INTEGRATED RURAL ENERGY PROGRAMME TRAINING CENTRE

Location Delhi

Architect Manmohan Dayal

Building typology: designed as training center for energy programme in

rural areas

Objective: The land was previously used as brick kiln where irep training
center built; building is designed keeping in mind to reduce energy
consumption. Study will help in identifying building technology as well as
use of exposed brick and building section will be studied to identify thermal
performance

The general objectives of the project were

• Integration of advanced solar passive architectural systems

• Simplicity of operation and maintainanace

• Integration of climate consideration in the for mof the building,

construction, and landscape.
Picture labeling….the plan of the main office block of the IREP showing use
of courtyards as micro climate modifier. Also shown is the network of the
earth air tunnel system. A 2.5 m wide and 1.2 m high earth berm runs
round the building, which helps in moderating internal temperatures.
A building in composite climate where the room temperatures in summer
are lowerby 6-70 C ,and the winter temperature is raised by about 50 C
than in a conventional building.

The initial requirements were for four lecture theatres of 40 m2 each, a

library, an auditorium (having a capacity of 300 seats), a laboratory and
computer room, administrative offices, and hostel facilities for 50 persons.
Further, residential accommodation was provided for employees. Later, a
guesthouse was also included.

Passive solapr concepts : the several measures adopted to reduce the

thermal heat loads in the complex are outlined below.

Controlling penetration of direct solar radiation

The south side is protected by chajjas (overhangs) of appropriate depth,

which prevent the heat of the summer sun from entering, yet allow the
winter radiation to penetrate within. A combination of horizontal and
vertical louvers prevents the heat from the south-east/north-west sun, and
at the same time provides adequate cross ventilation.

Reducing heat conduction through roof and walls

The amount of heat conducted int ot he structure through the building

fabric is dependent on the thermal resistance of the material and its heat
storage capacity. Discomfort is caused by solar radiation, which is absorbed
by the outside surface and transmitted through the roof of walls to the
inside surface. The following steps have been taken to minimize
conduction.

Shading

The complex is built around 3 courtyards with 75% wall area shaded b y
2.1m wide corridors. A further 10% of this is north facing (which is mostly
shaded). Deciduous trees on the periphery of the building along the east
and west orientation provide further shade. Creepers along the east and
west orientation provide further shade. Creepers along the walls add to the
insulation and help in evaporative cooling.

Insulation
It is essential to insulate the roof as it receives as much as 50% solar
radiation in summer. A traditional cost effective system has been used
where the entire roof is covered with densely packed inverted earthen pots
laid in mud phuska. This arrangement provides an insulation cover of still
air over the roof, which impedes heat flow within the building.

Thermally massive wall and cavity wall

Designed for daytime use, training Centre has 345-mm thick exposed brick
walls that have a time lag of about 8 hours, and an overall heat transfer
coefficient (u-value) of 1.9W/m2 0 C. Cavity walls (230mm brick wall +
35mm cavity + 115mm brick wall) envelop the computer centre to give an
additional air gap insulation of 35mm (U-value 1.2W/m2 0 C and a time lagof
12 hours).

Earth berming
Direct contact with the earth creates better comfort levels than evaporative
cooling, as it does not increase the humidity within the rooms. While is was
not possible to build a totally earth sheltered building, an earth berm, 2.5m
wide and 1.2 m high, runs along the external periphery of the structure.
The induction of the earth mass to the thermal mass of the building
reduces fluctuation in the thermal load besides acting as a for m of shading
and insulation.

Installed renewable enrgy systems in the buildings and in the

energy park
A 300 W roof-mount solar photovoltaic plant with battery back up powers
the computers in the building. Solar water heating requirements in the
hostels are met by solar water heating system. The energy park within the
complex has demonstration units for various renewable energy systems.

A green house, solar still, solar refrigerator, smokeless chulla, gasifier unit,
and a biogas unit have been put up for demonstration. The biogas
generated from the biogas plant is used for cooking in hostels. The solar
refrigerator cools drinking water during summers. A solar pump has also
been put up for water pumping purposes.

Performance
Although no data have been collected by the Delhi energy development
Agency on the performance of the various passive systems used in
improving the thermal comport level, it can be safely said that the summer
daytime room temperatures within the Centre are lower by 6-70 C, and the
winter temperature is raised by about 50 C compared to a conventional
building. The users are comfortable round the year and do not feel the
need for additional space-conditioning during summer or winter.
CALCULATIONS AND OBSERVATIONS
 RADIATION SQUARE
INCIDENT DIRECT RADIATION ON HORIZONTAL SURFACE
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
1AM
2AM
3AM
4AM
5AM
6AM 0 34 92 118 175 235 205 155 107 87 34 0
7AM 37 67 115 187 267 462 261 196 134 98 67 45
8AM 49 126 253 345 431 462 422 362 295 197 125 74
9AM 186 269 391 503 593 604 582 528 456 358 270 201
10AM 334 421 529 667 756 746 741 700 778 520 421 453
11AM 445 555 667 799 873 818 855 838 778 672 556 453
12 470 690 736 829 873 853 889 838 805 694 573 466
1PM 445 555 667 799 873 818 855 838 778 672 556 453
2PM 334 421 529 667 756 746 741 700 778 520 421 350
3PM 186 269 391 503 593 604 582 528 456 358 270 201
4PM 49 126 253 345 431 462 422 362 295 197 125 74
5PM 37 67 115 187 267 462 261 196 134 98 67 45
6PM 0 34 92 118 175 235 205 155 107 87 34 0
7PM
8PM
9PM
10PM
11PM
12

ENVELOPE HEAT TRANSFER

 ENVELOPE A
R VALUE 3.22
U VALUE 0.31
PERCENTAGE IN GLAZING 1.62
EXPOSED SKIN AREA TO FLOOR
AREA 1.69
SKIN HEAT FLOW W/KM2 OF FLOOR AREA 0.80
TOTAL HEAT GAIN 10.50

INCIDENT DIRECT RADIATION ON SOUTH WEST SURFACE

SOUTH WEST

SOLAR HEAT SHADING COEFF X

GAIN SHADING COEFF
FACTOR % GLAZING GLASS
JAN 2587.44
FEB 2736.44
MAR 2747.96
APR 2521.08
MAY 2198.31
JUNE 1857.93
JULY 1911.44
AUG 2258.95
SEPT 2698.49
OCT 3028.04
NOV 3134.56
DEC 2891.06 1.62 0.60

JAN 2587.44
TOTAL GAIN SKIN
TIME % WATTS/M² SOLAR HEAT GAIN AREA(13.12) X GAIN
6AM/6PM 0.00 0.00 0.00
7AM /5PM 1.50 38.81 0.00 0.00
8AM/4PM 2.00 51.75 0.00 0.00
9AM/3PM 7.50 194.06 10.00 131.20
10AM/2PM 13.50 349.30 20.00 262.40
11AM/1PM 18.00 465.74 25.00 328.00
12NOON 19.00 491.61 28.00 367.36

MAY 2198.31
TIME % WATTS/M²
6AM/6PM 2.50 54.96 0.00 0.00
7AM /5PM 3.82 83.98 4.00 52.48
8AM/4PM 6.17 135.64 6.00 78.72
9AM/3PM 8.50 186.86 7.00 91.84
10AM/2PM 10.83 238.08 15.00 196.80
11AM/1PM 12.50 274.79 18.00 236.16
12NOON 12.50 274.79 18.00 236.16

AUG 2258.95
TIME % WATTS/M²
6AM/6PM 2.50 56.47 0.00 0.00
7AM /5PM 3.16 71.38 0.00 0.00
8AM/4PM 5.83 131.70 6.00 78.72
9AM/3PM 8.50 192.01 7.00 91.84
10AM/2PM 11.27 254.58 15.00 196.80
11AM/1PM 13.50 304.96 16.00 209.92
12NOON 13.50 304.96 16.00 209.92
ENVELOPE PROPERTIES

TEMP IN SIDE
MONTH TEMP OUT SIDE (REQUIRED) Δt
ºc ºF ºc ºF ºc ºF
JAN 6.50 43.70 20.00 68.00 13.50 56.30
FEB 9.50 49.10 20.00 68.00 10.50 50.75
MAR 30.00 86.00 22.00 71.60 8.00 46.40
APR 36.00 96.80 24.00 75.20 12.00 53.60
MAY 36.70 98.06 24.00 75.20 12.70 54.86
JUNE 40.50 104.90 24.00 75.20 16.50 61.70
JULY 39.00 102.20 23.00 73.40 16.00 59.90
AUG 33.30 91.40 23.00 73.40 10.30 50.54
SEPT 33.00 91.40 23.00 73.40 10.00 50.00
OCT 32.90 91.20 23.00 73.40 9.90 48.50
NOV 11.00 51.00 20.00 68.00 9.00 48.20
DEC 8.00 46.40 20.00 68.00 12.00 54.10

WALL ENVELOPE A
JANURY
TEMP AT
OUTER EDG
TEMP DROP OF
COMPONEN ∑ R FROM FROM IN COMPONEN
T R VALUE IN SIDE SIDE T ºF TEMP IN ºc
INTERNAL
AIR FILM 0.68 0.68 11.90 56.10 13.30
BK WALL 0.80 1.48 25.89 42.11 11.54
AIR CAVITY 1.38 2.86 50.00 18.00 18.62
BK WALL 0.19 3.05 53.33 14.67 18.18
EXTERNAL
AIR FILM 0.17 3.22 56.30 11.70 18.00
3.22

MAY
TEMP AT
INNER EDG
TEMP DROP OF
COMPONEN ∑ R FROM FROM OUT COMPONEN
T R VALUE OUT SIDE SIDE T ºF TEMP IN ºc
EXTERNAL
AIR FILM 0.17 0.17 2.90 95.16 35.06
BK WALL 0.19 0.36 6.14 91.92 33.28
AIR CAVITY 1.38 1.74 29.63 68.43 20.23
BK WALL 0.80 2.54 43.27 54.79 12.66
INNER AIR
FILM 0.68 3.22 54.86 43.20 6.22
3.22

AUG
TEMP AT
INNER EDG
TEMP DROP OF
COMPONEN ∑ R FROM FROM OUT COMPONEN
T R VALUE OUT SIDE SIDE T ºF TEMP IN ºc
EXTERNAL
AIR FILM 0.17 0.17 2.67 88.73 31.41
BK WALL 0.19 0.36 5.65 85.75 29.86
AIR CAVITY 1.38 1.74 27.30 64.10 17.83
BK WALL 0.80 2.54 39.86 51.54 10.85
INNER AIR
FILM 0.68 3.22 50.54 40.86 4.96
3.22

INTERIOR ILLUMINANCE

Calculate interior illuminance for

STEP-4 each of the five reference points

E = T (Exvk x CUk
+ Exvg x CUg)

JAN. 21 –
REFERENCE POINT T Exvk Cuk Exvg Cug E
0 434.7
10.00 0.08 6000.00 0.88 525.00 .20 3
0 396.4
30.00 0.08 6000.00 0.80 525.00 .24 9
0 335.1
50.00 0.08 6000.00 0.67 525.00 .26 8
0 276.7
70.00 0.08 6000.00 0.55 525.00 .27 5
0 229.8
90.00 0.08 6000.00 0.45 525.00 .26 8

MAY. 21 –
REFERENCE POINT T Exvk Cuk Exvg Cug E
3010.0 0 723.6
10.00 0.08 9500.00 0.88 0 .20 1
3010.0 0 669.7
30.00 0.08 9500.00 0.80 0 .24 8
3010.0 0 576.4
50.00 0.08 9500.00 0.67 0 .26 0
3010.0 0 485.4
70.00 0.08 9500.00 0.55 0 .27 9
3010.0 0 410.4
90.00 0.08 9500.00 0.45 0 .26 0

AUG. 21 –
REFERENCE POINT T Exvk Cuk Exvg Cug E
13000.0 3325.0 0 977.3
10.00 0.08 0 0.88 0 .20 5
13000.0 3325.0 0 901.2
30.00 0.08 0 0.80 0 .24 3
13000.0 3325.0 0 772.1
50.00 0.08 0 0.67 0 .26 1
13000.0 3325.0 0 647.1
70.00 0.08 0 0.55 0 .27 2
13000.0 3325.0 0 544.6
90.00 0.08 0 0.45 0 .26 8