Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Employment in Tourism
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Work in groups to answer the following questions. Then read the text to see if your predictions were right. What is the percentage of the people working in the tourist accommodation sector in the EU, out of all the people employed? Which European country employs most of the people in the tourist accommodation sector? Which time of the year represents the height of the tourist season? Are part-time or full-time jobs more common in the accommodation field? Is the horeca market dominated by men or women from the perspective of the employment rate? To what extent? Which is the typical age range in the accommodation and horeca sectors? What do you think of the level of education of the people working in accommodation? What is the average stay with the same employer in tourism?
A study performed in 2010 after analyzing data collected in 2009 from 32 European countries (27 European Union Member States and five non-EU countries) revealed that in Europe, tourism is an important driver of economic, social and cultural development. This is because the contribution made by the tourism industry to the European labour market is really worth taking into account. The analysis in the research focused mainly on the tourist accommodation sector, not on the entire tourism industry. The study revealed that in 2007, more than 9 million people were employed in the EU hotels, restaurants and catering sector, which equals 4.2 % of all people employed. In this sector, the highest number of jobs was observed in Spain (1.45 million) and Germany (1.43 million). About one in every four people employed in the horeca sector works in an enterprise providing tourist accommodation (hotels and similar accommodation, including campsites etc.). At the height of the tourist season, i.e. in the third quarter of the year, the number of people employed rises by an additional 10 %. As regards the type of employment, it was found that about four out of every five people are employed on a full-time basis. Nevertheless, the results range from almost no part-time employment in the tourist accommodation sector in Bulgaria or Romania, to a rate of 60 % in the Netherlands. Countries with a high share of part-time employment in shortstay accommodation include the Netherlands and Denmark (44 %), Norway (38 %), Germany (32 %) and Sweden (30 %). These countries also have around 25 % or more part-time workers in the labour market, as a whole, compared to the EU average of 18 %. As far as gender is concerned, the tourist accommodation sector is a major employer of women. On average, 60 % of the EU labour force in this sector are female workers who make up only 45 % of the people employed in all EU economic activities. In terms of creating job opportunities for women, the accommodation sector scores even better than the entire hotels and restaurants sector where female employment stands at 56 %. Among the countries for which data are available, more than two out of every three people employed in the tourist accommodation sector are female in Romania (72 %), Norway (71 %), Poland (70 %), Finland (70 %) and Germany (69 %). Malta (38 %) and Italy (49 %) are the only countries where women do not take the majority of the jobs in the tourist accommodation sector. But, together with Greece, these two countries also have the lowest female participation rate in their whole economy. Both the hotels and restaurants sector and the tourist accommodation sector offer job opportunities to a young workforce. Indeed, 48 % of people employed in hotels and restaurants, and 43 % in tourist accommodation, are younger than 35 years old. Both sectors have a much younger age profile than the rest of the EU labour market, where only about one in three employees is under 35. Under-35s make up more than half of the employees in the tourist accommodation sector in Slovakia (58 %), the Netherlands (56 %), Sweden (56 %) and Norway (56 %). The data have revealed that tourist accommodation in particular employs two socio-demographic groups: young people and females. A third group strongly represented in this sector are people with a lower education level, i.e. people who have completed a lower secondary education at most. It was shown that 36 % of employees in the tourist accommodation sector have not completed their upper secondary education, compared with the general EU labour market average of 25 %. Among the countries which particularly offer jobs especially to less educated people as compared with
the entire economy are Switzerland, Germany, Sweden, Norway and Denmark. In the EU, Portugal has the highest share of employees who have a low level of education. These findings are in agreement with the statistics on information and communication technology use in enterprises. These indicate that the tourist accommodation sector does not require a high level of e-skills from most staff. Instead, only 36 % of the employees in this sector use computers in their daily work, compared with almost one in every two employees (49 %) when considering all economic activities. As regards the job duration and the average stay with the same employer, the sector appears to offer less stable jobs than the rest of the labour market. The proportion of those having a temporary job rather than a permanent one is more than twice as high in the tourist accommodation sector than in the whole economy. In all the countries for which data on job duration is available, the accommodation sector performs relatively poorly. The largest discrepancies between this sector and the whole economy can be observed in Greece (59 % permanent jobs versus 89 % in the whole economy), Italy, Sweden and Bulgaria. The more limited availability of permanent jobs can be linked to the seasonal nature of tourism. Indeed, these four countries also appear to have the largest variation in number of people employed between the highest and lowest quarters. The lowest shares of permanent jobs in the tourist accommodation sector can be found in Poland, which also has the lowest proportion of permanent jobs in the economy as a whole. Another indicator of employment stability is the average stay with the same employer. Staff turnover is much higher in the accommodation sector with an average stay with the same employer of slightly over six years than in all economic activities taken together (over 10 years). II. Fill in the gaps with the words given: margarita paid global thriving ropes staff incalculable festive occupation boring away
Tourism is an industry that is 1growing. It is one of the things that ..2..many societies while it offers travellers a chance to relax and experience something new. The field of tourism is so vast that the number and type of travel&tourism jobs is practically.3.. Any 4..that involves travel or dealing with tourists would be considered travel and tourism jobs in tourism. From the stewardess on the airplane down to the person serving you your .5on the beach, all of these jobs are created to contribute to tourism and make it the wonderful, .6industry that it is. If you want to .7. involved in travel & tourism jobs, you shouldnt have to look very far. Or you can actually look as far .8as you like because every tourist destination can use people who speak English, as it is one of the common languages for tourists to speak. Either near where you live or far away you can find work in 9.tourism. As with any job, you are in a better position to have a good job if you have education and experience .10..you. If you have studied about tourism or international subjects you can feel more .11..about working in the field. If you have some kind of experience you might also have advantage in getting a job. Many of the jobs people do in 12.old companies can also be done in the travel and tourism jobs field. You can work on a cruise ship. You can travel to exotic destinations and enjoy the 13atmosphere that exists on a cruise ship every day, and get 14..for it! You can also work in the travel industry either as a travel agent, or even working as an airplane attendant. Think about the last trip you took. Consider all the people you talked to. Most of them were probably working in travel tourism jobs. The 15..at your hotel, the organizers of tours, restaurant workers, everywhere you went, you saw people working in jobs in tourism. You dont have to have an amazing education in IT to work in the industry. You can start out as a waitress and then learn the ..16..and work your way up to where you want to be. Experience is the thing that will get you to the position you really want. And in travel tourism jobs, it can be fun to work your way up!
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1. travel and information a. is responsible for organizing important events, such as receptions, weddings, consultant banquets; 2. banqueting manager b. lead and control games played at casinos, calculate winnings and losses, and pay out winning bets; 3. cellarman c. is a facilitator for arranging and helping customers in opting for the best travel packages that suit their interests and likings; 4. restaurant greeter d. a chef who specializes in baking goods made from ingredients such as flour, milk, butter, baking powder or eggs, like cakes, tarts etc. 5. tour guide e. assists guests or residents, as by handling the storage of luggage, taking and delivering messages, and making reservations for tours; 6. sommelier f. teaches or guides outdoor activities such as rafting, kayaking, diving, fishing, climbing and caving; 7. concierge g. ensures that restaurants operate efficiently and profitably, by coordinating a variety of activities, maintaining high standards of food, service, and health and safety; 8. outdoor recreation guide h. works at visitor information centres, providing customers with information about tourist attractions, accommodation and travel. They also make bookings for customers; 9. pastry cook i. takes overall care of the resort, this including everything from staff management and guest welfare to chalet maintenance; 10. casino worker j. escorts people on sightseeing, educational or other tours, and describes points of interest; 11. resort manager k. works a late evening and usually through the night shift on the front desk. They make room reservations, provide information and services to guests and receive payment for services as well as specific night duties including entering of accounting information and hotel security 12. transportation l. is responsible for greeting guests in a warm and friendly manner, controlling the flow attendant of work in the room by seating guests in station rotation, handling the reservation book and taking incoming telephone calls; 13. restaurant manager m. orders and maintains the wines sold in the restaurant and usually has extensive knowledge about wine and food pairings; 14. night audit clerk n. provides boarding assistance to elderly, sick or injured people, open and close doors for passengers, respond to passengers questions, requests, or complaints; 15. travel agent o. is in charge of the cellar in a bar or restaurant and is responsible for maintaining good storage conditions. IV. Fill in the gaps in the following fragment from the NET Manifesto, using the words in brackets: The British tourism industry has responded extremely 1..(positive) to the Governments challenge, set last summer, to create a marketing fund of more than 100 million to boost tourism around the ..2(come) Royal Wedding, The Queens Diamond Jubilee and The London Olympic and Paralympic Games. The four-year marketing campaign, full details of which will be ..3.(veil) in the spring, aims to deliver: 1 million extra ..4..(sea) visitors a year; 2 billion more visitor spending the UK; and 50,000 new jobs across the country. Companies including British Airways, DFDS (ferries), lastminute.com, P&O and Radisson Edwardian have pledged cash and payment to help match the 50 million of public money already committed by national tourism agency, VisitBritain.
At a Reception in Downing Street to thank those already involved, Prime Minister David Cameron said: This year and next will see the eyes of the world focused on Britain as never before. A Royal Wedding, Her Majestys Diamond Jubilee and of course the London Olympic and Paralympic Games offer us a once-in-a-..5.. (time) opportunity, not just for national pride and celebration, but also to promote this country as the perfect tourist destination, helping to create 50,000 new jobs and bring 2 billion more visitor spending to the UK. Secretary of State for Culture, Olympics, Media & Sport Jeremy Hunt added: This is Britains moment. A wonderful and ..6.(precede) opportunity to tell the world that we are well and truly back in business, and that there is no better place to take a holiday, not just in order to be part of the big-ticket events of the next two years, but to enjoy everything else we have to offer. British companies have dug deep to back us in promoting this idea. And I hope that others will pitch in too to become part of the global launch to market Britain as quite .7. ..(literal) the greatest show on earth. Simon Johnson, Passenger Services Director for P&O Ferries said: "As the eyes of the world focus on Britain in the run up to the 2012 Olympics we have a rare opportunity to build ..8.(bind) tourism not just in the short term but for repeat visits for future years. Now is the time to invest to secure that opportunity and we welcome the government's 9.(commit) and look forward to working with VisitBritain as a ..10(found) partner of this exciting initiative. (http://www.culture.gov.uk/news/media_releases.aspx) V. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate preposition: about for from in
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1. Could you take care ..the seating arrangements for the conference? 2. Mrs. Brown has complained the manager the food. 3. The number of staff depends ..the season. 4. Something seems to have happened ..the heating system. It doesnt work! 5. All employees are expected to be loyal the company. 6. Im relying .. you to sort out this problem peacefully. 7. Ill discuss how to promote your idea of a Japanese night, and well discuss it later. 8. We should provide our cleaners ...new uniforms. 9. Im glad you reminded me the meeting. Id forgotten. 10. Everyone is responsible .maintaining high standards in the establishment. 11. Its been so cold that theres been no demand .soft drinks. 12. Our restaurant is famous .its fish dishes.
VI. Translate into English: 10.000 de romni la 500.000 de cretani. Dac i fac un partid, romnii pot ctiga locuri importante n municipaliti. Aici, auzi mai peste tot vorbindu-se romnete. E firesc. n momentul de fa, muncesc legal in Creta peste 10.000 de romni, ali circa 3.000 muncind la negru. Crora se adaug turitii, nu puini, dei nu la fel muli ca ruii sau polonezii. Nu e o cifr prea mare dac o raportm la milioanele de romni din Italia sau Spania, dar e semnificativ n raport cu cei 500.000 btinai. Romnii care muncesc legal aici fac toate meseriile posibile, n general cele legate de turism, dar nu exclusiv, pentru c am cunoscut conceteni medici, funcionari bancari sau patroni de mici firme de IT. ns pe cei mai muli romni i-am ntlnit n agenii de turism, hoteluri, restaurante, taverne i terase, fcndu-i cu pricepere i amabilitate meseriile, indiferent c erau ghizi, chelneri, recepioneri, buctari - apropo, o meserie cutat i excelent pltit i n Creta! - traductori sau vnztori. Ei nii cred c snt ajutai n gsirea rapid a slujbelor i n buna lor exercitare de adaptabilitate i de cunoaterea limbilor strine. Cei mai muli din cele cteva zeci de romni cunoscui de mine aici, n ultimii ani, vorbeau, pe lng limba matern, greaca i engleza, unii franceza sau germana, ba chiar i
limbi mai exotice pentru noi, precum rusa, polona, ceha, srbo-croata sau olandeza. Am cunoscut ghizi care vorbeau fluent 5 - 6 limbi, pe care le schimbau instantaneu, la nevoie.
10.000 de romni, majoritatea grupai n regiunea Iraklion, cea mai dezvoltat turistic. Dac i-ar face o UDMR, m rog UDRC, ar putea ctiga posturi importante n municipaliti precum Iraklion sau Hersonissos, cea mai mare staiune din Creta. Norocul cretanilor e c romnii nu-s organizai nici aici!