are not yet on above list of exporting, include: Britain (UK) China Germany India Malaysia South Korea According to US GAO analysis,181 the largest manufacturers and exporters of drones are the USA and Israel. Other nations manufacturing and exporting drones include: Austria; Italy; and South Africa, according to the GAO. As we
177
http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/06/64-drone-bases-on-us-soil/ https://publicintelligence.net/dod-us-drone-activities-map/ 178 https://www.fas.org/blog/secrecy/2012/06/us_drone_bases.html https://www.fas.org/sgp/news/secrecy/2012/06/061412.html 179 http://www.gearthhacks.com/downloads/related.php?file=31659 180 Map of where drone attacks in Pakistan: http://counterterrorism.newamerica.net/drones https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=111611283754323549630.00047e8cdf c55d220dee7&ll=33.100745,70.444336&spn=4.41699,7.03125&t=p&z=7&source=embed 181 This per the report, I called GAO Drones by Nation 12-536 2012 July, downloaded http://www.gao.gov/assets/600/593131.pdf from http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-12-536 thanks to http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ via http://www.lawfareblog.com/2012/09/todays-headlines-and-commentary-269/
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see from my footnotes by nation, this is not a complete directory. The GAO report writes of many more nations in the manufacturing business, but does not cover much about their exports, perhaps because this is an unclassified report. The US government might not want to make it public, how much it knows about exports by nations which are potential future adversaries. According to that GAO Drones by Nation 12-536 2012 July, QUOTE182 The number of countries developing UAVs has increased dramatically from 2005 to the present. Currently, there are over 50 countries developing more than 900 different UAV systems. This growth is attributed to countries seeing the success of the United States with UAVs in Iraq and Afghanistan and deciding to invest resources into UAV development to compete economically and militarily in this emerging area. UNQUOTE According to Directory of Who has Drones as of beginning of 2013, per Drone Wars UK:183 Australia Army has 8 large Heron drones, manufactured by IAI in Israel. Belgium Air Force has 13 large RQ-5 Hunter drones, manufactured by Northrop Grumman in USA. Britain (UK) Armed Forces (Army, Air Force) have over 5 large drones, manufactured by: Elbit Systems (Israel); Elbit (Israel); Thales (UK); and General Atomics (US). Canada Air Force has 5 large Heron drones, manufactured by IAI in Israel. China has large drones, manufactured by Chinese companies: ASN; CAC; CASC; CASIC. Ecuador Navy has 6 large drones, manufactured by IAI in Israel. Egypt Air Force has 49 large drones, manufactured by USA companies: BAE Systems (formerly DS Inc); Northrop Grumman. Finland Army has 6 large ADS-95 Ranger drones, manufactured by RUAG Aviation (Swiss) & IAI (Israel). Germany o German Army has 14 large drones manufactured by German companies: Rheinmetall; EMT Penzberg. o German Air Force has 4 large drones manufactured by IAI (Israel); Northrop Grumman (US); & EADS (Eupe) India Armed Forces (Army Navy Air-Force) have 50 large drones manufactured by: ADE (India); IAI (Israel). Italy Air Force has 6 large RQ-1B Predator drones manufactured by General Atomics (US). Malaysia Air Force has large Aludra drones manufactured by UST (Malaysia).
182 183
http://www.gao.gov/assets/600/593131.pdf https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/6-who-has-drones-2/
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Mexico Air Force has 2 large Hermes 450 drones manufactured by Elbit Systems (Israel). Morocco Army has R4E 50 Skyeye large drones, manufactured by BAE Systems (formerly DS Inc) in USA. Netherlands Army has 14 large Sperwer drones, manufactured by SAGEM (France). Philippines Air Force has 2 large Blue Horizon 2 drones, manufactured by EMIT (Israel). Singapore Air Force has over 43 large drones, manufactured by IAI and Elbit Systems (Israel). South Africa Air Force has large Seeker 2 drones, manufactured by Denel (South Africa). South Korea Air Force has over 3 large drones, manufactured by KAI (South Korea) and IAI (Israel) Spain Army has 4 large Searcher MK2 drones, manufactured by IAI (Israel). Sri Lanka Armed Forces (Army, Air Force) have over 3 large drones, manufactured by: Denel (South Africa); EMIT (Israel); IAI (Israel). Sweden Army has 3 large Sperwer drones, manufactured by SAGEM (France). Switzerland Army has 4 large ADS-95 drones, manufactured by RUAG Aviation (Swiss) & IAI (Israel). Thailand Army has large Searcher drones, manufactured by IAI (Israel). Turkey Air Force has 28 large drones, manufactured by General Atomics (US) and IAI (Israel). USA Armed Forces (Army, Navy, Air Force) have over 368 large drones, manufactured by US companies: General Atomics; Lockheed Martin; Northrop Grumman.
Document split (2 Nov 30)

Formerly, all my notes on Drones were in one document, growing excessively large. I have now split them into the following: Drone Dates = Time Line what happened when, updated as we learn more. Drone Issues = A summary of what the controversial problems appear to be, reasons we need to figure out what is happening, then participate in the political debate over what should be happening. Some of the things people believe about drones, they may be mistaken, those concerns belong in the directory, and need to be investigated, clarified, will be in my other drone documents. Drone Nations = A list of nations where drones are operating, being manufactured, purchased, hacked, crashing, being used by military, not necessarily of same nation. With each nation listed, I have footnotes with links to examples of how drones are being used in that nation, the sophistication of the drones, and more info. o We see many articles claiming drones are in 40 or 50 nations.
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o When I launched this separate document, 2012 Sep-10, my count was up to 80 countries with drones. o The initial list is alphabetical by nation. o Later I may add regional lists by Continent, with well known areas, thanks to being recent hot spots in the news, like Western Europe; The Middle East; and South East Asia. o I am considering adding CIA Fact Book and other links to show which nations are high up in first world, financial collapse, border conflicts, etc. so we see which are more likely to be using drones in combat, spying on home territory, civilian peaceful applications, or are victims of other nations using drones against them. Drone Notes = my main overall initial document, which later may split again. o Here you can find: o Links to where I get this info, including official sources; o Hundreds of USA locations, where drones are in use; o Legal complications; Political Complications; o Statistics on numbers of innocent bystanders killed, so as to get at what numbers of enemy targets; o Technology advances, changing nature of Drone Capabilities; o Calendar of events in Drone usage history, and people finding out; o Other topics. o Drone Reports = A directory of official downloads I located, where, some info about them, read so far, where my notes ended up, from that digesting. o Drone Robots = Implications of killer drones which can operate without humans in the loop. Many writers are in denial, so I cite proof this is real. Drone Scribd = I created a Drone Info collection on Scribd, which lists many educational, interesting, and stimulating Scribd Drone documents and articles. 184 Then I started reviewing them. Where I found, what seemed to me to be errors of fact, distortions, or incomplete pictures, I cite sources to complete the story, to help authors, of the other efforts, address gaps in their presentations. o So in addition to my summary observations on many Scribd info sources about Drones, I also provide a road map to the big picture of other sources I have found, to expand on the picture painted by these Scribd reports. Drone Terms = Glossary of Terminology, Acronyms, Concepts etc. which have come up in my drone research. I have also encountered some parallel tales of alleged official misconduct, which have led to some non-drone content. o When first launched 2012 Sep, it had 260 terms, acronyms, concepts, references, etc. defined, relevant to my Drone research so far. o Within a few days, it had grown to 440 definitions. o By end of Sep 2012, it had grown to 750 acronyms and concepts defined. For more details, see Al Mac Shared Research section, at end of Drone Notes document.
184
http://www.scribd.com/collections/3807680/Drone-Info at http://www.scribd.com/AlMac99
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Many places on the Internet, we must register with the site, to access info there, and some people are nervous about personal info which must be divulged to do so. In theory, with Google Drive Documents, where I have collection = Drone Info, with my Drone Issues + Nations+ Notes + Scribd + Terms,185 all you need is the url in my footnote link, to get at my Drone Info186 Google collection, which also includes many official documents from government and other sources. If you are on Scribd, here you can locate what I have uploaded there so far. 187 It includes a spectrum of research into many different topics. If you are on Linked In, and connected to me: http://www.linkedin.com/in/almacintyre then you can access my Linked In Box Net shared document files. There, I have folders for many topics, including Drone Info. That folder contains my Drone Issues+ Nations + Notes + Scribd + Terms. Within this Linked In Box Net Drone Info folder, I have Drone Sources sub-folder, with copies of various official documents from my collection.
Revision History (2 Oct 28)

Here is additional aid for people revisiting my notes. Where has there been the most significant growth, in addition to the hints implied by chapter headings with date in parentheses, showing when I last added anything to a chapter, such as an additional citation? Note that I also periodically move some chapters from one split area to another, to help improve overall organization, as some sub-topics become more important. 2012 Oct-28 Nations V 4.85 shared o 84-98 nations and regions, where drones operate, plus one terrorist organization. 7 nations not members of UN, 193 are members. o I reacted to another damn silly untrue news media article, identifying the only nations using drones to attack other nations, where 3 were listed I found that 11+ nations have used drones in military attacks, where it is
18+ nations where the military attacks took place.

2012 Oct-25 Reports V 4.83 shared 29 pages; 178 foot; 456k Doc; 275k PDF. o V 4.83 listed 91 documents referenced, plus my 8 splits. 7 suggested key education
185 186
https://docs.google.com/folder/d/0B9euafJH4b-ZLWR0bmZLS3d5OVk/edit Google Drive Document Collection = Drone Info: https://docs.google.com/folder/d/0B9euafJH4b-ZLWR0bmZLS3d5OVk/edit I also have a Google Drive Doc Collection = Disaster Avoidance, where I look into what the heck happened to cause various disasters, various proposals to be better prepared for better response, in many cases I do not yet have all the answers I desire. https://docs.google.com/folder/d/0B9euafJH4bZMTA0YTM0YzktNTI0YS00NjVhLTg5NTItY2RiZjhiM2MzODkw/edit 187 http://www.scribd.com/AlMac99
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50 Drone downloads 1 Disasters 3 Earth Quake 7 National Security 2 Scandals 14 Later 7 Scribd mentioned 2012 Oct-17 Issues V 4.8 shared 30 pages, 82 foot, Doc 296k, PDF 212k. o Where the beginning is a list of issues, that concern many people, worth exploring and figuring out, towards the end is what I have figured out which disturbs me greatly about the nations vulnerability to a great spectrum of threats, apparently not on the radar screens of the people in charge of National Defense, and serious holes in what passes for privacy protection for the people. In this stage of development of my notes, I explained Manchurian Chip, and correlations from multiple reports. 2012 Oct-16 Terms V 4.78 = 145 pages, 486 foot, Doc 2,247k, PDF 1,267k. o 870 acronyms and concepts defined, in V 4.78 Terms. o Additions to: GPS Spoofing; Targeted Killing; UN Charter. 2012 Oct-14 Issues V 4.77 shared 21 pages, 67 foot, Doc 224k, PDF 167k. o Intro Oxymoron that Killing Saves Lives. o Near end start Government can of worms.
Dates Issues Nations Scribd Terms thru Oct-13 (2 Oct 28)

2012 Oct-13 Nations V 4.75 shared 26 pages, 140 foot, Doc 685k, PDF 324k. o Hezbollah Drone over Israel. 2012 Oct-11 Scribd V 4.72 shared: 60 pages; 236 foot; Doc 690k; PDF 447k. o Lots of minor changes, but the major addition was my argument that: o Given that there is ample evidence Congress is doing drone oversight; o It is wrong for people to call upon Congress to do oversight of drones; o While at the same time try to explain why I think Congress should get an F grade for the quality of this work. 2012 Oct 10 Reports V 4.7 shared: 20 pages, 110 foot, 284k Doc, 180k PDF. o V 4.7 listed: 67 documents referenced, plus my 8 splits, so far. 6 suggested key education 44 drone downloads 7 Scribd mentioned 6 National Security 10 More 2012 Oct-10 Issues V 4.66 Legal Issues added. 2012 Oct-9 split Drone Dates from Drone Notes. o This is time line calendar of what allegedly happened when, how we found out, thanks to key publications, when they came out. o V 4.62 started with: 29 page, 122 foot, 380k Doc, 280k PDF
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Nations Scribd Terms thru Oct-8 (2 Oct 28)

2012 Oct-8 Nations V 4.3 shared 24 pages, 120 foot, 537k Doc, 308k PDF. o 85 nations & regions with drone usage heavy citations. o UN treaties only apply to 193 UN member states, which approve them. I added list of what 7 nations188 exist which are not members of the UN. o I listed nations in relevant non-proliferation treaties, and mismatches. 2012 Oct-7 Terms V 4.1 shared 138 page, 470 foot, 2.26m Doc, 1.2m PDF. o 830 acronyms and concepts defined, in V 4.1 Terms. o Latest focus = need for innocent victims to have remedy alternatives, what exists so far through International Law courts, international law within national legal systems, and whole Human Rights area. 2012 Sep-30 Nations V 3.8 shared 16 pages, 114 foot, 575k Doc, 270k PDF. o 85 nations & regions identified as having drones operating. GAO was not counting nations where they being attacked by drones, but not yet have their own, which can change rapidly as we have seen with Iran taking down a US drone, reverse engineering it, then exporting the technology. GAO also not counting nations, used as bases for other nations military drones, where sometimes they crash. 2012 Sep-21 Terms V 3.3 shared 77 pages, 340 foot, 1,855k Doc, 735k PDF. o 635 acronyms and concepts defined, in V 3.3 Terms. o 2012 Sep-10 I split Drone Nations separate from Drone Notes. o 80 nations & regions identified as having drones operating. 2012 Sep-6 I split Drone Scribd separate from Drone Notes. o I had started a Drone Info collection on Scribd, intended to review individual docs there, correlate the value of their information. 2012 Sept-3 I split Drone Terms separate from Drone Notes. o 265 acronyms and concepts defined, in V 2.4, at time of initial split.
76 nations known to GAO I reconcile this.
Notes thru 2012 Aug (2 Oct 14)

Until I did first split in September 2012, all of my notes were in one document. I needed to split into smaller chunks, since different people at different times interested in portions of the whole, and also sometimes easier for me to manage updates that way. 2012 Aug end V 2.3 notes now 148 pages, 850 footnotes, 2,110 doc, 815 PDF.
188
It has been controversial whether Palestine, and some others, should be considered to be nations.
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o New sections and chapters were growing for Dates Time Line, and Technology Advances. o I nailed down how drones very different from other government regulation philosophies. o 70 nations & regions identified as having drones operating. o USA locations named with drones, had grown to: 8 cities 2 counties 14 states 26 academia 15 federal agencies 2012 May, I started this research. o Prior to the start of this document, many friends had shared random links, to disturbing stories about drone trends, via social media. This became an effort to put the many links and contexts into a more coherent package.
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Drone Nations listed by Al Mac

Drone Nations in Al Studies / Drones folder

Drone Nations listed by Al Mac

Introduction (2 Sep 10)

Drone Nations in Al Studies / Drones folder

Drone Nations listed by Al Mac

Version numbers are incremented, as replacement editions of this document are

Where in World? (3 Feb 17)

Drone Nations in Al Studies / Drones folder

Introduction to Drone Wars UK Briefing

Drone Nations in Al Studies / Drones folder

Drone Nations listed by Al Mac

Nations B+ (3 Feb 14)

Nations C+ (3 Jan 29)

Drone Nations in Al Studies / Drones folder

Drone Nations in Al Studies / Drones folder

Drone Nations listed by Al Mac

Nations E+ (3 Feb 10)

Drone Nations in Al Studies / Drones folder

Drone Nations listed by Al Mac Germany38 Greece39 Hungary40

Nations I+ (3 Feb 04)

Drone Nations in Al Studies / Drones folder

Drone Nations listed by Al Mac

Drone Notes chapter on Hacker and Malware Concerns

Drone Nations in Al Studies / Drones folder

Drone Nations listed by Al Mac

Nations J+ (2 Dec 27)

Drone Nations in Al Studies / Drones folder

Drone Nations listed by Al Mac

Nations M+ (3 Jan 25)

See chapter on Hezbollah use of drones.

Drone Nations in Al Studies / Drones folder

Nations P+ (3 Jan 10)

Drone Nations in Al Studies / Drones folder

Drone Nations listed by Al Mac

Nations R+ (2 Nov 30)

Nations S+ (3 Feb 06)

Drone Nations in Al Studies / Drones folder

Drone Nations in Al Studies / Drones folder

Nations T+ (2 Sep 14)

Taiwan100 Tanzania101 Thailand102 Trinidad and Tobago103 Tunisia104 Turkey105

Nations U+ (2 Dec 28)

Drone Nations in Al Studies / Drones folder

Drone Nations listed by Al Mac

Drone Nations in Al Studies / Drones folder

Drone Nations listed by Al Mac

Drone Nations in Al Studies / Drones folder

Drone Nations listed by Al Mac

Hezbollah drones (2 Oct 29)

http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2012/10/07/israel_shoots_down_drone_that_may_have_been_ma de_by_iran_launched_from_lebanon_.html 122 http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-10-07/israel-says-drone-origin-being-probed-amid-hezbollahlink-report.html

Drone Nations in Al Studies / Drones folder

Drone Nations listed by Al Mac

Drone Nations in Al Studies / Drones folder

Drone Nations listed by Al Mac

International Airspace Waters etc. (2 Nov 10)

Outer Space (2 Dec 02)

Drone Nations in Al Studies / Drones folder

Drone Nations listed by Al Mac

Regions and Continents (3 Jan 29)

MTCR (2 Oct 08)

Drone Nations in Al Studies / Drones folder