POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES GRADUATE SCHOOL M.H. Del Pilar Campus, Valencia St., corner R. Magsaysay Blvd.

Sta. Mesa, Manila

PARTS OF RESEARCH CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM and ITS BACKGROUND ____________________

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject Research Seminar 1

____________________

Submitted by: ANALYN E. CABRERA January 26, 2013

Submitted to: DR. VIRGINIA FERMIN Class Instructor

CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM and ITS BACKGROUND PARTS OF CHAPTER 1 o Introduction o Background of the Study o Rationale o Conceptual Framework o Theoretical Framework o Objectives of the Study General Objective Specific Objective

o Statement of the Problem o Hypothesis / Assumption o Scope o Delimitation / Limitation o Importance of the Study/ Significance of the Study o Definition of terms

 INTRODUCTION The introduction starts with a broad basis and then narrows it down to your particular field of study, explaining the rationale behind each step. Think of it as an inverted pyramid, where you start with a wide overview but move towards the thesis statement or hypothesis, which should be the final element of the introduction. In the introduction, you are attempting to inform the reader about the rationale behind the work, justifying why your work is an essential component of research in the field. The introduction does not have a strict word limit, unlike the abstract, but it should be as concise as possible. It can be a tricky part of the paper to write, so many scientists and researchers prefer to write it last, ensuring that they miss no major points.

TIPS IN WRITING THE INTRODUCTION You can describe the problem situation considering global, national and local forces. State the specific problem. Justify the existence of the problem situation by citing trusted data and sources. You can also tell your desire to discover something that will help.

Macro to micro. Regarding to your topic, start discussing about what is happening recently. Little by little, drive your idea closer to your study. (What is the specific problem?) Then make a clinching statement that will relate the background to the proposed research problem. NOTES: Some Introduction can be a combination of the Introduction, Background of the Study and Rationale. Introductions usually are one to two pages of your thesis or research paper.

 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY This section, comprising the first paragraphs of your introduction, can be based around a historical narrative, from the very first research in the field to the current day. This must include some of the past study that is currently connected to you topic or study. In many fields, this could make up an entire essay in itself, so you have to stick to relevant information. RATIONALE A rationale statement is a formal description to your reader, about your research topic and the reasons for choosing the Topic/Problem /study. In your rationale statement, you should have a brief reflection on your research problem and its significance as a worth-while study issue, problem or topic. The rationale statement should give clarity to the reasons for the topic or the research problem. This helps the reader understand why you chose the research problem.

 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK It is the researchers own position on the problem and gives direction to the study. It may be an adaptation of a model used in a previous study, with modifications to suit the inquiry. Aside from showing the direction of the study, through the conceptual framework, the researcher can be able to show the relationships of the different constructs that he wants to investigate. TIPS IN WRITING CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK In Conceptual Framework, the researchers will identify and discuss the variables related to the problem. The I-P-O (Input-Process-Output) will be shown here. It is

the schematic diagram of the paradigm of the research. The I-P-O diagram will show the relationship of the elements/variables therein.

 THE INTRODUCTION THESIS TITLE: CHINESE INVESTMENT IN AFRICA AN IMPERICAL ANALYSIS SOURCE:http://www.ivythesis.com/samples/Chinese%20Investment%20in%20A frica%20-%20An%20Empirical%20Analysis.htm Introduction Throughout the years, the rising financial, political, and financial portfolio of Peoples Republic of China in the African region has been considered by many scholars and influential studies. Since China is in need of new energy and raw materials sources to fuel its fast developing economy (CCS, 2006), they found African region to be an important place to find such needs. Accordingly, Chinese strategists and leaders perceived Chinas historical experiences and growth model powerfully resonate with African counterparts, which enable them to establish comparative advantage from the Western region (Gill, Huang & Morrison, 2006). Furthermore, Chinese investors also believed that African region is on the verge of a developmental blast-off. With the growing investments of China in African region, there are growing issues on the possible effect of China to the region or vice versa. In this regard, the main goal of this dissertation is to evaluate the impact of Chinese investments in Africa. In this paper, the researcher would also attempt to determine the policy changes made by Africa to adhere to the development brought by the Chinese investments.

 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY THESIS TITLE: CHINESE INVESTMENT IN AFRICA AN IMPERICAL ANALYSIS SOURCE:http://www.ivythesis.com/samples/Chinese%20Investment%20in%20A frica%20-%20An%20Empirical%20Analysis.htm Background of the Study The fast economic development of Peoples Republic of China in the past 20 years, averaging 8% annually, has major impact for the growth and development of the world economy. With this, the entrants of Chinese investments to Africa are also said to have an implications in African region. The Strategic interests Chinas part also motivates and triggers foreign direct investment flows, with relative impact for African region. The Chinese authorities have clearly expressed their objective of safeguarding energy and raw material resources in African region high on their lists (Hale, 2005; Zweig & Jianhai, 2005). To achieve their main goal, the government of China has been able to identify list o f nations and resources in which their investment is eligible for government subsidies. Previous studies have mentioned that Chinese government has been able to take advantage of gaps wherein target nations have been marginalised by developed and industrialised regions and major multinational corporations (Vines, 2006).

Since, China has found the value of African region to provide for their needs, the China-Africa Cooperation Forum was formulated in 2000 to endorse Chinese investments and trade in their chosen African nations (Lihua, 2006). In year 2003, Chinese Prime Minister Wen has visited some African nations, particularly oil produces. In the first quarter of 2006, the government issued a regulation on Chinas Africa Policy that sets out wider principle of integration in the aspects of international fora, political, cultural and economic interests as well as social security and exchange (Lihua, 2006). The Chinese interest in the energy and other raw materials in Africa have led authors to focus the significance of African nations negotiating arrangement (Alden, 2005). With the growing literature of the benefits of China and its economy with investments in Africa, there are only few studies which really highlight the impact of Chinese investments to African region. With the continuous entrants of Chinese investments in African nations, it is essential to discuss the impact of Chinese investment to Africa.

 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK THESIS TITLE: CHINESE INVESTMENT IN AFRICA AN IMPERICAL ANALYSIS SOURCE:http://www.ivythesis.com/samples/Chinese%20Investment%20in%20A frica%20-%20An%20Empirical%20Analysis.htm SAMPLE OF AN INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT (I-P-O) PARADIGM: INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT