Page No ...

l
I NEW SCHEME I
ME45
USN ._I _._.___.__...__._.__._1__,1'--L---'
Fourth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, .July/August 2005
MEIIP/AUI1MIMA
Fluid Mechanics
;i hrs.l !Max 1-.l:ul'" IU<J
l. Answer a:ny FIVE full questwnH.
2. AnliiDer 11hould bt> and to the point.
I. 1111 Define a flwd and explaw 115 loUuwrng prupcrbPd.
J) Sw-face te.n.s1on
d)
iii I Vapour pressure
jvl
Bulk moduluM
rh) Cltmrly dn;bnguillh betweeu
il Absolute preallure
ul Gauge presst :re
tul Gauge vacuwn.
'tO
lrl Two horiLonla.l plat<!S ur ... plr.ced 1.25 tmR ilpan and 1be muunwdlat spurt Js
Iii led Mth an oil viscocily 1<J pmst. Culrul.dl' thv sbP.!Ir stress in lh!! oU II the
uvper plate 1s moved w1th a velonty uf M""""'
2. r ul State an I prove P:1scal'!l Jnw
(hl D11WE> an eKpression l'o: t.ht: tutal pJ'tlssun furn aucl tb:' Ueplh of rcnlr uf
jlroJSsure for ..m inclinud !<l.tbmergc<lln water 10 M11rkl
l1ll Mooswcmenl;l ol' pressure nt the bas"' and toJl nf a nre 71 em .uul
no I'm uf WI!ITUCY l'l'b"])l'l'tiVI'ly Ull' b"ljlhL u( the mounlo110 If <1Jr h,o5
a WCight uf l .2'.1.Aq/tllf3 C4 Moork
3. loll Cltarl y <U(J"Ji:Un l10w Mot.Hl!lllll.nt hPl!!IH. \S determln.:d P.Xpcnmcut.allv
1 tJ \1 vk "'

ME45
lh \ t.nangul.tT pll\w nl :tm1 antllwtght ot 3 ml 1 nruncrs!'d u1 w.ller, With
1t:; tllane making an anlrle of liU
11
wrlh fret wni.I'r as shown Oellli'Ull11e
the an!l tlw olrptJ1 .. r nnln i presb-ure when ll1eX 1.8 5
mts holow the \\"dlet
-,--
..



I t I Bnoll) o:>x.pldJn whi11 l,,osor <J'<!Pn:t for Ute .<labihty ufil iiD ortlinary ..J1p
til a Moulht
l. ,, I Otliaw !I SlroaJJI l.me tll P.uh hn ilal Rtnbonal floy, IV I l'ntnJlres><ihle
fluw 31Arkl
!hi l'ltad\ o.JI'n\'t th(: HOIIOIIII) l'll\t,Jlllll110 <i (Uffil'll!ilOn.<; m the thlfl'rf'ltU.al f.,nn
Rnd wl'itt' tbP foo Rlelld tmnmpr._...,,hle llow MIU'lul
trl C'IParl.v tlcli!t runv!'o'ltvc ami Inca! n<t:clu.ttion Find tbl' iiCr.elerntJon compo
nt-n .IT .1 pumt t L, l, It 111 :1 tluw fielcl tl!':>r.riho.d hy u 'l.1'2 r 2y,
, , .1 J 'I t
t
1
:!r 11 :ltt= ''' = f:'"" J.- '2z 9y- = tM M ..
5. ,,11 Stat" Hurktu!lhnm If rltt.><H'em anti lhllt the \PlOt ity rir.:ular
11r1fir r.s t-:ivl"n ]Jy V .j'l.yll<J { ?, .,-f-tlJ
lhP lltw ll rlw lll;mwter nl the nniirc.,, I.S tht
,, Lhe fluitl ,,f th ma.-...-; clenMt)' of tlw fluitlaml g the :u..-elernuoo clut
IU I'!MIVII,v IIU
tho llr 1\'1' tho bult>r,; ,.,lll,oltort col rtmtluuitv lw an itflal fnrtwnlc>..,-s fiuul oH Marb
h W"'!l-r 111g throuFh '' JHJll" (If' under a of
Jt>U L\ p,, ami a t"le:tn ""-.\.,. u . "\mt c Lltt>rmme llw t.otal htad tf th"
)JlJW Js i mttf tltl.' ll .. tum hooe, frictoun.
f>. '' thP tru;'l.ntnoenls 111 ,vnur h.v.tr.mlot>' lalltJratury that are mm1lar w
and :mtml't"' .md hrth c:<;pL'Un the rt>al;Ons fur ch .. same 1 tiU..A.
1b1 Clt>arh dfl\'<! lh<! P.XJI!"P:;.swn lrJf' luo tht-otutor.tl through .t
\ CJ I ol I. llH\ U M"r'fs1

I NEW SCHEME I
ME45
Reg. No.ll l-1-l --L-1.--l
Fourth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, January/February 2006
Mechanical Engineering
Fluid Mechanics
1!11 1,.. 'o hr. (Mw Marks l(l(l
Note. AIIIW>H any FIVE ru questions
1. (o) Give tA<.lsons tor the ronuwlng
li 1ho mln1scus of worer Is concave upwards wt1IIP ihe rnlnlsi:'I.IS of mereury ts
['tJnvex upwards
I) v'scos1ty of hqulds decreose on healing whetoru v1scoSl1V ot goses Jnqeose
c " 1'1eol1ng.
I) f1a1n drops and llny dow drops ore sphertcot lro sr1r;pe. (6 Morlc.l)
\b) iwo !lites of petrot 14N, Colculore speCihC' welpr,t, moss oens11y, specific
val 11ne nnd specific grovl,g of oetrol (2 Markt)
(el Detrve lhf.l epresslom lor surfo.;;e tens10n on o ltc)'.ld droplet one bubble.
(4 Marks)
(d) A v&ritrul gap 22mm W1d1 .. ol innnttA extonslcn cofi'ICJiiJs o rtulo 2.0 N.S/m3
anti l!lc gravity 0.9. A memllll ptut0 l.2:m 1.2'111 0.2cm to be hHed up
wolh o onslonl velocity or 0.15 llrougn ih& yap, 11 !he plate lb io
01 ''" rnlodte of the gep, delermiM rcrc<> r..qllfud <he woiytll of me ptole
<a Marlc.l)
2. (OI I) SILJI1 crllenon lor und noamo t)odtes .
1) [)erlve on expression tor metm .. allldr hl.>lgl't nl IILUIII g bocly tJ>'I11J onolyiicol
mat hod (10 Morkt)
(b) .l>, con or soecffic grovrty S Hoot111g tr .vuret .drh ''" upe has 1'001\l$
R 'If ill vwlrcat height fl St1<lW thor for ,roble P.<Jillll rrt Jm o f the ... ;me.
II
r
Rzsl/:'J t/'l
I g1}.1
(10 Morkt)
J, (a) 1110 Ell<PfessiOnfr)r doop!h of canlm nt uw lmrn I he :surlo ot 01
n-hiiOO rt<me surltJN'I lrnrnersed In"'''" Clnri n,;r -prove !hat (.1311110 ot pressure
'" nlw bt"low the conl:e ot grovl ty ,,.,, nn 111", ''-'1' ., I 'tJitoc.e (6 Mori<s)
lbJ f. U 1\ rl " 1 t lilf1omo1er 1 itl "' rt I" J:' <W,< 11 1-1 'ol wtJter In I'll')" lne whl(;h
15 "''"' Jl utmm1 rto:>Jk. fl'"' ';rrl II >I 11 !h" mun ruOJI<>
rn r 1nn s -,J.:i4:in h 1h . ...,O'T.rtAu3 T1 oon;J t,. r ... ,u1 rnefCIJt't
11 H I' It Tot> DeiHl" :no> ltoP pr .... ,q"' ,.,, Nr."P ,, hr rnan line II ,, " iifferbn .f
n r"'v-! 1f n , .. J rCllry In th-.-J ,rr u::a f llf1 11 1 lf.IL J ' 1r t '' merCluy 1
n l .. v .. v,rlh lh;;. Lo;JI1h<J rllhF- r >tr l I' "" 111PS Ill/ " W<illlr n l" lt ., "I' ' IS radur.l'ld
._, tr'i!l \J t'(JI !h ill thr-t l'f\Y (i!l!filPPI fl 1111(1 mAli I
1
' hB


Puge No.
(c) An lncii'1Bd reclongutor g<Tte AB 1 unged rJI A 01
In Is ro conlrot llie dlscharg!l t;>l wale
lnrce to be oppUed o f 6 to J.JpGtl ihA gol e
ME45
1 .2ru v J fl1 . '1S t.II0\\'1
Detmrnlne rlltJ nurmol
(6 Molkt)
4. (o) Explain Logrenglon ond J11lerton npproocnes of flu;cl flow stuay (o Marks)
(b) Defin<>
I) Path line
ill) Slrook
'') SireOII IIine
IV) lube
(4 Motkt)
(c) Does the weom function if1 = 'lo:u represent o physlcully possiiJie flow? 11 so.
defermll1e lhe velocfly of poln1 C1 t) nno 111<9 stream f\JI'lC llan Al!o detemlne
fhe velocity potencial rune non (I o Mo*>
5. (a) The pressure dHierflnU" P tn o pipe of dlomotar 0 lengln I due lo IUt
oolenl flow on trte V<'!loctty V. viscosity I' density p tmt;l roughnoss K
uSlng Bucklngh<Jm's 11 ll eorem. <1btofn on ePif.lssJon len 6 P lrt 111e tn,,., ot
Dorcy-Welsbach "1U01101'1 (10 Marks)
(b) Stole Bernoulli 's theorem ro on trow sfotlng all lhe
Write Bernoullt'$ &quollan opplie<;t betw.-en 2 on a slreom lne lfl un ldeol
nuld and In o teolilultl t4 Marks)
(c) A pipe of 300tTJrn conyeyrng 300 litres/sec or 'tiCIIer has o rlghi angled
bend In a honzonrol plol'lo. And the resullont fo1ce exerled on lhe bend 11 tne
pt<:>ssura of lnle1 ancJ oulrat rJf tha !Jend ora245.25 kPo and ?.15 44 KPo respar lively
(6 Mark$)
6. <a> State tho princrplo of pilol lubo. (2 Motks)
(b) A honzuntal VOrtlttmE:fo. wllh 30c.;rn dlomeler lnlol ano !Oc.m lhn,;al 15 ll$()0 for
measutlnp the now or wote 1nrougt1 a pipeline. II lire pra>Sitre in ., 15(1 kPo
nnd the vccuurn pres!i\lf'r nt the fhrool r, ot <etJI<'IItOie lh rflle
lluw or Cfillitr'1'11101 l>e;-otJ " lost t>t>wec-n fllft pipe '>UIP mr1 tt""
lhiOOT find IliA C!OP.t1
1
(;1eH1t luke WOI\)i"ol or WUlril OS
lllkNj mJ (10



7. (a) b.p'nln lheo coriCepl ol tl1r. toto\ ener91 l1rl u11d r1ydroullc grocJionr lin ro1 tl1.1kJ
lkw (4 Mo r1<1)
(b) I'WtJ r . H D and lJ w1th lr,r tQih L me If r1 >e plp"t'; <1re
1 In ltk loss nf h-.Od fur r tiMr pipe wt1cn o tot of quor1titY of wolat
IIOW> Jt1rouql1 !herr ISh It tne plf.Y's 11re II" So te'l onu 111' sum"' qunnlrly
C". lltw rhrr)UQh 1t1ern 111(1 1oM ol huQJ 1 is II It rl IL5fJ find th"' ner:uhlO('lt:
ul k'ol hO\ ttU>:.JOI1ocl 1 pipe wt.m> p ll1red 111 r>!;Jin/lel onc.J th"i rollo H to f.
\i;;ylecttr1if>"' insi"'S 'lf'<J lSSUtrle '11 llo11 coefllcrnrns In t:,e <.flr1'1l1nls. (1 0 Mark')
rc1 f1'"' lh:! und rnnn,enlum tnckne'l!>
litslr Ill lila l>OUI dut v !rJyi'll QI\1Hf1 I Y fr 2( *) ( * )'!
i) fric llorr drnq
li) drag
fo t lh>- vPhColV
(6 Marital
(6 Morita)
(bl Ina Much -or IF. nnd Moen cmgtEl With lne 1\elp ol neot (6 Maries)
(e) A ccar wttl1 frontal projecled oreo or trovels ol56 km/hr Det&rmlr If.
11 powEJr roql 111ert lo over conw wind re:Jslonce It tl <> dreg cu-efhcienr of the
cor 0 d fake I' or Oil = 1.2k!J/ 111.
3
(4 MarkS)
(d) C:olt.Lrlolo the velocity o:Jn<.J Mor.J1 of u MJperi!Clnlc n1rcraf1 nyrng ur orr
,.)f lOOOrn where the Is 280
11
K Sol!nd of 111e olrcrotlts oeorLJ
'} 15 alter lh13 pussoga f'\1 Q/rcro lt on t11e t1ead or on observor
-, = 1..11 & R - 281 J / k 9 J\ (4 Marks)

''f- 1 I I I I I
Four th B. E. Degr ee ExamioaCi on, Dec. 07 I Jan. 08
Fluid Mechanics
MINS
f"imc 3 Ius. Max. Marks:JOI)
Note :1. Auswer any Fl VE jitfl questions.
2. Missin{! tiara if uuy Cflll be suitably assumed.
;1 Deline the and mes1lipn thetr S.l.
i) Dcns1ty.
ii) ViS('OSity.
iii) Surtaec tcnston.
iv) Varlour pressure
v) Bulk nmdulus. till :\-!!Irk)
h 11enw lin exprcssii)IJ for risc ol liquid ia a ttLbc. tU5 Murl.sl
c The surface tension of wHter c.lroplet in cunlu.:L \vith au ul 20 <: as 0.071 N/m_ lf the
t.liarn.:kr ol droplet is 1.45 mm. cnlcubtc tl1e pressure within the droplet t05 Mllrk.'l
2 il an 1\Jr bydrosratk ll'I'Cc 011 <IU !ndincu submerged and
depth 1Jf centre nf (Ill M:orks)
b. '\ plate of 2 m immersed iu on uti c,f specific gravJry of such 1hm
ns surfoce J() ' to the free lts Lop cdg<' ;, 2.5 m bt'lnw lhl' free JiinJ the
Ioree und Cl!ntcr of pressure. ttl$ Mark> I
l Mcasurrnenl< >f pressure ;ll the base uucl l<>p of a lliOUutana are 74 em nod 60 t111 of
re:-1lectivcly Calculate l.hc bdght uJ lb.: JUuunta:io if alr l.tas ll specific weigh! nf
1
1 .22 k).tftn . (05 IVI!td,,)
.' Defi11c lhc follm\tng:
i) l:luny;.mcy.
ii) Absolute prc>strrc.
iii)
i v) O:.uge pressuTe
v 1 Ccnm: of pressure (Ill Mnrks)
b 1\ hlud. <>f wond of gr:l\ ity 0.8 fl1>ltl< in w:.tl<:l . Detunnine lbc hetght
ol block 11 ils su:c ls J m long, 2 m wid(' md I m hdght. Statt whether equilibrium is
nr tutstahlc 1115 'furl<.>)
c. f 1.: rt I i 111 b 0 f' <1 mercury ( 1-tubt.: IJIHJ IVtllC\Cf is VJlCU lO !llll\oSpheric t1 nu I he right limb is
c:w'UacdcJ lu a ptpe carry1ng water under pressure. lite centre of the pipe i; al lhe level of
I h.: lrcc ;,urfacc of mercury. Find the differt:nce in kvd nl Limbs uf L-tubc lrtbc
pressure of water in the pipe ls 1-1.5 rn of water, almosphcric prcssun: is 760mm
uf mercury. 1115 '1M"')
4 u Dcriv.: the genrral three-dimensmnaf C\lnlinuily cqulJUon anu tbcn l'Cdllce it to conti.llllily
for stcdJy. two iu llnw. (I {I Mnri<J;i
h. Rxplain
1) Veloc:lly potential func11on.
iii Stream f'um:tion.
Write dWilllhe re]alion between Llrcm (U.S Morl<sJ
c. A stream function is givell hy the = = 2x
2
- y
3
Fitld the C\)IUj)\ll1COls ur


:vtE45
' n l bmg Bucktn!-\hllm's n lltcorem, shuw thul the vdot:ily tnmu!(h o cir,ulnr is
!;1\'Cfl IJ_\ I ,f2)(116lr-..!!._ -
11
1 \Oohl!fC H IS the h:ad l3Ulllll! n .... Dis tht Jiitntcter of
u pn) , -
the 11ti lice. f' j, the <oeffidcnl uf vis(il,lly. p ts tho: density lit ttl g '' the nccdcrouon
tlllc It t,:raY1ty jltl l\1ark)
h lkrt\O tit.: f:nkr 8 of lll<'lioo ltr \h:.tdy ll,tw 1111<1 (lhlatn L:41lllhtll lrnm
tl the ass1nnptinns mor.lc: 111 Ute d.:mJii<lll ,,ffiernoHIII's equ.tllln. 11111\!:ork')
h J l:.\ltl:1111 u vcnlwnnct,r. !Jnvc un Why Vllllllt'llucler i:. hdtcr than
vnli.:c mettr'
1
(1111\htrk!ll
h. OcrtH' ti,lfutl.t tu Lhc lmtion.t! lu" m Pr>e 111 tcrm> u '
lnctu111 factor. ( tH Murk>)
7 a.
) Mot:h nwnl"''
11) flu\\
iii) l'>Upl'TSOnit' lJPW,
1V I I .Jt1timtr iln\\
\) tltll. tiU \11osl
h. Wut..-r :tl I:" I lhJws hel\"'l'll '" l.lr" plal<!ll HI " nt l.l n11 , art
I lrWtnune
i) l he tllii'WI1lltl1
II I I loo.' dr.1p J'<'l' 111111 au, I
uil I he at the of the 1 f th. 1 n fJ.2 ntln.
l!f 1\utcr at I.)'(' tS t,.<iven .i:; I} ttl pdst: 111.; 1\l:trl..t
lmd !he wlm:11y ol l>ulh:t Jit ed 111 'itltllt.lnr<ltllt 11' I he i\l.1ch ;mglc i$ 11)'. Ti!ke I{ 287 I-I
,1/\ t.l 1\. ami K I 4 l(,r air at I.S''t', Mnrlo\1
H ;t. I l: lir.-
1) lltcl\'.
h) l.tll
It 1 fl, >tiiKial) lJ) ,., tlm;kne",
1 1 1 Ut.>JIIacem,nt 1 ht.:knes,
'1 1\lmnC'ntmn
)1 \ J 1111n <.honwll'r i' held uurm.tl to a l6lmfo, wand 111,Jcn,tty 111101
1

What l"rce is lit h,,Jd it II resf'l \,sumc ol ttl' I I
(115 1\hrk.'l
c, r:n,.J Ule dspliwcmtnl and the lltnmentltm tlndmcss h1 tltt: "elucnv o.l
Ill lh< hllWlJ.fOty ho)'N gtvt:n II_ ! II is lht Vci11cll)' Ill ,1 dl\loU1CC I
\' \ t., 0

fall "' _ I M I
l iSl\ 1 I r J_IT n 1
NEW SCHEME
Fcmrth B.F. Degree lh aminatiun, Jut) 2007
Enginccri nA
Fluid Mechanics
' tunc. J hr:..l
1\'ote : / . . lll.lll'e'r ''".1' F/1 E jit/1 qul'.\lifllr,.
J. Ally mi"i11g tltlltt 111111' be tl\\1/lfll!tl <:uituhly.
a mlu h l\lccn lh, lolh>Wmg .
t) '}.. Jcn'm illld mns'
II I 1-.tnclllllhC Vi\I:OSiiY and dynamll' VISWS!I y
ii1l < 'mprc,sit.ilil\ anJ llhl<lulu.
iv) :-.urli11'C and utpill:trlly ""l url.' l
h. ln .. dy11amic of utt od ust!J lr . titn ix'I\\<!Cll u ,hMt ami
!J i'II.<C I h, JiJJll.:tr ol the slult is u .. m ,m.J r01.1k' ,,, I rpm. ('.tlculut tl.t
f!OWCI' fn<l 111 I he h<'lll'ing fpf >\ h:lllt lh nJ
1
iJJ nlnt rn1- <J!' 1Jw ti[ tiftll
tll I nm HIS \1rkt
1 a. Stat e 1111d pnvc law. (lito 'tori. I
b nlc ' uotr "" Jlllo.'rcnual mantlnh:ter' 1Ut
c 1 he ngh1 limh ol ;1 oimpl< mllll!lllh!lcr mcr(Ur\ IS 1<1 the
<illllOS(Iftt:f<' I'' JuJe thC' left Jimb CllllllCdcJ loo li ptpc II \\llldt a fhlld of -;(j I) 'I I
l1i>\1i11g. TI1e tl ptpe 12 em hl'111\\ dt..: kHI otlnwrcury tuthe npht ll111h,
l'i ntl tile prcs,ure qf !luid 1111h.: ptpt: il'tht: Jlllcll.:nCe 111 m..:rLUtl Je,d m t\\o ftiJlh: 1<
![t .-m lllk
.' a n11 lur h1tul lo 1n:t: 11n ol curved surla.:c. suhlllcrged in 'I lluid
til> \l.Jt
h \ wnk .:unt.un-; walt: I ltJll" ot ht:Jghl 0 S 111 ah<l\O: tl11. llilsc An i&n llti'Sthi<: III'JUIII ut
<.;(j t) llos fi lkd t1n I h.: lop nl'tiUlcr up!\ I 111 lt<!ll'hl (\dcul,uc
tl 1 t)LJitr -.sure n title t.k ,j' the
jj) f he fii>Sitinllllf CCllll.'l' or rrcssurc fi1r Oil<' side nfthc Whu.:h 01 \\Jill'
tlU
t'. liull \\Ill )1111 tltt: lllt.'ld.:C11ll'lt. hCt)!hl til ,1 ilO.JllliJ' nod)
111th ,, neat 'kddl',' M,, bt
::l. flllli:J'I:IIhatc ht:I\V(L:II
il Stream liandhlll ami 1 dtJ<:Il\ pmo.:ntio1l
iiJ 'fr.arn mt.l lm.
iii1 lttH:JIInltltl nnd lrrPIJliOIJa l tlnw. tllh 1\htrl.,l
h r'tln,un dr \JlrC>'i' 1 r ,,ntmutt' C<j11.11tnn r.,r 3 dnncnstomat 11.11< 1 t '1 '"illl
L.II\Htllllttte'S
Ill\! lrlldl) ulltp .. nc!ll> in I 1\\!l uuno.:nt,JIJ;tltl \\ :tdJ i(-,, lill inc .. mpR
.trt." Zl\ ',
!fill Moll I\\)
. bl 1< J


5 n. State Budan!_!ham's Jt thc,rcnL tU!IIhkl
b. FinJ the the P\_>WCr devckped a pump !T'J when it up;>n the
hcau (II 1. (l.)) and speer lie weight('') of the Hutd ttlH
e. 0(.'J1Vc Jn lbr disehMge nn u11llcc rn7
d. Why c<cllicio:nt nl discharge {Cd) nl h higher thaH thut ul n11
oriliccll\l;'lc'r'! (113 Marks)
1\ .1 lklflllltll!'-. llwurcm li.,r >1cell llnw nl' an fluid unJ (J..:rrvc 1111
lor rh< Stall! thc assumpiHlll'i fur 'udr a Jcriv:ntun 110 \turk.)
b f rnd I hi! \liiiiiiCICI uf il f"i'C of Jeogth 20lJ() m 1\ hen lite 11111! ,,J' tl<!l\ Of \\alt:r lhnugh
rrc IS 2111) i\nJ the hc'Jd lost due Ill rridinn "' Tnkc the \ aluc of l ' 511 in
's fi >nnulu, 110 \l.rl-1
? a.. \\'lmt I> llngcn lurmula'? Denn: 1111<\prc.ssion t(>r the smm: (Ub
h. ll!>IJtn <Ill lor velcity of 1h.: sound wsn 111 o OutJ
11f chang, i11 .. ur.: change of it}. 1U8 Mrl .. ,l
t Deline Madlrllltllhtr. Muh angle aJIJ '-larh l'nnc (Ill J\lart,,)
II a Di flcnmtinl.: bel wc.co
I) butly ami blullbtlOY
iiI FrlclitHI ,Jrug and pressure dmg rU8
b. A man 'Ill I N to rhe gwund from 1111 ac:ropl.lrle ''ith tbe IHtlp <II"
parachute ug;rint the of air. Tht: shup.: ut'lhc is hcrnhphmcal nl
2m diJmctcr. linJ the velouty oftbc 111th wh1ch 11 llimn
l "d 0.5 finl r. li r atr 0 00125 gm'cc .ulll y - 0.015 ''""-c. tOM Mrkt
c. Deline thic!.ncs-; and mnmentunr rn 1 \1

I Sf\
1 r
L_
I
Fourth B. E. Ucgree l>cc.08 I .lan.09
Fluid Mechanics
!\fi
I UIIC 1 hnt Ma:'>. I Ol
: I . Ali.OI'I'r tilt_!' FJI'J:.'fu/1 questinn..
2. Ntl In bit'\, clwrt!.. dlllfl hnt)J.. tJre pumilfl!d.
rl. I..SJ'Iuin Dt:ril'e an equation lh1 fur an tdcul !(aN undr
(Ob .\frk
b. \ vd..:1h Jtstribuuun l11r fluv. u'"' flat pl.ih: '" Si,cn b} u = ; y \"hen: u ,s tl'
\\'fc,,li) 111 rols at u cJI\l3nC<' vi )' the plat..-. kh'nttlllc! lhe 'la.11
y ll ()
1
1 rn<"tre. T ttkl <lyoamic \ nf the ll UI1l poise. (HH "brk.
c 1\ tube <f di(trnt:tcr 1.5 mm <.lippcd in It water iii mcn:ury. Jiind ill(' l'llpi llar
lnr I'Hch C:jSC. Surlac-e lL'"T1Sinn f.,r water nnd mcn:ury may lw luk.4!n I) 07S N/m an
';frn respech' ch Tlle angle b. t;tkl!ll .JS U .md JIU for th, IW case
rc:spt. thd\ liN :\tr"-'
2 tt Oht:tltl 1111 lw the uM.rlcd nu u \IJhmcrg.::d plmw !.urlaCL" wal ln,:;uc il
rlttilll Ill' udion. (till
h 1\ cyhm.hical l>unv 1 IU tn dnd 2.5 meh:rs lung i1nJ weighs M I lh
d.:n.tl. 111 sea-\\lln 10:!5 kglm
1
Slt<>v. lhatlhc hvJy J.ul.,-. n<f llt>al w1th tb \'crtic-a
Wh.u 11ttnimum pull -:hnuld 1:1.: applictl w the Lliatll ntlrlcn.:J tn or lh1. hast: r
it I'CI1tcal'; (II Murk.!
J ,,, l''JIIain \Ida C'CiliTI! Derrw illl CI-\Ulllt111 rur a lvhiil liighl ('1\1 = -llf'
(liM \lrk.
b. ' n 1111 cncd l.; -rub< 1 .:utlllt.'l; tu.! tv.< pt rr r\ nnJ 13 <'lin) i ng llu11h .l\ 'h"'n
r'u ktll,tle th.: Ja tlcron.:r net 1\0:c'n thl" cenlo:rl i ncs of tht: jltp..:s li)'llt\' 1.13 (b 1
fll(l '1"r'''
. '
"
.I
od (o:rJ

S't>
L' d i

(i:,)
---...
:lf 11
I

J
I A
I

I
s
\.
Fig. Q3 (hl
' ' _.._... .


a. fo:llplnm i) Sucarn line ll P;llh line 111l Streak lam
h Ott th fbllnwinp component n:pn::.cm physically posstblc t1uw'?
1) U=);? l/,
2
+5; v=y
2
+Z
2
; w=4Kyz ii) U 5Xi I(J)'+I)'z)i
y'
1
' 1

1 l
ui) u=--., ;:!, l\-y v=xv -zy - I\) u=:w. v=x
3 - 1
'''*""'
(fiR Marktl
c. Plot the now field ucfineu h)' ap =X
2
- i ',all:ulatc vclocit) Ul n (lOlflt II( I n
(06 Mnrks)
I ,, v vi
a l'ti\\C that the ''llfli:I'SOIIIC lliT Jrng ffi Ctf rocket 15 1,\IVCII by }'
11
tll

I -fl
II
wh\.'l'c L t$ the length 111 n)c.:l..el, V velvtity, 11 - shoLk l>IIIJ,I.:, p - '\tr Jcns1ty,
Jl 1/iscosit)i nf anJ K hulk modulnN oJ air. t08 'l>lork>)
h I xplaan Rulcigh mcthud .tnd similitude 106 M"r'-J
c 1\ pipe earn mg crude oil 1>l sp.gr 0 114 i'! ot 25 < m tlilUllctcr 111 section und 50 em
dulnlctct ut sc11111111 2. rtw rnte of Ouw 450 ips. '\cttwn I is at un devat<n ot l5 111
uh1w, the sectiolt 2. If the ol l1111ll at the tW(> un: kPa >11 scclin11 I and
llll kPa at sctilm 2, find the dirt<:tion ul nuw and llcnJ loss the sectiuw<.
1\1\
') - l' d {
2
1
_], :;- .J1gll With usunlnotllliOil.
,A
' I -
h_ 51)\HJ Ips ,,t r<thnl or II. 79 through 11 em di,unekr b)
7
5 dJdlilCt;r
Vl'IIICtll ventmimuter. Tho: lk1w is in tltc urward l'J or the metc1 0.<>8 ll1e
of U1c Cl!lll.' of lne 111Cl1'1 is '\0 l'lll Compt)lll lhi.l pr.:S>!tiiC uitTerenct
bct\\ccn the inlet nnd 1hrou1 1111J the dcllcltioo that would be recordrd by
mcr<.:ury differc:nuul U-rubc manometer connected hetwlll!o lhest' tOR \hrful
c. L,\pl.1tn il l:.nttgy line.: II) llydraulic (CI-t \lrk$1
7 11 hr .1 laminar tluw thrnugh a c:ln:ulnr ptpc derive llugen-Poiscuillc t:qUL1liun li1r head h>S.\
<2tllL
du,:l lncu''" g1vo:n b) It = -- Mnt.J
r
h bj1hllll llow. Murks)
c Corhnn llnws thruugh a Jiffuscr The presHurc vdrn;ity wtd tCil1fWrututc nt a
;c, tt<>n wh..:n: the arCll of sc<:llun is 5(1 .:m
1
w-e l!5 kPu (abs). and I' (268 Jq
_,hou!J he the an.-a ul another t.llwn to .1 pressurc uf 120
(nhs)? Whm the temperature at till> sccuon'? Cukuluto.: the Much nurnbl'TN 111 th.: IW
Assunu: iellltllpiC now wilb R - 287 1/kg.K llnd "( = 1.21<. (IIH Mr>
H ,, f-.xrl,1ill iJ la)cr thicknes!\" u) 6' ul) \htntcnrum
tludn..:s.s 11 tllh
b itrhc velocity JlllifilC in a1Ull11n11r bounJury ht)CT is llpproximOJt<!d hy pamboJic llrllidc,
J

When: u IS ut y and u-\ ns Cakulmc the ihodi.Ul'SS and
I h.: nomc0111rn thto.:kncss. tno Mark>)
c Culculatc the drag nnd power required Ill tnw a Jlat pluh: 2 m witlc 20 111
.... -L ...... f1 ..,, __ 1 I., .. 'n ...... ;, ' \ll,,,, ... . d. I I,, ... "\t'\ol "' , ....... ,..,. ,,,; ....... ,f

usN I I I I I I I I I I I
Fourth Semester B. E. Degree Examination. June I .July 08
Fluid Mechanics
ME45
fitue. 3 hn; . Max.. Marks: I UO
Nohl: A11swer any FI VE f ull quesliO/l S.
1 State Newton's law of viscosity and deduce the JoJinitiun of absoltlle visc.osity. (04 Marks)
b. A capillary tube an insidt diameter of 4 mm is dipped in warer al utmospheric
of 20' . Deh:rrnmc the height of w11rer. will rise in the tubt,, Take
<1 = 0.075 N/m and n = 60. l(ir water What will be lhe percentage increase in the value of
bdght, if the diameter of the tuhe is 2 mm? (116 Morkll.)
l11e spac:c between two square llat parallel plates is filled with oil Eacb side of the pl<lle i:;
C\Ct ems. Tht" lhid'-IJt' ss pf tbc oil film is 12 5 mm. Tht.: uppur plate, whicb moves at 2.5 m/;
rrquires u force ol'9.81 N to rntumainthc Determine
i\ dynamic viscQsiry ulthe (1il in poise .
ii) I he kinematic vis.:os1ty of th.: oil, if Is 0.95
iii) in movitlg the plate. (Ill Marks)
1 a. Show lhnt tbe centre of for a plane surfuc.: immersed in u statil rlltid tith.:1
vcrti<:olly l"T inclined, always beii>W lht: of gravity. (118 Mark>)
h. A l'ireuhtr pl,uc 4 5 m in diameter is 111 wa!l:r such tbat its gteatesl and leasl
depths hclow the wmer surface are J oo and 1.5 m Find
i) fc>lul pn:ssun.> nn the lop t'atc ofth.: plate.
ii) The position of ct:ntrs: !118 Marks)
c. St,tli: law aJtd derive r111 cxpl'c'sit'n hn the' same. (01 MArk.)
l a. m.:ta L'Cnlrc or II noaling b()c]y tlic analytical method nf determining the
mctacentdc heigh\ (Ill ;\'lnrkl
b. SIJ1It: lbe wndiricm [i)r stable equilibrium nl a Jloatmg body and cxplatn how this is taken
care ul ltl tht.: c.ksigu of a .;hip Mart..\
A wooden blnck or sp.gr 0. 75 lloa!s in warer. lfthe size block b I m" 0.5 Itt xt/.4 m.
11nJ mctncetltl ic h.:ight fm a roll on its axis (01
4 a. ':hrW that tb" C'Ofl!itlllity t'l.jU:illOI1 three Sll'Bci\' now j,
. riu ov Sw
gcveu by, + ,. :/) (08 M:crt.>J
c').X <))' ()Z
h, f)clinl' stream functton and velocity pnlen!inl t'uncliun nod ;;11'"' IJow they <trc relakd.
(Oo
lhC' vclotaty potential function two llow is rj. =x('Zy - J) . At a JllHlll
P(4. 5) Jctcmunc i) l'he velocity ii) llf;;trcam fuuetion. (I!GMar"'l
5 a 11w pressure diffcren.:e 1\P for llow in a pipe dcpeoJs upun the d1anccter of lhc
pipe D. of pipe L, the veJocily V. viscosity f.l and dcns1ty p. U$ing Buckmgham's
theorem obtain an expression for t.P. (08 M.rks)
b. '\tate impulse nJUrucnlltrtJ prillctple and mention its applicatir)ns (04 Muk.<)
,
t In 45' rectangular air duel of f m sectional a1-ca i> gradually reduced to
u.S m
2
area. Find the magniwde anc.l c.lircctio1t of the force requil'I"J to hnlu uucl m
. '


fo a. !Jr.ol'<= an exprcs-.1011 for the Jischll.rgc through an ndtucd Vcntunmeter ((If 110 upward
tlnw 1(18 Markl
h A bud! 4 km sway lr\lln u tuwn havmg a JlOJ>ulntulll of 5000 is tv
he supplietllhun tht rcscn<tllr tJ:. The per conswnrtaon vf wntca per tl.a) h
htres and hull' of thts uatly o;upply is '" he within I tl hr,. Inc nf head due
"' lriction In llw plpC' lim: ts 20 m antJ thl I fm the prpl' hne ts 0.008
Crkulatc 11f t.he supply main, minor til"
c Wrtl<' olllOIC . ,,I ncrgy gmdu:nt line an\1 hyllraulic gr.tJIO:I11 . jfl4l\brkl;)
7 '' ' an for I he of htmlohll 111 fnr lmnnur 11m\ 11 TOIIJ1d
pip Sketch thl' vcloolly prof11c and shcur Nlrcss pro 1111 Morks)
b lkO\ l' un expression hr lhc sunic velocity 111 u compressible lluw 111cJiwn [,,,_
I lst>lh.:rrnul
111 Atliobat11:
whidlllf tW' ih o;l!tl'CCI. fill
I! J I 'n ,, llat plate nf l m lenl(th 1111d I m 1dlh. were in ,, Wind tunnel
.-,lh "md speed ni 511 The I$ lept at ,ud1 an angle th:u lht: tl
d!iLij nn,l Lift urc \l 18 and 11 'I Dctccmioc
a) nrag ltrn
Ill Lit Intel
111) Rcsulrnlll htocc nnd
I\ 1 Pt>w,r cxcttct.l b} .ur on the
dcnsiry nlulr :I J 5 kgh11
1
- ( 111 M kl
h f)ditu the fnllu\\'111\1:
i I llmmtbl) I .a> .:r ..
111 tbidmcs'
1ill Mumcn111111 '\lak!Jt
'
c. (\ p111JCL'ti lc in au ttl' pr,ssure 10 11)4! HI IO'C. tit o of km/hr
lnrl tin: Mad1 uuml'Ct 1111<1 il11$1e = I I nnJ R = 2S7 H.t,: 1114 \hrt.<J

USN 1,--,--1 -.--, r--r-1 1---T---1,----,-1 1---.--f ---r-----11 . 1-
Fourth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Dec.09/Jan.10
Fluid Mechanics
ME45
Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: I 00
Note: Answer any FIVE full questions.
1 a. Define following terms and mention their SI units.
i) Specific Density ii) Dynamic Viscosity iii) Surface Tension iv) Specific Gravity
v) Kinematic Viscosity (05 Marks)
b. A pipe carries oil of specific gravity 0.80. A differential manometer connected at two points
'A' and 'B' of the pipe shows a difference in mercury levels as 30 em. Find the difference of
pressure head in terms of meters water. Find also pressure at point A if the pressure at point
B is 1.46 bar. (10 Marks)
c. Explain phenomenon of capillarity. Obtain relation for capillarity rise of liquid. (05 Marks)
2 - a. Show that, for a completely submerged plane surface, the centre of pressure is always below
the centre of gravity. (10 Marks)
b. A piece of metal when submerged in water weighs 667.08 Nand when submerged in liquid
of specific gravity 0.8 weighs 686.70 N. Determine the volume of the metallic piece, its
weight in air and specific gravity of the metal. - (10 Marks)
3 a. Explain working ofmicromanometer, with neat sketch. (06 Marks)
b. Explain importance ofmetacentric height to determine the stability of floating bodies.
(06 Marks)
c. A triangular plate, having base 5 meters and altitude 4.5 meters is immersed in fresh water
and its vertex is 2 meters below the free surface and surface of plate is inclined at 30 .to free
surface. Find total pressure force and its location. (08 Marks)
4 a. Differentiate between :
i) Path line and streak line
ii) Stream tube and stream line _ iii) Steady flow and uniform flow. (06 Marks)
b. Derive continuity equation for three dimensional fluid flow. (08 Marks)
c. The stream function for a fluid flow is given by ' = 8xy. Find the velocity of flow at point
P( 4,5). Find also velocity potential function $. (06 Marks)
5 a. Derive Bernoulli's equation from first principles and mention asstimptions made in the
derivation. (iO Marks)
b. Velocity of fluid flow through a circular orifice, is dependent on head of flow 'H', orifice
diameter 'D' absolute viscosity 'J.L', mass density p, and gravitational acceleration 'g'. By
dimensional analysis, using Buckinghams 1t theorem show that
(IOMa<ks)
6 a. A pipeline carrying oil of specific gravity 0.87, changes in diameter from 200 mm at point A
to 500 mm diameter at point B. Point B is 4 meters higher than point A. If the pressure
intensities at 'A' and 'B' are 10 N/cm
2
and 6 N/cm
2
respectively and discharge is 200
lit /sec, find the loss of head and direction of flow. (08 Marks)
b. Differentiate between orificemeter and venturimeter. (04 Marks)
c. Derive relation for discharge of flow by using venturimeter. (08 Marks)
I of2
ME45
7 a. For a viscous fluid flow, show that maximum velocity of flow is twice the average velocity
of flow. (08 Marks)
b. Represent Hydraulic gradient line and total energy line for flow through a pipe with sudden
expansion. (04 Marks)
. c. Find the rate of flow of water through a pipe of diameter 20 em and length 50 m, when one
end of the pipe is connected to a tank and other end of the pipe is open to the atmosphere.
The pipe is horizontal and water level in tank is 4 meters above the axis of pipe. Considering
all the minor losses, find discharge in Its /sec. Take frictional factor 'f = 0.009. (08 Marks)
8 a. Define drag force and lift force for objects immersed in fluid. (04 Marks)
b. Explain:
i) Boundary Layer Thickness
ii) Displacement Thickness
iii) Momentum Thickness. (06 Marks)
c. Explain for a compressible fluid flow,
i) Zone of action
ii) Mach angle
iii) Mach cone. (06 Marks)
d. A bullet is fired in the air and mach angle is observed to be 30. Given the temperature of air
is 20C, density 1.2 kg /m
3
, find velocity of bullet. Assume Y = 1.4 for air, R = 287.4 J/kgK.
(04 Marks)
* * * * *

USN r I I I I I ' ' ' I ' 2 o o 2 SCHEME
Fourtb Semester B. E. Degree Exao:afnatlon, J une-J uly 2009
Fluid Mechanics
ME45
"rime. 1 hrs. Mux, Mnrk5:100
Note: 1. AlrSI!er l lriJ' FTJ'EfuU
2. uny mis.1ing daJu suitably.
a. Define S\llfilce tension. Sketch a liquiJ on u soli!l whim
i} Adhesion is more then cohesion
ii) Cobes1on tS mom then ldhesion
Show the angle of contact on the slcetchtlS.
A glass tube of sm\\11 diameter ss dipped In a contlll.ner vurtsoally Skctcll the
mercury surface inside aud outs1de tho tube indicatmg the lU!gic of Obtun an
expresslon lot cupillary rlse/dt!pression th!U would lake plae in lerms of densuy
oflsqmd, suTface tension, angle of conlact and localacceleru.tion due to gravity. (10 Mati..J)
b. A cylindricnl shaft of90 mm diamett.'T rotates about a vertical axis roside a fixed cyhndrlcal
lube of length. 0..5 m lilld 95 mm tlillllleter lf the space between tube: and the shaft 1s
filled by u lubricant of 0.2 Pa.s, determino required lo ovcrco.me viso)us
resistance when the sbatl isl'Olaied at u speedof240tpm. (10 ll-1aoks)
1 a Bllplain clearly how the rnnguitudc tWd dsrecuon of rosuliant hydrostatic fmce on " curved
surface JS determined. (10
h. A hydrometer showh in flsg.Q2(b) is to be used to detem1inc rc:tahvc uf different
liqmds. It hal! a mass ofZOg. The a:xtcmal stem diameter JS 5 rnm. FlnJ I he ds5tance llctweeu
U1e tnarkings corresjl('ndil'lg to the fullnwingrelalivt densities
1) 1.0 and 0.95: if) 1.0 und 1.05. {Ill \Lub}
FJg.Q.2(b).
3 11. Define metaccnqic height of a Oonting body. Obtain an ex-ptessio.u for Ul.etac.'nt.ric height of
11 floatlA& body in tams of second moment of aren of rts at wo!I'Jr :mrfa.?C. submerged
volume distance bet\Veen centre of gravity And centre of buoyancy nftbc: floaung body.
(IO ,\'lark$)
b. If pipe shown in Flg.Q.3(b) water 11nd tht.'tC " no !lo1v, calculate the vuluc tlf
numomoter reading h, If mru:wmctor reading h =SO mm when l!o"111g IIJTuugh !11"
pipe, calculate the pressll!f' dincrence 1'" P
8
ll1 kPa. < 10

Pig.Q.J(b).
I of2
a
-----n1f1'i brltt]

ME45
4 a. Scate cbe conMuity pnnciplc. Deme dJmensional continucly equatiollll Ill ..UOerentutl
limn tor o genCll'll.l fluid flow situntton. Simplify ic to cwo dimenstonal steady,
tncompresstble flow and one dimenstonal unstctdy flow cases. (JO Mrk.s)
b For a two dimensional flow, tbe stream function is given by ljl"" 2xy. Calculate uu: velocity
cmnponents 111 a point (3, 6). Show that nlecity potential exists for t1ns case. Der<::mtinc the
veloclry potential lunctiou. (10 Mark&)
5 a. State Buckingham 1t theorem. The input of a cc,mtrl.tbgal p1.unp is founcl to depend on
tliomctw- of impeller D, discharge Q, density of liq'l.l.id p, rotationnl speed N, and specific
energy of liquid gf-1. Using Buckingham 1t theltrem, obrain the wlevan.tlt terms governing
the pumping Opct11tion. tl 0 Marks)
b. flows upwaids n tapered pipe as thown in Pi,g.Q.S(b). Fmd tho magmmde md
d1reclion of 1lefiection n of'tlle differential merctuy llltUI.om'eter corresponding to a tlischarge
of 0.12m
3
fs, '!'he t'liction 10 the pipe <llln be: completely neglt:cted, IIU M.trksJ
..


() n. Dcnve an cxprcssim1 for discharge through u V notch. till Marl.>)
b. A large tank has u vertical pipe 0. 7 rn 1ong ard 20 mm diametcr connected to llic l.lottom.
The lanlc, contains oil of density 920 k.glm! nnd viscosity 0.15 Pa.s. Find lbe discbargc
lhrough the tube \Vllen Ule height of oil level of the tanlc is 0.8 Ol b.bovc the pipe inlet. nw
flow is larmnur and friction factor is given by !!.. where Re is the fio\V Reynolds numbe-r
1\t
(I 0 l\11or kJ)
7 11 ObtAin an for nuliuJ velocity in a fully developed laminar flow
through a ho-rizontal round pipe aml h.enCil show thllt dlscn!l!ge Q through lliiS pipe is given
by Q nD" dp where lip i$ the pressure godient D Is the diameter and Jl ls the VISCOSIY
1281' dl: llx
of oll flowing ilirough. the pipe nmJ (tO Mnrkw\
h Oufine LLfi ru1d Dmg. DistinguiSh between skin tncoun drag WJd tunn dmg
1\ television transmitter untennu consists 11f u vertical pipe 0.2 m diru:rwtQr and 30 m high llll
top of t1 taU structure. Determme the toful force on the anceruw tn a 30 mls wmd
Density of air is 1.22 .kym
3
and viscosity of air is 17.9 llfu.s. Take coe(licient of drag \Ill
0.2. (US \ftsV)
I) .a lhc vcli>dty profile ib a laminar boundluy layer: is by purabOlil: fl' (>file
f-{f )-(fJ' where u is vek>city nl y lUlU u -> U as y I>. Calculate the
and the momentum thickness 6. (LU
b Define mach ntunber. Show that speed of propaglltion of a pressure distW'banc:e in 11
comprtlSaible fluid e" @!. For <ioe dimensional flow of gases, write
'{dj;
doWn. the continuity equation an<lequ11tion of motion and show that ciA .. dU

t)
A U
(10 l'>brlsJ
* ....
2of2

;l'
06ME46B
Fourtb Semester B. E. Degree Exami na ti o n, Dec 08 /. ran 09
Fluid Mechanics
Time 1 hrs. Max Marks: I 00
Nojc-.: FIVE full qmslions, .\e/ectinf,f ttfll'tiSf TWO
que,\timH from eaclt purl.
J>AR"I -A
1 a Oiftcn:ntiatc bctw.:cn : i) l\c,\1onian and fluids. ii) ldt:'JI and Real
tlutd: iii) D)namic and KincmalJc 'iscosity of llwJs iv) Vapour and
caHtallllll (08
b. an expression for capillary nse in water Mnrk))
c. A bluck of sides I rn ant.l weighing 350N slides dov:n an inclim:d plane \\lth
unill>rm vvlocity of 1.5 m/s. lllc inclined plane is lal\1 on a slope ot 5 wrtical to 12
horiz\mtal and has an oi l lilm ol t Omm C'akul11lc the dynamic viscosi ty ol dl
(OH Mark')
2 .1. l'w\c that the centre of pn:ssurc lies bdo\\ the ccmrc of gril\ ity or a tmmcrscd
pl.tnc in a static lluid (08 lllurkl
b. \n 111\'crtc-d L - tube manometer is connected to two horizontal pipes \ and U through
whtch water is flowing. 11tc vertical distance between the axes of lhesc ptpes JS 10cm.
un ml (S = 0.8) is uscd ll!i u gauge Jluid, the vertical height of wat.:r in the
two lrmhs of the inverted manometer (when the respective ccntr<.: lmcs of
lhl.' pipes) urc found to be sam<' ami equal to J'icrn. Dct.:rmine the difference ttl pressure
b.:t\Wl'll the pipes. Pipe B b lying heltl\\ the pipe 1\ (08 Mrk>l
c. ,, mctalltl body floats at llH: mtcrface of mere Ill') (.;; 11.6) and water such that 30% nltts
\Ohtntc is submc:rged in mercury and remaining in \\.!fer. Estimate the of the metal
(IIJ
J o Pmvc that the equipotcnllallincs Jnd lhc str.:am lines arc ulways intersect orthugnnall)
(06 M.ork.<)
b. Oivcn th<.: \'Ciocity field, V '),
1
1 15x
2
yj, obtamthc cttuuti on or the streaml ines. For the
g1wn velocity [icld, dtcd lor the continwty and irrotutionality. (OH '11ork.>)
3 \ l )'
c llw,clocttypotcntial fwtction ts ghen bylheexpressiun, 41=-- '<)
3
. + y
2
3
1) ltnd the \ciOCttJ componc:nts 10 x and y din:dion\.
11) Shu\\ that 4! repre!'ents a possible case of flo\\. (06 lllurk.>)
4 a. What 110 you mean by i) Gcomctne similanty ti} Kinematic similarity tii) Dynamic
slmtlttrity iv) Dimensional homogeneity. (04 Mnr ks)
b The thntst (I') of a propeller is to depend on the .axial velocity of the lluid (V}, the
II) (fl) and viscosity (!L) nf ll uid. lhe rotational speed (N) rpm. and the dinmctcr nf the
pmpcllcr (1)), rind the li'>r ' I by using dimcnsiomd analysis. (10 Mnrk.s)
c. A m1>1.kl of an air duct opcmting with water produce:; a pressure drop of 101..1'\/m' O\Cr
10m 'length. If the scale rauo 1/50. pw- 1000 kg. 'm\ Po o: J.2 kgtm
3
and ltv. = 0 001 P.-s.
0.00002 P, s. estimate the C<>rrespooding pre<:surc drop in a 20m long air duct
(06 Mnrk>)
I of1


S a. Denvc Puler's equation of motion along o stream line and htncc obtain the Hemoullt's
equation lilr incompressible fluids. (06
b. Using the t:quution of motion, derive the cquution for a compressible
llurd under goinl' i) Isothermal process nmJ ii) l\diabat1c process. (06 \lurkl
c A cunical tub.: is lhed v enicall) Mlh small end V clucity of flow down the
tube Ill 4. 5m/s at the upper end and I Sm!s at the lower em!. 'I ub..: is 1.5m long and the
pressure at the upper end is 24 3 (ah) Loss in the tub.: exprcs-.cd as h.:.tJ is
0.3 (V
1
\, )
2
/2K wh<:n' V 1 ;md Vl arc the vducities of fluid !S CUi) flow at upp.:r
and lower ends n.;spccltvcly. What ts the head at the lower cnJ'!
(, a. Dcri\c <Ul lor the actual dbchargc through orili.::e meter (OS M""'''l
b Water is IL' bt supplied Ill a 1m1n inhabitants 111<' reservoir is 6.4 km away from
the 1111\U and the lvss of head du.: I> " measured as I Cakulate the sue vf the
supply mam if C.ll'h inhabitant I RCI of water pet di!y and half o!' the dati)'
suppl) ts pump.:d is II hour Take the: v:ocllicienl of fricttvn for the pipe, f 0.0075.
(00
c. t\ vcnmrimc:tcr is to f,.: mstall<!d tn .1 I Rlhnrn ptpcline hurt/llnt;sll} ,11 a the
pressure is 110 ld'a (gauge). II tlw mJ.xnnum flow rate of wotcr 111 the pipets 0

find the knst dUUill'lcr or the Lhn>al so I hat the nl I he thl'llitl nnt Iilii hcl(lw 1!0
kPu (vm:uum). \ssume Lhat4% of head ts lost b<.:lw.:cn mlct und th,.throal
(06 \flrt.l
7 a Hagen Pois.:uille equation for n lmnin:u llow in a circular tuhc. 1 Ill \l.rl..l
b \Vater at I S"C' tlow' between two larJ!c parallel at a J.stancc of 1.6mm apan
IJeterminc t) the maximum veh>cil} ii) pressure drop per unu length and iii) shc.tr
'tr.:ss "' the I\ ails ol the plates il the velocity is 0.:! m/s. The viscosity of water Jt
15
11
C ts gil'<:ll 0.0 I poise. ( 10
H u. We know that tht \docity of sound wme is the square rum of the ratio of change (}l
prcssur.: tu lht: L'hllng.: ofdensily 111'a llutd lJsing this detitllll\!11 J.:nvc the li1
a \do.:ity of sound 10 a compressible lluid 1\ hco it 11 t) lsotl1rrmal and
11) Rcversiblt' (lk> 1\brl.')
b. Define th<: lolltl\\ ing and write their .
t) Drag
i 1 l I 111
iti) thickness
tV) M(lmcnttun tlsickness. (0< M1u k,l
c. A man tn th.: grouml from nn ucroplane with the hdp ol u pamchute whtch is
a diameter ol the resislllncc ol air with a unifonn vdvo.tt)
of 25nt's. FtnJ I he weii!ht of man i I the 1\ciehl of 9.li IN Jake Lll 11.6
06ME46B
Fourth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Dec.09-Jan.10
Fluid Mechanics
Time: 3 hrs.
Note: Answer any FIVE full questions, selecting
at least TWO questions from each part.
PART-A
1 a. Distinguish between :
i) Mass density and specific weight
ii) Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid
Max. Marks: 100
iii) Absolute and Kinematic viscosity. (06 Marks)
b. An oil film of thickness 2mm is used for lubrication between a square plate of size
0.9m x 0.9m on an inclined plane having an angle of inclination 30. The weight of the
square plate is 350N and it slides down the plane with a uniform velocity of 0.3m/sec. Find
the viscosity oftheoil in poise. (06 Marks)
c. Establish a relationship among absolute, gauge and atmospheric pressures with a simple
sketch. (03 Marks)
d. AU-tube manometer containingmercury is connected to a pipe in which water is flowing.
Water lend in the limb connected to pipe is 0.5m below centre of the pipe and the. free
surface mercury in the other limb (open to atmosphere) is 0.8m below the ceritre of the pipe,
Calculate.the pressure of water in the pipe. (05 Marks)
2 a. Define the terms :
i) Total pressure ii) Centre of pressure (04 Marks)
b. An annular plate 3m external diameter and 1.5m internal diameter is immersed in water with
its greatest and least depths below water surface at 3.6m and 1.2m respectively. Determine
the total pressure and the position of centre of pressure on one face of the plate. (08 Marks)
c. A solid cylinder 15cm diameter and 60cm long consists of two parts made of different
materials. The first part at the base is 1.2cm long and of specific gravity 5. The other part of
the cylinder is made ofthe material having specific gravity 0.6. State if it can float vertically
in water. (08 Marks)
3 a. Distinguish between :
i) Steady and un-steady flow
ii) Uniform and non-uniform flow
iii) Laminar and turbulent flow. (06 Marks)
b. Derive an expression for continuity equation for a three dimensional flow. (OS Marks)
c. If for a two dimensional potential flow, the velocity potential is given by ~ = 4x(3y- 4),
determine the velocity at the point (2, 3). Determine also the value of stream function 'I' at
the point (2, 3). (06 Marks)
4 a. State Buckingham's n theorem. Why this theorem is considered superior over the Rayleigh's
method for dimensional analysis? (05 Marks)
1 of2
06ME46B
b. Assuming that the rate of discharge Q of a centrifugal pump is dependent upon the mass
density p of fluid, pump speed N(rpm), the diameter of the impellor D, the pressure P and
the viscosity of the fluid J.l. Show using the Buckingham's theorm that, the discharge can be
represented by
}(p:D' )]
(10 Marks)
c. What is meant by geometric, kinematic and dynamic similarities? (OS Marks)
PART-B
5 a. Define Euler's equation of motion. Deduce Bernoulli's equation from the same. (08 Marks)
b. A pipe line carrying oil of specific gravity 0.8 changes in diameter from 300mm at position
A to 500mm diameter at position B which is 5m at a higher level. If the pressure at A and B
are 20N/cm
2
and 15N/cm
2
respectively and discharge is 150 litres/sec, determine the loss of
head and direction of flow. (06 Marks)
c. A horizontal venturimeter with inlet diameter 20cm and throat diameter 1 Ocm is used to
measure the flow of water. The pressure at the inlet is 17.658N/cm
2
and the vacuum pressure
at the throat is 30cm of mercury. Find the discharge of water through the venturimeter. Take
Cd = 0.98. (06 Marks)
6 a. What are the energy losses that occur in pipes? Derive an expression for loss of head due to
friction in pipes. (08Marks)
b. A pipe of dia 30cm and length 1 OOOm connects two reservoirs having difference of water
levels as 15m. Determine the discharge through the pipe. If an additional pipe of diameter
30cm and length 600m is attached to the last 600m length, find the increase in discharge.
Take f = 0.02 and neglect minor losses. (08 Marks)
Write a note on Hydraulic gradient and total energy lines. (04 Marks)
c.
7 a. Sketch the velocity and shear stress distribution across the section of the pipe for viscous
flow through it. (04 Marks)
b. Derive Hagen-Poiseuille equation with usual notations. (08 Marks)
c. An oil of viscosity 0.1Ns/m
2
and relative density 0.9 is flowing through a circular pipe of
diameter 50mm and length 300m. The rate of flow of fluid through the pipe is 3.5 litres/sec.
Find the pressure drop in a length of 300m and also the shear stress at the pipe wall.
(08Marks
8 a. Define the terms :
i) Boundary layer ii) Boundary layer thickness iii) Drag
iv) Life v) Momentum thickness. (10 Marks)
b. Define the terms : sub sonic flow, sonic flow and supersonic flow. (06 Marks)
c. An aeroplane is flying at a height of 15km where the temperature is -50C. The speed of the
plane is corresponding to M = 2.0. Assuming K = 1.4 and R = 287J/kgK, find the speed of
the plane. (04 Marks)
* * * * *



USN I I I I I I I I I I I
06ME46B
Fourth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, June-July 2009
Fluid Mechanics
Time: 3 b.rs. ll.tax. Marks: I 00
Note: any FlVE full que.lfimu clwosing at leflst two
que.\1/on.\ from eocfl unit.
f>AHT- A
a. Give reasons
1) Y1scus1ty of liquids with temperature.
n) 11un obJects Ooat on free surface of static liqu1d.
Iii) bc1gh1 detcrmmc;. stabtlity ot floatmg body.
iv) R1sc of wato.:r m a Calil.ary tube
v) Mercury 1s used as Muromctnc liquid. <115
b. Deline followmg ICI111S wnh thctr tmlls.
i) Src..:ific \\etght , 1i) 1\.mcmalit: \'ISC<>slly Iii) Surlhcc
1v) Specific gravity ; v) Capillanty (OS Mill""-')
c. The space between twu square flat parallel is filled with o1L l:!ucb side of the plates is
800 m111. lluckness nf the oil lilm is 20 mm The uppt:r plate at a unilom1 velocity of
.32 mh.cc a ltlrcc of 50 N appltcd to upper plate. Dctenmnc
i) Shear stn:ss
11) Dynamic VJSCISity of oil in pmse
ii1) Power absorbed 111 the plate
1v) viscosity of 011 if gravity of oil 0.90. (10 l\lark>l
2 a. State and prove Hydrostallc law (115 Markl
b. Wnh neat sketch, explrun of riiflereotinl u Tube Mllnumeter and relation for
measuring pressure difference bctWC\.'11 two p1pcs. (OS Marlu}
c. i\ wooden bi!ICk of size 6rn )( Sm X 3m height floall> 10 freshwater Find the depth or
unmenuon and detcnnine the metacentric hc1ghl Spcctl'y gmvlly of wuod ts 0.70 Find lhc
volume of concrctl! hlnck place:! on the woudcn block, so as to comrletcly subm:rrgc thl!
wooden m water Take spcc1fic grJVtly of concrete J.O t U \1ark.\)
3 a. Explam experimental procedure to delerrninc the metacentric height uf a flounng vessel
(().11\Jrk<)
b. Dcnvc conllmmy equation fur a three flUid flow m t'flrtcsnul co-nrdmutcs.
(08 Mark)
c: Velocity potcntml fum:twn fur n two tluid fl<m is given by = x(2y -I)
Cht..'ck the c!tistence llf flow. Dclermmc tho velocity uf flow at a P(2.3) and the stream
function. (08
4 a. Show that streamlllu.:s and equipotential hnes are ortbOI,.'Onalto each othL'T \lorhl
b. Explrun Model Similitude and NondllnCII>iunal numbers (05 \lark\1
L The pressure dlftcrl!l'ltc 6p fur a flow 111 a p1pc depends upon the diameter of lhc:
pipe 'D ', length of pipe 'L'. velocity of flow 'V', VISCosity of fluid p and tl1c density of nutd
'p' Ustng Buckingham's theorem. show that the: relation for prcssun: d1ffcrcnce D.p IS g1vcn
by D.p = pV
2
t{ (10 Mark')

5 a. State and prove Bernoulli's equation for a lluid flow. Mention assumptions made m
derivation. (10 Marks)
b. Water is now ing through a taper pipe oflength 150m, having diameter 500 mm at the upper
cod and 250 mm at the lower end. Rate of llow is 70 liters per sec. The pipeline has a slope
of I in 30. Find the pressure al (he lower end if the pressure at higher level is 2.5 bar.
(10 Marks)
6 a. Explain with neat sketch, working of pilot-static tube. (OS Marks)
b. Dlfferentiale between Orificemeter and venturimeter with neat sketches. (OS MMks)
c. A horizontal vcntunmcter with 50cm diameter at inlet and 20cm throat diameter is used for
measuring rate of water flow, if the pressure at inlet 1.8 Bar and vaccum pressure at the
throat is 30cm of mercury, fmd the rate of flow. Assume I 0% differential pressure head is
lost between the inlet :lnd throat section. Assume coefficient of discharge is 0.96. (10 Mark8)
7 a. Derive Hagen-poiseulle's equation for viscous llow through a circular pipe. (10
b. Rate of water flow through a horizontal pipe is 0.030 m
3
/sec. Length ofplpe is 1000 meters.
Diameter of ptpe for first half of length is 200mrn and suddenly changes to 400mrn f01
remairung length. Find the elevatton difference bel ween the two reservoirs connected by the
horizontal pipeline. Take for material of pipeline. (10 Marks)
8 a. Explain terms :
i) Liil
ii) Drag
iii) Dtsplaccment thickness
iv) Momentum thickness (08 Marks)
b. Explain Mach angle and Mach cone. (04 Mark}
c. A projectile travels in air of pressure 15 N/cm
2
at l0C, al a of 1500 kmlhr. Find !he
Ma.ch number and Mach anele. Assmne 1'=1.4 and R=287 J!keQK 108 Muksl
.
<U
u
- -

USN
06ME46B
Fourth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, December 2010
Fluid Mechanics
Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: I 00
1
2
3
4
a.
b.
Note: 1. Answer any FIVE full questions, selecting
at least TWO questions from each part.
2. Assume suitable data, if required .
PART-A
Differentiate between gauge pressure and absolute pressure. Represent positive and negative
gauge pressures on a chart. (03 Marks)
Give reasons for the following :
i) Viscosity changes with temperature rise.
ii) Mercury (Hg) is preferred as a manometric liquid.
iii) Free surface of water in a capillary tube is concave.
iv) Light weight objects can float on the free surface ofliquids.
v) Metacentric height is positive for stable equilibrium of floating bodies. (10 Marks)
c. Derive the relation for capillary rise of water in a glass tube. (03 Marks)
Detennine the
(04 Marks)
d. A liquid bubble of 2cm radius has an internal pressure of 12.95 Pascals.
surface tension of the liquid film.
a. Derive the relations for hydrostatic forces on a curved surface, which is immersed in a liquid
of specific weight 'W'. (06 Marks)
b. With a neat sketch, explain the working of an inverted u- tube manometer. (06 Marks)
c. A wooden block of size 6m x 4m x 2m floats on fresh water. Depth of immersion of the
wooden block is 1.2 m. A concrete block is placed centrally on the surface of the wooden
block, so that,
i) The top surface of the \VOoden block touches the free surface of 'N3.ter
ii) Both wooden block and concrete block submerge completely in water.
Assume specific gravity of concrete = 2.5. Find the volume of the concrete block in each
case. (08 Marks)
a. Derive the continuity equation for a three dimensional flow, in Cartesian co-ordinates.
(08 Marks)
b. Show that the streamlines and equipotential lines are orthogonal to each other. (04 Marks)
c. A stream function represents 2-D fluid flow, 'l' = 2xy. Find the velocity at a point P(3, 4).
Check whether the flow is rotational. Find the velocity potential function ~ - (08 Marks)
a. Mention the applications of model similitude. (02 Marks)
b. Explain the significance of non- dimension numbers.
i) Mach number ; ii) Fronde's number ; iii) Weber number ; iv) Reynolds' number.
(08 Marks)
c. Using Buckingham 1t - theorem, show that the velocity of fluid flow through a circular
~ D f.l
orifice is given by V = -y2gH ~ H, pVH
, where
H =Head of fluid flow

,
f.l = Dynamic viscosity of the fluid
g = gravitational acceleration.

'
D = Diameter of the orifice
p = Density of the fluid .
I of2
(10 Marks)
06ME46B
PART- B
5 a. Derive the Bernoulli's equation for a steady, incompressible fluid flow. List the
assumptions. Mention the significance of each term in Bernoulli's equation. (10 Marks)
b. Pipeline AB carries oil of specific gravity 0.90. Diameter of the pipe at A is 250 mm and
that at B is 500 mm. End B of the pipe is 6 meters above the end A. The pressure intensities
at A and B are 200 kN/m
2
and 120 kN/m
2
respectively. Discharge of oil is 450 lit/sec.
Detennine : i) Loss of head and ii) Direction of oil flow. (I o Marks)
6 a. Differentiate between a venturimeter and an orificemeter. (04 Marks)
b. A pilot- tube is used for measuring the velocity of air flow through a duct. A u- tube water
manometer shows a deflection of 12 mm of water. If the coefficient ofpitot tube is 0.98, find
velocity of air flow and mass flow rate of air. Assume specific weight of air as I 0 N/m
3
Diameter of the duct is 500 mm. (06 Marks)
c. Oil of specific gravity 0.90 flows through an inclined venturimeter. Inlet and throat
diameters are 30 em and 15cm respectively and the throat is 30cm above the inlet section.
Pressure intensity at the inlet is !50 kPa and deflection in mercury manometer is 25 em.
Detennine the rate of oil flow in Its/sec and also the pressure intensity at the throat. Assume
Cct = 0.98 for the venturimcter.
(10 Marks)
7 a. Derive a relation for the discharge through a circular pipe of diameter D, for the viscous
flow. (08 Marks)
b. A 100 meters long pipeline connects two reservoirs. The difference in waterlevels is
15 meters. The pipeline has two equal sections of 50 meters each. Diameters of first and
second sections are 25 mm and 50 mm respectively. If the friction coefficient of pipe
material is 0.005, determine the velocity of water flow through the two sections and the rate
of water f1ow in litres/sec. Represent TEL and HGL. (12 Marks)
a. Define drag force and lift force. (04 Marks)
b. Define and explain :
i) Boundary layer thickness
ii) Mach cone, Mach angle
iii) Subsonic !low. (08 Marks)
c. A projectile travels in air of pressure 1.01 x I 0
5
N/m
2
at 10C. Speed of projectile is
1500 km/hour. Determine the Mach number and the Mach angle. Assume k = 1.4 and
R = 287 J/kg k. (08 Marks)
* * * * *