Place \ Al Shatby students Hospital

Supervised and reviewed by\ Dr.Prof. Galila Yaqout

Introduced by \ Ahmed Salah Mohammed Roushdy

Last term Deploma student 2008 \ 2009
 CBC (Automated)complete blood count)

Blood sample taken (1ml blood+50 micron EDTA)

Put in simple mixer then to blood coulter which count blood
components as follows)look chart.

This analysis detect hemolytic blood desieses and leukemia,,,etc

ESR
To detect any type of inflammation in the body
The blood sample taken on Na citrate (1.6 ml blood+.4 micron Na
citrate)

 NP:for liver and kidney function tests

,hormones,chemicals,viruses..serum is used for analysis(no
anticoagulant added).
 Kidney function tests(Na+ ,k +,Urea,Uric acid,creatinine).
 Bones tests( Uric acid,Ca,Ca++,CRP,ESR)
 Liver function tests( SGPT,SGOT,PT,Albumin, ).
 Heart function tests( CrKmb,Creatinine kinase,LDH,TG)

PT
Used for cardiac ,liver functions ,platelets , hemophylia
Plasma is used
Normal 11—14 may increase incase of liver cirhossis or anticoagulant
drug intake like ( marivan , vixam , heparine )
No problem if decreased
ELISA
Check the antibodies formed by the immune system against certain type
of viruses (sandwitch assay) this technique shows the Ab formed not the
virus,,if this assay gives +Ve so PCR required to check the virus load.
And direct assay used in case of tumor markers CEA(carcino
embryonic antigin) which is nonspecific for any type but it appear when
any type of cancer exist, PSA(prostate specific antigen which is secreted
normaly by the prostate but increase in case of prostate cancer.
Each type has its own kit and reagents.
 LATEX

Used for rheumatoid , serum reactive proteins, streptolycine , vedal ,

ASCOT , Brocella ,RF

Urine analysis

Sample must be fresh and kept in plastic container ,, person must get
cleaned before giving the sample to avoid contamination specially
females.
Check the (PH, Glucose , Protien ,Acetone , Bilirubin )using tapes
which gives color indicating the presence of each of the upnormal
constituents.
Fehling test used for glucose ,,iodine test for bilirubin ,,boiling test for
proteins.
Part of the sample taken and centrifuged for microscope analysis,take
the resedue after centrifuge and put on microscopic film.

Ca oxalate (kidney stones) amorphous phosphate

Appear in alkaline urine

Amorphous urate
(appear n acidic urine) triple phosphate(alkaline)
uric acid crystals amorphous triple phosphate
(gout)

Cell culture for urine

Mid stream sample required, ,centrifuge------take the ppt and make

culture on mackonky or blood agar.

Gram +ve and gram –ve bacterial cell culture

Gram –ve gram +ve

pseudomonas (culture)

Pseudomonas(microscope)
Sensitivity test for bacterial culture

This step required to choose the best antibiotic for the type of bacteria
to give the right medicine.
The one who shows larger free diameter around the antibiotic is the best
choice

Sensitivity test

Other upnormal constituents found in urine

RBC’s

Maybe found normaly or due to lesions in urinary tract or prostate

inflammation
WBC’s

Maybe found due to inflammation in bladder or kidney or urinary tract