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Ragupathy, U.S.; Kumar, A.S.; , "Investigation on mammographic image compression and analysis using multiwavelets and neural network," Biomedical Engineering (ICoBE), 2012 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.17-21, 27-28 Feb. 2012 doi: 10.1109/ICoBE.2012.6178947 Abstract: In digital mammography, the resulting electronic image is very large in size. Hence, the size poses a big challenge to the transmission, storage and manipulation of images. Microcalcification is one of the earliest sign of breast cancer and it appears in small size, low contrast radiopacites in high frequency spectrum of mammographic image. Scalar wavelets excel multiwavelets in terms of Peak Signal - to Noise Ratio (PSNR), but fail to capture high frequency information. Multiwavelet preserves high frequency information. This paper proposes multiwavelet based mammographic image compression, and microcalcification analysis in compressed reconstructed images against original images using multiwavelets and neural networks. For a set of four mammography images, the proposed balanced multiwavelet based compression method achieves an average PSNR of 9.064 dB greater than the existing compression scheme. It also details the classification results obtained through the multiwavelet based scheme in comparison with the existing scalar wavelet based scheme. For a testing sample of 30 images, the proposed classification scheme outperforms the scalar wavelet based classification by sensitivity of 2.23% and specificity of 3.4% for original (uncompressed) images. Also it increases the sensitivity by 2.72% and specificity by 8.4% for compressed reconstructed images. This increase in sensitivity and specificity reveals a better performance of the proposed detection scheme. keywords: {Feature extraction;Hospitals;Image coding;Image reconstruction;Neurons;PSNR;Wavelet transforms;data compression;image coding;image reconstruction;mammography;medical image processing;neural nets;neurophysiology;visual communication;breast cancer;contrast radiopacites;electronic image;high frequency spectrum;image manipulation;image reconstruction;image storage;image transmission;mammographic image compression analysis;microcalcification;multiwavelet network;neural network;peak signal-to-noise ratio;wavelets excel multiwavelets;Image Compression;Mammography;Microcalcification;Multiwavelet;Neural Network;} URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6178947&isnumber=6178945 Mustra, M.; Grgic, M.; Delac, K.; , "Enhancement of microcalcifications in digital mammograms," Systems, Signals and Image Processing (IWSSIP), 2012 19th International Conference on , vol., no., pp.248251, 11-13 April 2012 Abstract: Microcalcifications are an important early sign of breast cancer development. Because of that computer aided detection systems (CADe) for detection of microcalcifications can be very useful and helpful for breast cancer control. In order to perform detection and classification of microcalcifications it is necessary to achieve accurate detection. To be able to perform accurate detection it is necessary to remove background influence. In this paper we propose a method for contrast enhancement of microcalcifications. The proposed method improves microcalcifications' contrast solely, while background is being suppressed. For background suppression we use combination of wavelet filtering and grayscale morphology. The results of the proposed method are significant improvement in background suppression and contrast enhancement of microcalcifications. keywords: {Approximation methods;Discrete wavelet transforms;Filtering;Gray-scale;Morphology;biological organs;cancer;computer aided analysis;gynaecology;mammography;medical computing;breast cancer control;computer aided detection systems;digital mammograms;grayscale morphology;microcalcification detection;wavelet filtering;Computer Aided Detection;Digital Mammograms;Microcalcifications;} URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6208120&isnumber=6208076 Lakshmanan, R.; Thomas, V.; , "Enhancement of Microcalcification Features Using Morphology and Contourlet Transform," Advances in Computing and Communications (ICACC), 2012 International
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Conference on , vol., no., pp.14-17, 9-11 Aug. 2012 doi: 10.1109/ICACC.2012.4 Abstract: The proposed method utilizes morphology and contourlet transform for early detection of breast cancer by enhancing micro calcification features. This CAD technique helps the radiologists in reaching a better assessment. The significant edge information indicating the relevant features in various decomposition levels were preserved while removing the artifacts. Target to background contrast ratio, Contrast and Peak Signal to Noise ratio are considered for performance evaluation of the enhancement algorithm. The miniMIAS mammographic database was employed for testing the accuracy of the proposed method and the results were promising. keywords: {Breast cancer;Filter banks;Image edge detection;Image resolution;Morphology;Wavelet transforms;biological organs;cancer;decomposition;image enhancement;mammography;medical image processing;object detection;radiology;wavelet transforms;CAD technique;contourlet transform;decomposition levels;early breast cancer detection;edge information;enhancement algorithm;microcalcification features;miniMIAS mammographic database;peak signal to noise ratio;radiologists;target-to-background contrast ratio;contourlet transform;mammogram;microcalcification;morphology;} URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6305544&isnumber=6305512 Balakumaran, T.; Vennila, I.; , "Detection of microcalcification clusters in digital mammograms using Multiresolution based foveal algorithm," Information and Communication Technologies (WICT), 2011 World Congress on , vol., no., pp.657-660, 11-14 Dec. 2011 doi: 10.1109/WICT.2011.6141323 Abstract: Mammography is the most used diagnostic technique for breast cancer. Microcalcification clusters are the early sign of breast cancer and their early detection is a key to increase the survival rate of women. The appearance of microcalcification clusters in mammogram as small localized granular points, which is difficult to identify by radiologists because of its tiny size. An efficient method to improve diagnostic accuracy in digitized mammograms is the use of Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system. This paper presents Multiresolution based foveal algorithm for microcalcification detection in mammograms. The detection of microcalcifications is achieved by decomposing the mammogram by wavelet transform without sampling operator into different sub-bands, suppressing the coarsest approximation subband, and finally reconstructing the mammogram from the subbands containing only significant detail information. The significant details are obtained by foveal concepts. Experimental results show that the proposed method is better in detecting the microcalcification clusters than other wavelet decomposition methods. keywords: {Algorithm design and analysis;Breast cancer;Clustering algorithms;Feature extraction;Image reconstruction;Wavelet transforms;cancer;image resolution;mammography;medical image processing;object detection;wavelet transforms;breast cancer;computer aided diagnosis system;diagnostic technique;digital mammograms;mammography;microcalcification cluster detection;multiresolution based foveal algorithm;survival rate;wavelet decomposition methods;wavelet transform;Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD);Microcalcification detection;foveal algorithm;skewness and kurtosis;} URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6141323&isnumber=6141189 Huddin, A.B.; Ng, B.W.; Abbott, D.; , "Investigation of multiorientation and multiresolution features for microcalcifications classification in mammograms," Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP), 2011 Seventh International Conference on , vol., no., pp.52-57, 6-9 Dec. 2011 doi: 10.1109/ISSNIP.2011.6146615 Abstract: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. One of the early signs of the disease is the appearance of microcalcifications clusters, which often show up as bright spots in mammograms. It is important to be able to distinguish between the shapes of these clusters to increase the reliability and accuracy of the diagnosis. In this paper, a new method to extract features to classify the microcalcification clusters using steerable pyramid decomposition is presented. The method is motivated by
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the fact that microcalcification clusters can be of arbitrary sizes and orientations. Thus, it is important to extract the features in all possible orientations to capture most of the distinguishing information for classification. The proposed method shows a clear improvement in the classification performance when compared to the wavelet transform; the most commonly used multiscale analysis technique at present. keywords: {Cancer;Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions;Entropy;Feature extraction;Image resolution;Wavelet transforms;X-ray imaging;cancer;feature extraction;image classification;mammography;medical image processing;breast cancer;classification performance;feature extraction;mammogram bright spots;mammogram microcalcification classification;microcalcification cluster shape;microcalcification multiorientation features;microcalcification multiresolution features;steerable pyramid decomposition;} URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6146615&isnumber=6146511 Sharkas, M.; Al-Sharkawy, M.; Ragab, D.A.; , "Detection of Microcalcifications in Mammograms Using Support Vector Machine," Computer Modeling and Simulation (EMS), 2011 Fifth UKSim European Symposium on , vol., no., pp.179-184, 16-18 Nov. 2011 doi: 10.1109/EMS.2011.23 Abstract: For years cancer has been one of the biggest threats to human life, it is expected to become the leading cause of death over the next few decades. Early detection of breast cancer can play an important role in reducing the associated morbidity and mortality rates. Clusters of micro calcifications (MC) in the mammograms are an important early sign of breast cancer. Mammography is currently the most sensitive method to detect early breast cancer. Manual readings of mammograms may result in misdiagnosis due to human errors caused by visual fatigue. Computer aided detection systems (CAD) serve as a second opinion for radiologists. A new CAD system for the detection of MCs in mammograms is proposed. The discrete wavelet transforms (DWT), the contour let transform, and the principal component analysis (PCA) are used for feature extraction, while the support vector machine (SVM) is used for classification. The best classification rate was achieved using the DWT features. The system classifies normal and tumor tissues in addition to benign and malignant tumors. The classification rate was 100%. keywords: {Cancer;Discrete wavelet transforms;Feature extraction;Principal component analysis;Support vector machines;cancer;discrete wavelet transforms;feature extraction;mammography;medical image processing;object detection;principal component analysis;support vector machines;CAD system;DWT;PCA;SVM;breast cancer;computer aided detection system;contourlet transform;discrete wavelet transform;feature extraction;mammogram;microcalcification detection;principal component analysis;support vector machine;The discrete wavelet transform;the contourlet transform;the principal component analysis;the support vector machine;} URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6131236&isnumber=6131184 Jiebo Huang; Junli Li; Tingting Liu; , "A new fast fractal coding method for the detection of microcalcifications in mammograms," Multimedia Technology (ICMT), 2011 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.4768-4771, 26-28 July 2011 doi: 10.1109/ICMT.2011.6002043 Abstract: Microcalcifications in mammograms can be considered as early signs of breast cancer. A new fast fractal image coding method for the detection of microcalcifications in the ROIs of mammograms is proposed in this paper. Sankar improved the conventional fractal image coding method, but not thoroughly enough. It is modified in the proposed method that both range and domain blocks are classified; two adaptive thresholds are presented which are used for the binaryzation before which the restored image is median filtered. According to this study, the proposed method, comparing with the Sankar's method, has higher detection speed and detection performance. keywords: {Breast cancer;Encoding;Fractals;Image coding;Image restoration;Wavelet transforms;cancer;fractals;image coding;image restoration;mammography;median filters;medical image processing;object detection;Sankar method;adaptive threshold;breast cancer;detection
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performance;detection speed;fractal image coding;image restoration;mammogram;median filter;microcalcification detection;fractal image encoding;mammogram;microcalcification;} URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6002043&isnumber=6001647 Dheeba, J.; Tamil Selvi, S.; , "Screening mammogram images for abnormalities using radial basis Function Neural Network," Communication Control and Computing Technologies (ICCCCT), 2010 IEEE International Conference on , vol., no., pp.554-559, 7-9 Oct. 2010 doi: 10.1109/ICCCCT.2010.5670778 Abstract: Intelligent Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) Systems can be used for detecting Microcalcification (MC) clusters in digital mammograms at the early stage. CAD systems help radiologists in identifying tumor patterns in an efficient and faster manner than other detection methods. In this paper, we propose a new approach for detecting tumors in mammograms using Radial Basis Function Networks (RBFNN). Prior to the detection of MC clusters features from the image are extracted and analyzed. Gabor features are extracted from the image Region of Interest (ROI) to distinguish a tumor cluster and a normal breast tissue. Once the features are extracted, they are given as input to the supervised RBFNN. The output neuron determines whether the given input ROI is cancer tissue or not. We have verified the algorithm with 322 mammograms in the Mammographic Image Analysis Society Database (MIAS). The results shows that the proposed algorithm has a sensitivity of 85.2%. keywords: {Breast;Cancer;Classification algorithms;Databases;Feature extraction;Gabor filters;Pixel;Gabor filters;cancer;feature extraction;mammography;medical image processing;radial basis function networks;Gabor features;MC clusters features;digital mammograms;intelligent computer aided diagnosis;mammographic image analysis society database;normal breast tissue;radial basis function neural network;Computer Aided Diagnosis;Gabor features;Integer wavelet transform (IWT);Mammograms;Microcalcification;Radial Basis Function Neural Network;} URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5670778&isnumber=5670438 Lashkari, A.; , "Full automatic micro calcification detection in mammogram images using artificial neural network and Gabor wavelets," Machine Vision and Image Processing (MVIP), 2010 6th Iranian , vol., no., pp.1-7, 27-28 Oct. 2010 doi: 10.1109/IranianMVIP.2010.5941183 Abstract: Nowadays, automatic defect detection in Breast images which obtains from mommogram is very important in many diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This paper introduces a Novel automatic breast abnormality detection method that uses mammogram images to determine any abnormality in breast tissues. Here, has been tried to give clear description from breast tissues using Gabor wavelets, Geometric Moment Invariants(GMIs), energy, entropy, contrast and some other statistic features such as mean, median, variance, correlation, values of maximum and minimum intensity. It is used from a feature selection method to reduce the feature space too. This method uses from neural network to do this classification. The purpose of this project is to classify the breast tissues to normal and abnormal classes automatically, that saves the radiologist time, increases accuracy and yield of diagnosis. keywords: {Artificial neural networks;Breast;Cancer;Feature extraction;Pixel;Tumors;Wavelet transforms;mammography;medical image processing;neural nets;wavelet transforms;Gabor wavelets;artificial neural network;automatic breast abnormality detection a method;automatic defect detection;breast images;breast tissues;correlation;diagnostic applications;energy;entropy;feature selection method;full automatic microcalcification detection;geometric moment invariants;mammogram images;maximum intensity;minimum intensity;statistic features;therapeutic applications;Artificial neural network;Feature extraction;Gabor wavelets;Geometric moment invariants;Kernel F-score feature selection;Mammogram;Microcalcification;Segmentation;Tumor detection;} URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5941183&isnumber=5941128
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Yiming Ma; Tay, P.C.; Adams, R.D.; Zhang, J.Z.; , "A novel shape feature to classify microcalcifications," Image Processing (ICIP), 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on , vol., no., pp.2265-2268, 2629 Sept. 2010 doi: 10.1109/ICIP.2010.5651810 Abstract: The cited references claim that microcalcifications from many benign regions are all round or oval. The detection of at least one roughly shaped microcalcification in a suspicious region could be an early sign of potentially developing malignant cancer. This paper proposes a shape analysis method to aid radiologists in classifying regions of interest that are difficult to diagnosis. A region growing and a gradient vector flow methods are used to obtain an ordered set of contour points of each microcalcification. A three level wavelet transform frequency analysis provides a band pass approximation of the normalized distance signature. A novel metric derived from the normalized distance signature is proposed to quantify the roughness of a microcalcification. An experiment using a large dataset is used to evaluate the robustness of the proposed roughness metric against several published shape features. keywords: {Approximation methods;Breast cancer;Delta-sigma modulation;Measurement;Shape;Wavelet analysis;image classification;shape recognition;wavelet transforms;gradient vector flow methods;microcalcification;normalized distance signature;radiologist;region growing;shape analysis method;shape feature;wavelet transform frequency analysis;cancer;shape measurement;} URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5651810&isnumber=5648792 Tay, P.C.; Yiming Ma; , "A novel microcalcification shape metric to classify regions of interests," Image Analysis & Interpretation (SSIAI), 2010 IEEE Southwest Symposium on , vol., no., pp.201-204, 23-25 May 2010 doi: 10.1109/SSIAI.2010.5483882 Abstract: This paper proposes a microcalcification shape feature to aid in classifying regions of interest that are difficult to diagnosis. The proposed feature extraction method is based on a wavelet approximation of a microcalcification's contour distance sequence, which is the Euclidean distance of each contour point to the centroid. A novel metric is proposed to quantify the roughness of a microcalcification. Experimental results from evaluations that include several published features are presented to establish the robustness of the proposed roughness feature. keywords: {Band pass filters;Breast cancer;Equations;Feature extraction;Filter bank;Filtering;Frequency;Mammography;Robustness;Shape;biological organs;cancer;feature extraction;gynaecology;medical image processing;wavelet transforms;Euclidean distance;breast cancers;clustered regions;feature extraction method;microcalcification contour distance sequence;microcalcification shape;pleomorphic regions;regions-of-interests classification;wavelet approximation;} URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5483882&isnumber=5483873 Tirtajaya, A.; Santika, D.D.; , "Classification of Microcalcification Using Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform and Support Vector Machine," Advances in Computing, Control and Telecommunication Technologies (ACT), 2010 Second International Conference on , vol., no., pp.164-166, 2-3 Dec. 2010 doi: 10.1109/ACT.2010.52 Abstract: Breast cancer is reported to be the second deadliest cancer among cancerous woman. Statistics show that the case of breast cancer in the world is increasing every year. By analyzing a mammogram, pathologists could detect the presence of micro calcification in ones breast. However, micro calcification could be classified into benign and malignant. The later indicates the presence of cancer. Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CADx) designed to help phatologists determine the type of micro calcification in a mammogram. Usually, it's consist of two steps, feature extraction and classification. In our methodology, we proposed the use of dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DT CWT) as feature extraction technique and support vector machine (SVM) as classifier. Using this methodology, our experimental result achieved good classification
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accuracy. However, some of the previous researches have shown better results than ours. keywords: {Accuracy;Cancer;Continuous wavelet transforms;Feature extraction;Support vector machines;cancer;feature extraction;image classification;mammography;medical image processing;patient diagnosis;support vector machines;wavelet transforms;breast cancer;computer aided diagnosis;dual tree complex wavelet transform;feature extraction;mammogram;microcalcification classification;pathologist;support vector machine;computer-aided diagnosis;dual-tree complex wavelet transform;mammogram;microcalcification classification;support vector machine;} URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5675817&isnumber=5675795 Harirchi, F.; Radparvar, P.; Moghaddam, H.A.; Dehghan, F.; Giti, M.; , "Two-Level Algorithm for MCs Detection in Mammograms Using Diverse-Adaboost-SVM," Pattern Recognition (ICPR), 2010 20th International Conference on , vol., no., pp.269-272, 23-26 Aug. 2010 doi: 10.1109/ICPR.2010.75 Abstract: Clustered micro calcifications (MCs) are one of the early signs of breast cancer. In this paper, we propose a new computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system for automatic detection of MCs in two steps. First, pixels corresponding to potential micro calcifications are found using a multilayer feed-forward neural network. The input of this network consists of 4 wavelet and 2 gray-level features. The output of the network is then transformed to potential micro calcification objects using spatial 4-point connectivity. Second, we extract 25 features from the potential MC objects and use Diverse Adaboost SVM (DA-SVM) and 3 other classifiers to detect individual MCs. A free-response operating characteristics (FROC) curve issued to evaluate the performance of the CAD system. The 90.44% mean TP detection rate is achieved at the cost of 1.043 FP per image by using DA-SVM shows a quite satisfactory detection performance of CAD system. keywords: {Artificial neural networks;Classification algorithms;Design automation;Feature extraction;Pixel;Support vector machines;Wavelet transforms;CAD;cancer;feature extraction;feedforward neural nets;learning (artificial intelligence);mammography;medical diagnostic computing;medical image processing;multilayer perceptrons;pattern clustering;support vector machines;CAD system;breast cancer;clustered microcalcifications;computer aided diagnosis system;diverse Adaboost SVM;feature extraction;free-response operating characteristics curve;gray level features;mammograms;multilayer feedforward neural network;satisfactory detection performance;wavelet features;Breast Cancer;Diverse Adaboost SVM;Mammogram;Microcalcification;} URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5597590&isnumber=5595735 Docusse, T.A.; Pereira, A.S.; Marranghello, N.; , "Microcalcification border characterization," Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, IEEE , vol.28, no.5, pp.41-43, September-October 2009 doi: 10.1109/MEMB.2009.934583 Abstract: Breast cancer is a disease that can be treated if detected in its early stages. Microcalcifications are high-frequency components on digital images. A transform that deals with frequency components can be used in trying to detect these objects on the breast image. We used the wavelet transform on the proposed work to detect these elements and to classify the nature of their borders, being smooth or rugged. keywords: {Breast neoplasms;Cancer;Frequency;Image analysis;Image reconstruction;Image resolution;Object detection;Pixel;Wavelet analysis;Wavelet transforms;biological organs;cancer;diagnostic radiography;image classification;mammography;medical image processing;object detection;tumours;wavelet transforms;breast cancer;digital image classification;digital mammogram;microcalcification border characterization;object detection;wavelet transform;Breast Neoplasms;Calcinosis;False Positive Reactions;Female;Humans;Mammography;Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted;} URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5254908&isnumber=5254893 Alolfe, M.A.; Mohamed, W.A.; Youssef, A.-B.M.; Kadah, Y.M.; Mohamed, A.S.; , "Feature selection in computer aided diagnostic system for microcalcification detection in digital mammograms," Radio Science
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Conference, 2009. NRSC 2009. National , vol., no., pp.1-9, 17-19 March 2009 Abstract: In this paper an approach is proposed to develop a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system that can be very helpful for radiologist in diagnosing microcalcifications' patterns in digitized mammograms earlier and faster than typical screening programs and showed the efficiency of feature selection on the CAD system. The proposed method has been implemented in four stages: (a) the region of interest (ROI) selection of 32times32 pixels size which identifies clusters of microcalcifications, (b) the feature extraction stage is based on the wavelet decomposition of locally processed image (region of interest) to compute the important features of each cluster, (c) the feature selection stage, which select the most significant features to be used in next stage, and (d) the classification stage, which classify between normal and microcalcifications' patterns and then classify between benign and malignant microcalcifications. In classification stage, two methods were used, the voting K-nearest neighbor classifier, and support vector machine classifier. The proposed method was evaluated using the Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) mammographic databases. The proposed system was shown to have the large potential for microcalcifications detection in digital mammograms. keywords: {Biomedical engineering;Breast cancer;Cancer detection;Discrete wavelet transforms;Filters;Image edge detection;Neural networks;Statistical analysis;Support vector machine classification;Support vector machines;cancer;diagnostic radiography;feature extraction;image classification;mammography;medical image processing;support vector machines;tumours;wavelet transforms;CAD system;K-nearest neighbor classifier;Mammographic Image Analysis Society;computer aided diagnostic system;digital mammogram;feature extraction stage;feature selection;image processing;microcalcification cluster identification;microcalcification pattern classification;support vector machine classifier;wavelet decomposition;} URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5233466&isnumber=5233433 Ben Hamad, N.; Ellouze, M.; Bouhlel, M.S.; , "Wavelets investigation for computer aided detection of microcalcification in breast cancer," Multimedia Computing and Systems, 2009. ICMCS '09. International Conference on , vol., no., pp.547-552, 2-4 April 2009 doi: 10.1109/MMCS.2009.5256636 Abstract: Breast cancer can be diagnosed with an early training course by detecting the presence of microcalcifications in screening mammograms. 2D wavelet transform decomposition is widely used in computer aided detection of microcalcifications in mammograms. The aim of this work is to investigate the better type of wavelet and its optimal potential level of decomposition that gives us better detection. Our approach is divided into two phases. The first phase of our algorithm consists on multiresolution analysis based on 1D discrete wavelet transform over profiles of microcalcifications extracted from mammographic images. This analysis is carried out with several families of wavelets. The second phase of our algorithm is interested in the validation of the results of the first. In this stage, we apply 2D discrete wavelet transform in analysis and synthesis on screening mammograms extracted from the MIAS MiniMammographic database (Mammographic Image Analysis Society) in order to detect the microcalcifications. keywords: {Breast cancer;Cancer detection;Discrete wavelet transforms;Image analysis;Information analysis;Mammography;Multiresolution analysis;Telecommunication computing;Wavelet analysis;Wavelet transforms;biological organs;cancer;diagnostic radiography;discrete wavelet transforms;feature extraction;image reconstruction;image resolution;image segmentation;mammography;medical image processing;tumours;1D discrete wavelet transform;2D discrete wavelet transform decomposition;MIAS;Mammographic Image Analysis Society;breast cancer;computer aided detection;feature extraction;image reconstruction;image segmentation;mammogram;microcalcification;multiresolution analysis;Digital Mammograms;Discrete Wavelet Transform;MIAS;Microcalcification;Multiresolution analysis;} URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5256636&isnumber=5256625
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Mohanalin, J.; Kalra, P.K.; Kumar, N.; , "Tsallis Entropy Based Contrast Enhancement of Microcalcifications," Signal Acquisition and Processing, 2009. ICSAP 2009. International Conference on , vol., no., pp.3-7, 3-5 April 2009 doi: 10.1109/ICSAP.2009.17 Abstract: This paper presents a new approach to enhance the contrast of microcalcifications in mammograms using a fuzzy algorithm based on Tsallis entropy. In phase I image is fuzzified using S membership function. In Phase II using the non-uniformity factor calculated from local information the contrast of microcalcifications were enhanced while suppressing the background heavily. This is the first time in literature to propose an enhancement algorithm using Tsallis entropy. Tsallis entropy has an extra parameter q. We assume that grade of mammogram is related with q parameter. The values of q were calculated from the histogram. The proposed approach can be even suitable for dense mammograms. keywords: {Breast cancer;Councils;Discrete wavelet transforms;Entropy;Histograms;Image segmentation;Mammography;Medical services;Signal processing;Tellurium;cancer;diagnostic radiography;entropy;fuzzy logic;image enhancement;mammography;medical image processing;tumours;S membership function;Tsallis entropy;fuzzy algorithm;fuzzy logic;mammogram;microcalcification contrast enhancement;phase I image fuzzifiction;Fuzzy;Mammogram;Non-Extensive;Shannon entropy;Tsallis entropy;} URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5163814&isnumber=5163805 Wei Ping; Li Junli; Zhao Shanxu; Lu Dongming; Chen Gang; , "A Method of Detection Micro-Calcifications in Mammograms Using Wavelets and Adaptive Thresholds," Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 2008. ICBBE 2008. The 2nd International Conference on , vol., no., pp.2361-2364, 16-18 May 2008 doi: 10.1109/ICBBE.2008.923 Abstract: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases among women, it is important to give patients early diagnose and treatment. Mammography has become the most effective way for detection of breast cancer, and it is sensitive to clustered micro-calcification which is the key characteristic of early breast tumors. In this paper, we propose a method of detection micro-calcification. We first select the regions of interest (ROI) from the whole breast area by using wavelet and adaptive thresholds according to each mammogram, which are the doubtful micro-calcification regions; then the ROIs are further analyzed by DOG filter to reduce false positive rate. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can provide good detection performance. keywords: {Breast cancer;Breast tumors;Cancer detection;Computer science;Diseases;Information science;Mammography;Medical treatment;Testing;Wavelet analysis;adaptive signal processing;biological organs;cancer;diagnostic radiography;feature extraction;filtering theory;image segmentation;mammography;medical image processing;pattern clustering;tumours;wavelet transforms;DOG filter;adaptive thresholds;breast cancer diagnosis;breast tumors;clustered microcalcification detection;image segmentation;malignant diseases;mammograms;reduce false positive rate;region-of-interest selection;wavelets thresholds;} URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4535803&isnumber=4534880 Mencattini, A.; Salmeri, M.; Lojacono, R.; Frigerio, M.; Caselli, F.; , "Mammographic Images Enhancement and Denoising for Breast Cancer Detection Using Dyadic Wavelet Processing," Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on , vol.57, no.7, pp.1422-1430, July 2008 doi: 10.1109/TIM.2007.915470 Abstract: Mammography is the most effective method for the early detection of breast diseases. However, the typical diagnostic signs such as microcalcifications and masses are difficult to detect because mammograms are low-contrast and noisy images. In this paper, a novel algorithm for image denoising and enhancement based on dyadic wavelet processing is proposed. The denoising phase is based on a local iterative noise variance estimation. Moreover, in the case of microcalcifications, we propose an adaptive
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tuning of enhancement degree at different wavelet scales, whereas in the case of mass detection, we developed a new segmentation method combining dyadic wavelet information with mathematical morphology. The innovative approach consists of using the same algorithmic core for processing images to detect both microcalcifications and masses. The proposed algorithm has been tested on a large number of clinical images, comparing the results with those obtained by several other algorithms proposed in the literature through both analytical indexes and the opinions of radiologists. Through preliminary tests, the method seems to meaningfully improve the diagnosis in the early breast cancer detection with respect to other approaches. keywords: {biological organs;cancer;image denoising;image enhancement;image segmentation;iterative methods;mammography;mathematical morphology;medical image processing;tumours;wavelet transforms;adaptive tuning;breast cancer detection;breast cancer diagnosis;dyadic wavelet processing;image denoising;image enhancement;image processing;local iterative noise variance estimation;mammography;mass detection;mathematical morphology;microcalcification;segmentation method;Dyadic wavelet transform;image enhancement and denoising;mass detection;microcalcification detection;} URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4454239&isnumber=4531714 Alolfe, M.A.; Youssef, A.M.; Kadah, Y.M.; Mohamed, A.S.; , "Computer-Aided Diagnostic System based on Wavelet Analysis for Microcalcification Detection in Digital Mammograms," Biomedical Engineering Conference, 2008. CIBEC 2008. Cairo International , vol., no., pp.1-5, 18-20 Dec. 2008 doi: 10.1109/CIBEC.2008.4786080 Abstract: Clusters of microcalcifications in mammograms are an important early sign of breast cancer in women. In this paper an approach is proposed to develop a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system that can be very helpful for radiologist in diagnosing microcalcifications' patterns in digitized mammograms earlier and faster than typical screening programs. The proposed method has been implemented in three stages: (a) the region of interest (ROI) selection of 32times32 pixels size which identifies clusters of microcalcifications, (b) the feature extraction stage is based on the wavelet decomposition of locally processed image (region of interest) to compute the important features of each cluster and (c) the classification stage, which classify between normal and microcalcifications' patterns and then classify between benign and malignant microcalcifications. In classification stage, four methods were used, the voting K-nearest neighbor classifier (K-NN), support vector machine (SVM) classifier, neural network (NN) classifier, and fuzzy classifier. The proposed method was evaluated using the Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) mammographic databases. The proposed system was shown to have the large potential for microcalcifications detection in digital mammograms. keywords: {Breast cancer;Computer aided diagnosis;Feature extraction;Fuzzy neural networks;Neural networks;Pixel;Support vector machine classification;Support vector machines;Voting;Wavelet analysis;biological organs;cancer;feature extraction;fuzzy systems;image classification;mammography;medical image processing;neural nets;pattern clustering;support vector machines;wavelet transforms;K-nearest neighbor classifier;MIAS mammographic databases;benign cells;breast cancer;cluster;computer-aided diagnostic system;digital mammograms;feature extraction stage;fuzzy classifier;malignant cells;mammographic image analysis society;microcalcification detection;neural network classifier;pattern classification stage;regionof-interest selection;support vector machine classifier;wavelet analysis;wavelet decomposition;Microcalcification;fuzzy classifier;mammograms;neural network;support vector machine;wavelet;} URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4786080&isnumber=4786031 Karahaliou, A.N.; Boniatis, I.S.; Skiadopoulos, S.G.; Sakellaropoulos, F.N.; Arikidis, N.S.; Likaki, E.A.; Panayiotakis, G.S.; Costaridou, L.I.; , "Breast Cancer Diagnosis: Analyzing Texture of Tissue Surrounding Microcalcifications," Information Technology in Biomedicine, IEEE Transactions on , vol.12, no.6, pp.731-738, Nov. 2008 doi: 10.1109/TITB.2008.920634
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Abstract: The current study investigates texture properties of the tissue surrounding microcalcification (MC) clusters on mammograms for breast cancer diagnosis. The case sample analyzed consists of 85 dense mammographic images, originating from the digital database for screening mammography. mammograms analyzed contain 100 subtle MC clusters (46 benign and 54 malignant). The tissue surrounding MCs is defined on original and wavelet decomposed images, based on a redundant discrete wavelet transform. Graylevel texture and wavelet coefficient texture features at three decomposition levels are extracted from surrounding tissue regions of interest (ST-ROIs). Specifically, gray-level first-order statistics, gray-level cooccurrence matrices features, and Lawspsila texture energy measures are extracted from original image ST-ROIs. Wavelet coefficient first-order statistics and wavelet coefficient cooccurrence matrices features are extracted from subimages ST-ROIs. The ability of each feature set in differentiating malignant from benign tissue is investigated using a probabilistic neural network. Classification outputs of most discriminating feature sets are combined using a majority voting rule. The proposed combined scheme achieved an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (Az) of 0.989. Results suggest that MCspsila ST texture analysis can contribute to computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer. keywords: {biological organs;cancer;discrete wavelet transforms;feature extraction;image texture;mammography;medical image processing;neural nets;tumours;breast cancer diagnosis;discrete wavelet transform;feature extraction;gray-level cooccurrence matrices features;gray-level first-order statistics;graylevel texture;mammograms;operating characteristic curve;probabilistic neural network;texture analysis;tissue surrounding microcalcifications;wavelet decomposed images;Breast cancer;breast cancer;computer aided diagnosis;computer-aided (CA) diagnosis;mammography;texture analysis;tissue surrounding microcalcifications;tissue surrounding microcalcifications (MCs);Breast;Breast Neoplasms;Calcinosis;Databases, Factual;Female;Humans;Libraries, Digital;Mammography;Neural Networks (Computer);ROC Curve;Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted;Sensitivity and Specificity;} URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4472915&isnumber=4659335 Hamdi, N.; Auhmani, K.; Hassani, M.M.; , "Design of a High-Accuracy Classifier Based on Fisher Discriminant Analysis: Application to Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Microcalcifications," Computational Sciences and Its Applications, 2008. ICCSA '08. International Conference on , vol., no., pp.267-273, June 30 2008-July 3 2008 doi: 10.1109/ICCSA.2008.43 Abstract: In this paper we present a high accuracy computer-aided diagnosis scheme. The goal of the developed system is to classify benign and malignant microcalcifications on mammograms. It is mainly based on a combination of wavelet decomposition, feature extraction and classification methodology using Fisherpsilas linear discriminant. The contribution of wavelet decomposition is to denoise and to enhance regions of interests (ROI) containing abnormalities. Feature extraction is performed using spatial grey level dependence (SGLD) matrices. The purpose of classification is to assign an object to a certain class. Many classification methods have been described. Here we use Fisher's linear discriminant. Fisherpsilas linear discriminant is particularly useful for discriminating between two classes in a multidimensional space. Since it is based only on the first and second moments of each distribution, it is not a computationally intensive method. Our results show that the developed method is effective for quantifying the classification of benign and malignant microcalcifications abnormalities with an accuracy of 95.5%. keywords: {Application software;Breast cancer;Computer aided diagnosis;Feature extraction;Image databases;Linear discriminant analysis;Mammography;Mathematical model;Morphology;Statistics;feature extraction;image classification;image colour analysis;image denoising;image enhancement;mammography;medical image processing;wavelet transforms;Fisherpsilas linear discriminant;benign classification;computer-aided diagnosis;feature extraction;malignant microcalcification classification;mammograms;microcalcifications;regions of interest denoising;regions of interest enhancement;spatial grey level dependence matrices;wavelet decomposition;Fisher's linear
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discriminant;Microcalcifications;classification;feature vectors;wavelets;} URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4561230&isnumber=4561187

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