International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

G AND ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 1, January- February (2013), IAEME

TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET)

ISSN 0976 6308 (Print) ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 1, January- February (2013), pp. 45-51 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2012): 3.1861 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com

IJCIET
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ADVANCED ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION TECHNIQUES BY INDUSTRIES: POTENTIAL FOR CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ACTIVITIES
Dr. S. K. Doifode Associate Professor Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Amravati 444 604 [M.S.] India. Email: doifode.shamal@gcoea.ac.in Dr. A. G. Matani Associate Professor Mech. Engg Government College of Engineering, Amravati 444 604 [M.S.] India. Email: ashokgm333@rediffmail.com

ABSTRACT Energy Conservation goes beyond using efficient products. A huge amount of energy is wasted nationally due to sheer ignorance and lack of awareness. This paper highlights different areas of energy conservation and environment protection. This paper also suggests different roles of educational institutions in energy conservation and sustainable development awareness INTRODUCTION Social Responsibility (SR) policy guiding principles includes ethics, accountability, governance, financial returns, employment practices, business relationships, products and services, community involvement and environmental protection. Social Responsibility and Responsible Care are complementary initiatives and, when implemented in concert, they further enhance and strengthen organizations commitment to health, safety and the environment. SIX BUSINESS REASONS COMPANIES SHOULD EMBRACE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY [1] Innovation Innovation is a huge benefit to a company and society. By using the lens of sustainability Unilever Global was able to innovate new products such as a hair conditioner that uses less water. Without sustainability, the companys research and development efforts possibly wouldnt have led to such a product.
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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 1, January- February (2013), IAEME

[2] Cost savings One of the easiest places for a company to start engaging in sustainability is to use it as a way to cut costs. Whether its using less packaging or less energy, these savings add up quickly. After installing energy monitoring meters on several pieces of equipment at its Covington, GA. plant, the General Mills Company saved $600,000. [3] Brand differentiation In the past, brand differentiation was one of the primary reasons companies embraced CSR. The Cola Wars is one of the longest running rivalries in business. Coke and Pepsi are constantly looking to grab as much market share as they can from each other. Yet they are both adopting similar, although slightly different, approaches to CSR. Both Pepsi and Coke are pursuing strategies of zero net water usage. Both companies offer water bottles made from sustainable packaging as well. [4] Long-term thinking CSR is an effort to look at the companys long-term interest and ensuring that the companys future is well sustainable. It is a shift from worrying about the next fiscal quarters financial results to the impact business decisions today have on financial (and social) results ten years from now. [5] Customer engagement Walmart has established itself as a leader on environmental efforts. In 2008, Walmart ran an ad campaign designed to raise awareness about the environment and the product choices consumers could make. Using CSR can help you engage with your customers in new ways. This is an underused tool for business-to-business company communication. [6] Employee engagement If companys employees dont know whats going on within an organization, that company is missing an opportunity. Companies like Sara Lee created a cross-functional, global Sustainability Working Team to help create a strategy for sustainability. At a more grass roots level, the Solo Cup Company created the Sustainability Action Network to activate employees in community service focused on the companys CSR priorities. THE MOST SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE COMPANIES IN THE WORLD Fortune Magazine - a financial magazine includes a section listing their top 11 most socially responsible companies. It includes five companies with significant exposure to fossil fuel based energy (Statoil, Edison, ENI, Total and Nextera) 1. Statoil - Statoil owns and operates over 2000 gas stations worldwide. Fortune's pick for the most socially responsible company in the world is this Oslo-based oil and gas giant which is 67% owned by the Norwegian government. The company plans to expand into alternative energy, the bulk of their profits come from oil exploration, refining and distribution. 2. Grupo Ferrovial - Ferrovial is a member of both the Dow Jones Sustainability and FTSE4good investment indices. A Spanish conglomerate involved in transportation and urban infrastructure services, also created an Environmental Performance Index, the first of its kind, to track the company's global environmental performance in real time. 3. Walt Disney Company - The house that Mickey built is the only US-based company in the top 5. Some of their more interesting initiatives include running Disneyland trains on biodiesel made with cooking oil from the resort's hotels, establishing a worldwide conservation fund and instituting a "green standard" for all employees and cast members. 4. Edison - Founded in 1884, this Milan-based firm is Europe's oldest energy company. Despite its age, Edison is one of the leading renewable energy providers in Europe with 68 hydroelectric facilities, 29 wind farms, and one solar facility currently online.
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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 1, January- February (2013), IAEME

5. ENI - Another Milan-based energy company, specializing in oil, gas and petrochemicals. In 2010, ENI was named the best company in the world for the online communication of its corporate social responsibility initiatives in the annual survey which analyzed the 91 companies listed in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index. 6. Whole Foods Market - The supermarket chain that brought organic products to the mainstream American consumer. 7. Total - French oil and gas conglomerate. 8. Hochtief - Germany's largest construction company and a leader in the green real estate space, Hochtief is also a member of the Dow Jones Sustainability index. 9. Nestle - One of the largest food manufacturers in the world, in 2009 Nestle instituted "The Cocoa Plan" in an effort to encourage sustainability, labor rights and fair trade in the cocoa industry. 10. NextEra Energy - Formerly known as Florida Power & Light, Nextera NEE is the largest owner and operator of wind power farms in the US and second only to Iberdrola in the world (44% of NEE's total energy output comes from wind power). 11. Weyerhauser - One the biggest players in the global forest products industry, Weyerhauser owns 6.6 million acres of commercial timberland worldwide and another 15.2 million acres on long-term leases in Canada. GENERAL CONTENTS OF TEACHING PROGRAMS Due to energy costs and its important role in the economy, recent growth in energy consumption has led all countries to formulate and execute various strategies in three interrelated areas to: a) Improve the efficiency of energy use; b) Increase energy conservation; c) Explore and develop new and renewable sources of energy. A diversified training program is needed to meet increasing demands for qualified personnel in the developing countries. This training should consider the latest developments in science and technology. POTENTIAL ACTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT Possible areas and actions for the development of general knowledge programs should include: ** Organizing energy conservation and environment protection related training in colleges, universities and apprenticeship programs to cover all facets of energy management for industry and buildings. ** Integrating energy conservation and sustainable development strategies into school curricula; developing curricula to establish the skills, knowledge and behavior of conservation and renewable energy; developing guidelines for relating curriculum to energy efficient design. ** Engaging community organizations, non-governmental organizations and public interests groups in culture change, communication, education and implementation of conservation.

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 1, January- February (2013), IAEME

** Facilitating energy auditing and benchmarking of existing buildings and providing access to resources to implement retrofits. ** Establishing accessible and understandable means of benchmarking energy use, planning and implementing conservation projects, accessing resources and technologies ** Pursuing strategies for job creation in the manufacture of products and the delivery of services related to conservation and renewable energy; accelerated development of new technologies. Increasing conservation related training to industry. ** Ensuring publicly funded institutions establish and maintain management reporting systems, which cover energy use, costs and savings potential, ** Produce and broadcast programs and documentary films for television. ** Using web-based systems to allow comparison of energy use with comparable buildings and estimation of potential savings. ** Ensuring inefficient, older appliances are taken out of the market, their materials recycled and any toxic components managed. ** Organizing seminars, workshops or summer schools for decision makers and experts related to other energy fields. ** Producing audio-visual materials that illustrate existing solar installations, as well as future prospects for these technologies. ** Publishing information, in the form of study articles and comprehensive, well documented reports, on solar energy and its prospects. ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION INITIATIVES INSTITUTIONS: THE WORLD SCENARIO BY INDUSTRIES AND

** American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU) highlighting roles of institutions AASCU devoted its July/August 2006 Public Purpose magazine to cover the issues related to sustainability at public higher education institutions. The issue highlighted role of various institutions implementing sustainability policies on its campuses, in its classrooms and bridging them to the business world. ** Blue Star working on R & D on energy efficiency Blue Stars Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) philosophy is built on three pillars namely

Environment protection Energy conservation Community development around its facilities.

The Company is highly committed to the cause of protecting the environment. Energy efficiency of its products remains a corner-stone of its research and development efforts Air, water and energy management services as well as LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) consultancy for Green Buildings have been part of its business and practices. The Company has also been contributing in the technical domain in the use of ecofriendly refrigerants in its products. Blue Star helps deserving institutions such as hospitals and colleges to save power by conducting free walk-through energy audits.

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 1, January- February (2013), IAEME

** Bedford college in Southern England providing training for small businesses Bedford College in Southern England is a center for excellence in green energy, providing training for small businesses in installing and maintaining solar panels, wind turbines and biomass technology. ** Canadian Industry Program for Energy Conservation (CIPEC) developing comprehensive projects The Canadian Industry Program for Energy Conservation (CIPEC) with representation of 294 companies, and 24 sector task forces is active in developing comprehensive projects to improve conservation in their municipal operations. Nongovernmental organizations are implementing community-wide programs for improving the conservation in existing and new buildings, and at developing integrated, fuel efficient transportation schemes. ** Florida Gulf Coast University reducing operating expenses National Center for Academic Transformation implements effective uses for information technology in order to improve student learning and reduce the cost of higher education. By redesign their coursework schools reduced costs by an average of 37 percent, saving of $3.1 million in operating expenses each year. ** Mitsubishi Electric Group Became a Global, Leading Green Company Mitsubishi Electric is one of Japan's leaders in the development and implementation of systems for wastewater treatment in manufacturing, water purification for public consumption, and more effective industrial cleaning processes. The Mitsubishi Electric Group established Environmental Vision 2021 to contribute to the development of a sustainable society, and is advancing initiatives to achieve a low-carbon, recycling-based society such as micro-bubble technology that removes oil and other deposits without detergents or hazardous chemicals, and ozone generation technology that purifies water without chlorine. Membrane separation technology is also being put to use in high-grade industrial applications in Mitsubishi Electric's own manufacturing operations. The goal is 100% recycling of water to eliminate unnecessary wastewater, encourage water conservation and promote cost-savings. Such initiatives are a part of Mitsubishi Electric's efforts to strengthen its corporate constitution and contribute to society as a leading green company. ** Park Lane College in Leeds offering courses on climate change Park Lane College in Leeds offers a "reduce your carbon footprint" course managed by a team of conservation and environmental tutors through practical energy saving techniques, and the science behind climate change. ** The Wisconsin Environmental Education Board And The University Of Wisconsin Stevens Point Utilizes Community Resources: K12 energy education program (KEEP) encourages school-to-career skills and the use of a rich set of community resources including professionals, businesses, environmental organizations, and institutions of higher education. Wisconsin students are now competent enough to cope with difficult decisions about energy and its relationship to environmental, socio-political, and economic issues.

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 1, January- February (2013), IAEME ** Texas State Energy Conservation Office (SECO) encouraging energy-efficiency projects Oil Overcharge Funds used for energy efficiency and renewable energy projects are consistent with settlement guidelines and approved by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). ** University of Nimes in Southern France organizing programs for eco-citizens University of Nimes in Southern France, in March 2007, organized a program to promote the behavior of "eco-citizens". Concentrating on the promotion of waste management and economizing on energy use a university wide campaign for providing practical demonstrations of environmental awareness linked to social psychology theory ** York University encouraging green buildings The Computer Sciences Building of York University is an ideal example of a "green" building built at no cost premium. Raising the standards for new buildings and major renovations is the most economical means of conserving energy in new buildings and avoids the lost opportunity cost associated with retrofitting improvements after the building is constructed. NOVEL INITIATIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL SECTOR GENERAL ELECTRIC FOR ENERGY AND

[1] General Electric offering Excellence Award for highest environmental, health and safety General Electric Company is a diversified technology and financial services company operating in more than 150 countries and employ about 300,000 people worldwide. GE works finding solutions in energy, health and home, transportation and finance. Building, powering, moving and curing the world by offering best technologies taking on the toughest global challenges. GE Appliances Decatur Refrigerator Plant received General Electric's (GE) highest environmental, health and safety Excellence Award for significantly reducing workplace injuries and in adapting its manufacturing operations to more environmentally friendly processes. Other accomplishments that brought Decatur the EHS Excellence Award includes: * A 30 percent reduction in workplace injuries classified as reportable by OSHA. * A 45 percent reduction in workplace injuries causing lost work time for employees. * A 21 percent reduction in hazardous waste generation. * A reduction in landfill waste of 12 percent. * An increase in recycled cardboard of over 10 percent. * The elimination of toluene-di-isocyanate from the manufacturing process. [2] GE Power Systems offering environmentally friendly power generation options The wind power industry offers tremendous opportunities for growth and continued technology development. Various synergies from several GE businesses have been applied to wind turbine technology areas such as plastics, transportation gearing applications and power controls towards GE Power Systems' line of environmentally friendly power generation options with the broadest possible range of clean energy solutions for the 21st century. [3] GE driving a global energy transformation with a focus on innovation and R&D GE is driving a global energy transformation with a focus on innovation and R&D investment to accelerate the development and deployment of clean energy technology. More than 90 ecomagination-approved products have been brought to market with revenues reaching $18 billion in 2009. With $5 billion invested in R&D its first five years to accelerate a new era of energy innovation. The company will invest $10 billion in R&D over five years and double operational energy efficiency while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and water consumption. 50

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 1, January- February (2013), IAEME

ENERGY EFFICIENCY SERVICES LIMITED EFFICIENCY IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

IMPROVING

ENERGY

Energy Efficiency Services Limited [EESL], A joint venture of PSUs, of Ministry of Power, Government of India , New Delhi is actively involved in improving energy efficiency in the Agricultural sector. Some of the Key opportunities areas included investments will be for procurement and the Operation & Maintenance of the Agriculture pump sets , capital costs are paid by the regulator in three yearly installments directly to EESL. Capital costs include cost of energy efficient pump sets, cost of dismantling existing pump set, cost of installing energy efficient pump sets, cost of installation of protection systems, Monitoring &Verification (M&V) and other costs . CONCLUSIONS Standards & Labeling is one of the major thrust areas of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency. A key objective of this scheme is to provide the consumer an informed choice about the energy saving and thereby cost saving potential of the relevant marketed product. The Standards & Labeling programme of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency has now been extended to 11 appliances and a few more appliances are likely to be added in the current financial year. EESL proposes to implement the scheme on behalf of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency. Educational institutions also have an important role in educating and training the workforce, not only independently, but also as vendors to employers who seek outside providers of training. Educators and administrators are searching for new means to cut costs while increasing quality and efficiency on campus. REFERENCES [1] Duan Liping (2011), Analysis of the relationship between international cooperation and scientific publications in energy R&D in China, Applied Energy , 88(12), 4229-4238. [2] M. E. Douglas, Timothy C. Wagner , Michael K. Sahm , William J. Wepfer : Economic Optimization of a Combined Heating and Power System for an Office Building , Proceedings of Energy Sustainability 2007 , June 2007, Long Beach, California USA [3] Nirmal-Kumar C. Nair, Garimella Niraj (2010), Battery energy storage systems: Assessment for small-scale renewable energy integration, Energy and Buildings , 42(11), 2124-2130. [4] Subhadra Bobban G. (2011) ,Macro-level integrated renewable energy production schemes for sustainable development, Energy Policy, 39(4), 2193-2196 [5] Saidur R., Islam M.R. , Rahim N.A., Solang K.H. (2010), , A review on global wind energy policy, , Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews ,9(1) 1744-1762 [6] www.ge.ecomagination.com [7] Various reports published in The Times of India, Mumbai newspaper

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