GROTH CORPORATION INTRODUCTION AND ISO 23800 PRESENTATION

www.ori.milano.it

HYSTORY

GROTH CORPORATION
Established in 1960 by Ed Groth as Groth Equipment Today is a Global leader in low pressure protection Equipment Since 1999 part of the Continental Group [CDC] Scope of supply: Pressure Vacuum Relief Vents Flame and Detonation Arresters Blanket Gas Regulators Pilot Operated Valves Bio-gas control equipment

www.ori.milano.it

MARKETS

CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL OIL & GAS FOOD & BEVERAGE PHARMACEUTICAL BIO-GAS CONTROL EQUIPMENT BIOTANK FARMS

www.ori.milano.it

FULL TANK PROTECTION SYSTEM

www.ori.milano.it

FULL PRODUCT RANGE

PRESSURE VACUUM RELIEF VENTS

www.ori.milano.it

FULL PRODUCT RANGE

EMERGENCY RELIEF VENTS

2000A [Weight loaded]

2050A w/loaded w/vacuum

2100A- spring loaded [Ps>1.0 psig]

www.ori.milano.it

2400A Weight Loaded hinged style 2500 POV Valve

FULL PRODUCT RANGE

PILOT OPERATED RELIEF VENTS

1460

1430

1420

1400

www.ori.milano.it

1660

FULL PRODUCT RANGE

BLANKET REGULATORS AND FLAME ARRESTORS

www.ori.milano.it

FUNDAMENTALS OF TANK PROTECTION

www.ori.milano.it

API VESSEL STANDARD API 650

www.ori.milano.it

API VESSEL STANDARD API 620

www.ori.milano.it

DESIGN CODES RECOMMENDED PRACTICE

Pressure Vessels ASME Section VIII API RP520 Storage Tanks

15 Psig [1.034 Bar-g]

www.ori.milano.it

API 620 & API 650 (< 2.5 psig / 0.172 bar-g) API 2000 Venting API 2521 & API 2523 Evaporation Loss

VENT VALVE SIZING AND SELECTION STANDARDS

www.ori.milano.it

AGENDA

www.ori.milano.it

Background Scope & Boundary Conditions of Standards General Venting Overview Required Outbreathing Venting Capacity Required Inbreathing Venting Capacity Sizing and Selection Example Emergency Case Sizing Production Testing Final Notes

BACKGROUND
The purpose of the API2000, EN 14015, and ISO28300 standards is to provide a method for and guidance to sizing and selecting venting devices for atmospheric storage tanks API2000 has been an industry standard worldwide since being published in 1952 The European Union developed and released a similar standard based on industry studies (EN14015) in 2004 ISO 28300 was released in 2008 with the intention that it would be adopted by countries, local regulators, manufacturers, and end users worldwide, replacing the current API 2000 and EN 14015 documents.
www.ori.milano.it

The API committee is currently voting to adopt the ISO 28300 document as the new edition of API 2000.

ISO 28300 Document

Determination of Normal Venting Requirement using EN 14015 formulas Determination of Emergency Venting Requirements using API 2000 tables / formulas Inclusion of current API 2000 Normal Venting Requirement formulas in an informative Annex Production Testing updates, including a detailed definition of set pressure and a requirement for leakage testing Inert-Gas Blanketing guidance for flashback protection (includes instruction for use of flame arresters in conjunction with blanketing)
www.ori.milano.it

Specific guidance for tanks with potentially flammable atmospheres (explosion prevention, blanketing, flame propagation through vent valves)

SCOPE & BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

www.ori.milano.it

Scope
Both API 2000 and ISO 28300 share the same scope, as follows:
Normal and emergency vapor venting requirements for aboveground liquid petroleum storage tanks Covers the causes of overpressure and vacuum, determination of venting requirements, means of venting, selection and installation of venting devices, and testing and marking of relief devices Can also be applied to tanks containing other liquids; however, sound engineering analysis and judgment must be used when applied to tanks containing other liquids
www.ori.milano.it

Does NOT apply to external floating roof tanks

Boundary Conditions Comparison

API 2000 Full vacuum through 1.034 barg Aboveground tanks for liquid petroleum or petroleum products and aboveground and underground refrigerated storage tanks Fixed roof tanks Tank volumes up to 28,618m3 No insulation factor considered for regular venting (emergency only) EN 14015 -20 mbar through 500 mbar Non-refrigerated tanks Fixed roof tanks (with or without internal floating roofs) No limit on tank volume Insulation considered for regular and emergency venting ISO 28300 Full vacuum through 1.034 barg Aboveground tanks for liquid petroleum or petroleum products and aboveground and underground refrigerated storage tanks Fixed roof tanks No limit on tank volume Insulation considered for regular and emergency venting

www.ori.milano.it

GENERAL VENTING OVERVIEW

www.ori.milano.it

10

General Sizing
When determining required flow capacities for a process the engineer / designer MUST take into consideration all potential causes of overpressure. Most processes simply take into account three cases of potential overpressure (as shown below).

www.ori.milano.it

NORMAL VENTING: OUTBREATHING SIZING

www.ori.milano.it

11

API 2000 Required Outbreathing Flow Capacity

Fluid Movement Based on boiling point / flash point of liquid, and input flow rate Required Flow Capacity (NCMH) = Pump In (m3/h) * X X = Liquid Factor from table at right Thermal Effects Based on Tank Volume, Boiling Point, and Flash Point of liquid Use table as shown below

Flash / Boiling Point

X 1.01 1.01 2.02 2.02

Flash Point >= 37.8 C Boiling Point >= 148.9 C Flash Point < 37.8 C Boiling Point < 148.9 C

www.ori.milano.it

Total Required Outbreathing Flow Capacity Sum of the Liquid Movement and Thermal Effects

EN14015 / ISO 28300 Required Outbreathing Flow Capacity

Fluid Movement Based on storage temperature and vapor pressure of liquid and input flow rate Required Flow Capacity (NCMH) = Pump In (m3/h) For storage below 40C with a vapor pressure less than 5 kPa EXCEPTION: For products stored above 40C or with a vapor pressure higher than 5kPA, increase the outbreathing by the evaporation rate Thermal Effects Based on installation latitude, tank volume, and insulation Required Flow Capacity (NCMH) = Y*VTK0.9*Ri Y = Latitude Factor (from table at right) VTK = Tank Volume (m3) Ri = Insulation Factor (separate formula) Total Required Outbreathing Flow Capacity Sum of the Liquid Movement and Thermal Effects

Latitude Below 42 Between 42 and 58 Above 58

Y 0.32 0.25 0.2

www.ori.milano.it

12

OUTBREATHING COMPARISON
(Total Required Flow Capacity vs. Tank Volume)

3500 API 2000 3000 Req u ired V en tin g C ap acity (NCM H) EN 14015 / ISO 28300

2500

2000

1500

1000

www.ori.milano.it

500

0
9 8 7 10 16 79 6 5 90 85 80 70 59 75 54 49 65 39 9 9 8 9 9 8 15 31 47 63 79 71 30 89 07 12 25 43 8 28 15 23 31 47 39 63 55 79 71 95 11 12 14 15 19 22 25 61 8

Tank Volume (Cubic Meters)

NORMAL VENTING: INBREATHING SIZING

www.ori.milano.it

13

API 2000 Required Inbreathing Flow Capacity

Fluid Movement Based on boiling point, flash point of liquid, and output flow rate Required Flow Capacity (NCMH) = Pump Out (BPH) * X X = Liquid Factor from table at right Thermal Effects Based on Tank Volume, Boiling Point, and Flash Point of liquid Use table as shown below

Flash / Boiling Point Flash Point >= 37.8 F Boiling Point >= 148.9 F Flash Point < 37.8 F Boiling Point < 148.9 F

X 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94

www.ori.milano.it

Total Required Inbreathing Flow Capacity Sum of the Liquid Movement and Thermal Effects

EN 14015 / ISO 28300 Required Inbreathing Flow Capacity

Fluid Movement Based on output flow rate Required Flow Capacity (NCMH) = Pump Out (m3/h) Thermal Effects Based on installation latitude, vapor pressure, average storage temperature, tank volume, and insulation Required Flow Capacity (NCMH) = C*VTK0.7*Ri C = Latitude / Vapor Pressure / Average Storage Temperature Factor (from table at right) Latitude C-Factor for Given Conditions VTK = Tank Volume (m3) Vapor Pressure Vapor Pressure Hexane or Similar Higher than Ri = Insulation Factor (separate formula) Hexane or
Unknown Average Storage Temperature ( C) <25 Below 42 Between 42 and 58 4 3 2.5 >25 6.5 5 4 <25 6.5 5 4 >25 6.5 5 4

www.ori.milano.it

Above 58

Total Required Inbreathing Flow Capacity Sum of the Liquid Movement and Thermal Effects

14

INBREATHING COMPARISON
(Total Required Flow Capacity vs. Tank Volume)

7000 API 2000 6000 EN 14015 / ISO 28300

Req u ired V en tin g Cap acity (NC M H )

5000

4000

3000

2000

www.ori.milano.it

1000

0
79 10 16 9 8 7 6 5 9 9 8 8 9 90 85 80 75 70 65 54 15 31 47 63 79 39 59 49 71 9 89 07 25 43 25 12 30 8 28 15 23 31 39 47 63 71 79 55 95 11 12 14 15 19 22 61 8

Tank Volume (Cubic Meters)

WHY IS IT NECESSARY TO HAVE SO MUCH VACUUM PROTECTION?

Typical tank failures happen under vacuum conditions (implosion) Tank rupture under positive is less frequent due to the tank being designed properly for this condition

www.ori.milano.it

15

SELECTION EXAMPLE

www.ori.milano.it

Example Process Conditions

www.ori.milano.it

API 650 Vertical Tank (not insulated) Volume = 12,734 m3 MAWP/MAWV = 20 mbar / -10 mbar Pump In = 795 m3/h Pump Out = 1272 m3/h Texas Installation, Storing Hexane at 15 C Utilize Model 1220A (Vent to Header) Set Pressure = 10 mbar Set Vacuum = 5 mbar

*This example was used in a presentation during an ISO Working Group meeting in
Braunschweig, Germany

16

Required Flow Capacity

EN14015 / ISO 28300 Outbreathing = 2,407 NCMH Inbreathing = 6,246 NCMH
7000

API 2000 Outbreathing = 3,089 NCMH Inbreathing = 2,671 NCMH

6000

FLUID M OVEM ENT THERM AL EFFECTS

R quire FlowC pa ity(N M ) e d a c C H

5000

4000

3000

2000

www.ori.milano.it

1000

0
hing

at bre O ut 00 PI2 0 A

g g g t hin thi n t hin rea br ea re a Inb Out I nb 515 1 1 40 00 0 1 40 N N API2 0 0/E 0 0/E 28 3 28 3 IS O IS O

Valve Selection
Groth Model 1220A Rated Flow Capacities Set Pressure = 10 mbar, flow at 100% Overpressure 6 = 3,100 NCMH Required Outbreathing Flow Capacity 8 = 4,880 NCMH API 2000 = 3,089 NCMH 10 = 7,960 NCMH 12 = 10,300 NCMH EN 14015 / ISO 28300 = 2,407 NCMH Set Vacuum = 5 mbar, flow at 100% Overpressure 6 = 1,450 NCMH Required Inbreathing Flow Capacity 8 = 2,350 NCMH API 2000 = 2,671 NCMH 10 = 3,810 NCMH 12 = 5,390 NCMH EN 14015 / ISO 28300 = 6,246 NCMH

www.ori.milano.it

Thus, a tank sized per API2000 would require one (1) 10 Model 1220A while a tank sized per EN 14015 / ISO 28300 would require two (2) 10 Model 1220A An interesting note is that a valve selected per the API 2000 standard is dictated by the required outbreathing flow capacity while a valve selected per the EN14015 / ISO 28300 standard is dictated by the required inbreathing flow capacity

17

EMERGENCY CASE SIZING

www.ori.milano.it

API 2000 & ISO 28300 Required Emergency Flow Capacity

The sizing for emergency relief valves is equivalent in both API2000 and ISO28300 Sizing is based on tank volume, flash point / boiling point of liquid, insulation, latent heat of vaporization, wetted surface area, design pressure, and temperature of relieving vapor. One of two methods can be used to calculate required emergency flow capacity; one which requires little knowledge of the process (typically conservative), and one which requires very detailed knowledge of the process and typically requires much less flow capacity

www.ori.milano.it

18

PRODUCTION TESTING

www.ori.milano.it

PRODUCTION TESTING

Previous editions of API 2000 and EN 14015 were not specific in the testing required at time of manufacture ISO 28300 All products must be tested for set pressure and seat leakage at the factory, prior to shipment Set pressure definition is now included Seat Leakage testing parameters defined
www.ori.milano.it

19

FINAL NOTES

www.ori.milano.it

FINAL NOTES
Current edition of API 2000 standard will change this year. The ISO 28300 standard is being voted to be adopted as the next edition of API 2000 Changes to the methods used to calculate required flow capacities (both inbreathing and outbreathing) API2000 Determination of Venting Requirements (currently Section 4.3) included as an INFORMATIVE Annex A in the ISO28300 standard. Existing installations WILL NOT be required to change installed vent valves due to changes in the standard, however, the API and ISO committees highly recommend an evaluation of all installations to determine if they are at risk.

www.ori.milano.it

20

FINAL NOTES
Production testing section was included to identify the tests that MUST be executed at the factory
Leakage testing is now a required test, Groth has conducted this test on ALL valves for several years. Definition of set pressure is now published

www.ori.milano.it

WHY NEEDED???

www.ori.milano.it

21