You are on page 1of 5

CHAPTER 1 COLD WAR ERA

Ans.1 The cold war referred to the competitions,the tensions,and a series of confrontations between the united states and soviet union backed by their respective allies. Ans.2 Areas where crises and war occurred or threatened to occur between the alliance systems but did not cross certain limit can be termed as arenas of cold war. Ans.3 The Cuban missile crises was a high point came to be known as the cold war. Ans.4 In the event of nuclear war, both sides will be so badly harmed,that it will be impossible to declare one side or other as the winner. Even if one tries to attack and disable the nuclear weapons of its rival,the other would left with enough nuclear weapons to inflicit unacceptable destruction is called logic of deterrence. Ans.5 Two allied forces USA,USSR,Britain,Italy. Ans.6 Two axis power germany,and Italy. Ans.7 2 nato members Italy,and France. Ans.8 Two warsa pact members Moscow and USSR. Ans.9 The eastern alliance headed by the soviet union ,was committed to the ideology of socialism and communism.the entire camp divided in 2 camps those of eastern Europe joined the soviet camp is called eastern alliance. Ans.10 The western alliance headed by the US represented the ideology of liberal democracy and capitalism. The entire world divide in 2 camps .this division first happened in Europe.most countries of western Europe sided with the US can be called western alliance. Ans.11 Five fouding fathers of NAM ,yugoslavias josip broz tito,India;s Jawaharlal Nehru,Egypts leader gamal abdel Nasser,Indonesias sukarno,and Ghanas kwame Nkrumah. Ans.12 In east,southeast asia,and in west asia.the united states built an alliance called the south east asian treaty (SEATO) and the central treaty organization (CENTO).. Ans.13 Countries such as north Vietnam, north korea and Iraq have close relations with soviet union and china.

Ans.14 The smaller states in the alliances used the link to superpowers for their own purpose .they got the promise of protection,weapons and economic aid against their local rivals ,mostly regional neighbours with whom they had rivalries. Ans.15 TREATIES OF ARM CONTRL 1.Limited test ban treaty 2.Nuclear non proliferation treaty. 3.Anti- ballistic missile treaty. Ans.16 The first non aligned summit was held in Belgrade in 1961. Ans.18 (LDCs) was to be more developed economically and lift their people out of poverty.economic development was also vital for the independence of the new countries.without sustained development ,a country could not be truly free.it would remain dependent on the richer countries including the colonial powers from which political freedom had been achieved. Ans.19 In the 1961,at the first summit in Belgrade,economic issues had not been very important. By the mid 1970s ,they had become the most mportant issues .. Ans.20 1.UNCTAD- the united nations conference on trade and development. 2.NAM- non- aligned movement 3.LDC- least developed countries 4.USSR-union of soviet socialist republic 5.USA- united states of America 6.NIEO- new international economic order 7.UN- united nations 8.NATO- north atlantic treaty organization. Ans.21 USA dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima; 1.To show Moscow that united states was supreme. 2.To stop the soviet union form making politary and military gains in asia and elsewhere. Ans.22 The western alliance was formalized into an organization ,the north atlantic treaty organization(NATO). Which came into existence in 1949.It was an association of twelve states which declared that armed attack on any one of them would be regarded as attack on all of them.each of these states would be obligned to help the other. Ans.23 The eastern alliance ,known as the warsa pact.was led by the soviet union.It was created on 1955 and its principal function is was to encounter NATOs forces in Europe.

Ans.24 NAM was culimination of atleast 3 factors; 1.Cooperation among five countries. 2.Growing cold war tensions,and its widening arenas. 3.The dramatic entry of many new declonised countries into the international arena.By 1960 there were new 16 members in the UN. Ans.25 difference between non aligned and neutrality. 1.Non aligned is the 20th century term and neutrality is the 18th ,19th century term. 2.Non alignment is the peace time term and neutrality is used in war time. 3.Non alignment is active and positive policy and neutrality is negative and passive policy. 4.In non alignment there are friends and foes and neutrality friends and foes are not there. Ans.26 Non alignment posture served indias intrest very directly in 2 ways : 1.First non alignment allowed india to take international decisions and stances that served its intrest rather then the interests of the superpowers and their allies. 2.second, india was often able to balance one superpower against the other. If india felt ignored or unduly pressurized by one superpower ,it could tilt towards the other. Ans.27 Indias policy of NON ALLIGNMENT was criticized on number of counts: 1.First indias non alignment was said to be unprincipled. In the name of pusuing its national intrest ,india it was often refused to take a firm stand on crucial international issues. 2.Second, india was inconsistent and took contradictory postures.having critized others for joining alliances ,India signed treaty of friendship in august 1971,with the USSR for 20 years. Ans.28 As a leader of NAM india s response to ongoing cold war was 2fold; 1.At one level it took particular care in staying away from two alliances. 2.Second it raised its voice against the newly declonised countries becoming part of these alliances. 3.Indias policy was neither negative nor passive. 4.NON ALLIGNMENT was not the policy of fleeing away. 5.India was in favour of actively intervening in world affairs to soften cold war rivalries. 6 India tried to reduce the differences between the alliances and prevent differences from escalating into full scale war. 7.Indian diplomats and leaders were often used to communicate and meditate between cold war rivals such as in the korea war in the early 1950s . 8During the cold war, india repatedly try to activate those regional and international organizations,which were not the part of the part of the alliances led by the US and USSR. 9.Nehru reposed great faith in a genuine commonwealth of free and cooperating nations that would play a positive role in softening ,if not ending the cold war...

Ans.29 Superpowers need alliances : 1.Vital resources ,such as oil and minerals. 2.Territory ,from where the superpowers could launch their weapons and troops. 3.Locations from where they spy on each other. 4.Economic support ,in that many small alies together could help pay for military expenses. 6 MARKS QUES. Ans. The cold war did not eliminate rivalries between the two alliances. 1.Mutual suspicious led them to arm themselves to the teeth and to constantly prepare for the war. 2.Huge stocks of arms were considered neccesarry to prevent wars from taking place. 3The two sides misunderstood that war might occur in spite of restraint. 4.Either side might miscalculate the number of possessions of the other side. 5.They might misunderstand the intentions of the other side. 6.A stable balance of weapons ,they decided could be maintained though arms control. Starting in 1960s the 2 sides signed 3 significant agreements,limited test ban treaty ,nuclear non proliferation treaty and anti ballistic missile treaty. Thereafter,the superpowers held several rounds of arm limitation talks and signed several more treaties to control their arms. Ans.3 answer no.28 and answer no.26 Ans.5 NAM has became irrlevent today : 1.Non aligned contain some core values and enduring ideas. 2.It was based on a recognition that declonised states share a historical affilation and can became a powerful force if theycame together. 3.Poor and often very small countries of the world need not became followers of any of the big powers,that they could pursue independent foreign policy. 4.It was also based on a resolve to democratize the international system by thinking about an alternative world order to redress existing inequities. 5.These core ideas remain relevant even after the cold war was ended

You might also like