U.S. & China Seismic Codes Comparison

U.S.
& China Seismic Codes Comparison

Tom Xia, PhD, P.E., S.E. DCI Engineers, Inc.
2008 Wenchuan Earthquake - SEAW/UW Reconnaissance Team - University of Washington, October 22, 2008
Design Code Comparison
Code for Seismic Design of Buildings CSDB (1989 and 2001 Edition) Uniform Building Code UBC (1997) International Building Code ASCE 7-05
Under Code for Seismic Design of Buildings (CSDB) Seismic Zones are divided into 6 7 8 and 9 6, 7, 8, They are based on the modified MarcellaRichter intensity scale. They are similar to UBC seismic zones 1,2, 3, and 4. Under both d U d b th codes, th d i b i ground the design basic d motion has a 10% chance of being exceed in 50 years.
Design Basic Ground Acceleration
CSDB Seismic Zone
7a
7b
8a
8b
UBC Seismic Zone
2A
2B
CSDB Ground Acceleration UBC Ground Acceleration (Ca)
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.075
0.15
0.2
0.3
0.4

Fault Line
USGS Population Exposure Summary
0.56 g
0.65 g
0.82 g
0.14 g
Maximum Design Response Acceleration
CSDB S i i Z Seismic Zone
7a 7
7b
8a 8
8b
Elastic Design CSDB Values for Frequent Event 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.24 0.32
g Inelastic Design CSDB Values for Rare Event 0.5 0.72 0.9 1.2 1.4
Maximum Design Response Acceleration

1997 UBC Seismic Zone Elastic Design 1 2A 2B 3 4
UBC Ca/R (Bearing Wall, R=4.5)
0.06
0.08
0.11
0.17
0.22
Inelastic Design UBC 2.5 Ca Value 0.25 0.375 0.5 0.75 1
0.9 amax
( (0.9amax)Tg/T ) g 0.45 amax
0.1
Tg
0.9 amax SDS
( (0.9amax)Tg/T ) g 0.45 amax SD1 SD1/T
0.1
Tg
Under UBC and ASCE 7 The ductility factor, R, depends on the lateral force resisting system (LFRS) used for a structure. The maximum response acceleration is reduced by R factor to determine the maximum (elastic) design base shear
Under CSDB Maximum response acceleration is given for both elastic and inelastic design. The ratio of inelastic to the elastic response varies, depending on the seismic zone a structure is in. It has nothing to do with the LFRS of a building.
Maximum Design Response Acceleration (g)
CSDB Seismic Zone
7a
7b
8a
8b
Elastic Design CSDB Values for Frequent Event Inelastic Design (Ratio) CSDB Values for Rare Event
0.04 0 04
0.08
0.12 0 12
0.16 0 16
0.24 0 24
0.32 0 32
(6.25)
(6.0)
(5.625)
(5.0)
(4.375)
0.5
0.72
0.9
1.2
1.4
Base Shear For Brick Bearing Wall Building
Building Code
Base Shear w/o R Factor
Base Shear with R Factor
CSDB (Sichuan)
45% W 75% W
10.1% W
UBC (Seattle)
16.7% W
ASCE 7-05 (Seattle)
100% W
28.6% W

Assumptions: Soil Type B , soil factor 1.0 Sichuan - CSDB seismic zone of 7 Seattle UBC seismic zone 3, R=4.5 Seattle ASCE 7, SDS=1g, R=3.5 CSDB elastic base shear is increased by a factor of 1.4 to be in line with the factored base shear used in UBC and ASCE 7. Short and stiff building and therefore the maximum response acceleration control

Assumptions: Soil Type B , soil factor 1.0 Sichuan - CSDB seismic zone of 8 Seattle UBC seismic zone 3, R=4.5 Seattle ASCE 7, SDS=1g, R=3.5 CSDB elastic base shear is increased by a factor of 1.4 to be in line with the factored base shear used in UBC and ASCE 7. Short and stiff building and therefore the maximum response acceleration control
10
Base Shear For Low-rise Brick Bearing Wall Building
Building Code
CSDB (Sichuan)
81% W
20.2% W
UBC (Seattle)
75% W
16.7% W
ASCE 7-05 (Seattle)
100% W
28.6% W
0.9 amax SDS
( (0.9amax)Tg/T ) g 0.45 amax SD1 SD1/T
0.1
Tg
11
Base Shear For High-rise Concrete Frame Building
Building Code
CSDB (Sichuan)
18.5% W
4.2% W
UBC (Seattle)
35% W
6.4% W
ASCE 7-05 (Seattle)
39% W
7.8% W

Assumptions: Soil Type B , soil factor 1.0 Sichuan - CSDB seismic zone of 7 Seattle UBC seismic zone 3, R=5.5 Seattle ASCE 7-05, SD1=0.33g, R=5.0 CSDB elastic base shear is increased by a factor of 1.4 to be in line with the factored base shear used in UBC and ASCE 7. Assuming H=150 and fundamental period is To=0.85 seconds.
12

Assumptions: Soil Type B , soil factor 1.0 Sichuan - CSDB seismic zone of 8 Seattle UBC seismic zone 3, R=5.5 Seattle ASCE 7-05, SD1=0.33g, R=5.0 CSDB elastic base shear is increased by a factor of 1.4 to be in line with the factored base shear used in UBC and ASCE 7. Assuming H=150 and fundamental period is To=0.85 seconds.
Base Shear For High-rise Concrete Frame Building
Building Code
CSDB (Sichuan)
43% W
10.6% W
UBC (Seattle)
35% W
6.4% W
ASCE 7-05 (Seattle)
39% W
7.8% W
13
Soft Story and Weak Story
Soft Story and Weak Story
14

Soft Story Less than 70% of stiffness of the story above Or l O less th 80% of average stiffness than f tiff CSDB increase design loads by 15% UBC require dynamic analysis ASCE 7-05 not allowed for Seismic Design g Category E and F.

Extreme Soft Story Less than 60% of stiffness of the story above Or l O less th 70% of average stiffness than f tiff CSDB Not applicable UBC Not applicable ASCE 7-05 not allowed for Seismic Design g Category D, E, and F.
15

Weak Story Less than 80% of the lateral strength of the story above CSDB increase design loads by 15% and require dynamic analysis UBC require dynamic analysis ASCE 7-05 not allowed for Seismic Design Category E and F.

Extreme Weak Story Less than 65% of the lateral strength of the story above CSDB No applicable UBC Not allowed ASCE 7-05 Not allowed for Seismic Design Category D, E, and F.
16
Column Confinement Ties
17
Column Confinement Ties - CSDB Column ti spacing and minimum ti size C l tie i d i i tie i vary, depending on the LFRS and seismic zone. For zone 7, it is typically #2 tie at 4 O.C. For Zone 8, it is typically #3 tie at 4 O.C.
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Conclusions
Many buildings in the affected areas were subjected to ground shaking that are much higher than the code specified design earthquake intensity. For future design, considerations should be given t increase th seismic d i i t i to i the i i design intensity it for areas close to these known fault lines.
Conclusions
Soft and weak stories are prone to sever damages and even building collapse during an earthquake. Extreme soft or weak stories as defined in ASCE 7 should be avoided in high seismic areas.
19
Conclusions.
Columns confinement requirements, such as the volumetric ratio requirements in the ASCE 7, are critical to improve column performance during earthquake.
Questions?
20

U.S. & China Seismic Codes Comparison

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U.S.

& China Seismic Codes Comparison

Design Code Comparison

Design Code Comparison

Design Code Comparison

Design Code Comparison

Design Basic Ground Acceleration

CSDB Seismic Zone

UBC Seismic Zone

CSDB Ground Acceleration UBC Ground Acceleration (Ca)

Design Code Comparison

Design Code Comparison

Design Code Comparison

USGS Population Exposure Summary

Design Code Comparison

Design Code Comparison

Maximum Design Response Acceleration

CSDB S i i Z Seismic Zone

Design Code Comparison

Maximum Design Response Acceleration

UBC Ca/R (Bearing Wall, R=4.5)

Inelastic Design UBC 2.5 Ca Value 0.25 0.375 0.5 0.75 1

Design Code Comparison

Design Code Comparison

( (0.9amax)Tg/T ) g 0.45 amax

Design Code Comparison

0.9 amax SDS

( (0.9amax)Tg/T ) g 0.45 amax SD1 SD1/T

Design Code Comparison

Design Code Comparison

Design Code Comparison

Maximum Design Response Acceleration (g)

CSDB Seismic Zone

Design Code Comparison

Base Shear For Brick Bearing Wall Building

Base Shear w/o R Factor

Base Shear with R Factor

ASCE 7-05 (Seattle)

Design Code Comparison

Design Code Comparison

Design Code Comparison

Base Shear For Low-rise Brick Bearing Wall Building

Base Shear w/o R Factor

Base Shear with R Factor

ASCE 7-05 (Seattle)

Design Code Comparison

0.9 amax SDS

( (0.9amax)Tg/T ) g 0.45 amax SD1 SD1/T

Design Code Comparison

Base Shear For High-rise Concrete Frame Building

Base Shear w/o R Factor

Base Shear with R Factor

ASCE 7-05 (Seattle)

Design Code Comparison

Design Code Comparison

Design Code Comparison

Base Shear For High-rise Concrete Frame Building

Base Shear w/o R Factor

Base Shear with R Factor

ASCE 7-05 (Seattle)

Design Code Comparison

Soft Story and Weak Story