How does the human heart function?

Name: _____Amy_____________ Date: ________22/1/13___________

Introduction:
The purpose of this lab was to nd the measurements of the what the Pig Heart were. I found it interesting how different and similar the measurements were to the pig heart and the human heart, for instance depth was the same of both hearts but the height of the Aorta was 5.08cm for the Human Heart and 2cm for the Pig Heart. I found it challenging when we were dissecting the Pig Heart because I had never done it before and I would have liked some more trials. I also need to work on taking pictures as I couldnt identify anything in one of my pictures so I had to use one from another group. Research questions: The purpose of this experiment is to nd out how the human heart functions and how it is similar to and different from other mammalian hearts.

You will need to write some specic research questions here. You can write these ahead of time, or as you do your research. By the end, you should know: What a human heart looks like (have a labeled diagram) What the different measurements are for the human heart How the human heart functions, and how this function is similar to and different from other mammalian How human hearts are different from and similar to other mammalian hearts, especially pig hearts The procedures for dissecting a mammalian heart, especially a pig heart, though other mammalian hearts are similar The names of the different parts of the mammalian heart, both inside and out How can you get blood to travel faster without doing exercise.

A female human heart is 9 ounces and a male's heart is 10.5 ounces. A heart is the size of your st A good belly laugh can send 20% more blood owing through your entire body. List of different parts of the pigs heart: The Pulmonary veins and the vena cava are on the dorsal side, the pulmonary artery and the aorta are on the ventral side.There is theLeft ventricle, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, vena cava, coronary vein, coronary artery, semi- lunar valves,and the coronary artery. The pigs heart is similar to a human heart in many ways, such as the human heart on the left side pumps blood to the entire body, whereas the right side only pumps it to the lungs. It also has veins, artery, and blood vessels. Like human beings, the heart of a pig is four chambered. The top two chambers are known as atria (singular atrium) right and left atria, while the bottom two chambers are called ventricles, left and right ventricles. The inner surface of the heart is lined by a smooth tissue known as endocardium. The heart operates as a pumping organ, which pumps blood around the body with the pig and human heart.

Variables:
The independent variable is: (the one variable that you will change)

Type of heart

The dependent variable is: (The variable that you are investigating)

Function and measurement of the human heart

Control Variables
The factors that you keep the same, so that the experiment is a fair test. Try and list at least 5.

Factors to be controlled: 1Use the same equipment

Reason it needs to be controlled:

How it will be controlled:

Because we dont want to use By using the same equipment to many tools and make it confusing for ourselves.

2 Same pig heart

So we dont use one bigger pig By using the same pig heart heart than the other

3 Use the same method To make it easier for us to dis- By using the same method of disof dissecting a pigs heart sect a pigs heart secting a pigs heart

4 Units that will be used To make it easier to compare for measurement the measurements

By using the same units in the ruler

5 Parts of heart that will be measured

If you measure a human heart By using the same parts of the in length then you want to heart measure a pig heart in length and not weight, so you can compare it fairly.

Hypothesis:

What will happen to the dependent variable as the independent variable is changed?
I think they will be very similar in the inside because like human beings, the heart of a pig is four chambered. The top two chambers are known as atria (singular atrium) right and left atria, while the bottom two chambers are called ventricles, left and right ventricles. Why?

Because my research shows that they are similar.

What would that relationship look like? Try to sketch or illustrate this:
Human heart Same Human heart is bigger than a pig heart A human can send 20% more blood around its body Pig heart is smaller than a human heart A pig cannot send 20% more blood round its body Pig heart

Both four chambered The heart operates as a pumping organ, which pumps blood around the body

300

240

180

120

60

Weight

Depth

Length

Width

Purple: Human Heart Blue: Pig Heart Weight in grams

Materials:
List of materials needed here: Textbook or resource materials with labeled pictures or diagrams of the mammalian Heart Gloves Goggles One per pair for each person of: Preserved pig heart Dissecting tray Scalpel Scissors

Diagram One: Set-up of your materials for dissecting a pigs heart Method:

Pigs heart

Wash the Pig Heart Run water into the vena cava. Run water into the pulmonary veins. Run water into the pulmonary artery. First measure the pig heart in height, width, depth, and weight. Then remove the fat. Look for the coronary artery and the coronary vein. Feel the texture of the ventricle walls. Run water into the vena cava. Cut the ventricles from the bottom into halves. Cut away the ventral half. Cut away the front half of the auricles. Cut open the base of the pulmonary artery. Cut open the base of the aorta. Finally compare the pigs heart measurements to the human heart measurements.

Results:
Human Heart Weight (grams) Depth (cm) Size Width (cm) Height (cm) Height of the Aorta (cm) Height of the Left Atrium (mm) Height for the Left Ventricle (mm) 255 grams to 298 grams 6 cm 8-9 cm 12 cm Pig Heart 371.90 grams 6 cm 7-8 cm 14 cm

5.08 cm

2cm

Measurements: What other parts of the heart will you measure?

2.4 cm

1cm

5 cm

2cm

Exterior Diagram

Interior Diagram

Anything else you need to add that I havent included?

The Pigs Heart was rather hard to cut, and there were a lot of blood clots. We werent quite certain that we dissected the heart correctly so our results may not be right.

Graph 1: Measurements of the different parts of pig and human heart

400

320

240

160

80

Weight

Purple= Human Heart Blue= Pig Heart

15

12

Depth

Height

Height of LV

Height of LA

Aorta Height

Width

Purple= Human Heart Blue= Pigs Heart

Conclusion:

The Human Heart was similar in Depth (6cm) but apart from that it was very different such as, the height for the human heart was 12cm and the pigs heart was 14. Although we may have got our results wrong as we werent quite certain on where to cut in the pig heart for the dissection. I also wasnt quite sure on how to measure a three dimensional object in height as it was circular.
My hypothesis was very different to the actual results as we may

have done the dissection wrong.

Evaluation:
Table 2: Validity of the method (Was the investigation a Fair Test?) If you were not able to control any of the control variables you listed above, how did any change in that variable affect your data?
Control variable What affect did this Degree of impact Improvement (how to x that was not have when compar- (small, medium or the problem): controlled: ing the independlarge): ent and dependent variables? It made us confused in Medium We kept on looking through Units of Heart
results table as we werent quite sure what are actual results were. 2 3 our history and found it.

Table 3: Reliability of the method: Were there enough trials?

 Did multiple trials give similar data? Are there anomalous points?

The measuring instruments. a) Did the measuring instruments collect data that can be trusted? Yes For me I dont think that we did enough trials as I had never seen a pig heart before let alone dissected it before. The ruler was reliable because I have used it before, the scales were reliable because I saw other groups using them and I saw Mr Mckinney set it up.

b) Was the experiment repeated enough times? No

c) Did the measuring instrument collect precise data? (i.e. Did the multiple trials give similar data?) Yes

I thought that the measuring instrument did collect precise data even thought we did get one of our results wrong but that was just due to our math.

Size of sample. d) was the range large enough?

There was not enough range beacuse I hadnt done it before and I wasnt quite certain on what to do.

No

Were there any surprising results? What were they?

I found there were a lot of surprising results, as I wasnt expecting it to be so different. From looking at my results, it showed that most of them were the same. We also didnt do a very good photos, so we asked Georgia if she could send us one of her photos, as we couldnt recognize were to label our pig heart. Reference List:

Holly Farrall Bianca Delon Georgia Williams "How Your Heart Works." HowStuffWorks. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2013. "The Human Heart." The Human Heart. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2013. Magazine, Stephanie WatsonWebMD The. "Five Amazing Facts About the Human Heart." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2013. "Pig Heart Dissection." YouTube. YouTube, 20 Feb. 2009. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. "PIG HEART!!!!!!!" YouTube. YouTube, 12 May 2009. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. "Pig's Heart Poster." Pig's Heart Poster. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2013.