Lintel are provided over the opning of door, window, almirah, etc.

Generally, they support the

load of the wall over it, and some times also the live load are transferred by the sub - roof of the room.
Following five cases may arise from point of view of distribution of load over the Lintel :1
2
3
4
5

When the length of wall on each side is more than half the effective span of the lintel.
When the length of wall to one side is less than half the effective span of the lintel.
When the length of wall on both side is less than half the effective span of the lintel.
When there are opening over lintel
When there is load carrying slab over the lintel.
Case 1:- When the length of wall on each side is more than half the effective span of the lintel.
The most general case.Because of arch-action in the masonry, all the load of wall above
the lintel is not transferred to the lintel.It ia assumed that the load transferred is in the form of
H
triangle,and the load on the lintel is equal to the weight of the masonry in triangular portion, as h
shown in fig 1. If, however, the height of the wall above the lintel is insufficient (i.e.if apex of triangle
falls above the top of wall), whole of the rectangulare load above the lintelis taken to act on lintel, as
shown in fig 2
>L/2
l
>L/2
0
Case 1 (H>Lsin 60 )
H = height of wall above the lintel.
L = Effective span
L = Effective length of opening.
l = Actual opening.
Fig 1
h = Effective height of masonry.
Thus, h = Lsin 60 0 = L x3/2
or L/2 x
Tringle area = 1/2 x L x L/2 3

>L/2
l
>L/2
Case 1 (H<Lsin 60 0)
L = Effective span
Fig 2

Case 2:- When the length of wall one side is less than half the effective span of the lintel.
Fig 2 show the situation where the length of wall to one side is less than the half the effective span, but the
length to the other side is more than the half the effective span. In case, the load transferred to the lintel will be equal to
the weight of masonry contained in the rectangle of height h equal to effective span.

h=L

H
60 0

60 0

<L/2
l
>L/2
Case 2 (H<Lsin 60 0)
L = Effective span
Fig 3

3 Case 3:- When the length of wall each side is less than half the effective span of the lintel.
H=h
This shown in Fig 3. The load acting on lintel will be equal to the
weight of masonry contained in rectangule of height h equal to the full height
H of wall.

60 0

60 0

<L/2
l
<L/2
Case 3 (H<Lsin 60 0)
L = Effective span
Fig 4
4 Case 4:- When there are opening on lintel.
If there are openings, due to provision of ventilators etc. and ifthese
opening are intersected by the 60 0 lines, the loading will be calculated by
allwing dispresion lines at 60 0 from the top edges of openings, as shown in
Fig 4.The total load on the lintel will be equal to the weight of the masonry
contained in the shaded area.

60 0

60 0

60 0

60 0

60 0

60 0
L

5 Case 5:- When there is load carrying slab falling with in dispression triangle.
If the roof slab is provided at a level well above the apex of the
dispresion triangl, uniformly distributed load carriied by slab is not, transferred
to lintel.If, however, the slab intersects the dispresion triangle, three type of
loads are transferred to the lintel :

Case 4

Fig 5

h2 =
Lsin 60 0
w3
slab

1. Load W1 due the weight of masonry contained in rectangle of height h1 equal to the height of slab above the lintel.
2. Load W2 carried by slab, in alength L.
3. Load W3 due to weight of masonry contained in equilateral triangle above the slab.
The design of lintel is similar to that R.C. beam discussed in beam . The width of lintel is normally kept equal to width of wall.
The
maximum

w2

h1

w1

L
\

Total M=

Wl

wL2

6
8
The maximum shear will act at the edge of opening and is given by
W
+
wll
F=
2
2

Case 5

Fig 6

Design of Lintel beam (H<L)

Name of work:1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

pkn

Clear Span (opening )

Wall width
Room size
Slab thickness
Lime tarrace Thickness
Super imposed load
Height of masonry above lintel
Conrete
Steel

Mfy

scbc

10 Nominal Cover
11 Reinforcement
Main Bottom
Anchor bars (top )
Strirrups

2.00
0.30
5.00
16
10
1.6
1.50
20
415
7
25
12
8
8

mm
mm

x
cm
cm
kN / m2
mtr

Unit wt. of masonry

wt. of concrete
Tensile stress
m

N/mm2
N/mm2
mm

Effective Cover

mmF
mmF
mmF

4
2
210

8 mm f 2 lgdstrips
210 mm c/c
210

18.00
0.16
0.10

mtr
mtr
mtr

19.00
24.00
230
13.3
30

kN / m3
kN / m3
N/mm2
mm

Nos.
Nos.
mm c/c

2000 mm

300
250

2000
300

mtr
mtr

300
8 mm F 2 nos anchor
bars
210
250
mm

300

300
4 nos bars
(a) L section

12

mmF

mmF top anchor bars

2 nos bars
8
mmF
2 nos bars
12
mmf 2 lgdstrips
210 mm c/c
mmF
4 nos bars
12
mmF
2 nos bars
12

25
mm cover

8
250
mm

200
mm
(b) section at mid span
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

200
section at supportmm

200
mm

25
mm cover

Design of Lintel Beam (when height is less)

Clear Span (opening )
Wall width
Room size
Slab thickness
Lime tarrace thickness
Super imposed load
Height of masonry above lintel
#REF!
M20
fy
415
Nominal cover
Effective cover

2.00
0.30
5.00
16.00
10.00
1.60
1.50
19.00

mtr
mtr or
300 mm
x 18.00 mtr
cm
or
0.16 mtr
cm
or
0.10 mtr
2
2
kN / m
1600 N/m
mtr
3
kN / m3
or
19000 N/m
3
wt. of concrete
24 kN/m
2
2
N/mm
Tensile stess =
230 kN/m
25 mm
30 mm

1 Design Constants:- For HYSD Bars

sst =
scbc =
m

Cocrete M =

= 230 N/mm2
N/mm3
=
7
= 13.33
k=

m*c

m*c+sst
j=1-k/3 =
1
R=1/2xc x j x k
= 0.5

20

wt. of concrete

2
= 25000 N/mm

= 0.289

13.33
13.33 x

x
7

0.289

0.904

7
+

3
or 24000 N/M

230

= 0.904
x 0.289 =

0.9130

2 Caculcation of B.M. :Let effective depth of beam

= span /10=
2
/
8 = 0.25 mtr
cover = 0.025 mtr
Assume Total depth of Beam = 0.25 +2 x cover = 0.25 +
2 x 0.03 = 0.30 mtr
Let width of Beam = width of wall
=
0.30 mtr
300 mm
self Load of Beam per meter run = 0.30 x
0.30 x
1
x #### = 2160 N/m
Effective span will be the minimum of following.
1 Center to center of bearing :
Providing a bearing of
0.30 mtr
L= 2.00
+ 0.30
= 2.30 mtr
0
60dispresion
Heigh of equtlateral triangle,
assuming
L
2.30
=
x
=
= 2.00 m
3
x 3
Lsin 60 0
2.00
2
Height of masonry above lintel
1.50 mtr
This is
> than the height of of the masonry above lintel. Hence load of the
slab will also transferred to lintel .
fig show the elevation, showing all the height. If we construct equilateral triangle above the top of slab.
Its apex will fall very much above the top of the parapet wall. Hence the weight of whole wall above
the lintel will transferred to the lintel. thus the load per mtr length of lintel will connist of the follwing.
(1) weight of wall :weight per meter run.=
2.16 x ####
=
12312 N
0.30 x
1
(2) Live load on strip =
x 5.00 x 1.00 x 1600
= 4000 N
2
1
(3) Dead weight of slab
=
x 5.00 x 1.00 x 0.16 x 24000 = 9600 N
2
Dead weight of Lime
1
(4)
=
x 5.00 x 1.00 x 0.10 x 19000 = 4750 N
concrete
2
Total load per meter run of lintel = 18350 N
\
Self weight of lintel
(5)
= 0.30 x 0.30 x
1
x 24000
= 2160 N
weight per meter run
Total weight = 12312 + #### + 2160 '= 32822
N
2
x
32822
x
2.30
2.3
wL
Max. possible Bending moment =
=
= 21704 N-m
8
8
3
6
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
or 21704 x 10
N-mm or 21.704 x 10
N-mm

2 Design of setion :Effective depth required

Let us take d

BM
Rxb

10 3

21704 x

=
0.913 x 300
290 mm \ D =d+2xcover =

281.50 mm
290 +

x 30

= 320 mm

8 mm dia links and a nominal cover of =

12 mm Fbar will be used. With
25 mm
320 25
8
D
=
12 / 2
= 281 Hence ok.
The total depth is much less than assumed value. However recalculation is not necessary,
because self weight of lintel is compratively smaller than the super imposed load.
Assuming that

4 Steel Reiforcement :3
x 10
= 371.56 mm2
x 281
2
x dia
=
3.14 x 12 x 12
using
x 100
4
x 100
/ 113 = 3.29
say
=
4
mm
Fbar,
Hence Provided
4
bars of
12
2
having, Ast =
4 x 113 = 452.16 mm
0.85
Min reinforcement is given by = Ast/A =
fy
0.85 x(
300 x
290 )=
2
Taking
fy
=
415
178
Nmm , Ast=
415
Since actual reinforcement provided is > than the design reinforcement . Hence O.K.
Bend
2 Bar at a distance = L / 7 = 2.30 /
7 = 0.30

BM

21704
sst x j x D
230 x
0.904
3.14
12 mmfbars Area =
4
Nomber of Bars = Ast/A =
372

Ast =

From the face of of each supports. Keep a nominal cover =

25

= 113

mm2

No.

mm2
m 300 mm

mm

5 Check for shear and design of shear reinforcement :The reaction at wall support will be uniformly distributed over the full width
Hence the shear force will be maximum at edge of support.
(As the edge
wl
32822 x
2
Maximum V =
=
= 32822 N
of aupport)
2
2
32822
tv
=
V/bd =
= 0.389 N / mm2
300 x 281
1
At b suppoprt,
x 452.16
= 226.1 mm2
2
At b suppoprt, 100Ast
100 x
226
=
= 0.268 %
300 x 281
bd
Hence from Table permissible shear (tc)for M 20 concrete, for 0.268 % steel = 0.210 N/mm2
Hence shear reinforcement is required.
tc .bd = 0.210 x
Vc
=
300 x 281 = 17703 N
V
=
####
- 17703 = 15119 N
\ Vs
V
=
c
Shear rasistance V s1 of bent up bars is
Vs1

ssv

=
=

0.707 x

Asv sin a =
230

0.707ssv x ASv

x 226.1 =

36763 N

But Vs1 Assined to inclined bars can not be more than =

=
Using

1/2

ssv x Asv x d
Vs1

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

7559.5 N only

mm 2-ldg. Strirrups
Ast

Sv =

x 15119 =

1/2Vs

=
=

2
230

3.14 x
4
x 100.5 x
7559.5
x

8
x
8
= 100.5
x 100
281
= 859 mm

mm2

However, maximum spacing corresponding to nominal shear strirrups is given by

Sv <
2.18 x 100.5 x 415
2.175 xAsv xFy
=
=
302 mm
b
300.00
0.75 x 281 = 211 mm
Subject to lesser than of (0.75xd or 300mm)
=
Hence provide the 8 mm strirrups @ 210 mm c/c throughout.
2
x
8 mmF holding bars at top
Provide
6 Check for devlopment length at supports :The code stipulates that at the simple supports, where reinforcement is confined
1.3xM1
by a compressive reaction, the diameter of the reinforcement be such that
+ L0 > Ld
V
1
Ast
=
x 452.16
= 226.1
mm2
2
M1
= moment of resistance of section, assuming all reinforcementstress sst
M1

"= Ast xs st x jc d
= 226.1
x
230

0.904

= 32822

Ld

Alternatively, Ld
= 45F
Taking bars straight
Ls
we have, Ld =(
x'
2
1.3 xM1
L0
+
=
1.3
V
=
648
7 Details of reinforcement:-

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

281

= 13.21 x

Fsst
or
4tbd

12

10 6 N-mm
x
1.6

230
x 0.8

=
45
x
12 =
540 mm
in the support, without any hook or bend with x'
300
=
- 25.00 = 125 mm
2
13.21 x 10 6
x
+ 125 = 648 mm
32822
> 539.1 Hence Code requirement are satisfied

= 539.1 mm

25

mm

0.30
0.4
0.66
10

cm Lime
concrete

60 0

60 0
Slab

16 cm RCC
slab

2.16

1.50
1.80

60 0

60 0
Lintel Beam
2.00
2.60

1.4

0.8

Floor

0.30

Design of Lintel Beam (when height is less)

8

mm F 2 - lgd strirrups @

210 mm c/c
2 8

mm F anchor bars

210

300

4 -

210

12 mm F bars

300

2000
300
mm

2 -

8 mm F
anchor bars

mm F bars
25 mm
2 -

8 mm F
2 Lgd strirrups
@ 210 mm c/c

300
mm

250
250 mm

25 mm
4 - 12 mm F bars
Section at mid span

2 - 12 mm F bars
section at support

12 mm F bars

VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS

Grade of concrete
Modular Ratio

M-15
18.67

M-20
13.33

M-25
10.98

M-30
9.33

M-35
8.11

M-40
7.18

scbc N/mm2
m scbc

8.5

10

11.5

13

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

kc

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

(a) sst =
140
N/mm2
(Fe 250)

jc

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

Rc

0.867

1.214

1.474

1.734

1.994

2.254

Pc (%)

0.714

1.214

1.429

1.643

1.857

kc

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

jc

0.89

0.89

0.89

0.89

0.89

Rc

0.89
0.732

1.025

1.244

1.464

1.684

1.903

Pc (%)

0.433

0.606

0.736

0.866

0.997

1.127

kc

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

jc

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

Rc

0.653

0.914

1.11

1.306

1.502

1.698

Pc (%)

0.314

0.44

0.534

0.628

0.722

0.816

kc

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

jc

0.916

0.916

0.916

0.914

0.916

0.916

Rc

0.579

0.811

0.985

1.159

1.332

1.506

Pc (%)

0.23

0.322

0.391

0.46

0.53

0.599

(b) sst =
190
N/mm2
(c ) sst =
230
N/mm2
(Fe 415)
(d) sst =
275
N/mm2
(Fe 500)

Permissible shear stress Table tv in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

100As
bd
< 0.15
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00 and above

Permissible shear stress in concrete

M-15
M-20
M-25
M-30
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.45
0.42
0.45
0.46
0.48
0.44
0.47
0.49
0.50
0.44
0.49
0.51
0.53
0.44
0.51
0.53
0.55
0.44
0.51
0.55
0.57
0.44
0.51
0.56
0.58
0.44
0.51
0.57
0.6

tv N/mm2
M-35
M-40
0.2
0.2
0.23
0.23
0.31
0.32
0.37
0.38
0.42
0.42
0.45
0.46
0.49
0.49
0.52
0.52
0.54
0.55
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.60
0.60
0.62
0.62
0.63

Maximum shear stress tc.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete

tc.max

M-15
1.6

M-20
1.8

M-25
1.9

M-30
2.2

M-35
2.3

M-40
2.5

Grade of concrete
tbd (N / mm2)

Shear stress tc
100As
M-20
bd
0.15
0.18
0.16
0.18
0.17
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.2
0.19
0.21
0.2
0.22
0.2
0.23
0.2
0.24
0.21
0.25
0.21
0.26
0.21
0.27
0.22
0.28
0.22
0.29
0.22
0.3
0.23
0.31
0.23
0.32
0.24
0.33
0.24
0.34
0.24
0.35
0.25
0.36
0.25
0.37
0.25
0.38
0.26
0.39
0.26
0.4
0.26
0.41
0.27
0.42
0.27
0.43
0.27
0.44
0.28
0.45
0.28
0.46
0.28
0.47
0.29
0.48
0.29
0.49
0.29
0.5
0.30
0.51
0.30
0.52
0.30
0.53
0.30
0.54
0.30
0.55
0.31
0.56
0.31
0.57
0.31
0.58
0.31
0.59
0.31
0.6
0.32
0.61
0.32
0.62
0.32

Reiforcement %
100As
M-20
bd
0.18
0.15
0.19
0.18
0.2
0.21
0.21
0.24
0.22
0.27
0.23
0.3
0.24
0.32
0.25
0.35
0.26
0.38
0.27
0.41
0.28
0.44
0.29
0.47
0.30
0.5
0.31
0.55
0.32
0.6
0.33
0.65
0.34
0.7
0.35
0.75
0.36
0.82
0.37
0.88
0.38
0.94
0.39
1.00
0.4
1.08
0.41
1.16
0.42
1.25
0.43
1.33
0.44
1.41
0.45
1.50
0.46
1.63
0.46
1.64
0.47
1.75
0.48
1.88
0.49
2.00
0.50
2.13
0.51
2.25

0.63
0.64
0.65
0.66
0.67
0.68
0.69
0.7
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.8
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.9
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14

0.32
0.32
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4

1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66

0.4
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46

1.67
1.68
1.69
1.70
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18

0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50

2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.70

0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.80
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2.90
2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94
2.95
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99
3.00
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15

0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

Permissible Bond stress Table tbd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concreteM-10
-tbd (N / mm2)

M-15
0.6

M-20
0.8

M-25
0.9

M-30
1

M-35
1.1

M-40
1.2

M-45
1.3

Development Length in tension

Plain M.S. Bars

H.Y.S.D. Bars

Grade of
concrete

tbd (N / mm2)

kd = Ld F

tbd (N / mm2)

kd = Ld F

M 15

0.6

58

0.96

60

M 20

0.8

44

1.28

45

M 25

0.9

39

1.44

40

M 30

35

1.6

36

M 35

1.1

32

1.76

33

M 40

1.2

29

1.92

30

M 45

1.3

27

2.08

28

M 50

1.4

25

2.24

26

Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of
concrete
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M

10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50

Permission stress in compression (N/mm 2) Permissible stress in bond (Average) for

Bending acbc
Direct (acc)
plain bars in tention (N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
3.0
5.0
7.0
8.5
10.0
11.5
13.0
14.5
16.0

Kg/m2
300
500
700
850
1000
1150
1300
1450
1600

(N/mm2)
2.5
4.0
5.0
6.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0

Kg/m2
250
400
500
600
800
900
1000
1100
1200

(N/mm2)
-0.6
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

in kg/m2
-60
80
90
100
110
120
130
140

00)
M-50
1.4