CVG 2141

Civil Engineering Materials

Lab 2 : Sieve Analysis & Relative Density of Fine Aggregate

Flonja Shyti

Lab Date: October 18, 2012 Report Date: November 1, 2012

TA: Yassin Al-Delaimi

Lab Group : D4 Lab Partners

Abstract

Table of content 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Tittle page Abstract.1 Objectives.2 Theoretical Background..3 Materials and Equipment..4 Experimental Procedure.5 Analysis of Data. Discussion of results Conclusion and Results References Appendices

List of tables

List of figures

1. Objectives Standards CSA A23.2-2A Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregate CSA A23.2-6A Relative Density and Absorption of Fine Aggregate Purpose To determine the particle size distribution of fine and coarse aggregates. To determine the specific gravity (or relative density) of fine aggregate.

2. Theoretical Background Aggregates are granular material used with a cementing medium to form concrete, as foundation material, as drainage layer, road base. Aggregates need to be strong, free of undesirable impurities and chemically stable. Aggregates are used because they reduce cost and have a greater volume stability than paste. The shape and texture of aggregates are important when they are used in the making of concrete because they have an impact on the strength and workability of the concrete. The different combinations that can be made are presented in the Table 1. Aggregates can be grouped into two groups: Fine aggregate (Fine sand, crushed stones with a size smaller or equal to 4.75mm); Coarse aggregates (gravel, crushed stones with a size greater than 4.75mm but usually 10-40mm). Table1. The strength and Workability of Concrete based on the shape and texture of aggregate [1] Shape/Texture Rounded Angular Smooth Rough Strength Low High Low High Workability High Low High Low

The specific gravity is important for the mix, it is used to establish the weight-volume relationships. The specific gravity can be defined as the ratio of the mass of a unit volume of a material at a specific temperature to the mass of the same volume of gas-free distilled water at that temperature. There are three types of specific gravity: Bulk Dry; Bulk Surface saturated; apparent Specific gravity . The bulk specific gravity is expressed by the formula below where . The formula for bulk specific gravity can also be expressed as shown below ,

Where A is the mass of the oven dry sand, B is the mass of the pycnometer filled with water, S is the mass of the saturated-surface dry, and C is the mass of the pycnometer filled with water and sand. The apparent specific gravity is expressed by the formula below ASG= where is the mass of the oven dry aggregate, is the mass of the saturated

sample in water. In this lab the formula used to calculate the apparent specific gravity is expressed by the formula given below where A is the mass of the oven dry sand, B is the mass of the pycnometer filled with water , and C is the mass of the pycnometer filled with water and sand.

3. Materials and equipment The materials used in this lab are : Sand 20-mm crushed limestone aggregate

The equipment used in this lab are : Scales Small sieves Sieve shaker Pycnometer or other suitable container into which the fine aggregate sample can be introduced

4. Experimental Procedure The samples required for the sieve analysis of the coarse and fine aggregate were weighted out 5. Analysis of Data

Sieve Number 4 8 16 30 50 100

Mass (g)

Percent Retained 0.70 11.88 17.27 48.10 17.76 1.70

Percent Passed 99.30 88.12 82.73 51.90 82.24 98.30

3.5 59.5 86.5 241 89 8.5

Cumulative Percent Retained 0.7 12.57 29.84 77.94 95.71 97.41

Sieve Number 3/4 1/2 3/8 4 8

Mass(g)

580 3040 1060 460 20

Percent Retained (%) 11.09 58.11 20.26 8.79 0.38

Percent Passed (%) 88.91 41.89 79.74 91.21 99.62

Cumulative Percent Retained (%) 11.09 69.20 89.46 98.25 98.64

The fineness modulus of the sand for the fine aggregate is Fineness Modulus =