2012 Interational Conference on Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies [ICCEET]

Design and Simulation of Single Phase Z-Source

Buck Boost Matrix Converter
S.PshunIh,
PO Student, EEE Dept,
Mepco Schlenk Engineering College,
Sivakasi, India
nisha.satha@gmail.com
.O8/rdc/This paper proposes a design of single phase z-source
buck boost matrix converter. The proposed converter can buck
and boost the input voltage to the desired output level. And also
the converter can step up or step down the frequency at the
output. This proposed converter employs a safe commutation to
establish a continuous current path, which reduces the voltage
spikes on the switches without a snubber circuit. Compared to
the traditional ac-ac converter which is a two stage converter
with a large energy storage dc link capacitor, the proposed
converter is a single stage converter which provides a wide range
of ac output voltage with buck and boost function and it offers
inherent bidirectional power fow. The proposed converter is
simulated using MA TLAB package and found to provide the
source current THD less than " and improve the input power
factor to more than .V.
Keyords- singIe phase matrb convener, z-source network,
I-Linput[her
. 1KOLL1
For AC-AC conversion, the conventional topologies are ac
voltage controller, cycloconverter and indirect ac-ac converter
with a dc link. The AC voltage controller can convert the fxed
alterating voltage to the variable alterating voltage without a
change in fequency. The main drawback of ac voltage
controller is we can't change the fequency. The cycloconverter
converts the input power at one fequency to output power at
different fequency. The main drawback of cycloconverter is it
doesn't have the property of bidirectional power fow. The
indirect ac-ac converter is a two stage converter. It consists of
rectifer and inverter with a large energy storage capacitor. The
main drawback of indirect ac-ac converter is the energy storage
capacitor increases size and cost of the converter. The
efciency is also reduced by using this converter.
A matrix converter is an ac-ac converter that can directly
convert an ac power supply voltage into an ac voltage of
variable amplitude and fequency without a large energy
storage element [1]. It has the following advantages such as
bidirectional power fow, size reduction, longer life time and
sinusoidal input and output current. It is a simple and compact
converter and four quadrant operations is also possible [1]- [5].
The main drawback of matrix converter is output voltage is
limited to 87% of input voltage and it is not possible to tum on
both bidirectional switches of single phase leg at the same time.
978-1-4673-0210-4112/$31.00 2012 IEEE 186
Lr.P.SOnIh! umur,
Professor, EEE Dept,
Mepco Schlenk Engineering College
Sivakasi, India
nsk_vnr @yahoo.com
Otherwise it will generate the current spikes on the switches
which will destroy the switches [6].
The above limitations can be overcome by using the z
source network.The possible conversion by z-source network
are dc to ac, ac to dc, ac to ac and dc to dc conversion[7]. It has
a unique LC network to couple the converter main circuit to the
power source. The z-source converter mainly applies to the
place where only voltage regulation is required. The z-source
converter can produce any desired output voltage by
controlling the shoot-through duty cycle [8]. The z-source
converter has the advantages such as it provides the buck boost
fnction by one stage conversion, reducing the inrush current
and it is immune to EMI noise and misgating, low common
mode noise and output voltage is fee fom voltage distortion
[9].
Matrix converter can provide ac to ac power conversion
with the variable fequency with step up and step down mode.
And also it provides the variable output voltage only in buck
mode. The z-source network can provide the voltage regulation
with a buck boost fnction.
This paper deals with the design of single phase z-source
buck boost matrix converter so as to provide a wide range of
output voltage in buck and boost mode with step up and step
down frequency. The designed converter was simulated using
MA TLAB simulink.
II. BIDIRECTIONAL SWITCH
The single phase matrix converter requires 4 bidirectional
switches for its operation. Because of the non-availability of
bidirectional switch, we can construct the bidirectional
switches with the combination of diodes and IOBT's. The
combination of switches is of the following types.
. Diode Bridge Bidirectional Switch Cell
Fig 1. Diode Bridge Bidirectional Switch Cell
2012 Interational Conference on Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies [ICCEET]
Fig (1) shows the diode bridge bidirectional switch cell
confguration. It consists of center IGBT and single phase
diode bridge.In this arrangement, curent fow in both
directions is determined by the switching device IGBT. But the
problem with this arrangement is high switching loss.
B. Common Collector Bidirectional Switch Conguration
Fig 2. Common Collector Bidirectional Switch
Confguration
Fig (2) shows the common collector confguration
arrangement. It consists of two diodes and two IGBT's
connected in anti parallel. But the main problem with this
arangement is it requires stray inductance should be minimum.
L Common Emitter Bidirectional Switch Conguration
Fig 3. Comon Emitter Bidirectional Switch Confguration
Fig (3) shows the common emitter confguration
arrangement. It also consists of two diodes and two IGBT's
connected in anti parallel. The diodes provide the reverse
blocking capability. Using this arrangement conduction loss is
reduced. So generally common emitter confguration (CEBS)
is used.
III. PROPOSED TOPOLOGY
Fig (4) shows the block diagram of proposed single phase
z-source buck boost matrix converter. It consists of an LC
input flter, z-source network, single phase matrix converter
and load.
Fig. 4. Block Diagram of Proposed Converter
The LC input flter is used to reduce the ripples in the input
side current. The z-source network is used to provide a large
range of output voltage with buck boost fnction. The z-source
network consists of combination of two inductors and two
capacitors. This z-source network provides the shoot through
state. This shoot through period controls the buck boost
187
function of the proposed converter. Shoot through period is
nothing but turing on the switches on the same leg of the
matrix converter is tured on. This shoot through period only
deterined the duty cycle for the proposed converter. During
the shoot through period the z-source network is short cicuited
and hence there is no output voltage across the load. The
switch CEBS S (SSA" SSB) is used as a driver switch for the
proposed converter. During the feewheeling period the driver
switches are opened and hence the source is short circuited.
Fig 5. Circuit diagram of proposed converter
Fig (5) shows the circuit diagram of the proposed converter.
The single phase matrix converter is used to step up or step
down the output fequency. It is array of controlled
semiconductor switches and it is a forced commutated
converter. It consists of four bidirectional switches. It has the
capability to block the voltage and conduct curent in both
directions. Here common emitter confguration arrangement is
used for the bidirectional switch cell. The IGBT's are used
because of its high switching capability and its high current
carying capacity. The circuit uses two control parameters
which are given below.
_
!

Duty cycle,
!
!

Modulation Index, M=-

!
To =Shoot through period
Ton= On period of matrix converter
T = Switching period
(1)
(2)
The amplitude of the output voltage depends on the duty
cycle and the modulation index. The fequency of the outut
voltage depends on the switching strategy.
I
V. SWITCHING STRATEGY
The entire operation is explained in four modes as given in
Table 1. Each mode contains either two or three states. If the
modulation index is greater than the duty cycle then it has three
states. The three states are on period of the matrix converter,
shoot through period and the feewheeling period. If the
modulation index is less than or equal to the duty cycle then it
has two states. The two states are on period and the shoot
through period. But for the constant fequency only two modes
2012 Interational Conference on Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies [ICCEET]
of operation is possible(mode 1 and mode 4). For the step
down fequency, the modes 2 and 3 of step up fequency is
interchanged and the modes 1 and 4 remains same and the time
interval is doubled.
OUTPUT SWITCHES ON
FREQUEN- MODE
CY
STATE STATE STATE
Z
S
SA,
S
IA,
S
SA,
S
IA,
S
3B,
S
4A
S
4A
S
3A
Z S
SA,
S
2A,
S
SA,
S
2A,
S
3A,
S
4B
STEP UP S
3A
S
4A
FREQUEN-
S
SB,
S
2B,
S
SB,
S
IB,
S
IA,
S
2B
CY S
3B
S
3B
+ S
SB'
S
4B,
S
SB,
S
2B'
S
IB,
S
2A
S
IB
S
4B
S
SA,
S
IA,
S
SA,
S
IA,
S
3B,
S
4A
S
4A
S
3A
STEP DOWN Z S
SB,
S
2B,
S
SB,
S
IB,
S
IA,
S
2B
FREQUEN- S
3B
S
3B
CY
S
SA,
S
2A,
S
SA,
S
2A,
S
3A,
S
4B
S
3A
S
4A
+ S
SB'
S
4B'
S
SB,
S
2B,
S
IB,
S
2A
S
IB
S
4B
CONSTANT S
SA,
S
IA,
S
SA,
S
IA,
S
3B'
S
4A
FREQUEN- S
4A
S
3A
CY + S
SB,
S
4B,
S
SB,
S
2B,
S
IB,
S
2A
S
IB
S
4B
Table 1. sequence of switching
In table 1, state 1 refers to the on period of the matrix
converter, state 2 refers to the shoot through period and state 3
refers to the feewheeling period. During the feewheeling
period the source is short circuited.
V
. CIRCUIT EQUATION
The basic assumption for this proposed converter is value
of the inductors and capacitors of the z-source network are
same and hence the z-source network becomes symmetrical.
(3)
The voltage across the inductor and the capacitor of z
source network are
V
L1
=
V
L2=
V
L
; V
c!
=
V
C2=
V
C
(4)
During the on period of the matrix converter the source is
connected to the load. Then the voltage across the inductor and
the z-source network are
V
L
=
V
I

V
c
V
z=
V
c
V
L
From equation (5), (6) we get
V
z= 2
V
c
V
I
(5)
(6)
(7)
During the shoot through period switches on the same leg
of the matrix converter is tured on and thus the inductors and
capacitors in the z-source network are charged. During this
188
state the inductor voltage and the voltage across the z-source
network are
V
L
=
V
C
V
z= O
V
IN = 2
V
c
During steady state,
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
Then fom equation (5) and (7), substituting
V
L in the
above equation we get
_

'/\
U
(12)
The output voltage of load can be found fom the equation
given below
'

'/\
o
U
V
I. SIMULA TION RESULTS
(13)
(14)
The simulation parameters of proposed single phase z-
source matrix converter are given below.

Supply voltage: VI(RS) = 40

V
, 50Hz;

Input flter: LI = 150mH; CI = 0.6fF;

Z-source network:LI=L2=IOOmH CI=C2=0.003fF

Switching fequency: 1 kHz;

Load: R=IOOO ohms;

The following simulated results are shown for the
modulation index M=0.5.Figs 6a-6b show the simulation
results for the proposed converter in buck mode with d=0.3 at
the constant output frequency (f=50Hz). Figs 7a-7b show the
simulation results for the proposed converter in boost mode
with d=0.5 at the constant output fequency (f=50Hz). Figs 8a-
8b show the simulation results for the proposed converter in
buck mode with d=O.1 at the step up output fequency
(f=IOOHz). Figs 9a-9b show the simulation results for the
proposed converter in boost mode with d=0.7 at the step up
output fequency (f=IOOHz). Figs lOa-lOb show the simulation
results for the proposed converer in buck mode with d=O.2 at
the step down output fequency (f=25Hz). Figs l1a-llb show
the simulation results for the proposed converter in buck mode
with d=0.6 at the step down output fequency (f=25Hz). Fig 12
shows the relationship between the duty cycle and the output
voltage. Table 2 shows the performance analysis of the
proposed single phase Z-source buck boost matrix converter.
The THD value for the traditional ac voltage controller is more
than 60%. When compared to the traditional converter the
proposed converter has lesser THD value, which is below 30%.
2012 Interational Conference on Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies [ICCEET]
WTW
U
OW
Q

OW
z 0 M zm 0 M z 0 M w at
m
Fig 6a. Simulation waveforms of input voltage and input
current with d=0.3 in buck mode at f=50Hz
OI3I
M M L 0W W W M I
m
Fig 6b. Simulation waveforms of output voltage and output
current with d=O.3 in buck mode at f=50Hz
189
T
W
W

\ .. \

J
\ . .

; . .... j-
. .

Mf
a1
M

E
MfOI

,
`


Fig 7a. Simulation waveforms of input voltage and input
curent with d=0.5 in boost mode at f=50Hz
OJIW TM
P
W
W

U1WIOI
8
0
O It
z z t

Fig 7b. Simulation waveforms of output voltage and output

curent with d=0.5 in boost mode at f=50Hz
2012 Interational Conference on Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies [ICCEET]

0
W
0
m
NWW
NW1OM
4_
W
Fig 8a. Simulation waveforms of input voltage and input
curent with d=O.l in buck mode at f=lOOHz
MM

UW1L1

w
0

W W W W 0 0

Fig 8b. Simulation waveforms of output voltage and output

curent with d=O.1 in buck mode at f=1 OOHz
190
WON

..
J
0
Bl
4l

0 W M W W W M 0N 0 W I

Fig 9a. Simulation waveforms of input voltage and input

curent with d=0.7 at f=lOOHz
WW

W
T
3
T
T

~~
W 1

G
" ",
3
W W W W W
Wz
Fig 9b. Simulation waveforms of output voltage and output
curent with d=0.7 in boost mode at f=lOOHz
2012 Interational Conference on Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies [ICCEET]
IHfDNf
Fig lOa. Simulation waveforms of input voltage and input
curent with d=O.2 in buck mode at f=25Hz
W1WL1Nt
0UIDf
Fig lOb. Simulation waveforms of output voltage and output
curent with d=O.2 in buck mode at f=25Hz
191
B
&b
WW
MIOf
Fig lla. Simulation waveforms of output voltage and output
curent with d=0.6 in boost mode at f=25Hz
dfHIVfN
0 0 M 0W 0M 0R w 0 1
W
Fig lIb. Simulation waveforms of output voltage and output
current with d=0.6 in boost mode at f=25Hz
2012 Interational Conference on Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies [ICCEET]

O
D
E

U
C
W

L
L
S
T
::a
:aa

0
C

sa
L
^
|
a ~

..
a

:a
a
a a : a a J.b i
1LL
Fig 12. Relationship between Duty Cycle and Output
Voltage
DUTY OUTPUT Y-xs, SOURCE lNPUT
CYCLE FREQUENCY (Y) CURRENT POWER
(Hz) THD FACTOR
0.1 100 26.17 27.29 0.9679
0.2 25 26.25 23.04 0.9739
0.3 50 36.27 . 0.9986
0.5 50 58.92 21.22 0.996
0.6 25 64.89 22.97 0.9917
0.7 100 71.73 25.01 0.9854
Table 2. Perforance AnalysIs
VII. CONCLUSION
The proposed single phase z-source buck boost matrix
converter produces the output voltage in buck boost manner
along with a change in fequency. And also the proposed
converter has the main advantage that it provides the source
curent THO less than 30% and the input power factor more
than 0.95 when compared to the traditional matrix converter
which provides the source current THO geater than 50% and
the input power factor less than 0.9.The converter provides a
continuous current path which eliminates the voltage spikes on
the switches without a snubber circuit. The proposed converter
is used in the industrial applications that require step changed
fequencies and variable voltage amplitudes. This converter is
mainly used in speed control of an induction motor.
192
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