Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 5, Solution 1.
\
A, mm 2
1 2
x , mm
100 200
y , mm
250 150
Then
X =
Y =
xA 21 000000 = mm A 150000
yA 24 750000 = mm A 150 000
or X = 140.0 mm
or Y = 165.0 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Chapter 5, Solution 2.
A,in 2
1 2
10 8 = 80
x ,in.
5
13
y ,in.
4
xA,in 3
400
702
yA,in 3
320
216
1 9 12 = 54 2
134
1102
536
Then and
X = Y =
xA 1102 = A 134
yA 1102 = A 134
or
X = 8.22 in.
or Y = 4.00 in.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Chapter 5, Solution 3.
A, mm 2
1
x , mm
2 ( 90 ) = 60 3 90 + 1 (135) = 135 3
30375
xA 3189375 mm = A 30375
Then
X =
or X = 105.0 mm
Y =
1 ( 270 mm ) 3
or Y = 90.0 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Chapter 5, Solution 4.
A,in 2
1
x ,in.
2 ( 21) = 14 3 21 + 1 (13) = 27.5 2 40
y ,in.
1 ( 24 ) = 32 3
xA,in 3
3528
yA,in 3
8064
1 ( 21)( 24 ) = 252 2
(13)( 40 ) = 520
772
20
14 300
10 400
17 828
18 464
Then
X = Y =
or
X = 23.1 in.
or Y = 23.9 in.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Chapter 5, Solution 5.
A, mm 2
x , mm
y , mm
xA, mm3
3 796 900
( 225 )
4
= 39 761
4 ( 225 ) 3
= 95.493
95.493
125
75
5 273 500
3 164 100
81 949
1 476 600
6 961 000
Then
X = Y =
or X = 18.02 mm
or Y = 84.9 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Chapter 5, Solution 6.
A,in 2
1 2
17 9 = 153
x ,in.
8.5
y ,in.
4.5
xA,in 3
1300.5
yA,in 3
688.5
( 4.5 ) = 15.9043 8
112.761 182.466
393.27
( 6 )2 = 28.274
108.822
298.19
905.45
Then and
X =
xA 905.45 = A 108.822
or
X = 8.32 in.
Y =
yA 393.27 = A 108.22
or Y = 3.61 in.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Chapter 5, Solution 7.
A,in 2
1 2
x ,in.
4 (16 ) 3
xA,in 3
1365.32
(16 )
4
= 201.06
= 6.7906
4
( 8 )( 8 ) = 64
137.06
256
1109.32
X =
Then and
or
X = 8.09 in.
Y = X by symmetry
or Y = 8.09 in.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Chapter 5, Solution 8.
A, mm 2
1 2 35 343
x , mm
y , mm
xA, mm3
2 250 006
yA, mm3
0
63.662 31.831
4417.9
30925.1
31.831
140 626
2 109 380
140 626.2
140 626.2
Then and
X =
Y =
or
X = 68.2 mm
or Y = 4.55 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Chapter 5, Solution 9.
A
1
x
r12
xA
2
4
4r1 3
r22 r12
4r2 3
Therefore, for X =
( 2r 4
2 2
1 2r23 r13 3
xA 4r1 = : 3
( (
r 3 r13 2 2 1 r1 4 = 2 r 3 r12 2 2 1 r1
or or
r 2 3 1 , where = 2 2 r1 2 1
2 3 2 2 + ( 1) = 0.
r2 = 3.02 r1
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
= Similarly Then y1 = yA =
2 cos r2 3 2 2 cos r1 3 2
A2 =
( 2 ) r22
)
A1 =
2 cos r2 3 2
( 2 ) r12
(
( 2 ) r22 2 r1 3
cos 2
( 2 ) r12
and
Now
Y =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
1 ( r1 + r2 ) is 2
Y =
sin 1 ( r1 + r2 ) 2 2 2
)
(1)
1 cos (r1 + r2 ) 2 2
Now
Let
r2 = r + r1 = r
Then
r =
1 ( r1 + r2 ) 2
2 2
and
( r + ) + ( r + )( r ) + ( r ) r23 r13 = 2 2 r2 r1 (r + ) + (r )
= 3r 2 + 2 2r
r23 r13 3 = r 2 2 2 r2 r1 =
3 1 (r1 + r2 ) 2 2 or Y =
1 cos ! ( r1 + r2 ) 2 2
so that
Which agrees with Eq. (1).
Y =
2 3 cos ( r1 + r2 ) 3 4 2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A,in 2
1 2 3 27 15.5885
18.8495
x ,in.
8.1962 3.4641 3.8197
xA,in 3
221.30 54.000
71.999
23.739
203.30
Then
X =
xA 203.30 = A 23.739
or
X = 8.56 in. Y =0
and by symmetry
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A, mm 2
1 2
x , mm
y , mm
xA, mm3
2 880 000
yA, mm3
900 000
160
50
3 ( 240 ) = 180 4
3 (150 ) = 45 10
2160000
720 000
540 000
360 000
Then
X = Y =
or X = 120.0 mm
or
Y = 60.0 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A,in 2
1 2 3
x ,in.
3
y ,in.
xA,in 3
432
54
yA,in 3
576
81
(18)(8) = 144
1 ( 6 )( 9 ) = 27 2
4
3 3.8197
2
5.0930
(12 )( 9 ) = 84.823
255.82
432.00
810.00
324.00
171.00
Then
X =
Y =
or
X = 3.17 in.
or Y = 0.668 in.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
First, by symmetry
X = 90 mm
A, mm 2
1 2 3
y , mm
yA, mm3
1 296 000
60
120 120
Y =
or Y = 26.8 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A, mm 2
1 2 3 18 240
1920
x , mm
y , mm
xA, mm3
72 960
yA, mm3
218 880
4 56 41.441
12
54
103 680
4071.5
41.441
186 731
53 531.1
12 248.5
xA 134171 = A 12 248.5 yA 53 531 = A 12 248.5
Then and
X = Y =
or
X = 10.95 mm
or Y = 43.7 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A, mm 2
x , mm
y , mm
1 2
75 37.5
70
20
23 334
xA 1875 000 = mm A 23 334
Then X =
or X = 80.4 mm or Y = 82.9 mm
Y =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Note that the origin of the X axis is at the bottom of the whole area.
A, in 2 1 2
y , in.
yA, in 3
8 15 = 120
4 10 = 40
7.5
8
900
320
80
580
Then
Y =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Now, to find the first moment of each area about the x-axis: Area I:
QI = yA = Area II:
or QI = 174.125 in 3 !
QII = yA =
or QII = 174.125 in 3 !
Note that Q( area ) = QI + QII = 0 which is expected as y = 0 and Q( area ) = yA since x is a centroidal axis.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A, mm 2 1 2
y , mm
90 40
Then
Y =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Area II
Note that Q( area ) = QI + QII = 0 which is expected as y = 0 and Q( area ) = yA since x is a centroidal axis.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
or Qx =
2 3 r cos3 3
=0
Qx = 2 3 r 3
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
FA FB = , or ( Qx ) A ( Qx )B
FB =
( Qx )B F ( Qx ) A A
12 = 225 + ( 300 12 ) = 831 600 mm3 2
12 = ( Qx ) A + 2 225 ( 48 12 ) + 2 ( 225 30 )(12 60 ) = 1 364 688 mm 3 2
1364688 ( 280 N ) , 831600
( Qx ) A
( Qx )B
Then
FB =
or FB = 459 N
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
L, mm
1 2 3 4 5 6 400 300 600 150 200 150 1800
x , mm
y , mm
xL, mm 2
80 000 120 000 60 000
yL, mm 2
0 45 000 180 000 33 750 30 000 11 250 300 000
200 100
0
30 000 20 000
0
210 000
xL 210 000 = = 116.667 mm L 1800 yL 300 000 = = 166.667 mm L 1800
Then and
X = Y =
or X = 116.7 mm or Y = 166.7 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
L, in.
1 2 3 4 5 19 15 4 10 8 56
x , in.
9.5 14.5 10 5 0
y , in.
0 6 10 8 4
xL, in 2
180.5 217.5 40 50 0 488
y , in 2
0 90 40 80 32 242
X =
Then and
xL 488 = L 56 yA 242 = 56 A
Y =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
L, mm
1 2 3 600
x , mm
y , mm
xL, mm 2
45 000 81 998
yL, mm 2
0 49 199 50 625 99 824
75 187.5
0 112.5
( 225)
( 225)
( 225)
50 625
76 373
1390.75
Then and
X = Y =
or X = 54.9 mm or Y = 71.8 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
L, mm
1 2 3 4 5 75 150
x , mm
y , mm
xL, mm 2
2812.5 0 45 000 0 5625.0 53 437
yL, mm 2
0 11 250 0
0 75 0
(150 )
= 471.24
75
112.5 47.746
( 75)
= 117.81
889.05
Then and
X = Y =
or X = 60.1 mm or Y = 3.16 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
r =
( 20 in.) sin 30
60
6 Note also that triangle ABO is equilateral, where O is the origin of the coordinate system in the figure.
For equilibrium: (a) M A = 0:
in.
TBC = 0.34960 lb
(b) Fx = 0:
or
TBC = 0.350 lb
Ax + ( 0.34960 lb ) cos 60 = 0
Ax = 0.174800 lb
Fx = 0:
Ay = 1.44724 lb
Therefore:
A = 1.458 lb
83.1
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
xL =
2 (150 mm )
or
cos =
5000 11250
or
= 63.6
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
xL =
2 (150 mm )
or
l 2 + 300l 197602 = 0.
Solving for l :
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
L
1 2 3 r
2 r
xL
r 2
r2 2
r sin
l 2
2r 2 sin
l2 2
Then
X =
xL = 0 xL = 0 and L
r2 l2 2r 2 sin + = 0, or l = r 1 + 4sin 2 2
(a) = 15 :
l = r 1 + 4sin15
(b) = 60 :
or l = 1.427 r
l = r 1 + 4sin 60
or l = 2.11 r
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Then
y =
yA A
or
(a + h) a ( ab ) kb ( a h ) 2 2 y = ba kb ( a h )
2 2 1 a (1 k ) + kh 2 a(1 k ) + kh
Let
Then
c =1 k
y =
and
h a
a c + k 2 2 c + k
(1)
or
2 ( c + k ) c + k 2 = 0
(2)
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
2c + 2
c k 2c
=0
or
+ 2c c = 0
( 2c )2 4 ( k ) ( c )
2k
2k
2 (1 0.2 ) + 4 (1 0.2 ) + 4 ( 0.2 )(1 0.2 )
2
(a) k = 0.2:
h=a
2 ( 0.2 )
or h = 0.472a !
(b) k = 0.6:
h=a
2 ( 0.6 )
or h = 0.387a !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
2 =
c + k 2 c + k
(3)
Then, replacing the right-hand side of (1) by 2 , from Eq. (3) We obtain
y =
a ( 2) 2 h a
Q.E.D.
But So
y =h
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Note that y1 =
h x+h a
h (a x) a h xdx a
a
dA = ( h y1 ) dx =
Then
A=
h a h 1 2 1 0 xdx = a 2 x = 2 ah a 0
1 ( h + y1 ) 2
a
1 2 a h 2 1 3 2 x = xdA = 0 x a xdx = a 2 3 x = 3 a A ah 0
y =
1 1 2 h 1 2 1 a 2 2 ( h + y1 ) dA = ah 0 2 ( h + y1 ) ( h y1 ) dx = ah 2 0 h y1 dx A 2
1 a 2 h2 h h 1 2 2 3 1 1 = 0 h a 2 ( a x ) dx = a x + 3 a 2 ( a x ) = a a 3 a = 3 h ah 0 Therefore: x = y = 2 a! 3 2 h! 3
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
xEL = x,
yEL =
a 0
y , 2
and dA = ydx
a h 1 0
A = dA = ydx =
x3 x4 3 3 dx = h x 3 = ah 4 a 4a 0
a
xEL dA =
a xydx 0
a h x 0 2
x2 x4 x5 3 2 3 dx = b 3 = ab a 5a 0 10 2
a
1 a x3 b2 a 2 x3 x 6 b2 x4 x7 9 a y 1 3 + 6 dx = yEL dA = 0 ydx = 0 h 2 x 3 dx = x 3 + 6 = ab 2 2 2 2 0 2 28 2a 7a 0 a a a
Now
x =
and
y =
1 4 3a 2b 2 xEL dA = = a A 3ab 10 5
1 4 9ab 2 3 yEL dA = 3ab 28 = 7 b A
Therefore:
x =
2 a 5 3 y = b 7
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x = a, y = h: h = k1a3
or
k1 =
h a3
or
a = k 2 h3
Hence, on line 1
k2 =
a h3
y =
and on line 2
h 3 x a3 h 1/3 x a1/3
y =
Then
h h dA = 1/3 x1/3 3 x3 dx a a
a 0
and
yEL =
1 h 1/3 h 3 1/3 x + 3 x 2a a
a
xEL dA =
a x 0
From
8 2 ah xA = xEL dA: x = a h 2 35
8 2 ah yA = yEL dA: y = ah 2 35
or x = or y =
16 a 35 16 h 35
and
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
dA = r dr 2
xEL =
2r
and
r
1 2 2 r A = r 2 r dr = r 2 = r2 r12 1 2 2 2 r1 4
)
r
Then
x =
or x =
and by symmetry
y =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Note that y1 =
b b x + b = ( a x ) , and a a
y2 =
b 2 a x2 a b 2 a x 2 ( a x ) dx and a
a
b 2 b 1 2 x 1 a x 2 ( a x ) dx = x a 2 x 2 + a 2 sin 1 + ( a x ) a a 2 a 2 0
b 1 1 2 ab ( 2 ) a = 4 a2 2 2
1 ( y1 + y2 ): 2
1 4 ab 2 2 xELdA = ab 2 0 a x x a x ( a x )dx A ( ) 4
21 = a2 x2 ab ( 2 ) 3 2
3 2
1 1 + ax 2 + x3 3 2
=
0
1 a 2 2 a ( 2 ) 3
( )
3 2
1 1 + a3 + a3 3 2 2a ! 3 ( 2 )
continued
or x =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
y =
1 4 a 1 yELdA = ab 2 0 2 ( y2 + y1 ) ( y2 y1 ) dx A ( )
ab ( 2 )
2 2 y2 y1 =
2 a 2 ( 2 )
2 ab 0 2
a2 x2
b2 2 a x ) dx 2( a
a
2b 4b 4b a a 1 2 1 3 2 2 = 3 0 2 ax x dx = a3 2 0 ax x dx = a3 2 2 ax 3 x a ( 2 ) ( ) ( ) 0
or y =
2b ! 3 ( 2 )
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
First note that symmetry implies For the element (EL) shown
x =0
y = R cos , x = R sin
dx = R cos d
dA = ydx = R 2 cos 2 d
Hence
yEL dA = 2 0
=
)
( )
But yA = yEL dA so
or
Alternatively,
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
At
x = 0, y = b
b = k (0 a)
2
or
k =
b a2
Then
Now
y=
b 2 x a) 2( a y b 2 = x a) 2( 2 2a
xEL = x, yEL =
and
dA = ydx =
A = dA = 0
a
b ( x a )2 dx a2
Then
and
a b b 1 ( x a )2 dx = 2 ( x a )3 = ab 2 0 3 a 3a
b x4 2 3 a2 2 1 2 x = ax + 12 a b 3 2 a2 4
a
yEL dA = 0
=
b b2 1 2 b 2 5 x a ) 2 ( x a ) dx = x a) 2( 4 ( 2a a 2a 5 0
1 2 ab 10
x = y =
1 a 4
3 b 10
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x = a, b = k 2 a 2
y =
On line 2 at
or
k2 =
b a2
b 2 x a2
or
x = a, 2b = k1a3
y = 2b 3 x a3
k2 =
2b a3
2b b dA = 2 x 2 + 3 x3 dx a a
Then b 2 x3 b x3 2 x 4 A = dA = 2 x 2 + + dx = 2 x 4a a a 3
a 0 a
1 1 5 = ab + = ab 3 2 6
and xEL dA =
a x 0
b 2 2b 3 b x 4 2 x5 2 2 1 x + 3 x dx = 2 2 4 + 5a = a b 4 + 5 a a a 0
13 2 ab 20 2b 3 b 2 2b 3 a1 b 2 yEL dA = 0 2 a 2 x a3 x a 2 x + a3 x dx
1 b 2 2b = 2 x 3 x 3 2 a a
a 0
b 2 x5 2 7 dx = 4 5 7a 2 x 2a 0
2 13 1 = b 2a5 = ab 2 10 7 70
Then
xA = xEL dA:
5 13 2 x ab = ab 6 20
or
x =
39 a 50 39 b 175
yA = yEL dA:
5 13 2 y ab ab 6 70
or y =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
xEL = x,
A = dA =
yEL =
L h 1 0
y , 2
and dA = ydx
L
x x2 x 2 2 x3 5 + 2 2 dx = h x + = hL 2 L 2L 3 L 0 6 L
L
x 2 1 x3 2 x 4 x x2 x2 x3 1 2 L L xEL dA = 0 xh 1 + L 2 L2 dx = h 0 x + L 2 L2 dx = h 2 + 3 L 4 L2 = 3 hL 0
1 2 h2 L x x2 h2 L x2 x4 x x2 x3 yEL dA = 2 y dx = 2 0 1 + L 2 L2 dx = 2 0 1 + L2 + 4 L4 + 2 L 4 L2 4 L3 dx
2
h2 x3 4 x5 x 2 4 x3 x 4 4 2 h L = 2 3 = x + 2 + 4 + L 2 L 0 10 3L 5L 3L
Now
x = y =
Therefore:
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Note that y1 = 0 at x = a, or
0 = 2b 1 ka 2 , i.e. k =
1 a2
y2 =
3b ( 2a x ) . a
and xEL = x,
yEL =
1 ( 3b + y1 ) 2
and xEL = x,
yEL =
1 y2 2
2b 2 3b 1 2 a 3b + 2 x 2 dx + a ( 2a x ) dx = b x + 2 x3 + ( 2a x )2 a a 2 a 3a 0
a b 0
2a
=
a
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
6 1 1 8 1 = 2 + 2 + 3 4 3 1 + 3 19
or x =
18 a! 19
y =
2 2 1 6 a 1 2 4b 2 2 2 2a 9b 2 0 9b 4 a x dx + a 2 ( 2a x ) dx 2 19ab 2 a a
3b a 8 2 4 4 2 2a 9 0 5 + 2 x 4 x dx + a 2 ( 2a x ) dx 19a a a a
a 2a 3b 8 4 9 1 3 5 x + 2 x 3 4 x 5 + 2 ( 2a x ) 19a a 3a 5a 0 a 3
3b 8 4 3 5 + 3 5 + 3 (1) 19 y = 148 b! 95
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
For y2 Then
Now and for
at
x = a, y = b : a = kb2
y2 = b 1/2 x a
or
k =
a b2
For
a 1 b x 1 x1/2 x a : yEL = ( y1 + y2 ) = + 2 2 2a 2 a
x1/2 x 1 dA = ( y2 y1 ) dx = b + dx a a 2
Then
A = dA = 0 b =
a/2
( )
and
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
b x1/2 x1/2
= =
2 2 3 b a 2 a b2 a 1 + ( a ) 4a 2 2 6a 2 2
11 2 ab 48
71 2 13 x ab = ab 24 240 13 11 2 y ab = ab 24 48
x =
17 a = 0.546a ! 130
yA = yEL dA:
y =
11 b = 0.423b ! 26
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the corresponding line Now Then and
xEL = r cos
7 /4
and
dL = rd
7 /4
L = dL = /4 rd = r [ ] /4 =
7 /4 xEL dL = /4 r cos ( rd )
3 r 2
1 1 7 /4 2 = r 2 [sin ] /4 = r 2 = r 2 2 2
Thus
3 xL = xdL : x r = r 2 2 2
x =
2 2 r 3
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
dy = a 2/3 x 2/3 dx
xEL = x
) ( x )
1/2 1/3
dx = 1 + a 2/3 x 2/3
) ( x )
1/2 1/3
a
1/2 2
dx
Then
L = dL = 0
and
Hence
3 3 xL = xEL dL : x a = a 2 2 5
x =
2 a 5
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the corresponding line Now xEL = a cos3 and dL = dx 2 + dy 2
Where
Then
dL = 3a cos 2 sin d
1/2
1/2
d
/2
1 = 3a cos5 5 0
2
/2
3 2 a 5
Hence
3 3 xL = xEL dL : x a = a 2 2 5
x x = a cos3 cos 2 = a y y = a sin 3 sin 2 = a
2/3
x =
2 a ! 5
Alternative solution
2/3
x a
2/3
y + a
2/3
=1
or
y = a 2/3 x 2/3
3/2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
) ( x )
1/2 1/3
dx = 1 + a 2/3 x 2/3
) ( x )
1/2
1/3
a
1/2 2
dx
Then
L = dL = 0
and
Hence
3 3 xL = xEL dL : x a = a 2 2 5
x =
2 a ! 5
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the corresponding line Have at Thus
x = a, y = a : a = ka 2
y = 1 2 x a and
2
or
k =
1 a
dy =
2 xdx a
2
Then
a 0
dy 2 dL = 1 + dx = 1 + x dx dx a x 4 4x2 a 2 4x2 1 + 2 x 2 dx = 1 + 2 + ln x + 1 + 2 4 a 2 a a a 0
a
L = dL = =
a a 5 + ln 2 + 5 = 1.4789a 2 4
a x 0
xEL dL =
=
3/2 4 4x2 2 a2 1 + 2 dx = 1 + 2 x 2 3 8 a a 0
Then
x = 0.574a
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Have
xEL = x,
yEL =
1 x x sin L 2
and
A = dA = 0 x sin
L/2
dA = ydx
L2 x L x x cos dx = 2 sin L L L 0
L/2
L2
and
L3
L3
Also
y = yEL dA = 0
L/2 1
x sin
x dx x sin L L
L/2
1 2 L2 x L 2 L3 x = 2 x sin x 3 cos 2 L L 0
L2 L L3 1 1 L3 6 + 2 ( 1) = 2 8 4 2 2 2 6 96
Hence
L2 z 1 xA = xEL dA: x 2 = L3 2 3
or
L2 L3 1 2 yA = yEL dA: y 2 = 96 2 2 3
x = 0.363L !
or y = 0.1653L !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
xEL =
dA =
1 2 1 r d = R 2 cos 2 2 d 2 2
1 1 4 1 = R 2 + sin 4 = R 2 2 4 0 8
2 2 2 4 3 xEL dA = 4 3 R cos 2 cos 2 R cos 2 d = 3 R 0 cos 2 cos d
= 2 3 4 R 0 1 2sin 2 3
cos d =
2 3 2 2 12 1 8 1 16 2 3 R 1 2 + 5 4 7 8 = 105 R 3 2
x=
y =0
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A = 134 in 2 ,
xA = 1102 in 3,
yA = 536 in 3
or
V = 1.949 ft 3
or
(b) Rotation about x = 19 in.:
A = 10.56 ft 2
= 9072.9 in 3
or
V = 5.25 ft 3
or
A = 25.1 ft 2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
xA = 17828 in 3 ,
yA = 18464 in 3
( Area )
xL yL
L
1 2 3 4 5
27.5 34 17 10.5 21
0 20 40 28 8
(a)
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A = 150000 mm 2 ,
x A = 140 mm,
y A = 165 mm
L = 1800 mm,
xL = 116.667 mm,
yL = 166.667 mm
Applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus, we have (a) Rotation about the x-axis:
A = 1.885 106 mm 2
A = 3.20 106 mm 2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Applying the second theorem of Pappus-Guldinus, we have (a) Rotation about axis AA:
ab 2 2 Volume = 2 yA = 2 ( a ) = a b 2
(b) Rotation about axis BB:
V = 2a 2b
ab 2 2 Volume = 2 yA = 2 ( 2a ) = 2 a b 2
(c) Rotation about y-axis:
V = 2 2a 2b
4a ab 2 2 Volume = 2 yA = 2 = a b 3 2 3
V =
2 2 a b 3
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A=
d 2 and C = d .
Also, the semicircular ends of the link can be obtained by rotating the cross section through a horizontal semicircular arc of radius R. Now, applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus, we have for the volume V:
V = 2 (Vside ) + 2 (V
end
) = 2 ( AL ) + 2 ( RA) = 2 ( L + R ) A
or V = 2.10 in 3
A = 2 ( Aside ) + 2 ( Aend ) = 2 ( CL ) + 2 ( RC ) = 2 ( L + R ) C
or A = 2 3 in. + ( 0.75 in.) ( 0.5 in.) = 16.8270 in 2
or A = 16.83 in 2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Following the second theorem of Pappus-Guldinus, in each case a specific generating area A will be rotated about the x axis to produce the given shape. Values of y are from Fig. 5.8A. (1) Hemisphere: the generating area is a quarter circle
Have
4a V = 2 yA = 2 a 2 3 4
or V =
2 3 a ! 3
(3) Paraboloid of revolution: the generating area is a quarter parabola Have 3 2 V = 2 yA = 2 a ah 8 3 or V = (4) Cone: the generating area is a triangle 1 2 a h! 2
Have
a 1 V = 2 yA = 2 ha 3 2 or V = 1 2 a h! 3
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
5 1 V = 2 xA = 2 + 7.5 mm 5 mm 5 mm 3 2
or V = 720 mm3
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
where the individual lengths are the lengths of the belt cross section that are in contact with the pulley. (a)
0.125 0.125 in. AC = 2 ( y1L1 ) + y2 L2 = 2 3 in. + ( 3 0.125 ) in. ( 0.625 in.) 2 cos 20
or AC = 8.10 in 2 (b)
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Volume: The volume can be obtained by rotating the triangular area shown through radians about the y axis. The area of the triangle is:
A=
1 ( 52 )( 60 ) = 1560 mm2 2
V = xA = ( 52 mm ) 1560 mm 2
The surface area can be obtained by rotating the triangle shown through an angle of radians about the y axis.
Considering each line BD, DE, and BE separately: Line BD : L1 = 222 + 602 = 63.906 mm Line DE : L2 = 52 mm x1 = 20 + 22 = 31 mm 2
x2 = 20 + 22 + 26 = 68 mm x1 = 20 + 74 = 57 mm 2
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Then applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus for the part of the surface area generated by the lines:
AL = xA = ( 31)( 63.906 ) + ( 68 )( 52 ) + ( 57 )( 95.268 ) = [10947.6] = 34.392 103 mm 2
or A = 37.5 103 mm 2 !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
L2 =
a = L2 L1 = 2.9354 mm
= sin 1 =
12.5 = 9.5941 75
Applying the second theorem of Pappus-Guldinus and using Figure 5.8 a, we have V = 2 yA = 2 yA
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Seg . 1 2
y , mm
1 ( 37.5) = 12.5 3 2 ( 75) sin sin ( + ) = 15.2303 3 1 (12.5) = 4.1667 3 1 (12.5) = 6.25 2
1 ( 73.951)(12.5) = 462.19 2
1925.81
229.33 3599.7
Then
V = 2 yA = 2 3599.7 mm3 = 22618 mm3 m = ( density )V
)(
)
or m = 191.6 g !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Vtop = V1 + V2 + V3 + V4
The volumes Vi can be obtained through the use of the theorem of Pappus-Guldinus:
2 2 Vtop = ( 21.15 in.) ( 0.75 in.) + ( 21.4 in.) ( 0.5 in.)
( 4 )( 0.5) in. 0.5 in. 2 + 2 21.15 + ( 4 )( 0.75) in. 0.75 in. 2 + 2 21.4 + ( ) ( ) 3 4 3 4
= (1053.979 + 719.362 + 26.663 + 59.592 ) in 3 = 1859.596 in 3
Therefore
)(
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
The total surface area can be divided up into the top circle, bottom circle, and the edge.
Now, knowing that 1 gallon of lacquer covers 500 ft2, the number of gallons needed, NGallons is
( 500 ) (144 in 2 )
1 Gallon
5000 3
= 648.19 gal
or N Gallons = 648
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
m = V = At
where A is the surface area and t is the thickness of the shade. The area can be generated by rotating the line shown about the x axis. Applying the first theorem of Pappus-Guldinus we have
( 32 mm )2 + ( 3 mm )2
28 + 33 + mm 2
(8 mm )2 + (12 mm )2
( 28 mm )2 + ( 5 mm )2
)(
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A = 2 yL
Now, since
or
x = ky ,
at
x = a : a = k ( 7.5 )
a = 56.25 k
At
(1)
x = ( a + 15 ) mm: a + 15 = k (12.5 )
2
or
a + 15 = 156.25k
(2)
or a = 8.4375 mm
Then
1 mm
dx = 0.3 y dy
and
Now
dx dL = 1 + dy = 1 + 0.09 y 2 dy dy
So
A = 2 yL
12.5
and
yL = ydL
12.5 3/2
7.5
= 1013 mm 2
or A = 1013 mm 2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
and R2 =
or x = 3.80 m
(b) Equilibrium:
Fx = 0: Ax = 0
Fy = 0:
Ay 1764 = 0 A = 1764 N
= 0:
M A ( 3.80 m )(1764 N ) = 0
M A = 6.70 kN m
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Fy :
or
R = R1 R2
R = 360 lb + 360 lb = 720 lb
R = 720 lb
+ M A :
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
By = 4.48 kN B = 4.48 kN
Fy = 0:
+ Fx = 0:
Ax = 0
Therefore:
A = 1.28 kN
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
R2 =
1 kN 3 ( 2.4 m ) = 3.6 kN 2 m
kN R3 = 3 (1.6 m ) = 4.8 kN m
Equilibrium:
+ Fx = 0:
+ M B = 0:
Ax = 0
=0
A = 6.00 kN B = 4.80 kN
+ Fy = 0:
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Equilibrium:
+ Fx = 0: + Fy = 0:
+ M A = 0:
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Fx = 0: Fy = 0:
Ax = 0
Therefore:
A = 90.0 lb
M A = 0:
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
R2 =
2 kN 9 ( 2.4 m ) = 14.4 kN 3 m
Ax = 0
Equilibrium:
+ Fx = 0: + M B = 0:
+ Fy = 0:
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
The resultants:
R1 =
R2 = R3 =
Fx = 0: M B = 0:
Ay = 231.56 lb A = 232 lb
Fy = 0:
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Have
RI =
1 ( 9 m )( 2 kN/m ) = 9 kN 2
Fx = 0: C x = 0 M B = 0: 50 kN m (1 m )( 9 kN ) ( 2.5 m )(13.5 kN ) + ( 6 m ) C y = 0
or
C y = 15.4583 kN
C = 15.46 kN
Fy = 0: By 9 kN 13.5 kN + 15.4583 = 0
or
By = 7.0417 kN
B = 7.04 kN
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Chapter 5, Solution70.
Have
RI =
Note: the negative sign means that the distributed force w0 is upward.
(b)
C y = 1.375 kN
C = 1.375 kN
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
The distributed load can be represented in terms of resultants: R1 = ( 8 m )( 300 N/m ) = 2400 N
R2 =
For equilibrium:
M B = 0:
(1)
M A = 0:
(a) Fy = 0:
Ay + By 2400 1200 ( 8 a ) = 0
or
(8 a )2 8 (8 a ) + 8 = 0,
which gives
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
(8 a ) =
( 8 )2 4 ( 8 )
2
= 6.82843 m or 1.17157 m
Ax = 0
2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
The distributed load can be represented in terms of resultants: R1 = ( 8 m )( 300 N/m ) = 2400 N
R2 =
For equilibrium:
M B = 0:
(1)
M A = 0:
By = 1200 + 50 (16 + a )( 8 a ) (a) Dividing Equation (1) by Equation (2): By Ay = 1200 + 50 (16 + a )( 8 a ) 1200 + 50 ( 8 a )
2
(2)
( ) 24 + ( 64 16a + a )
24 + 128 8a a 2
152 8a a 2 88 16a + a 2
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Differentiating
d By da Ay
By Ay
) (
or
a 20a + 72 = 0 a= 20
or
( 20 )2 4 ( 72 )
2
Ax = 0
2
A = 1.742 kN
Also,
Fy = 0: 1741.70 2400 1200 ( 8 4.7085 ) + By = 0 By = 4608.1 N or
B = 4.61 kN
!
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
+ M C = 0:
(1.8 ft ) ( 3.6wA ) kips + (1.8 ft ) (1.35wA ) kips + ( 2.7 ft ) ( 2.7 wA ) kips + ( 2.1 ft )( 6 kips )
( 2.4 ft )( 4.5 kips ) ( 3.6 ft )(1 kip ) = 0
wA = 0.55556 kips/ft
or
wA = 556 lb/ft
+ FyA = 0:
RR = 7.2500 kips
or
RR = 7.25 kips
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
R2 =
(1)
+ Fy y = 0: or
7.38wA + RR P 10.5 = 0
(2)
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Since RR 0, the maximum acceptable value of P is that for which RR = 0, and P = 1.52667 kips (b) Now, from (2): 7.38wA 1.52667 10.5 = 0 or P = 1.527 kips !
or
wA = 1.630 kips/ft !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Noting that the weight of a section of the dam is Wi = Vi (Vi being the volume of that section ) :
lb 1 W2 = 150 3 (10.5 ft )( 21 ft )(1 ft ) = 16537.5 lb ft 2 lb W3 = 150 3 (18 ft )( 30 ft )(1 ft ) = 81000 lb ft lb 1 W4 = 150 3 ( 3 ft )( 30 ft )(1 ft ) = 6750 lb ft 2 From the free-body diagram:
x1 = 5.25 ft, x2 = For the distance a: a 3 = , or a = 2.4 ft 24 30 2 (10.5 ft ) = 7 ft, x3 = 19.5 ft, and x4 = 29.5 ft 3
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
xs = 31.5
1 ( 2.4 ) = 30.7 ft 3
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
For equilibrium: F = 0:
Ws + P + ( R ) = 0
where R is the force of the water on the face BD of the dam, and
(17971.2 lb )2 + (1797.12 lb )2
= 18.06 kips
5.71 !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x1 =
5 ( 5 m ) = 3.125 m 8
1 x2 = 5 + ( 2 ) m = 6 m 2 5 x4 = 7 + ( 4 ) = 9.5 m 8
1 25 x3 = 7 + ( 4 ) = m 3 3 Weights: Wi = i gVi
)(
)(
)(
2 W4 = 2400 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 ( 4 m )( 6 m )(1 m ) = 156 960 N 3 The pressure force P is: 1 1 P = A gh = ( 6 m )(1 m ) 1000 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 ( 6 m ) = 176 580 N 2 2
)(
)(
Equilibrium: (a) + Fx = 0:
H 176.580 kN = 0 H = 176.580 kN
+ Fy = 0:
or
H = 176.6 kN
(b) + M A = 0:
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x = 5.1337 m Thus the point of application of the resultant is: (c) Free-body diagram and force triangle for the water section BCD 5.13 m to the right of A. !
(176.580 )2 + (156.960 )2
156.960
= 236.26 kN
41.6 !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Note that valve opens when B = 0. Pressures p1 and p2 at top and bottom of valve:
( = (10
P = 1
= ( 248.32d 55.872 ) N
P2 = 1 1 p2 A = ( 9810d ) N/m 2 ( 0.225 m )( 0.225 m ) 2 2
= ( 248.32d ) N
+ M A = 0: ( 0.15 0.09 ) m ( 248.32d 55.872 ) N + ( 0.09 0.075 ) m ( 248.32d ) N = 0
d = 300 mm
Thus d = 0.30000 m, or
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Note that valve opens when B = 0. Pressures p1 and p2 at top and bottom of valve:
( = (10
P = 1
= 55.872 N
P2 = 1 1 p2 A = 4414.5 N/m 2 ( 0.225 m )( 0.225 m ) 2 2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
p2 = 4 h
p1 = 4 ( d 3)
p2 = 4 d
1 1 ( 3 ft ) p1 p1 = ( 3 ft ) 4 ( d 3) 4 ( h 3) = 6 ( d 3) 6 ( h 3) 2 2 1 1 P2 P2 = ( 3 ft ) p2 p2 = ( 3 ft ) [ 4 d 4 h ] = 6 d 6 h 2 2 P P = 1 1
( (
) )
+ M A = 0: or
( 3 ft ) B (1 ft ) ( P1 P1 ) ( 2 ft ) ( P2 P2 ) = 0
B= = 1 2 P P P2 P2 1 1 3 3
) (
1 2 6 ( d 3) 6 ( h 3) [ 6 d 6 h ] 3 3
= 2 ( d 3) 2 ( h 3) + 4 d 4 h or + Fx = 0: B = 6 ( d 1) 6 ( h 1) A + B P P P2 P2 = 0, or using (1) 1 1
A + 6 ( d 1) 6 ( h 1) 6 ( d 3) 6 ( h 3) [ 6 d 6 h ] = 0, or
(1)
) (
A = 6 ( d 2 ) 6 ( h 2 ) Using the given data in (1) and (2): h = 6 ft, d = 9 ft, = 62.4 lb/ft 3 , = 64 lb/ft 3 A = 6 ( 64 )( 9 2 ) 6 ( 62.4 )( 6 2 )
(2)
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Pw =
)(
= 176.58 kN
Next, determine the force on the dam face with silt.
Have
Pw =
)(
= 99.326 kN
( Ps )I
)(
= 66.218 kN
( Ps )II
)(
= 19.424 kN
Then
P = Pw + ( Ps )I + ( Ps )II = 184.97 kN
% inc. =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
From Problem 5.80, the force on the dam face before the silt is deposited, is Pw = 176.58 kN. The maximum allowable force Pallow on the dam is then: Pallow = 1.5Pw = (1.5 )(176.58 kN ) = 264.87 kN
Next determine the force P on the dam face after a depth d of silt has settled.
Have
Pw =
)(
= 4.905 ( 6 d ) kN
( Ps )I
)(
= 9.81 6d d 2 kN
( Ps )II
)(
= 8.6328d 2 kN
P = Pw + ( Ps )I + ( Ps )II = 4.905 36 12d + d 2 + 9.81 6d d 2 + 8.6328d 2 kN = 3.7278d 2 + 176.58 kN
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
(3.7278d
+ 176.58 kN = 264.87 kN
or Finally
d = 4.8667 m
4.8667 m = 20 103
m N year
or N = 243 years !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
1 Api where p1 and p2 are the pressures at the top and bottom of the board: 2 1 kg m P = ( 0.5 m )(1.5 m ) 103 3 9.81 2 ( 0.6 m ) = 2207.3 N 1 2 m s Pi = P2 =
3 kg 1 m ( 0.5 m )(1.5 m ) 10 m3 9.81 s 2 (1 m ) = 3678.8 N 2
Free-Body Diagram:
Ax denotes the force from one piling and is therefore multiplied by two in the free-body diagram. 1 2 + M A = 0: ( 0.3 m ) B + ( 0.5 ) m ( 2207.3 N ) + ( 0.5) m ( 3678.8 N ) = 0, or 3 3 B = 5313.8 N 4 4 + Fx = 0: 2 Ax + ( 2207.3 N ) + ( 3678.8 N ) = 0, or 5 5 Ax = 2354.4 N 3 3 5318.8 N ( 2207.3 N ) ( 3678.8 N ) + Ay = 0, or + Fy = 0: 5 5 Ay = 1782.14 N
A y = 1.782 kN ! B = 5.31 kN !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Chapter 5, Solution 83. Pressure force from the water on board AB:
Pi =
P = 1 P2 =
1 Api where p1 and p2 are the pressures at the top and bottom of the board: 2
1 kg m ( 0.5 m )(1.5 m ) 103 3 9.81 2 ( 0.6 m ) = 2207.3 N 2 m s 1 kg m ( 0.5 m )(1.5 m ) 103 3 9.81 2 (1 m ) = 3678.8 N 2 m s
Note that the board can move in two ways: by rotating about A if the rope is pulled upward, and by sliding down at A if the rope is pulled sideways to the left. Case 1 (rotation about A): For minimum tension the rope will be perpendicular to the board. Free-Body Diagram:
+ M A = 0:
2 3 ( 0.5 ) m ( 3678.8 N ) = 0, or
TBC = 3188.3 N Case 2 (sliding down at A): When the board is just about to slide down at A, A y = 0.
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Free-Body Diagram:
+ M B = 0:
2 3 ( 0.5 ) m ( 2207.3 N ) = 0, or
( TBC )min
= 1.337 kN
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
1 ApB where A is the rectangular cross sectional area through line BD, and pB is the pressure at 2 point B. Thus 1 1 P = A ( h ) = (16 ft )(10 ft ) 62.4 lb/ft 3 (10 ft ) = 18720.0 lb = 18.72 kips 2 2 1 W = V = 62.4 lb/ft 3 ( 3 ft )( 6 ft )( 6 ft ) = 3369.61 lb = 3.3696 kips 2 Equilibrium: 20 + M A = 0: (18.72 kips ) ft B ( 3 ft ) + ( 3.3696 kips )( 2 ft ) = 0. 3 P
Solving for B:
B = 43.846 kips, or
+ Fx = 0: + Fy = 0:
18.72 kips + Ax = 0, or Ax = 18.7200 kips
B = 43.8 kips
( 18.7200 )2 + ( 40.476 )2
40.476
= 44.595 kips
65.2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Pressure force P:
2 1 8 4 d 1 2 2 (16 ) d d 6 d = 0, and 3 15 15 3 2 3
d = 27.301 in., or
d = 27.3 in.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Pressure force P:
with d = 30 in.
2 1 8 4 2 (16 ) 30 30 3 3 15 15
d 1 2 3 (10 h ) 2 30 = 0, and
h = 2.8444 in., or
h = 2.84 in.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
W = (125 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 1226.25 N Denoting the water pressure at a depth h by ph, the forces due to the water pressure P1, P2, P3, P4 can be obtained as follows: 1 P1 = ADC p( 0.15 m ) , or with 2
p( 0.15 m ) = 1000 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.15 m ) = 1471.50 N/m 2
P1
P2 = ACB p( 0.15 m) , or
P2 = ( 0.6 m )(1 m ) 1471.50 N/m 2 = 882.90 N P3 = 1 ABA p( 0.15 m ) , or 2 1 P3 = ( 0.6 m )(1 m ) 1471.50 N/m 2 = 441.45 N 2 1 P4 = ABA p( 0.75 m ) , or with 2
)(
P4 =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
( 0.2 m )( 2207.3 N ) = 0, or
+ Fx = 0:
+ Fy = 0:
Then, A=
( 2759.1)2 + ( 2795.9 )2
2795.9 = 45.4 2759.1
= 3930 N, and
= tan 1
Therefore: A = 3930 N
45.4 !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
W = (125 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 1226.25 N Denoting the water pressure at a depth h by ph, the forces due to the water pressure P1, P2, P3, P4 can be obtained as follows: 1 P1 = ADC p( d 0.6 m ) , or w 2 1 P1 = ( d 0.6 ) m (1 m ) N/m3 ( d 0.6 ) m 2 1 2 = ( d 0.6 ) N 2 where denotes the specific weight of water. In the same way 1 P2 = ACB p( d 0.6 m) , or 2
P3 =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
2 1 ( 0.6 m ) 0.3 ( d 0.6 ) N ( 0.6 m ) 0.3 ( d 0.6 ) N + 0.18 N = 0, or 3 3 1 1103.63 0.036 ( d 0.6 )3 + 0.3 ( d 0.6 )2 + 0.36 ( d 0.6 ) = 6 With = 1000 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 = 9810 N/m3 , this gives 1 1103.63 0.036 = 0.076501 ( d 0.6 )3 + 0.3 ( d 0.6 )2 + 0.36 ( d 0.6 ) = 6 9810 N/m3 Solving for d numerically: d = 0.782 m !
)(
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
P=
R=
P 2 + Ww 2 =
( 3.9 )2 + ( 7.8)2
= 8.7207 lb
= tan 1
R = 8.72 lb
63.4
(b)
Free-body diagram for a 24-in. long section of the water: From (a) WW = 7.8000 lb From the free-body diagram:
By = 7.8000 lb
+M B = 0:
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
yV
1 2
( R ) ( 2R ) = 2 R
2
2 R 4
2 r3 3
r3 2 R 3 3
3 r 8
1 4 r 4
r4 2 R 4 8
Then
1 R4 r 4 yV 8 Y = = 1 V 3 R r3 3
1 = 1 1 r 8 R 1 r 3 R
4
(a )
r =
3 R: y = 4
1 3 3 4
1 3 1 3 4
or y = 1.118R
1 1 r 8 R
4
(b)
y = 1.2R : 1.2R =
1 r 1 3 R
or
r r 3.2 + 1.6 = 0 R R
r = 0.884 R
Solving numerically
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
V 1 2
yV
1 2 2 a h 4 1 a 2h 2 24 7 a 2h 2 24
1 2 a h 2 1 2 a h 6 2 2 a h 3
h 2 h 4
yV Then Y = = V
7 a 2h 2 24 2 a 2h 3
or Y =
7 h 16
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
V 1 2
zV
1 2 a h 2 1 2 a h 6 2 2 a h 3
4a 3 a
2 a 3h 3 1 3 ah 6 1 a 3h 2
or Z =
Then Z =
1 a3h zV 2 = 2 a 2h V 3
( (
) )
3a 4
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x
1 L 2 L+ 1 h 4
xV
Rectangular prism
Lab
1 2 L ab 2
Pyramid
1 b a h 3 2
1 1 abh L + h 6 4
Then
1 V = ab L + h 6
xV =
1 2 1 ab 3L + h L + h 6 4
Now
X V = xV
so that
1 1 1 X ab L + h = ab 3L2 + hL + h 2 6 6 4
or
1 h 1 h 1 h2 X 1 + = L3 + + 6 L 6 L 4 L2
(1)
1 L 2
or X =
57 L 104
X = 0.548L
(b)
h = ? when X = L L
1 h 1 h 1 h2 L 1 + = L3 + + 6 L 6 L 4 L2
1+
1h 1 1h 1 h2 = + + 6L 2 6 L 24 L2 h2 = 12 L2
h =2 3 L
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
V , mm3
1 2
y , mm
z , mm
yV , mm 4
zV , mm 4 3 307 500
1 664 400
( 60 )(105)(10 ) = 63000
1 2 ( 30 ) (10 ) = 14 137.2 2
5 5
15
52.5
105 +
4 ( 30 ) 3
=117.732
3 4 5
(15)( 30 )( 60 ) = 27 000
(19 ) (10 ) = 11 341.1
1 2 (19 ) (15 ) = 8505.9 2
84 290
2
30 105 30
810 000
5
30 4 (19 ) 3
= 21.936
Then Y =
or Y = 1.312 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
V , mm3
1 2
z , mm
zV , mm 4
3 307 500 1 664 400
( 60 )(105)(10 ) = 63000
1 2 ( 30 ) (10 ) = 14 137.2 2
105 +
52.5
4 ( 30 ) 3
30
= 117.732
3 4 5
(15)( 30 )( 60 ) = 27 000
(19 ) (10 ) = 11 341.1
1 2 (19 ) (15 ) = 8505.9 2
2
810 000
105 30
Then Z =
84 290
or Z = 51.4 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
V , mm3
1 2 3 4
x , mm
xV , mm 4
5 280 000 5 280 000 616 590
50 50 39
1 ( 66 )( 45)(12 ) = 17 820 2
209 190
34 +
2 ( 66 ) = 78 3
1 389 960
9 786 600 or X = 46.8 mm
Then X =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
V , mm
1 2 3 4 Then Z = zV 5 491 000 = mm V 209 190
z , mm
zV , mm 4
633 600 5 913 600 458 490
1 ( 66 )( 45)(12 ) = 17 820 2
209 190
55 +
1 514 700
5 491 000
or Z = 26.2 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
V , in 3
1 2
x , in.
4 2
xV , in 4
77.76 34.02
8+
1.8
4 Then X =
or X = 3.21 in.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
V , in 3
1 2
y , in.
0.45 1.6
yV , in 4
8.748 27.216
0.45
4 Then Y =
0.45
or Y = 0.976 in.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A5 =
(150 )2 = 11 250
z , mm
= 35 343
y , mm
300
200
72
48
600
200
72
24
18
600
140
20.160
4.7040
8.0640
300
400
54
72
27
240
400
2.7000
4.5
2.6588
28.583
continued
471 057
169.358
125.159
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Therefore:
X = Y = Z = xA 169 358 000 = = 359.53 mm 471 057 A yA 125159 000 = = 265.70 mm 471 057 A zA 28 583 000 = = 60.678 mm 471 057 A
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A, in 2
1 2 3
x , in.
1.5 2.25 1.125
y , in.
7 3 1.5
z , in.
0 4 6
xA, in 3
10.125 101.25 12.6563 17.8925
yA, in 3
47.25 135 16.875 0
zA, in 3
0 180 67.5 71.211
1 ( 4.5)( 3) = 6.75 2
( 4.5)(10 ) = 45
( 2.25 )( 5 ) = 11.25 2.25
( 2.25)2 = 7.9522
48.452
2.25
8+
4 ( 2.25 ) 3
116.611
165.375
183.71 1
Then X =
Y =
Z =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
X = 150 mm !
z =0 For 2: y = 180 + z = 2 ( 96 ) 2 ( 96 )
= 241.1 mm
= 61.11 mm
For 3: Length DE =
(180 )2 + ( 96 )2
= 204 mm
y = 90 mm,
z = 48 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A, mm 2 1
y , mm
z , mm
yA, mm3
12.005 106
zA, mm3
0
339.7
244.1
61.11
10.907 106
5.508 106 28.420 106
2.765 106
2.938 106 5.702 106
3
Then
90
48
Y = Z =
or Y = 200 mm ! or Y = 40.2 mm !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A, mm 2 1 2 3
x , mm
y , mm
0 168
135 135
224 168
224 224 224 168
294 306
318 318 294 135
4 5
6 7 8
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Then X =
Y =
or X = 136.2 mm ! or Y = 197.8 mm !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
yA, in 3 29.16 29.16 262.44 15552 15552 9000 9000 23328 36111.24
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Therefore
X = 9 in. !
Y =
Z =
yA 36111.24 = A 1769.511
zA 22669.6 = A 1769.511
or Y = 20.4 in. !
or Z = 12.81 in. !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A, in 2
1 2
x , in.
0
y , in.
6
xA, in 3
0
yA, in 3
576
( 8 )(12 ) = 96
(8)( 4 ) = 16
2 ( 4)
10
128 42.667
576 576
160
96
16 3
12
( 4 )2
= 8
4 ( 4) 3
=
6 6
4 5 6
(8)(12 ) = 96 (8)(12 ) = 96
12 8
1152 768
( 4 )2
= 8
4 ( 4) 3
=
6 6
16 3
42.667
288 288 1512.6
64
480 480 4287.4
7 8
( 4 )(12 ) = 48 ( 4 )(12 ) = 48
539.33
10 10
Then
X = Y =
xA 1514.67 = in. or X = 2.81 in. A 539.33 yA 4287.4 = in. or Y = 7.95 in. A 539.33
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
( 4 )( 500 )
3
= 292.2 mm
3 ( 2 )( 500 )
( 4 )( 500 )
= 212.2 mm = 398.3 mm
( 2 )( 500 )
4
( 500 )2
A, mm 2
I II III IV V VI
y , mm
z , mm
yA, mm3
1.6 106 57.4 106 0.2176 106
212.7 106
(80)(500) = 40 000
196 350
(80)(680) = 54 400
534 071
(80)(500) = 40 000
196 350
1.061 106
X = 340 mm
Y A = yA: Y 1.061 106 mm 2 = 332.9 106 mm 3 Z A = zA: Z 1.061 10 mm
) = 300.5 10
or Y = 314 mm
6
mm
or Z = 283 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A,in 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
y ,in.
0 1.25 1.25 1.25 0 0 6 6
13 3
z , in.
7 7 0 7 6.5
4 (1.5 ) = 12.36348
yA, in 3
0 43.75 46.875 43.75 0 0 288 288 134.375
zA, in 3
1470 245 0 245
(15)(14 ) = 120
510.51
21.848
( 4 )(12 ) = 48 ( 4 )(12 ) = 48
235.43
10 10
Then Y =
or Y = 0.571 in.
Z =
or Z = 5.97 in.
X = 7.50 in.
and by symmetry
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
AB = 950 mm L, mm
AB BD DO
OA
x , mm
y , mm
z , mm
375 0 0 375
150 150 0 0
125 103
0
512.5 103
187.5 103
X = Y = Z =
or X = 205 mm or Y = 255 mm or Z = 75 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
L, mm
1 2 3 4 300 280 260
x , mm
y , mm
z , mm
xL, mm 2
0 39 200 59 800 54 000
yL, mm 2
45 000 0 0 90 000
zL, mm 2
0 0 31 200 72 000
0 140 230
150 0 0
0 0 120
( 300 ) = 150
1311.24
3 2 300 360 = 5
600
480
153 000
135 000
103 200
Then
X = Y = Z =
or X = 116.7 mm
or Y = 103.0 mm or Z = 78.7 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
L,ft
1 2 3 4 5 10 10
4
4
x , ft
y ,ft
5 5 12.5465
xL, ft 2
28.284 28.284 0 32 16 104.568
yL,ft 2
50 50 157.664 125.664 78.832 462.16
2 ( 4)
= =
10 12.5465
2 ( 4)
Then
51.416
X =
xL 104.568 = L 51.416
or
X = 2.03 ft
Y =
and by symmetry:
yL 462.16 = L 51.416
or Y = 8.99 ft
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Z = 3.00 ft
To simplify the calculations replace: (a) The two rectangular sides with an element of length
L(a) = 2 2 ( 7 ft ) + 2 ( 5 ft ) = 48 ft
and center of gravity at (3.5 ft, 2.5 ft, 3 ft) (b) The two semicircular members with an element of length
Lb = 2 ( 3 ft ) = 6 ft
23 ft, 3 ft = ( 2 ft, 6.9099 ft, 3 ft ) and with center of gravity at 2 ft, 5 +
(c) The cross members 1 and 2 with an element of length
Lc = 2 ( 6 ft ) = 12 ft
and with center of gravity at ( 2 ft, 5 ft, 3 ft ) (d) This leaves a single straight piece of pipe, labeled (d) in the figure. Now for the centroid of the frame:
L,ft
(a) (b) (c) (d) 48
x , ft
y ,ft
2.5 6.9099 5 5
xL, ft 2
168 37.699 24 42 271.70
yL,ft 2
120 130.249 60 30 340.25
3.5 2 2 7
6 = 18.8496
12 6 85.850
Then
X = Y =
or
X = 3.20 ft
or Y = 4.01 ft
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Y =Z =0
xI =
xII = 1.6 in. + 0.5 in. = 2.1 in. WII = 0.0374 lb/in 3 ( )( 0.5 in ) ( 3.2 in.) = 0.093996 lb
2 xIII = 3.7 in. 1 in. = 2.7 in., WIII = 0.0374 lb/in 3 ( 0.12 in ) ( 2 in.) = 0.000846 lb 4
2 2 xIV = 7.3 in. 2.8 in. = 4.5 in., WIV = 0.284 lb/in 3 ( 0.12 in ) ( 5.6 in ) = 0.017987 lb 4
xV = 7.3 in. +
1 ( 0.4 in.) = 7.4 in., WV = 0.284 lb/in 3 ( 0.06 in )2 ( 0.4 in.) = 0.000428 lb 4 3
W , lb
I II III IV V 0.009791 0.093996
0.000846
x , in.
0.3125 2.1 2.7 4.5 7.4
xW , in lb
0.003060 0.197393
0.002284
Have
or X = 2.33 in.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
) (
) (
) (
) (
m, kg
1 2 3 4 0.0108372 0.0142942 0.0135717 0.027489 0.066192
x , mm
xm, kg mm
0.075860 0.100059 0.040715 0.137445 0.35408
7 7 3 5
Then X =
xm 0.35408 or = 0.066192 m
X = 5.35 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Assume that the stone is homogeneous so that its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the volume and locate the center of gravity. To determine the centroid of the truncated pyramid note that: 3 1 y1 = (1.4 m ) = 1.05 m, and V1 = ( 0.3 m )( 0.3 m )(1.4 m ) = 0.042 m3 4 3
y2 =
V2 =
= 1.12500 m The center of gravity of the stone is therefore 0.425 m (i.e. 1.125 m 0.7m) above the base. Now to determine the center of gravity of the marker:
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
0.3 m =
h 2 + 0.6 h 0.033378 = 0. Solving for h and discarding the negative root, this gives h = 0.051252 m, or
h = 50 mm !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Since the brass plates are equally spaced and by the symmetry of the cylinder:
X =Y =0!
y1 = 4 in. outside diameter: 2.5 in. Inside diameter: 2.5 in. 2 ( 0.25 in.) = 2.00 in.
Volume: V1 =
( 2.5
2.02 8 = 14.137 in 3
Weight:
)(
For each brass plate: Specific weight for brass: B = 0.306 lb/in 3
)(
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Y =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
r 2 = a 2 x 2 and then
Component 1
dV = a 2 x 2 dx
x3 a/2 V1 = 0 a 2 x 2 dx = a 2 x 3 0
a/2
and
a/2 2 2 1 xEL dV = 0 x ( a x ) dx
11 3 a 24
x2 x4 = a 2 4 0 2
a/2
=
Now
7 a4 64
7 11 x1V1 = 1 xEL dV : x1 a3 = a4 24 64
or x1 = Component 2
x3 a V2 = a /2 a 2 x 2 dx = a 2 x 3 a/2
a
21 a! 88
a3 2 a 2 = a ( a ) a 3 2
(a) 2
3
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
5 a3 24
and
2 xELdV =
a x a/2
x2 x4 a x dx = a 2 4 a/2 2
2 2
2 2 ( a )4 a 2 a 2 (a) 2 = a 2 4 2 9 = a4 64
( )
(a) 2
4
4
Now
9 5 x2V2 = 2 xELdV : x2 a3 = a4 24 64 or x2 = 27 a! 40
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
dV = Component 1
V1 = 0 =
h/2
a2 2 h x 2 dx 2 h
a2 2 a2 h x 2 dx = 2 h2 h
2 x3 h x 3 0
h/2
11 2 a h 24
and
2 h/2 a xEL dV = 0 x 2 h 2 x 2 dx 1 h
a2 x2 x4 = 2 h2 4 0 h 2 =
h/2
Now
7 a 2h 2 64 7 11 x1V1 = 1 xEL dV : x1 a 2h = a 2h 2 24 64
or x1 =
21 h! 88
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Component 2
V2 = h/2
h
a2 2 a2 x3 h x 2 dx = 2 h 2 x 3 h/2 h2 h
3 a 2 2 ( h )3 h 2 h h 2 = 2 h ( h ) 3 2 3 h 5 a 2 h = 24
()
and
h 2 2 2 xELdV = h/2 x h2 ( h x ) dx
a2
a2 h2
2 x2 x4 h 4 h/2 2
2 2 ( h )4 h 2 h a2 2 ( h ) 2 = 2 h 2 4 2 h 9 = a 2h 2 64
( )
(h) 2
4
4
Now
9 5 x2V2 = 2 xEL dV : x2 a 2h = a 2h 2 24 64
or x2 = 27 h! 40
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x=h
h 2 y so that a2
r2 =
a2 ( h x ) and then h dV = a2 ( h x ) dx h a2 ( h x ) dx h
h/2
Component 1 V1 = 0
h/2
a2 x2 = hx h 2 0 =
and
3 2 a h 8
a2
h/2 1 xELdV = 0 x h ( h x ) dx
a2 = h =
x 2 x3 h 3 0 2
h/2
1 a 2h 2 12
Now
1 3 x1V1 = 1 xEL dV : x1 a 2h = a 2h 2 8 12
or x1 =
continued
2 h! 9
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Component 2
V2 = h/2
h
a2 a2 x2 ( h x ) dx = hx 2 h/2 h h
( h )2 h h a2 h ( h ) = 2 2 h 1 = a 2 h 8
and
(h) 2
2
2
( )
(h) 2
Now
x2V2 =
2 2 2 2 xEL dV : x2 8 a h = 12 a h 1 1 or x2 = 2 h! 3
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
y = 0!
z = 0!
Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius r and thickness dx. Then
dV = r 2dx, xEL = x
x2 Now r = b1 2 so that a
x2 dV = b 1 2 dx a
Then
V =
a b 2 1 0
2
x2 2x2 x4 a 2 dx = 0 b 2 1 2 + 4 dx a a a
a
2 x3 x5 = b x 2 + 4 3a 5a 0 2 1 = ab 2 1 + 3 5 8 = ab 2 15 and
2x2 x4 a xEL dV = 0 b 2 x 1 2 + 4 dx a a
x2 2x4 x6 = b 2 + 4 2 4a 6a
2 a
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
1 1 1 = a 2b 2 + 2 2 6
= Then
1 2 2 a b 6
1 8 xV = xEL dV : x ab 2 = a 2b 2 15 16
or x = 15 a! 6
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
z =0 Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius r and thickness dx. Then dV = r 2dx, xEL = x
Now r = 1
1 so that x
1 dV = 1 dx x 2 1 = 1 + 2 dx x x
2
Then
2 1 1 3 V = 1 1 + 2 dx = x 2 ln x x x x 1 1 1 = 3 2 ln3 1 2 ln 1 3 1 = ( 0.46944 ) m 3
and
x EL dV =
3 x 1
x2 2 1 1 + 2 dx = 2 x + ln x x x 2 1
32 13 = 2 ( 3) + ln 3 2 (1) + ln1 2 2
= (1.09861 ) m
Now
xV = x EL dV : X 0.46944 m 3 = 1.09861 m 4
or x = 2.34 m
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
First, by symmetry:
Therefore, y =
b 1/3 a x , or x = 3 y 3 1/3 a b Choosing horizontal disks of thickness dy for volume elements ( dV in the figure above)
2 b V = 0 a 2 ( a x )
= 0 2ax x 2 dy
a a2 b = 0 2a 3 y 3 6 y 6 dy b b
a2 1 1 1 5 = 3 2 y 4 3 y 7 = a 2b 4 7 0 14 b b Now y = 1 yELdV , or V 14 b a 2 3 a 2 6 y= y 2 y b6 y dy 5 a 2b 0 b3
14 y5 1 y8 = 4 2 3 5 5b b 8 0
b
or
y=
77 b! 100
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
y =0! z = 0!
x
2a
dx
h2
x h2 a x 1 2 a 0 1 + cos a dx = 2 x + sin a = 2 h a. 2 0
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Also,
xELdV =
=
h2
a 0 x + x cos a 2
a
h2 x2
a a x x + x sin sin 2 2 0 a a 0
h2 a 2
2 2
a a x a x + cos x sin a a 0
h2 a 2
a 2a 1 2 2 4 + 0 0 = a h 1 2 2 2 4
Now, x= 1 2 1 2 2 4 xEL dV = h 2a 4 a h 1 2 , or V x= 1 4 a 1 2 ! 2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Choosing the volume element shown in the figure, i.e. a cylindrical shell of radius r, height h and thickness dr:
yEL =
1 y, 2
and
dV = 2 ry dr = 2 r cos
2a 2 2 = 4ah a = 4a h 1 Also,
2 2 yEL dV = h 0 r cos a
r
2a
a
dr =
h2
a r 1 + cos a dr 2 0
a a r r = sin dr r + r sin 2 2 0 a a 0 2
h2 1
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
h2 1 h2 1
a a r a r + cos a 2 + r sin 2 2 a a 0
2a 1 2 2 4 a 2 a + 0 + 0 = a h 1 2 4 2 2
1 2 2 1 4 a h 1 2 , or 2 4 4a 2 h 1 y=
Now,
y= 1 yEL dV = V
+ 2) h! 16
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Abase = kb 2
where k = k ( N ) ; see note below. Using similar triangles, have
s h y = b h
or
Then
s=
b (h y) h
b2 2 h y ) dy 2( h
h
dV = Aslicedy = ks 2dy = k
and
V = 0 k =
b2 b2 1 ( h y )2 dy = k 2 ( h y )3 h2 h 3 0
Also
1 2 kb h 3 yEL = y
2 b2 h h b 2 so then y EL dV = 0 y k 2 ( h y ) dy = k 2 0 h 2 y 2hy 2 + y 3 dy h h
2 1 1 2 2 b2 1 kb h = k 2 h 2 y 2 hy 3 + y 4 = 3 4 0 12 h 2
Now
1 2 2 1 yV = y EL dV : y kb 2h = kb h 3 12
or y = 1 h Q.E.D. 4
Note:
1 Abase = N b 2 N = b2 4 tan N = k ( N ) b2
b 2 tan N
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
dA = 2 rds = 2 ( R sin ) Rd
= 2 R 2 sin d
yEL = y = R cos
A = dA = 2 R 2 0 sin d = 2 R 2 [ cos ]0 = 2 R 2 (1 cos )
2 3 yEL dA = 0 ( R cos ) ( 2 R sin d ) = 2 R 0 cos sin d
1 = 2 R3 cos 2 = R3 1 cos 2 2 0
Then,
y=
y=
Using
R (1 + cos ) 2
Rh h =1 : R R
R h h 1 + 1 = R R 2 2
cos =
y=
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x = 0!
z = 0! for the coordinate axes shown below. Now assume that the bowl may be treated as a shell; the center of gravity of the bowl will coincide with the centroid of the shell. For the walls of the bowl, an element of area is obtained by rotating the arc ds about the y axis. Then dAwall = ( 2 R sin )( Rd ) and
Then
( yEL ) wall
/2
= R cos
/2
and
/2
Abase =
R2,
ybase =
3 R 2
y A = yA
3 3 y 3R 2 + R 2 = R3 + R 2 R 4 4 4 2
y = 0.48763R R = 350 mm y = 170.7 mm !
or
x = 0! z = 0! and that because the punch is homogeneous, its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of the corresponding volume. Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius x and thickness dy. Then dV = x 2dy, yEL = y
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Now Then
x2 + y 2 = R2
V =
0
so that
dV = R 2 y 2 dy
R 2 y 2 dy = R 2 y 3/2 R
1 3 y 3
3/2 R
3 3 1 3 3 = R 2 R R = 3R3 2 3 2 8 0
and
yELdV =
y R 2 y 2 ) dy = 3/2 R ( ) (
2
1 2 2 1 4 R y y 4 2
4
3/2 R
1 3 1 3 15 = R 2 = R4 R R 2 2 2 4 64
Now
or
15 3 yV = yEL dV : y 3 R3 = R 4 64 8
y = 5 8 3 R R = 350 mm
y = 126.3 mm !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
3 1 ft = a, or a = ft 12 4
5 1 1 ft = ft + b ( 30 ft ) , or b = 12 4 180
6 1 1 ft = ft + c ( 50 ft ) , or c = 12 4 200
Therefore:
1 1 1 y = ft x z 4 180 200
Now
x dV x = EL V
dV = y dxdz,
or
dV =
1 1 1 x+ z dx dz, and 1 + 4 45 50
xEL = x
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Then
50 30 xEL dV = 0 0 4 1 + 45 x + 50 z dx dz
1 50 x 2 1 3 z 2 = 0 + x + x dz 4 2 135 100 0
30
= =
1 50 ( 650 + 9 z ) dz 4 0 1 9 2 650 z + 2 z 4 0
50
= 10937.5 ft 4
1 1 x+ z dx dz 1 + 4 45 50
30
1 50 1 2 z = 0 x + x + x dz 4 90 50 0
1 50 3 0 40 + 5 z dz 4
50
1 3 2 = 40 z + z 4 10 0
= 687.50 ft 3
Then
V = 688 ft 3
x = 15.91 ft
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Choosing the element of volume shown, i.e. a filament of sides, y, dx, and dz:
dV = y dx dy, and
z EL = z
x z b a V = dV = 0 0 y0 y1 y2 dx dz a b =
b y x 0 0
x2 zx 1 a b y1 y2 dz = 0 y0a y1a y2 z dz b 0 b 2a 2
b
1 a z2 1 1 = y0az y1az y2 = y0 y1 y2 ab b 2 0 2 2 2
b a zEL dV = 0 0 y0 z y1 a y2 b
xz
z2 dx dz
a
b y zx 0 0
x2 z z2x za z 2a b y1 y2 y2 dz dz = 0 y0 za y1 b 0 b 2a 2
b
z 2a z 2a z 3a 1 1 2 1 = y0 y1 y2 = y0 y1 y2 ab 2 4 3b 0 2 4 3
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Now,
z =
1 1 1 1 2 1 zEL dV = y0 y1 y2 ab , or 1 1 2 4 3 V y0 y1 y2 ab 2 2
1 1 1 y0 y1 y2 2 4 3 b z = 1 1 y0 y1 y2 2 2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x =0
Choose as the element of volume a vertical slice of width 2x, thickness dz, and height y. Then 1 dV = 2 xy dz, yEL = y, zEL = z 2 h h h z Now and y = z = 1 x = a2 z2 2 2a 2 a
So z dV = h a 2 z 2 1 dz a
Then
V = = =
a h 0
z 1 2 1 z a z 1 dz = h z a 2 z 2 + a 2 sin 1 + a z2 a a 3a 2
2 2
3/2
a 2h
Then
h z a 1 2 2 yELdV = a 2 2 1 a h a z 1
= h2 a z z2 2 2 a a z 1 2 a + a 2 dz 4
z dz a
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
h2 4
1 2 2 2 2 2 1 z a z2 z a z + a sin + a 3a 2
3 2
1 z + 2 a2 z 2 a 4
3 2
a2 z 2 a4 z + a z 2 + sin 1 8 8 a a
Then
a2 yV = yEL dV : y 2
or y =
z a 2 2 zELdV = a z h a z 1 a dz
1 = h a 2 z 2 3
5 h 16
and
3 2
1 z a 2 z 2 a 4
3 2
a2z 2 a 4 1 z + a z2 + sin 8 8 a
a 2h a 3h zV = z EL dV : z = 2 8
or z =
a 4
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A, mm 2
1
21 22 = 462
x , mm
1.5
y , mm
xA, mm3
693
yA, mm3
5082
11
2
3
1 ( 6 )( 9 ) = 27 2
1 ( 6 )(12 ) = 36 2
399
6
8
2
2
162 288
567
54 72
4956
Then
X = Y =
or X = 1.421 mm or Y = 12.42 mm
and
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A, in 2
x , in.
4.5 6.366
y , in.
7.5 16.366
xA, in 3
225 1125
yA, in 3
375 2892
1 2
Then
1 (10)(15) = 50 3
(15)2
= 176.71
226.71
1350
3267
X A = x A
X 226.71 in 2 = 1350 in 3
or X = 5.95 in.
and
Y A = y A
Y 226.71 in 2 = 3267 in 3
or Y = 14.41 in.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of the corresponding line.
L, mm
x , mm
6
y , mm
3
xL, mm 2
80.50 192 31.50
yL, mm 2
40.25
1 2
3
122 + 62 = 13.416
16
12
1.5
14 22
224
462
21
16
62 + 92 = 10.817
77.233
4
5
9 4.5
14
3
144
48.67
111.32
224
32.45
982.7
Then
X L = x L
or X = 1.441 mm
Y L = y L
or Y = 12.72 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
First note that for equilibrium, the center of gravity of the wire must lie on a vertical line through C. Further, because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of the corresponding line.
Thus M C = 0, which implies that x = 0
or
xi Li = 0
Hence
or
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x = a, y = h : h = ka3
x= a 1/3 y h1/3
or
k =
h a3
Then
Now
dA = xdy
=
xEL =
Then
a 1/3 y dy h1/3
1 1 a 1/3 x= y , yEL = y 2 2 h1/ 3
A = dA = 0
h 0
( )
=
0
3 ah 4
h
Hence
3 2 3 xA = xEL dA : x ah = a h 4 10
x = y =
2 a 5 4 h 7
3 3 yA = yEL dA: y ah = ah 2 4 7
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
For
y1 at x = a, y = 2b
2b = ka 2
or k =
2b a2
Then
y1 =
2b 2 x a2
By observation
Now and for 0 x a :
y2 =
b x ( x + 2b) = b 2 a a
xEL = x
yEL =
1 b y1 = 2 x 2 2 a
and
dA = y1dx =
2b 2 x dx a2
For a x 2a :
yEL =
Then
1 b x y2 = 2 2 2 a
A = dA = 0
a
and
x dA = y2dx = b 2 dx a
2b 2 x 2a x dx + a b 2 dx 2 a a
2a
a 2 a 2b x3 x 7 = 2 + b 2 = ab a 2 6 a 3 0 0
and
x a 2b 2 2a xEL dA = 0 x a 2 x dx + a x b 2 a dx
= = =
2 x3 2b x 4 + b x 2 3a 0 a 4 0
2a
1 2 1 2 2 2 3 2a ( a ) a b + b ( 2a ) ( a ) + 3a 2 7 2 ab 6
( )
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x x a b 2 2b 2 2a b yEL dA = 0 a 2 x a 2 x dx + 0 2 2 a b 2 a dx
a 3 2b 2 x5 b2 a x = 4 + 2 2 3 a a 5 0 a 17 2 = ab 30 2a
Hence
x =a
y = 17 b 35
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Since
1 gal = 231 in 3
V = 3526.03 in 3 = 15.26 gal 231 in 3/gal
V = 15.26 gal
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Have
Then
Fx = 0: Ax = 0
By = 1233.3 lb
Fy = 0: Ay 1800 lb 300 lb + 1233.3 lb = 0
B = 1233 lb
or
Ay = 866.7 lb
A = 867 lb
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Have
RI = RII =
Then
Fx = 0: Ax = 0 Fy = 0: Ay 2667 N 666.7 N = 0
or
Ay = 3334 N
M A = 0: M A (1 m )( 2667 N ) ( 5.5 m )( 666.7 N )
A = 3.33 kN
or
M A = 6334 N m
M A = 6.33 kN m
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Have
Now
P=
1 1 Ap = A ( d ) 2 2
M A = 0:
( 9 ft ) T
d P=0 3
( 9 ft ) ( 0.2 ) ( 40 103 lb )
or or
d max = 8.32 ft
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
I II III IV
x , in.
2.0 3.7 4.2 1.2
y , in.
0.375 1.95 2.15 0.375
xV , in 4
21.6 10.656 1.0688
yV , in 4
4.05 5.616 0.54711
0.7068
32.618
0.22089
9.9922
Have
X V = x V
X 13.3454 in 3 = 32.618 in 4
or X = 2.44 in.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
zV = 22.5
4 ( 6.25 ) 3
= 19.85 mm AV =
( 6.25)2
= 61.36 mm 2
A, mm 2
I II III IV V
x , mm
y , mm
z , mm
xA, mm3
18 750 18 750 12 937.5
yA, mm3
0
zA, mm3
45 000 22 500
13 500
12.5 25 28.75 10 10
30 30 30 37.5 19.85
6.25
12.5
4687.5 5625
0 0
10 313
0 0
3750 613.6
46 074
14 062.5 1218.0
65 720
Have
X A = xA
X 2263.64 mm 2 = 46 074 mm 3
or X = 20.4 mm or Y = 4.55 mm
Y A = yA Y 2263.64 mm 2 = 10 313 mm 3
Z A = zA
Z 2263.64 mm 2 = 65 720 mm 3
or Z = 29.0 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.