ABSTRACT

The task of the project involved the design and implementation of the Cargo Handling for Ship. The system is using various screen formats and menus for data entry with necessary error handling capabilities. Utmost care has been taken to make the system less error prone.

In this mechanical world, time seems to be a precious thing. Keeping time as a vital factor that transportation has been developed, it implements the storage and retrieval system of day-to-day activities which involves daily transaction report, monthly wise report on goods delivered, report on advance bookings of transportation and enquires which enables us to provide efficient and accurate methods of organizing and accessing different types of information.

After commencing with a short focus on current trends, this Project presents a practical approach to the reformation of cargo management applications.

Customer Registration Customer Transaction Shipment Details Rate & Bill Advance Bookings Enquiry Shipping and Receiving Processing & Delivery Goods Truck number on which goods sent Reports

INTRODUCTION

The Project deals with building a cargo management system for the Ship authority of India. Ship Authority of India deals with International Ship cargo, which flows in and out of the country. The System that is to be developed is a Client Server System that should be able to collect information pertaining to the cargo and store it in the database. The Software has been designed to present a user-friendly interface so that even lay-users can work in the system.

PROBLEM DEFINITION

The Ship Cargo System is, more than a single system, a strategy for managing todays diverse material information needs amid dynamic missions. The integration goals of shi cargo system are administrative as well as systems oriented. Administratively, the goal is to identify various information needs and integrate the efforts dealing with them and, in this way, minimize duplication and produce consistent data.

PROJECT DESCRIPTIONS

Along the chain from customer to supplier are a wide variety of activities ranging from ordering, invoicing, agency functions, warehousing, shipment, insurance, customs clearance, distribution and wholesaling to retailing.

Logging In Your login and password is configurable in the site admin tab of Forward. An admin account is able to add and edit the account details of any user. Make sure your password is something you will remember, yet secure.

MODULE DESCRIPTIONS The activities involved in each module can be explained as follows:

Customer Details: This form consists the details of customer and who ever approach the cargo service system. Automatically he is enrolled in the system. Hence the addition of new customer can be done, modification of the customer details can be done and if the customer details are not required then their exits and option of deletion then return to the main menu.

Customer Transaction Details:

In this form a customer is given a bill number which when ever we want to have a transaction if the bill number is given then automatically the customer name will be given and type of goods to be send or received one main tend in this form and addition ,modification ,and deletion can be performed in this tractions.

Bill Details: In this form as soon as the bill number is given automatically the details of the customers and services of goods and amount are displayed it also consists of date of delivery of goods of receiving of goods are maintained.

Advance Bookings: In this form consist of the details for the advance booking dates of the goods to be sent to the destination places & the for delivering the goods are also maintained in this form.

Enquiry: This mainly consist of the enquiry details about the goods as the bill number is given it automatically displays the details about vehicle in which the goods. Have been sent and the date of delivery and the surcharges & advance gives and the balances are maintained this transaction.

Delivery Details: The form consists of the delivering details of the goods as the bill number is given it automatically generation the goods number date of sent, date of receipts. Receipt name of address are given have we can add or modify or delete the recent type of transaction which we need.

Shipment Service: Shipment Service is commonly used by transport service providers employing interactive applications. The greatest demand for shipment service has developed in expresses or parcel delivery services.

Logistics: According to the Council of Logistics Management, logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption in order to meet customers' requirements.

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

The model that is basically being followed is the Water Fall Model, which states that the phases are organized in a linear order. First of all the feasibility study is done. Once that part is over the requirement analysis and project planning begins. If system exists one and modification and addition of new module is needed, analysis of present system can be used as basic model. The design starts after the requirement analysis is complete and the coding begins after the design is complete. Once the programming is completed, the testing is done. In this model the sequence of activities performed in a software development project are: -

Requirement Analysis Project Planning System design Detail design Coding Unit testing System integration & testing

Here the linear ordering of these activities is critical. End of the phase and the output of one phase is the input of other phase. The output of each phase is to be consistent with the overall requirement of the system. Some of the qualities of spiral model are also incorporated like after the people concerned with the project review completion of each of the phase the work done.

EXISTING SYSTEM The Administration duties of the existing cargo system involve separate calculations and storing of a huge amount of data. This procedure is tedious and time consuming. Searching of particular information is very complicated in the existing system. The main drawbacks of the existing system that found during the system analysis phases were, Q. Time slaying procedure for processing invoice and billing. Q. No proper security. Q. Data retrieval is very slow. PROPOSED SYSTEM

The material information systems that are currently in material accountability, laboratory analysis, and remote inventory monitoring. These core systems are essential for accomplishing site missions. However, there are other activities related to handling, processing, analyzing, or evaluating material inventories for which additional information capabilities can produce important results and cost-efficiencies.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS The system requirements are classified into two namely,

1. 2. 3.

Functional Requirements Operational Requirements Performance Requirements

Functional Requirements The functional requirements specify the kind of data that the database will contain the system records related details of the database. Removals of wrong entries are possible whenever necessary. It provides facility for updating whenever any changes are to be made. There are provision to view the first, next, last and previous record in the database.

Operational Requirements The operational requirements specify the performance standards to be attained by the new system, the storage of the database and other features of the software. The system needs of database tables for the efficient maintenance of the records. The system must be very descriptive and easy to use and must provide the end user with the help files. The response time should be less.

Performance Requirements The following performance characteristics should be taken care of while developing the system:

User friendliness: The system should be easy to learn and understand so that new user can also use the system effectively, without any difficulty. User satisfaction: The system should meet user expectations. Response time: The response time of all the operations should be low. This can be made possible by careful programming. Error handling: Response to user errors and the undesired situations should be taken care of to ensure that the system operates without halting. Safety: The system should be able to avoid or tackle catastrophic behavior. Robustness: The system should recover from undesired events without human intervention.

Acceptance Criteria: The following acceptance criteria were established for the evaluation of the new system:

User friendliness: The system should meet user needs and should be easy to learn and use. Modularity: The system should have relatively independent and single function parts. Maintainability: The system should be such that future maintenance and enhancements times and efforts are reduced. Timeliness: The system should operate well under normal, peak and recovery conditions. The system developed should be accurate and hence reliable i.e. the error rate should be minimized and the outputs should be consistent and correct. Both the execution time and response time should be negligibly low. The system should be efficient i.e. the resources utilization should be optimal.

The system should have scope to foresee modifications and enhancements i.e. it should be able to cope with the changes in future technology.

Identification of the Need: Before a systems development project begins, there must be a significant expression of need. This expression of need comes from work in four areas. 1. Perceiving a problem 2. Defining a problem 3. Relating the problem to the domain of the computer 4. Formalizing the need

Preliminary Investigation: This first consist of a brief survey of the areas involved and will result in taking the project into the next phase, postponing development for a period or recommending that no further action be taken. Sometimes it is subdivided into a preliminary investigation (initial study) followed by a more detailed feasibility study. The phase is initiated by management, which contains perceive the need because of changes ore expected changes in the business environment, limitation or failure of existing systems, or the awareness of technological advances relating to the particular area involved in particular systems which competitors are developing. Information systems projects originate for many reasons: To achieve greater speed in processing data, better accuracy and improved consistency, faster information retrieval, integration of business areas, reduced cost and better security. The three activity of the preliminary investigation are 1. Request clarification 2. Feasibility study 3. Request approval Request Clarification Many requests form users in the organization are not clearly defined. Therefore, in the system most of the request has fully clarified properly before the consideration of the system investigation.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

Processor Processor Speed RAM Hard Disk Key Board Mouse

Intel Pentium IV 2.6 GHz 512 MB 80GB 107 Normal Keyboard Optical Scroll

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS IDE Code behind Database Operating System .Net Framework 2005 VB.Net SQL Server 2005 Windows XP

SOFTWARE PROFILE

What is the .NET Framework?

The .NET Framework defines an environment that supports the development and execution of highly distributed, component-based applications. It enables differing computer languages to work together and provides for security, program portability, and a common programming model for the Windows platform. As it relates to C#, the .NET Framework defines two very important entities. The first is the Common Language Runtime (CLR). This is the system that manages the execution of your program. Along with other benefits, the Common Language Runtime is the part of the .NET Framework that enables programs to be portable, supports mixed-language programming, and provides for security. The second entity is the .NET Framework class library. This library gives your program access to the runtime environment. For example, if you want to perform I/O, such as displaying something on the screen, you will use the .NET library to do it. If you are new to programming, then the term class may be new. Although it is explained in detail later in this book, for now a brief definition will suffice: a class is an object-oriented construct that helps organize programs. As long as your program restricts itself to the features defined by the .NET Framework class library, your programs can run anywhere that the .NET runtime system is supported. Since C# automatically uses the .NET Framework class library, C# programs are automatically portable to all .NET environments.

The goal of the Microsoft .NET platform is to simplify web development. The .Net Framework provides the foundation upon which application and XML web services are build and executed the unified Nature of the .Net Framework means that all applications, whether they are windows applications, web applications are XML web services are developer by using a common set tools and code, and are easily integrated with one another.

The .Net Framework Architecture: The .NET Framework has two components: the .NET Framework class library and the common language runtime.

How the Common Language Runtime Works:

The Common Language Runtime manages the execution of .NET code. Here is how it works: When you compile a C# program, the output of the compiler is not executable code. Instead, it is a file that contains a special type of pseudo code called Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL). MSIL defines a set of portable instructions that are independent of any specific CPU. In essence, MSIL defines a portable assembly language. One other point: Although MSIL is similar in concept to Javas byte code; the two are not the same. It is the job of the CLR to translate the intermediate code into executable code when a program is run. Thus, any program compiled to MSIL can be run in any environment for which the CLR is implemented. This is part of how the .NET Framework achieves portability. Microsoft Intermediate Language is turned into executable code by using a JIT compiler. JIT stands for Just-InTime. The process works like this: When a .NET program is executed, the CLR activates the JIT compiler. The JIT compiler converts MSIL into native code on a demand basis as each part of your program is needed. Thus, your C# program actually executes as native code even though it is initially compiled into MSIL. This means that your program runs nearly as fast as it would if it had been compiled to native code in the first place, but it gains the portability benefits of MSIL. In addition to MSIL, one other thing is output when you compile a C# program: metadata. Metadata describes the data used by your program and enables your code to interact with other code. The metadata is contained in the same file as the MSIL.

The Common Language Specification:

Although all managed code gains the benefits provided by the CLR, if your code will be used by other programs written in different languages, then for maximum usability, it should adhere to the Common Language Specification (CLS). The CLS describes a set of features that different languages have in common. CLS compliance is especially important when creating software components that will be used by other languages. The CLS includes a subset of the Common Type System (CTS). The CTS defines the rules concerning data types. Of course, C# supports both the CLS and the CTS. Architecture of CLR: The .Net Framework Components: The .NET Framework provides the compile time and runtime foundation to build and run. .Net-based applications. The .NET Framework consists of different components that help to build and run .Net-based applications:

Platform substrate Application Service . Net Framework Class Library Common Language Runtime Microsoft ADO.NET ASP .NET XML Web services User Interfaces Languages

Visual Studio.Net: The Visual Studio .NET Integrated Development Environment (IDE) provides with a common interface for developing various kinds of projects for the .NET Framework. The IDE provides with a centralized location for designing the user interface for the applications, writing code and compiling and debugging the application. The Visual Studio .NET IDE is an available to all programmer who use the language in the Visual Studio .NET suite.
.NET Class Library .NET comes with thousands of classes to perform all important and not-so-important operations. Its library is completely object oriented, providing around 5000 classes to perform just about everything. Visual Basic .NET (VB.NET) is an object-oriented computer language that can be viewed as an evolution of Microsoft's Visual Basic (VB) implemented on the Microsoft .NET framework. The great majority of VB.NET developers use Visual Studio .NET as their integrated development environment (IDE). Visual Basic .NET provides the easiest, most productive language and tool for rapidly building Windows and Web applications. Visual Basic .NET comes with enhanced visual designers, increased application performance, and a powerful integrated development environment (IDE). It also supports creation of applications for wireless, Internetenabled hand-held devices. The following are the features of Visual Basic .NET with .NET Framework 1.0 and Visual Basic .NET 2003 with .NET Framework 1.1. SOME FEATURES OF VB.NET: Powerful Windows-based Applications

Visual Basic .NET comes with features such as a powerful new forms designer, an in-place menu editor, and automatic control anchoring and docking. Visual Basic .NET delivers new productivity features for building more robust applications easily and quickly. With an improved integrated development environment (IDE) and a significantly reduced startup time, Visual Basic .NET offers fast, automatic formatting of code as you type, improved IntelliSense, an enhanced object browser and XML designer, and much more. Building Web-based Applications With Visual Basic .NET we can create Web applications using the shared Web Forms Designer and the familiar "drag and drop" feature. You can double-click and write code to respond to events. Visual Basic .NET 2003 comes with an enhanced HTML Editor for working with complex Web pages. We can also use IntelliSense technology and tag completion, or choose the WYSIWYG editor for visual authoring of interactive Web applications. Simplified Deployment With Visual Basic .NET we can build applications more rapidly and deploy and maintain them with efficiency.

Powerful, Flexible, Simplified Data Access You can tackle any data access scenario easily with ADO.NET and ADO data access. The flexibility of ADO.NET enables data binding to any database, as well as classes, collections, and arrays, and provides true XML representation of data. Seamless access to ADO enables simple data access for connected data binding scenarios. Using ADO.NET, Visual Basic .NET can gain high-speed access to MS SQL Server, Oracle, DB2, Microsoft Access, and more. Improved Coding You can code faster and more effectively. A multitude of enhancements to the code editor, including enhanced IntelliSense, smart listing of code for greater readability and a background compiler for real-time notification of syntax errors transforms into a rapid application development (RAD) coding machine. Direct Access to the Platform Visual Basic developers can have full access to the capabilities available in .NET Framework 1.1. Developers can easily program system services including the event log, performance counters and file system. The new Windows Service project template enables to build real Microsoft Windows NT Services. Programming against Windows Services and creating new Windows Services is not available in Visual Basic .NET Standard, it requires Visual Studio 2003 Professional, or higher. Full Object-Oriented Constructs You can create reusable, enterprise-class code using full object-oriented constructs. Language features include full implementation inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism. Structured exception handling provides a global error handler and eliminates spaghetti code. Collecting User Input & Presentation and Informational Controls Many controls and components are designed to collect information from the user or to prompt the user to

Buttons Button press events let you place code in the Click event handler to perform any action defined in the button event. The analogy is clicking A physical VCR button. Text Edit boxes Lets the user enter text in a fieldlike container Check boxes Lets the user choose items on a check list Radio buttons Provide a toggle facility (only one may be on at any time) Combo boxes Provide a list of items to choose from DomainUpDownBox A combination of a text box and a pair of buttons for moving up or Down through a list without having to expand it NumericUpDownBox A combination of a text box and a pair of buttons for moving up or Down through a list of numbers DateAndTimePicker A control for interactively selecting a single item from a list of dates or times Calendar A control of some graphical proportions that allows a user to view and Set date information. The analogy is a calendar hanging on the wall. Palette A preconfigured dialog box that allows the user to select a color from a Palette and to add custom colors to that palette List Box A control that displays a list of items from which the user can choose CheckedListBox A control that displays a list of items the user can check to signify a selection

List View A list of items in a container, such as the list of files in a folder Tree View A collection of items organized in a hierarchical fashion, with roots, branches, and leaf nodes Track Bar A control that lets you set positions on a notched scale Toolbar A formlike object that contains and enumerates buttons representing menu options and events Label Displays text or images that cannot be edited LinkLabel Allows you to add Webstyle links to Forms applications StatusBar Used on forms to display status information NotifyIcon Typically used to display icons for processes that run in the background and do not show a UI much of the time PictureBox Used to display bitmaps, GIFs, JPEGs, metafiles, or icons ImageList Provides a container to store images ProgressBar Visually indicates the progress of a lengthy operation Grids Displays data in a series of rows and columns ToolTip

Displays text when the user points at certain controls

ErrorProvider Alerts the user in a no intrusive way to errors HelpProvider Used to display help information

MICROSOFT SQL SERVER 2005

Features of SQL Server 2005

Internet Integration. The SQL Server 2005 database engine includes integrated XML support. It also has the scalability, availability, and security features required to operate as the data storage component of the largest Web sites. The SQL Server 2005 programming model is integrated with the Windows DNA architecture for developing Web applications, and SQL Server 2005 supports features such as English Query and the Microsoft Search Service to incorporate user-friendly queries and powerful search capabilities in Web applications.

Scalability and Availability. The same database engine can be used across platforms ranging from laptop computers running Microsoft Windows 98 through large, multiprocessor servers running Microsoft Windows 2005 Data Center Edition. SQL Server 2005 Enterprise Edition supports features such as federated servers, indexed views, and large memory support that allow it to scale to the performance levels required by the largest Web sites.

Enterprise-Level Database Features. The SQL Server 2005 relational database engine supports the features required to support demanding data processing environments. The database engine protects data integrity while minimizing the overhead of managing thousands of users concurrently modifying the database. SQL Server 2005 distributed queries allow you to reference data from multiple sources as if it were a part of a SQL Server 2005 database, while at the same time, the distributed transaction support protects the integrity of any updates of the distributed data. Replication allows you to also maintain multiple copies of data, while ensuring that the separate copies remain synchronized. You can replicate a set of data to multiple, mobile, disconnected users, have them work autonomously, and then merge their modifications back to the publisher.

Ease of installation, deployment, and use. SQL Server 2005 includes a set of administrative and development tools that improve upon the process of installing, deploying, managing, and using SQL Server across several sites. SQL Server 2005 also supports a standards-based programming model integrated with the Windows DNA, making the use of SQL Server

databases and data warehouses a seamless part of building powerful and scalable systems. These features allow you to rapidly deliver SQL Server applications that customers can implement with a minimum of installation and administrative overhead.

Data warehousing. SQL Server 2005 includes tools for extracting and analyzing summary data for online analytical processing. SQL Server also includes tools for visually designing databases and analyzing data using English-based questions.

SQL Server Enterprise Manager Microsoft Management Console (MMC) is a tool that presents a common interface for managing different server applications in a Microsoft Windows network. Server applications provide a component called an MMC snap-in that presents MMC users with a user interface for managing the server application. SQL Server Enterprise Manager is the Microsoft SQL Server MMC snap-in. SQL Server Enterprise Manager is the primary administrative tool for SQL Server and provides an MMC-compliant user interface that allows users to:

Define groups of SQL Server instances. Register individual servers in a group. Configure all SQL Server options for each registered server. Create and administer all SQL Server databases, objects, logins, users, and permissions in each registered server. Define and execute all SQL Server administrative tasks on each registered server. Design and test SQL statements, batches, and scripts interactively by invoking SQL Query Analyzer. Invoke the various wizards defined for SQL Server.

Overview of the SQL Server Tools Microsoft SQL Server 2000 includes many graphical and command prompt utilities that allow users, programmers, and administrators to:

Administer and configure SQL Server. Determine the catalog information in a copy of SQL Server. Design and test queries for retrieving data. Copy, import, export, and transform data. Provide diagnostic information. Start and stop SQL Server.

In addition to these utilities, SQL Server contains several wizards to walk administrators and programmers through the steps needed to perform more complex administrative tasks.

SYSTEM DESIGN

Designing is the most important phase of software development. It requires a careful planning and thinking on the part of the system designer. Designing software means to plan how the various parts of the software are going to achieve the desired goal. It should be done with utmost care because if the phase contains any error then that will affect the performance of the system, as a result it may take more processing time, more response time, extra coding workload etc.

Software design sits at the technical kernel of the software engineering process and is applied regardless of the software process model that is used. After the software requirements have been analyzed and specified, software design is the first of the three technical activities Designing, Coding and Testing that are required to build and verify the software. Each activity transforms information in such a manner that ultimately results in validated computer software.

DESIGN GOALS

The following goals were kept in mind while designing the system:

Make system user-friendly. This was necessary so that system could be used efficiently and system could act as catalyst in achieving objectives.

Make system compatible i.e. It should fit in the total integrated system. Future maintenance and enhancement must be less.

Make the system compatible so that it could integrate other modules of system into itself.

Make the system reliable, understandable and cost-effective.

It is the most critical factor affecting the quality of the software. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Logical Design Physical Design Input Design Output Design User Interface Design Code Design. Database Design

LOGICAL DESIGN

The logical design seeks to trace the flow of data through out the system. Data flow diagram where designed to achieve this end in a graphical format that is easy to understand. All process on any of the DFDs must have at least one input and output dataflow.

PHYSICAL DESIGN

The physical design takes into consideration the physical data flows, which must represent any of the following.
The planned implementation of an input to or output from a physical process. A database command or action such as insert, delete, and update. The import of data from or export of data to another information system across a network. The flow of data between to modules or subroutines within the same program.

INPUT DESIGN

Inputs can be classified according to two characteristics.

How data is initially captured, entered and processed. The method and technology used to capture and enter data. Input begins long before the data arrives at the input Device, be it a keyboard or a mouse. Source documentation, input screens methods and procedures for getting the data into the computer have to be designed first.

OUTPUT DESIGN Design of output screens has been kept as simple as possible. The user is provided with either a tabular representation or a statement giving details of transaction.

USER INTERFACE DESIGN The basic steps or user interface design have been followed. They are

Managing the user interface dialogue. Prototyping the dialogue and user interface. Obtaining user feedback.

CODE DESIGN

The main purpose of code design is to facilitate the identification and retrieval of information. Code design is the process of representing data flow diagram. This should be easy to debug when the error occurs.

DATABASE DESIGN

The data pertaining to proposed system is voluminous that a careful design of the database must proceed before storing the data in the database.

A database management system provides flexibility in the storage and retrieval of data bad production of information. The DBMS is a bridge between the application program, which determines what data are needed and how they are processed, and the operating system of the computer, which is responsible for placing data on the magnetic storage devices. A schema defines the database and a subschema defines the portion of the database that a specific program will use.

Data Model

The organization of the data is represented by a data model and identifies the logical organization of data. In a model of real world similar things are usually grouped into classes of object called object types.

A data model is a pattern according to which data are logically organized. It consists of the named logical units of data and expresses the relationships among the data as determined by the interpretation of the model of real world.

The relational data model is a formal model for representing relationships among attributes of an entity set and the association between entity sets. In the relational data model all attribute relationships and all associations are represented as relations. There is no distinction even at the model level, between the different kinds or relations. Syntactically all the relations are the same. The data model does not produce the introduction of additional semantic information to distinguish different relations according to their properties of models namely:

Network Model Hierarchical data model Relational Data model

Relational data Model The relational data model is a formal model for representing relationships among attributes of an entity set and the association between entity sets. In the relational data model all attribute relationships and all associations are represented as relations. There is no distinction even at the model level, between the different kinds or relations. Syntactically all the relations are the same. The data model does not produce the introduction of additional semantic information to distinguish different relations according to their properties. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

A data flow diagram is a graphical representation that depicts information flow and the transforms that are applied as data move from input to output. A data flow diagram may be used to represent a system or software at any level of abstraction. DFDs can be partitioned into levels that represent increasing information flow and functional details. Data Flow Diagram Symbols

Implementation is the stage in the project where the theoretical design is turned into a working system and is giving confidence on the new system for the uses that it will work efficiently and effectively. It involves careful planning, investigation of the current system and its constraints on implementation, design of methods to achieve the changeover, an evaluation, of change over methods. 1. Testing the developed software with sample data.

2. 3. 4. 5.

Debugging of any errors if identified. Creating the files of the system with actual data. Making necessary changes to the system to find out errors. Training of our personnel.

Apart from planning major task of preparing the implementation are education and training of users. The more complex system being implemented, the more involved will be the system analysis and the design effort required just for implementation. On implementation coordinating committee based on policies of individual organization has been appointed.

The implementation process begins with preparing the plan for the implementation for the system. According to this plan, the activities are to be carried out, discussion made regarding the equipment and resources and the additional equipment as to be acquired to implement the new system.

The implementation is the final and important phase. The most critical stage in achieving successful new system and in giving the user confidence that the new system will work and be effective. The system can be implemented only after thorough testing is done and if it found to working according to the specification.

This method also offers the greatest security since the old system can take over if the errors are found or inability to handle certain type of transaction while using new system.

SYSTEM TESTING

Testing is a process of running software in an intention to find errors in the software, which has been developed, has to be tested to prove its validity. Testing is considered to be the last creative phase of the whole cycle of system design. In the real sense it is the phase, which helps to bring out the creativity of the phases.

Testing program is the first step in the debugging process. Some peoples idea of the testing a program consists of running the program a few times to see what happens, each time using slightly different input.

This process can succeed when we have a short program, but it is not effective for a long program. In case, even for the simplest program the choice of test data is all important.

A good testing suit is vital because you must tell all the possible path execution inside your code in order to have any hope it will be bug free. Testing program is an art, not a science.

Testing of the system is done to ensure the integrity of the system. Testing is vita for the success of the project, which is the last stage of development.

Software testing is a critical element of software quality assurance and represents the ultimate review of specification, design, and coding. Once code has been generated, program testing begins. The testing process focuses on the logical internals of the software, assuring that all statements have been tested. Purpose of test plan:

Affirm the product quality. To find and eliminate the errors from previous stage. To validate the software and to eliminate the operation. Reliability of the system.

TYPES OF TESTING The software, which has been developed, has to be tested to prove its validity. The general two techniques of testing are as follow

White box testing Black box testing.

White Box Testing: The white box testing is the test case design method that uses the control structure of the procedural design test cases. In this all the independent paths within a module have been exercised at least once. The test case exercises all logical decisions on their true and false sides. It also executes all the loops at their boundaries and within their operational bounds. It ensures the internal data structures to ensure their validity. Conditional testing strategies have two advantages. The measurement of the test coverage of a condition is simple and the second one is, the test coverages of conditions in a program provides guidelines for the generation of additional tests for the program.

Black Box Testing: The black box testing which focus on the functional requirements of the software. Therefore, black box testing enables the software engineer to derive sets of input condition that will exercise all the functional requirements of the program. It attempts to find the following errors,

Incorrect or missing functions. Interface errors Errors in data structures or External database access.

Performance errors. Initialization and terminal errors.

Software Testing Strategies: As software has to be tested with pre-planned strategies. Any testing strategies must incorporate test planning, case design, test execution and the resultant data collection and evaluation. This system was tested with the help of the following software testing strategies. The testing strategies are as follows,

Unit testing Integration testing Validation testing GUI testing.

Unit Testing: The unit testing is carried out in the user login interface, trying to login wit a user name that is not registered to and also trying to login in the name registered user but with a wrong password. Integration Testing: The integrated testing is a systematic technique for constructing the program structure while conducting tests to uncover errors associated with interfacing. Each sub system has been independently tested for correctness, and then the groups have been joined and tested again and again till all the classes are included to result in a complete system.

Validation Testing: The validation testing is carried out for the cul