Land and its resources 1 The diagram shows an experiment to investigate the reaction between pieces of egg shell

and dilute sulphuric acid.

What are the products of the reaction? A B C D Calcium oxide + carbon dioxide Calcium carbonate + carbon dioxide Calcium sulphate + carbon dioxide + water Calcium hydroxide + carbon dioxide + water PMR 2004 2 The table shows the information obtained from the steps of petroleum distillation. Temperature Below 800C 810C 1800C 1810C 2500C More than 2500C Colour after distillation Colourless Light yellow Yellow Brown Viscosity Very low viscosity Low viscosity Viscous Very viscous Colour of flame Blue Orange Yellow Red Soot quantity None A little A large amount A very large amount

Which of the following best explains the product of petroleum distillation? A B C D The higher the boiling point, the lower the viscosity The higher the boiling point, the more soot is produced The higher the boiling point, the more complete is the burning The higher the boiling point, the paler the colour of the distillate PMR 2005

Which of the following situations will produce a compound?

PMR 2006 4 Diagram 20 shows P, Q and R using the products of petroleum.

Diagram 20 Which of the following shows the correct petroleum products used by P, Q and R? A B C D P Fuel oil Diesel Kerosene Fuel oil Q Diesel Kerosene Fuel oil Kerosene R Kerosene Fuel oil Diesel Diesel PMR 2007

Diagram 18 shows the apparatus set-up to investigate the properties of compound Q. The gas released turns the lime water chalky.

Diagram 18 What is compound Q? A B C D Copper oxide Lead sulphide Silicon dioxide. Calcium carbonate. PMR 2008

Paper 2 1 Figure 1 shows an experiment to study the reaction between iron filings and oxygen. (PMR 2004)

Figure 1 (a) (i) What can you observe happening to the iron filings during the reaction? . . . ( 1 mark ) (ii) Give one reason for your observation in (a) (i) ... ( 1 mark ) (b) Write the word equation for the reaction. + ( 1 mark ) (c) The iron filings in the experiment is then replaced with copper powder. Write the word equation for the reaction. + ( 1 mark)

Diagram 3 shows the apparatus set-up to study the effect of heat on calcium carbonate. (PMR 2007) Calcium carbonate

Diagram 3

(a) (i) What is liquid W?

. ( 1 mark ) (ii) What can be observed happening to liquid W at the end of this experiment? ( 1 mark ) (b) Complete the word equation for this reaction. Calcium Carbonate Heated + ( 1 mark )

(c) What conclusion can be made from this study?

. . ( 1 mark )

(d) Suggest how slaked lime can be formed from pieces of sea shells.
.. .. .. ( 2 marks )

(a) Diagram 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3 show the formation of petroleum. (PMR 2008)

Diagram 5.1

Diagram 5.2

Diagram 5.3 Explain the formation of petroleum shown in diagram 5.1 and diagram 5.2. Diagram 5.1 . . Diagram 5.2 .. .. ( 2 marks)

(b) Diagram 5.4 shows the apparatus set-up to investigate the separation of petroleum into
four different fractions. Table 5.5 shows the observations during the process.

Diagram 5.4 Distillate Fraction 1 Fraction 2 Fraction 3 Fraction 4 Boiling point 30 C 80 C 81 C 120 C 121 C 160 C 161 C 200 C Colour of fractions Clear Light yellow Yellow Brown Table 5.5 Based on the observations stated in Table 5.5: (i) State the relationship between the boiling point and the colour of the fraction. . ( 1 mark ) (ii) State the relationship between the boiling point and the viscosity of the fractions. . . ( 1 mark ) (iii) State one use of fraction 1. ( 1 mark ) Viscosity of fractions Non viscous Non viscous Slightly viscous Viscous

(c) The natural fuel resources in Malaysia are limited and non-renewable. We need to conserve them. Suggest two ways of using natural resources efficiently in the industrial sector. (i) (ii) ( 2 marks ) (d) Bitumen is one of the petroleum fractions. State how bitumen can be produced. ( 1 mark )

Land and Its Resourcers Paper 1 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D

Paper 2 No. 1 Answer a. (i) Iron filling burn very brightly. (ii) Iron filings react with oxygen. b. c. Iron Copper + + Oxygen Oxygen Iron oxide Copper oxide

a. (i) Lime water (ii) Lime water/Liquid W turns chalky b. Calcium carbonate Heated Calcium oxide + Carbon dioxide

c. Calcium carbonate when heated releases carbon dioxide that turns the lime water chalky. d. By heating the sea shell strongly and then pour few drops of water to it. 3 a. Diagram 5.1: Remains of creatures buried under mud and sand. Diagram 5.2: High pressure and heat slowly changed the mud and sand into rocks. b. (i) As the boiling of fraction increases the colour of the fraction becomes darker. (ii) As the boiling of fraction increases the viscosity of the fraction increases (iii) Fuel for car c. 1. Use machine which consume less fuel.

2. Use recycle things such as aluminium cans, iron articles and bottles. d. Bitumen is produced through fractional distillation at the temperature more than 350C.