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ABSTRACT This paper deals with the design & development of a theft control system for an automobile, which is being used to prevent / control the theft of a vehicle. The developed system makes use of an embedded system based on GSM technology. An interfacing mobile is also connected to the microcontroller, which is in turn, connected to the engine. Once, the vehicle is being stolen, the information is being used by the vehicle owner for further processing. The information is passed onto the central processing insurance system, where by sitting at a remote place, a particular number is dialed by them to the interfacing mobile that is with the hardware kit which is installed in the vehicle. By reading the signals received by the mobile, one can control the ignition of the engine; say to lock it or to stop the engine immediately. Again it will come to the normal condition only after entering a secured password. The owner of the vehicle & the central processing system will know this secured password. The main concept in this design is introducing the mobile communications into the embedded system. Keywords GSM, Microcontroller, mobile, vehicle.
I. INTRODUCTION More than 93 percent of car thefts occur in metropolitan areas where motor vehicle theft remains a pervasive problem. Western states, in particular, experience high rates of motor vehicle theft, while nationally a car or truck was stolen every 28.8 seconds in 2007. The FBI Uniform Crime Reports released in September 2008 estimate 1.1 million motor vehicle thefts in 2007, with an estimated value of $7.4 billion. The most costly property crime in the United States, auto theft results in monetary losses to
victims and affects auto insurance costs for the driving public and public safety costs for state and local governments. Casual car theft, such as those committed by joyriding juveniles, still exists but has become a lesser part of the auto theft problem. Increasingly, car theft is a sophisticated criminal enterprise that involves title fraud, vehicle identification cloning, and stripping cars for parts in chop shops. The domestic and international black market for stolen vehicles and their parts is a profitable business. Vehicle identification cloning helps facilitate the crime of dealing in stolen vehicles. A thief copies a Vehicle Identification Number from a legally owned and documented vehicle and uses it to create counterfeit VIN tags for a similar vehicle, making it easier to sell the cloned vehicle without detection. Thieves also create phantom or paper vehicles by obtaining insurance on a car that does not exist or that they do not own, reporting it as stolen and collecting on the claim. Antique and luxury vehicles often are used for these schemes because they yield large insurance settlements. The parts from popular older models often are collectively worth more than the intact vehicle. Many of these stolen cars end up in chop shops, where they are disassembled for parts sold to unscrupulous or unsuspecting repair shops or parts dealers. Some stolen vehicles are sold on the export market. Older, classic American cars are among those most valued overseas. It is estimated that at least 10 percent of automobile theft is a false report of a stolen car; that is, the vehicle has been given up or disposed of to pursue a fraudulent insurance claim. Some of these cars are simply abandoned, and some may end up at illegitimate chop shops and be fraudulently re-tagged and resold. Insurers estimate that one in six stolen cars in the United States is shipped overseas or driven across state or international borders. Some vehicles that are fraudulently reported as stolen instead may have been traded for drugs. Stolen cars also are
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The Roads and Traffic Authority also provides CARS with data on all motorised vehicles currently registered in the state biannually. This study was based on the data at 31st December 2006. In addition, to be consistent with the Roads and Traffic Authoritys terminology, the word controller is used in this report and encompasses all road vehicle users including drivers and riders. III. LIMITATIONS There are several limitations to be noted. Approximately 2.2% of the motor vehicles in the crash data did not have a valid registration plate to allow a join with the CARS vehicle theft data. This means that the number of stolen vehicles involved in road crashes may be slightly under-represented in this study. Manual checks of the crash data were also carried out. Three crash incidents which resulted in a join with the stolen data were removed from the stolen vehicle group due to a match on an invalid registration plate (e.g. registration plate 000) or because the stolen vehicle was reportedly recovered following the first of two crashes. Additionally, a high proportion of data on the age and sex of individuals in crashes involving stolen vehicles was missing due to individuals fleeing the scene of the crash thus impossible to obtain the data. This also
All of the elements in the system described above combine to produce many GSM services such as voice calls and SMS. One of the key features of GSM is the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM), commonly known as a SIM card. The SIM is a detachable smart card containing the users subscription information and phonebook. This allows the user to retain his information after switching handsets. Alternatively, the user can also change operators while retaining the handset simply by changing the SIM [2]. II. METHODOLOGY The study was based on data from the New South Wales Roads and Traffic Authoritys Traffic Accident Database System on vehicle crashes that occurred between the 1999/2000 and 2006/2007
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IV. FINDINGS 4.1 Crashes involving stolen vehicle Since the 1999/00 financial year, the number of road crashes in New South Wales has fallen by approximately 15.3% (53,331 crashes in 1999/00; 45,161 in 2006/07). The proportion of crashes involving a stolen vehicle also shows a downward trend over the period with the majority of the decline occurring between 2000/01 and 2003/04, after which the proportion remains relatively stable. In 1999/00, approximately 2.0% of road crashes involved a stolen vehicle with the proportion falling to 1.2% by 2006/07. Over the entire eight-year period, 1.7% of crashes involved a stolen vehicle. V. FUNDING AUTO THEFT REVENTION AUTHORITIES Dedicated, continuous funding of auto theft prevention authorities contributes to their success. Most states fund them with a small sum per vehicle collected from insurance companies that issue coverage in the state. The Washington Auto Theft Prevention Authority receives its revenue from a $10 surcharge on traffic infraction fees. In Maryland, legislation to establish the Vehicle Theft Prevention Council also created a Vehicle Theft Prevention Fund that consists, in part, of approximately $2 million from penalties collected for terminated or lapsed automobile insurance, and of appropriated state funds. The fund is used for Council expenses and has provided more than $20 million for vehicle theft prevention programs consistent with a statewide strategy. According to the 2007 annual report of the Maryland Vehicle Theft Prevention Council, effectiveness correlates to funding levels over the 13 years it has operated. Overall, auto thefts in Maryland in 2007 remained below the 1994 base year. The most significant success occurred in and around Baltimore, where the Baltimore Regional Auto Theft Team, (RATT), a multi-jurisdictional task force, has seen a 50 percent drop in motor vehicle theft rates since 1995. The Michigan Auto Theft
Definitions and brands differ significantly from state to state. A salvage brand is required in Georgia, for example, if restoration would require replacement of two or more component parts. In Kentucky, a salvage brand is required if the cost to repair exceeds 75 percent of the vehicles value. Vermont requires a salvage brand on any vehicle that an insurer declares a total loss. Varying thresholds exist for other brands such as junk or flood. In Virginia, a vehicle receives a flood brand if there is more than $1,000 in
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VII. CONCLUSION A novel method of designing a low-cost, compact theft control system for a vehicle was designed & demonstrated in this paper. This work is an ultimate threat for vehicle thieves. Nowadays, the vehicles are least secured when it is stolen by thieves. By this work which is presented in this paper, it is very easy to track the vehicle at a higher degree of accuracy, since it is based on GSM Technology, which is very developed now. So, it is very much easy to get back the vehicle. The crux of the work is that the whole process is done at the least possible cost and it is almost accomodable to the practical implementation. In future, there is no doubt that all of the vehicles will be embedded with this unique kit.
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REFERENCES
[1] Kenneth J. Ayala, The 8051 Microcontroller Architecture, programming &applications, Penram International, India, 2006. [2] Douglas V Hall, Microprocessor and InterfacingProgramming & Hardware.
www.nicb.org/cps/rde/xchg/nicb/hs.xsl/index.htm.
[4] Livingston, D.H., Merritt, S., Callori, S., and Vanek, S. (1998). Auto theft-related trauma. The Journal of Trauma, Vol 45(4), p 780-783. [5] Ziersch, E.N and Ransom, S. (2008). Road crashes involving stolen vehicles in South Australia. Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety, Vol 19(2), p 38.
AUTHORS PROFILE
K. Veeranna Reddy working as Assoc.Professor & Head, Dept. of ECE at Sri Sai Madhavi Institute of Science & Technology, Mallampudi, Rajahmundry, A.P., India. His research interest includes Microprocessor, Embedded Systems, and Control Systems.
Y. Tirumala Babu pursuing his M.Tech (ECE) with specialization in Embedded Systems at St. Marys College of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad, India. His research interest includes Microprocessor, Embedded Systems, and Control Systems.
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