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ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENTS
Drug Name
Disorder/Disease Treated
Relieve pain, reduce elevated body temperature, inhibit platelet aggregation Inhibit biosynthesis of prostaglandin
Gastric irritation if taken without food Sodium and water retention Alcoholic beverages should be avoided Peptic ulcers and gastric bleeding
Salicylates
Decreases inflammatory process by inhibiting prostaglandin Relieve pain by inhibiting enzyme COX
Should not be taken with other NSAIDs Risk for stroke and heart attack (makes blood thinner) so make sure not to take with other anticoagulants Do not take in last trimester of pregnancy Gastric irritation Sodium and water retention
Decrease inflammation and pain Severe arthritic conditions Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis Relieves dysmenorrhea Antiinflammatory agents (prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone) used in arthritis and control of arthritic flareups (not drug of choice)
Inhibits COX-2 (which normally promotes prostaglandin synthesis) but does not inhibit COX-1
Corticosteroids
Alleviate symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis; palliative rather than curative effects; results may take up weeks or months to see
Gold Therapy Depressed migration of leukocytes and suppresses prostaglandin activity Inhibits lysosomal enzymes contained in leukocytes
Dermatitis, urticarial, erythema, alopecia, stomatitis, pharyngitis, gastritis, colitis, hepatitis, severe blood dyscrasias, anaphylactic shock; contraindicated in hemorrhagic conditions and lupus
Treats acute symptoms of gout, not effective in decreasing inflammation occurring in other disorders
Gastric irritation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain; contraindicated in renal, cardiac or GI problems
Used for gout prevention Helpful for patients with uric acid stones or with blood disorders like leukemia and polycythemia vera
Diuresis, alkaline urine, anorexia, nausea, vomitin, diarrhea, stomatitis, dizziness, headache, rash, pruritis, malaise, metallic taste
Uricosurics
Flushed skin, sore gums, headache Increase the rate of uric acid excretion Avoid aspririn because it causes uric by inhibiting reabsorption acid retention
Drug Name
Disorder/Disease Treated
Side Effects
NSAIDs
Stomach and ulcer bleeding may occur because COX-1 inhibition decreases protection of stomach lining, severe GI problems may also occur, tinnitus, bronchospasm, urticarial (with hypersensitivity) Anorexia, nausea and vomiting as well as rash, severe hypoglycemia, oliguria and urticarial; could cause hemorrhage, hepatotoxicity, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia; contraindicated in severe hepatic or renal disease, alcoholism GI distress, drowsiness, dizziness, sedation, urinary retention, bradycardia, euphoria, hypotension
Acetaminophen
Morphine
Meperidine
CNS depressant
Decrease in blood pressure Contraindicated in patients with chronic pain, severe liver dysfunction, sickle cell, history of seizures, CAD and cardiac dysrhythmias Make sure to watch respiration and provide adequate hydration Oversedation
Hydromorphone
Depressant
Same as morphine Transdermal patch that is used during the skin, more potent than morphine Act on peripheral nerves and CNS by inhibiting spontaneous neuronal firing Used in the hopes of decreasing abuse
Irritation of skin, dependence, etc. Low dosages kept especially if in combination with other drugs CNS toxicity from high doses
Adjuvant Analgesics
Opioid Agonists-Antagonists
Pain relief
ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS
Drug Name
Disorder/Disease Treated
Side Effects
Sedation, dizziness, headache, dry mouth, nasal congestion, blurred vision, photosensitivity, nausea, constipation, urinary retention, polyuria and peripheral edema Sedation and EPS may occur Drowsiness and anticholinergic effects Weight gain, tremors, and occasional rigidity, orthostatic hypotension, EPS, ECG changes, convulsions, headache, dry mouth, photosensitivity, sexual dysfunction
Phenothiazines
Nonphenothiazines
Antipsychotic drug
Anxiolytics
Potentiate gamma-aminobutryic (GABA) effects by binding to specific benzodiazepine receptors and inhibit GABA neurotransmission
Drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, confusion, blurred vision, nausea, V, anorexia, sleep disturbance, restlessness, hallucinations
Drug Name
Disorder/Disease Treated
Side Effects
Herbal Supplements
St. Johns Wort decrease reuptake of neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine
May interfere with SSRIs which cause serotonin syndromedizziness, headache, sweating, agitation Orthostatic hypotension, sedation, anticholinergic effects, cardiac toxicity and seizures Dry mouth, blurred vision, insomnia, headache, nervousness, anorexia, N, D, suicidal ideation, sexual dysfunction Hypertensive crisis from food-drug interactions, do not take with TCAs, CNS stimulation, agitation, orthostatic hypotension and anti cholinergic effects
Block uptake o the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin Block reuptake of serotonin into the nerve terminal of CNS, do not block uptake of dopamine or norepinephrine
Major depressive disorders, anxiety, disorders like OC, panic, phobias, PTSD and other anxiety
Treatment of depression
Calming effect without impairing intellectual activity, controls evidence of flight of ideas and hyperactivity, manic behavior may return of the person stops taking lithium. Alters ion transport in muscle and nerve cells and increases receptor sensitivity to serotonin
Headache, lethargy, drowsiness, dizziness, etc; urinary incontinence, hyponatremia, clonic movements, stupor, azotemia, leukocytosis, nephrotoxicity
Drug Name
Disorder/Disease Treated
Side Effects
Drowsiness, tremors, rash, blurred vision, photosensitivity, tinnitus, dry mouth, constipation, N, V, psychotic behavior, peripheral neuropathy, etc. Anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps, headache, rash and burning sensation in vagina No adverse reactions known High serum levels cause nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity and parasethesias, redness, rash, nausea and vomiting
Antitubercular Drugs
Tuberculosis
Inhibits tubercle cell wall synthesis and blocks pyridoxine which is used for intracellular enzyme production
Antifungal Drugs
Peptides
Drug Name
Disorder/Disease Treated
Side Effects
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, tremors, lethargy, rash, increased bleeding at IV site, urticarial, anemia, gingival hyperplasia, neuropathy, seizures, nephrotoxicity and leukopenia
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors Treats acute malaria; prophylaxis for malaria
Prevents synthesis of DNA and allows T4 lymphocytes to increase initially Increased pH in the malaria parasite inhibits parasitic growth
None noted Anorexia, N, V, D, abdominal cramps, fatigue, ECG changes, hypotension, psychosis
Antimalarial Drugs
Antihelmintic Drugs
GI distress and neurologic problems like dizziness, weakness, headache and drowsiness
Drug Name
Disorder/Disease Treated
Side Effects
Anorexia, N, V, D discoloration of urine, diarrhea, rash pruritus, dizziness, headache, superinfection, peripheral neuropathy, hemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis GI disturbances, hemolytic anemia, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity
Urinary Analgesics
Frequency and urgency of urination are relieved Increase tone of detrusor urinal muscle which produces a strong enough contraction strong enough to stimulate urination
Urinary Stimulants
None noted
Urinary Antispasmodics/Antimuscarinics
Antimuscarinic block parasympathetic nerve impulses Antispasmodics direct action of smooth muscle of urinary tract
Contraindicated in urinary or GI obstruction or glaucoma Dry mouth, increased heart rate, dizziness, intestinal distension, constipation