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Web Server : Apache And NginX

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FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 2012

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Reverse Proxy With Nginx

As we know Nginx is event driven and uses persistent connections which makes it faster as compare to other Web / Proxy Servers. So, here's the simple example for setting up reverse proxy with NginX with some caching options: Install Nginx http://apache-error.blogspot.in/2012/02/how-to-install-nginxwebserver.html Create a file in /etc/nginx/conf.d/whatever.conf and enter following contents:

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server { listen 80; server_name server1.com www.server1.com ; # Server Names for which you want to make this server proxy

access_log off; error_log off;

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# proxy to Apache 2 and mod_python location / { proxy_pass http://Backend_Server_IP:80/; proxy_redirect off;

proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;

proxy_connect_timeout proxy_send_timeout

60; 60;

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proxy_read_timeout 60;

proxy_buffer_size 4k; proxy_buffers 4 32k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k; } } For Caching contents create a file /etc/nginx/conf.d/cache.conf and enter following contents:

## Size Limits client_body_buffer_size 128K; client_header_buffer_size 1M; client_max_body_size 1M; large_client_header_buffers 8 8k;

## Timeouts client_body_timeout 60; client_header_timeout 60; expires 24h; keepalive_timeout 60 60; send_timeout 60;

## General Options ignore_invalid_headers on; keepalive_requests 100; limit_zone gulag $binary_remote_addr 5m; recursive_error_pages on; sendfile on; server_name_in_redirect off; server_tokens off;

## TCP options tcp_nodelay on; tcp_nopush on;

## Compression gzip on; gzip_buffers 16 8k; gzip_comp_level 6; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_min_length 0; gzip_types text/plain text/css image/x-icon application/x-perl application/x-httpd-cgi; gzip_vary on;

## Log Format log_format main '$remote_addr $host $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" ' '"$gzip_ratio" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

This cache.conf will be used by default for all your VHOSTS content caching, so you can manage accordingly :) Start nginx service : service nginx start

Please correct if find somewhere mis-spelled or incorrect!!!

Posted by Manoj Kumar at 10:00 AM No comments:

WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 2012

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How to Install Nginx WebServer

How to Install Nginx Web Server using Yum Add Nginx yum repository, create a file named /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo and paste one of the configurations below: For CentOS CentOS:[nginx] name=nginx repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 For Redhat RHEL:[nginx] name=nginx repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/rhel/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 Due to differences between how CentOS, RHEL, and Scientific Linux populate the $releasever variable, it is necessary to manually replace $releasever with either "5" (for 5.x) or "6" (for 6.x), depending upon your OS version. Now Run following command to install NginX Web Server: yum -y install nginx Start NginX Service : service nginx start

How to Install Nginx Web Server using source code Download stable source code from http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.0.11.tar.gz Unzip source code : tar zxvf nginx-1.0.11.tar.gz Unzipped directory should be nginx-1.0.11: cd nginx-1.0.11 Run following commands to install: ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx (--prefix=[path where to install].... use ./configure -help to find more options to enable or disable features) make make install Start Nginx Web Server : /opt/nginx/bin/nginx Stop Nginx Web Server : /opt/nginx/bin/nginx -s stop Nginx Logs and PID file : /opt/nginx/logs/{access.log}{error.log}{nginx.pid} Thats it!!! Ref : http://wiki.nginx.org/Install http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/07/install-nginx-from-source/
Posted by Manoj Kumar at 3:37 AM No comments:

WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 28, 2011

Apache vs NginX
Nginx is known for its high performance, stability, rich feature set, simple configuration, and low resource consumption

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Nginx is one of a handful of servers written to address the C10K problem. Unlike traditional servers, Nginx doesn't rely on threads to handle requests. Instead it uses a much more scalable event-driven (asynchronous) architecture. This architecture uses small, but more importantly, predictable amounts of memory under load. Even if you don't expect to handle thousands of simultaneous requests, you can still benefit from Nginx's high-performance and small memory footprint. Nginx scales in all directions: from the smallest VPS all the way up to clusters of servers. Nginx particularly excels at serving static fileslike the Tectonicus map tile images. For larger websites, it's often employed as a front-end Web server to quickly dish up unchanging page content, while passing on requests for dynamic stuff to more complex Apache Web servers running elsewhere. However, I was interested in it purely as a fast single Web server. http://joeandmotorboat.com/2008/02/28/apache-vs-nginx-web-server-performancedeathmatch/ http://www.wikivs.com/wiki/Apache_vs_nginx Apache The drawback to doing everything with processes is that Apache prefork can be a bit of a memory hog, especially under load. Another precompiled flavor of Apache can be installed as an alternative: Apache MPM worker. "Worker" differs from "prefork" in that worker's processes are multithreaded, giving them the ability to service more requests with fewer system resources. This can translate into faster pages served with less RAM and CPU. However, because some Apache modules don't necessarily work well when run under multithreaded Apache, you have to specifically select this version to install on Ubuntu and on other GNU/Linux distros with package management. Alternatively we can use FastCGI with Apache to handle PHP requests. FastCGI can use a single persistent process which handles many requests over its lifetime http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/rhel-centos-fedora-apache2-fastcgi-phpconfiguration.html Other Surveys for All Web Servers http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2011/04/06/april-2011-web-server-survey.html
Posted by Manoj Kumar at 9:38 AM No comments:

Labels: Apache, linux, nginX, ubuntu, w eb server

FRIDAY, DECEMBER 2, 2011

Apache Questions
Q1 How to enable Directory Listing Ans Place "Options +Indexes" in Directory Tabs Q2 Allow Apache to use / access symbolic links directory/files Ans Place "Options +FollowSymLinks" in Directory Tabs Q3 Allow Apache to use / access .htaccess file Ans Place "AllowOverride All" in Directory Tabs Q4 Can we replace .htaccess file to some other for our convenient Ans Yes, change "AccessFileName .htaccess" to "AccessFileName .xyz" Q5 Set default number of start processes Ans Find "StartServers ..." and set as per your requirement Q6 How to disable Apache signature/version

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Ans ServerSignature Off Q7 How to block/disable TRACE Ans Use "TraceEnable Off" globally so that TRACE will be disabled for all VHOSTS Q8 Best tools for monitoring Apache Requests Ans use Apache Handler "server-status" and APACHETOP tool (its like TOP command in linux) Q9 How can we protect our site to avoid DOS/DDOS attacks Ans Use mod_evasive apache module or this can also be done through firewall Q10 Redirect abc.com to www.abc.com Ans Use following in abc.com VHOST : - "Redirect / http://www.abc.com/" Q11 Which Apache processes are consuming higher memory Ans Use ApacheTop or "ps -ylC httpd --sort rss" this command will show all apache processes in ascending order according to \memory size used by per process (RSS field) Q12 What are different MPM's available in Apache for Linux and how they work Ans There are 2 MPMs available 1) Worker 2) Prefork

Worker :- This Multi-Processing Module (MPM) implements a hybrid multiprocess multi-threaded server. By using threads to serve requests, it is able to serve a large number of requests with fewer system resources than a process-based server. However, it retains much of the stability of a process-based server by keeping multiple processes available, each with many threads. The most important directives used to control this MPM are ThreadsPerChild, which controls the number of threads deployed by each child process and MaxClients, which controls the maximum total number of threads that may be launched Prefork :- This Multi-Processing Module (MPM) implements a non-threaded, pre-forking web server that handles requests in a manner similar to Apache 1.3. It is appropriate for sites that need to avoid threading for compatibility with non-threadsafe libraries. It is also the best MPM for isolating each request, so that a problem with a single request will not affect any other. This MPM is very self-regulating, so it is rarely necessary to adjust its configuration directives. Most important is that MaxClients be big enough to handle as many simultaneous requests as you expect to receive, but small enough to assure that there is enough physical RAM for all processes.

Q13 Write a Rewrite rule to redirect (www).abc.com/request.php to www.abc.com/request1.php Ans RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^abc.com$ [NC,OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.abc.com$ [NC] RewriteRule ^/request.php$ http://www.abc.com/request1.php [L] Q14 How many connections apache server can handle Ans This completely depends on our server configuration mainly on RAM Max no. of connections = (Total Memory - Memory Used By System For Its use) / average single apache process size* *Average Single Apache Process Size : Can be find using "top" command or "ps -ylC httpd --sort rss"

To be continued....

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Posted by Manoj Kumar at 1:11 AM No comments:

THURSDAY, DECEMBER 1, 2011

HTTP Status Codes

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes
Posted by Manoj Kumar at 10:58 AM No comments:

TUESDAY, MARCH 29, 2011

Install Apache module without re-installation with APXS

In case we have installed Apache using source code and we would like to install one of its modules called mod_rewrite or whatever. Then we need to do the following to install module without re-installing Apache:

cd apache-source-code cd modules/mappers /path/to/apache2/bin/apxs -iac mod_rewrite.c

Add following to httpd.conf file:

LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so

Then Restart Apache, thats it!!!

Posted by Manoj Kumar at 12:18 AM No comments:

TUESDAY, MARCH 15, 2011

Apache Virtual Hosting

What is Apache Virtual Hosting? When setting up more then One Host/Site over Single Server, this is called Virtual Hosting. Virtual Hosting can be of 2 type's: 1) Name Based Virtual Hosting 2) IP Based Virtual Hosting 1) Name Based Virtual Hosting : Running multiple virtual hosts over a Single IP is called Name Based Virtual Hosting. 2) IP Based Virtual Hosting : When a Server is having multiple IP's and per IP is having it's own Virtual Host is called IP Based Virtual Hosting.

How to Setup Name Based Virtual Hosting and IP Based Virtual Hosting? Name Based Virtual Host : edit /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf Listen 192.168.1.1:80

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NameVirtualHost 192.168..1.1:80 VirtualHost 192.168..1.1:80 ServerName localhost ServerAlias localhost.localdomain DocumentRoot /var/www/html Directory /var/www/html AllowOverride None Options -Indexes -FollowSymLinks Order allow, deny Allow from All /Directory CustomLog logs/localhost_access.log common ErrorLog logs/localhost_error.log /VirtualHost

VirtualHost 192.168..1.1:80 ServerName fistsite.com ServerAlias www.firstsite.com DocumentRoot /var/www/html/firstsite Directory /var/www/html/firstsite AllowOverride None Options -Indexes -FollowSymLinks Order allow, deny Allow from All /Directory CustomLog logs/firstsite_access.log common ErrorLog logs/firstsite_error.log /VirtualHost -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------IP Based Virtual Host:

edit /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf Listen 192.168.1.1:80 Listen 192.168.1.2:80

VirtualHost 192.168..1.1:80 ServerName localhost ServerAlias localhost.localdomain DocumentRoot /var/www/html Directory /var/www/html AllowOverride None Options -Indexes -FollowSymLinks Order allow, deny Allow from All /Directory CustomLog logs/localhost_access.log common ErrorLog logs/localhost_error.log /VirtualHost

VirtualHost 192.168..1.2:80 ServerName fistsite.com ServerAlias www.firstsite.com DocumentRoot /var/www/html/firstsite Directory /var/www/html/firstsite AllowOverride None Options -Indexes -FollowSymLinks Order allow, deny Allow from All /Directory CustomLog logs/firstsite_access.log common

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ErrorLog logs/firstsite_error.log /VirtualHost VirtualHost 192.168..1.3:80 ServerName second.com ServerAlias www.second.com DocumentRoot /var/www/html/second Directory /var/www/html/second AllowOverride None Options -Indexes -FollowSymLinks Order allow, deny Allow from All /Directory CustomLog logs/second_access.log common ErrorLog logs/second_error.log /VirtualHost ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Posted by Manoj Kumar at 2:41 AM 1 comment:

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