Periodicals Introduction Periodicals are the important elements of library collection, especially in academic commercial, industrial and research

libraries. It is a highly primary media for recording .communicating information particularly in the field of science and technology. Periodicals are mainly intended to be the vehicles for publication of papers on the theory and practice of a discipline and are thus supposed to report the significant research findings in a particular field. Meaning and Definitions of Periodicals:Periodicals are serial publications issued in part with a continuing title usually at regular intervals. Periodicals include Journals, Bulletin, Transactions, Proceedings and Magazines. It also contains article, stories or other writings by several contributors, newspapers whose chief function is to disseminate news. The periodicals maintain volume and issue number. Definition According to Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science, Periodicals refer to publication with a distinctive title which appears at stated or regular intervals.

Types of periodicals:1. Periodicals from Learned and Professional Societies:This type of periodical is those which are emanated from learned and professional societies. These periodicals usually are regarded as the ones most likely to carry articles of the authoritative, fundamental, seminal research in their respective fields. Example: Journal of American Chemical Society.

2. New Journals:New journals are published by societies often including technical papers of the review type. Example: Spectrum, Published by IEEE. 3. House Journals:House Journals those which are issued by commercial and industrial organizations as gestures of good will welfare or public relations. Example:-IBM Journal of Research and Development. 4. Trade Journals:Trade Journals are commercial ventures which cover a very wide range from those which mostly technical articles to those which contain commercial news.

5. Abstracting Indexing Journals:These are the periodicals which are published by government agencies. Learned and professional societies, research and development organizations by some independent publishers Example: Physics Abstracts (Govt. of UK) Chemical Abstracts (Copper Development Association) 6. Review Journals:Review Journals are the special kind of abstracting services. They provide survey articles reviewing the state of the art in the field by making extensive reference to the recent literature on the subject Example: Reviews of Modern Physics

Mathematics Reviews The Advantages of Using Periodicals: 1. Because they are published frequently periodicals are the best source for current information. 2. Current events are usually discussed in periodicals long before they become the subject of a book. 3. Periodicals often contain information on the latest trends ,products ,research and theories. 4. Periodicals are the best source for ephemeral or very specialized information 5. Periodicals exist for every field and ever interest, providing access to a variety of hard to find information. 6. Due to the shorter length of periodical articles more topics may be covered within one volume of a periodical than on one book. Conference Proceedings Meaning:Conference Proceedings contain the articles written by experts on a given subject. Conference also called as convention, symposium, seminars, workshop, congress, round table, assembles etc..
Types Of conference proceedings

1.pre-conference literature:-(copies and they are distributed before conference) 2.literaturepublished during conferenc:-(these includes abstracts,keynotes address and opening address etc..) 3.post-conference literature:-(these covers disscussion and regulation)

functions of conference proceedings These proceedings cover the following functions 1. A announcement of new knowledge 2. Exchange of information and experiments. 3. Education functions. 4. Fact finding and reporting. 5. Policy formulation.

Features:-

1. It is one of the important medium of communication and it has and advantage of role presentation with questions from audience 2. Immediate criticism, comment and follow up contacts. 3. Person to person contact gives an opportunity to research worker to know the other things. 4. It also helps to approaching the authors to discuss specific questions. 5. Important feature of conference proceedings is that they bring people together which permit informal exchange of ideas. 6. Young scientists and researchers are most beneficiaries of these meetings which help to develop network for personal contacts. 7. Apart from this proceeding includes questions from participants and clarifications from the authors of papers. Reasons For Attending The Conference We can identify the following reasons for attending the conference, seminar, symposium etc.

1. Participants come only for attending the conference 2. Participants attend conference to update their knowledge. 3. Participants attend conference for presenting papers. 4. Participants attend conference to learn the developments in their related activities. Criticism of Conference Proceedings

1. Much of the materials presented in a conference is already presented elsewhere before the audience simply it repeat the information once again. 2. Due to rapid development of communication technology, there is decline of interest in attending conference or seminars which are time consuming and inconvenient. 3. This can be balanced with increased web resources and printed materials which can be accessed and read easily at their convenient time. 4. In recent years conference papers are not truly screening and editing. conclusion These source plays a dominiant role in transferring the original result of research or original ideas,thoughts or views of authors.