Professional Documents
Culture Documents
)
*
-
,
-
.1
,
(188
. . . 45 . . .) (
) , .
-
(. 70 140 . . .), [] Volso Rhodopen Caucasumque
penetravit (Epit. Bell. Omn. 1.39.20).
Volso2
.3
Volso 189 . . .
.4 ,
188 . . .5
,
, , .6
, .
,
. .
1
, .
, . - . : , (.).
. , 1974, . 9-31.
2
Piso.
3
.
4
. Ussher, James. The Annals of the World. Master Books, 2007, pp. 400-406 .
5
, . Tacheva, Margarita. Ancient Thrace and South-Eastern
Europe. Sofia, 1976, p. 48; Danov, Christo. Die Thraker auf dem Ostbalkan von der hellenistischen Zeit bis zur Grndung
Konstantinopels. Aufstieg und Niedergang der rmischen Welt, 2 (1979), S. 84 sq.; , .
. : , (.): , 2: . , 1982,
. 51 .; , . , 2. , 1987, . 52 .; ,
. , 2. , 2004, . 17.
- 190 . . ., .
, . . .
, 2008, . 233.
6
- .
(Syr. 43). ,
, , . Briscoe, John. A Commentary on Livy, books 38-40. Oxford, 2008,
p. 1 sq. et not. 4 - p. 143 sq. .
1 17
et Caeni
et Maduateni
10
11
12
castra
loco aperto posuit. Pars altera ad custodiam impedimentorum medio in saltu, duplici circumdato
vallo, mansit. Postero die prius explorato saltu, quam moverent, primis se coniungunt. In eo proelio
cum et impedimentorum et calonum pars et milites aliquot, cum passim toto prope saltu pugnaretur,
cecidissent, plurimum Q. Minucii Thermi morte damni est acceptum, fortis ac strenui viri. Eo die ad
. -
, ; ,
, . Smith, William. A dictionary of Greek and Roman
biography and mythology. London, 1862, p. 1285 sq., 8; Ussher. The Annals of the World. 2007, p. 400 .
8
: Asti Astii, . Briscoe. A Commentary on Livy. 2008, p. 144 (a).
.
9
: Caeni, Caenei Ceni, . Briscoe. A Commentary on Livy. 2008, p.
144 (b). .
10
. Briscoe. A Commentary on Livy. 2008, p. 144 (c). ; ,
, ,
. . . 2008, . 68 . .
11
Coreli Corneli(i), -
, Corpil(l)i,
. Briscoe. A Commentary on Livy. 2008, p. 144 (d) . ,
, (7.318), (Epist. Ex Ponto: 4.2.37;
4.8.83), (Argonaut. 5.89) (Mithr. 293).
12
Mendidium, . Briscoe. A Commentary on Livy. 2008, p. 146.
circa templum Bendidium, (10.3.18), .
,
- men Didium (?) Vendidium. , Mendidium
(Athanas. Proleg. 10);
.
2 17
Hebrum flumen peruentum est. Inde Aeniorum finis praeter Apollinis, Zerynthium
13
quem vocant
incolae, templum superant. Aliae angustiae circa Tempyra 14 excipiunt, hoc loco nomen est, nec minus
confragosae quam priores; sed, quia nihil siluestre circa est, ne latebras quidem ad insidiandum
15
praebent. Huc ad eandem spem praedae Thrausi , gens et ipsa Thraecum, conuenere; sed, quia
nudae valles, procul ut conspicerentur angustias obsidentes, efficiebant, minus terroris tumultusque
fuit apud Romanos; quippe etsi iniquo loco, proelio tamen iusto, acie aperta, signis collatis
dimicandum erat. Conferti subeunt et cum clamore impetu facto primum expulere loco hostis, deinde
avertere; fuga inde caedesque suis ipsos impedientibus angustiis fieri coepta est. Romani victores ad
16
13
18
,
. .
19
, , ;
20
. , Via Egnatia.
,
. , , . . ,
10 , ,
. ,
,
(?).
. (). ,
, ,
. ( . ), , . .
, 10 .
21
, , ,
.
22
, . , . , .
(?) .
. ,
.
23
18
. - . . 2008, . 49 .
Smith, William. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London, 1873, p. 318, 5; .
. 2008, . 29.
20
Loukopoulou. Thrace from Nestos to Hebros. 2004, p. 878, 645. (7, fr. 47)
120 ,
25 29 (It. Burd. 602, 5; IA 332, 2).
21
- . . 5 .
22
.
23
Tomaschek, Wilhelm. Die alten Thraker. Eine ethnologische Untersuchung. Wien, 1980, S. 69 sq.; , .
. , 1975, . 85 .; .
. 1982, . 51 .; . . 1983.
4 17
19
24
, ,
. , ,
, ,
25
, ,
;
.
, ,
.
.
26
-
)
27
(. , .
(. , . ).
28
(11 2 ), (1 ), (3
), (2 ), , ( 1
), (28 ), (1 ),
(9 ), (1 ), (3 ) (2
).
.
,
, , ;
- .
29
,
. 30
24
. . 1987, . 53 .
( ) , .
, , .
26
. . ., . Thompson, Margaret; Mrkholm, Otto; Kraay, Colin. An Inventory of Greek Coin Hoards. New York,
1973, 882-887. ,
, .
27
Thompson et al. An Inventory of Greek Coin Hoards. 1973, 872.
28
Ibidem, 874.
29
Bykekmekce, . ibidem, 867,
, -, . ibidem, 888.
30
, - :
Thompson et al. An Inventory of Greek Coin Hoards. 1973, 853 ( ); 854 ( 3
); 859 ( 7 , 1 ); 861 ( ); 870
5 17
25
, : []
B \ p p (App. Syr. 43).
184 . . .
V , (Liv. 39.35.4).
, 31,
(@ \ K) ,
, (). ,
. , ,
, (Polyb. 23.8; Liv.
39.53). , V
335 . . . 32
(. . 1), - . . .
- . ,
V . . . . 33
- .
34
- .
, .
.
, (19.33) ,
; ,
(171
168 . . .). , (7.10.6-7),
.
. -
( 1 ); 871 ( 1 ); 887 ( 1 ); 888 (
).
31
. , . . Summa
Thracologiae, 1. , 2000, . 122 . 31; , . .
, ( ).
32
. - Hammond, Nicholas & Walbank, Frank. A History of Macedonia, vol. 3: 336 167 BC.
Oxford, 2001 (reprinted), p. 468 . ( ).
33
- V . . ., . Thompson et
al. An Inventory of Greek Coin Hoards. 1973, 708.
34
. . 1983, . 52.
,
, , (CIL, XVI, 12 9. 71 . . .),
Sappa(eus). , -
, (
-) .
6 17
(22.18),
.35
V 179 . . .
36
;
.
37
, ,
- , . .: -
38
, ,
: ,
39
, .
:
. 180 160 . . .,
.
),
41
40
(. , .
(. , . ). -
42
43
,
.
,
35
Walbank, Frank. The Causes of the Third Macedonian War: Recent Views. Ancient Macedonia, 2 (1977), pp. 81-94.
Reiter, William. Aemilius Paullus, conqueror of Greece. New York, 1988, p. 124
.
37
, . Gruen, Erich. The Hellenistic World
and the coming of Rome. Berkley & Los Angeles, 1984, p. 403; Hammond & Walbank. A History of Macedonia. 2001,
p. 492 .
38
188 ., . .
. 1987, . 55; ,
- , ,
.
, , . Hammond & Walbank. A History of
Macedonia. 2001, p. 495, , . Gruen. The Hellenistic World. 1984, p. 23
not. 56.
39
,
, , . .
. 1987, . 55; . , . , 542 798
a. U. c. . , 1998, . 27 .
40
Thompson et al. An Inventory of Greek Coin Hoards. 1973, 890. - 36
V .
41
Ibidem, 889. 68 , 1
2 .
42
Ibidem, 888. 159 (- )
.
43
, . Gruen. The Hellenistic World. 1984, p. 505 sq.
7 17
36
. ,
.
44
, .
, . ,
45
(Autlesbim) ;
, - .
. -
.
46
(42.67.4)
47
[]
regulum Thracum, ,
(42.67) .
48
, ,
49
- , (Diod.
50
52
51
149 . . .
.
44
. . 1987, . 55.
(. ), (.
), . Petkov, Plamen. The Foreign Policy of the Odrysian Kingdom under Cotys and His Successor Teres [2nd
century BC]. Thracia XVII: In honorem annorum LX Cirili Yordanov. Serdicae, 2007, p. 187 sq. .
46
, : /
/ ; . Spomenik, 98, (1941 1948) 1948, 20, 46, 4.
47
Detschew, Dimitar. Die thrakishen Sprachreste. sterreichische Abteilung, XIV. Wien, 1957, S. 39,
.
48
(197 159 . . .),
, , ;
.
49
. . 1987, . 57; . .
1998, . 78 .
50
. . 1998, . 30 .
51
. Rubinsohn,
Wolfgang. Macedonian Resistance to Roman Occupation in the Second Half of the Second Century B. C. IN: Forms of
control and subordination in antiquity. Proceedings of the International Symposium for Studies on Ancient Worlds. Tokyo,
1988, p. 145.
52
Walbank, Frank. Prelude to Spartacus: The Romans in Southern Thrace 150-70 BC. IN: Spartacus. Symposium
rebus Spartaci gestis dedicatum 2025a. Sofia, 1981, p. 15; . . 1987, .
57.
8 17
45
146 . . . 45 . . . - -
- ,
, ,
.
53
- ,
.
54
. (132 129
. . .) .
55
. . .
,
.
, Fasti Triumphales: [C. Caeci]lius [Metellus Caprar(ius)] ( 15.
56
111 .: ex Thraecia)
57
( ) 4. 27 .
58
, -.
, .
,
( 113 . . .), ; ,
.59 (?)
, 110 . . . 60
( 110 . . .) , [] toto vastavit Hebro,
multis quidem amissis, dum per perfidum glacie flumen equitatur (Flor. 1, 39)61,
53
.
, (FD, III/1: 526b)
[] []{ >[, ] { { []p
62
A[ ]...
, (Rom. 219-22) , ,
( Fest. Brev. 9.2), [] Minucius in Ebro amne eorum multos extinxit et vicit
(Iord. Rom. 220). 63,
64
.
66
. .
,
.
68,
.
, . . 69,
70,
. ,
- .
- .
(. 1)
, . . .
57 (!).
, -
,
.
, ,
.
80- . . .
( ), -
. , (? 93 87
. . .), (89 85 . . .)
(Sothimus)
68
Mnzer, Friedrich. Didius. Paulys Real-Encyclopdie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft. Neue Bearbeitung, 5
(1905), col. 406,44 410,25.
69
. , . , . , . -
V . . ., . , , .
. , . , 2 (1969), . 227-241. . . .
, , . , .
. , 2 (1988), . 443-451.
- . , . , . , . , .
, .
, (11) 2007, . 51-85.
70
. , . , . , . V . .
., . , . . .
, 1999, . 83. . , . ,
. , . , . -, .
. , 1987, 92. . , . , . , .
, . . . , . , .
. Thracia Antiqua, 9 (1980), . 65-102.
11 17
, 71;
, (Oros.
5.18.30).72 , (
Cic. In Pis. 34.84).73 .
- ,
, (Per. 83: Sylla compluribus proeliis Thracas cecidit),
(Plut. Sulla 23.5: r [ [ T),
(App. Mithr. 55: <74 p p
, V; Eutr. 5.7: ... Sulla etiam Dardanos, Scordiscos, Dalmatas et
75
77 76 . . .
(Amm. Marc. 27.4.5; Eutrop. Brev. 6.2.1; Iord. Rom. 21976
20).
, ,
, , (75 73 .)
. (Liv. Per. 92 Sallust. Hist. 2.5/Fr. 80
).
77
,
70- . . .78
,
(Mithr. 291-294) V.
(73 63 . . .), : [] u
p < p p J @ { % _ > _
71
{ y r, p Tp q { B . (294) S
[ p \ } . p T T {
p sq Tp U.
S p D } p w T.
, , .
72 . . .
79
[] qui cum durissima gente Bessorum conflixit omnium primus, eodemque impetu
Haemimontanos acriter resistentes, oppressit. Quo inminente, Thraciae omnes in dicionem veterem
transiere nostrorum, hocque modo post procinctus ancipites, rei publicae sex provinciae sunt
quaesitae (Amm. Marc. 27.4.11). ,
, ,
, (Per. 97) : [] M.
Lucullus procos. Thracas subegit. (Illyr. 30)
,
, (IScM, III:
1); (Hist. 3.51)
80
, -
, ,
. ,
, .
,
. 61 . . .
, [] procos. in Thracia parum prospere rem gessit (Liv. Per.
103), , (. Cass. Dio
38.10.1-3; 51.26.5), 59 . . . , 60 58 . .
., (Suet. Aug. 94.5) [] Bessis ac Thracibus
81
-,
: 500 .,
, ; ? (Rhascypolis) 200 .
(?); : [] Bessos
79
partim mercenarios, partim imperio aut gratia comparatos adiecerat (Caes. B. C. 3.4).82
.
(B. C. 4.11.87 sq.)
(42 . . .), , ,
.
83
84
(>) (>) :
, .
3.000 (App. B. C. 4.11.87).
:
;
.
[] 85, [] D S B T {
p B p \ (App. B. C. 4.13.103).
( ?) - ,
(B. C. 4.17.136) : []
> S } L T T | .
,
86
, .
, ,
, , 27 .
. .
88
89
(28 . . .)
. - Sullivan, Richard. Thrace in the Eastern Dynastic Network. Aufstieg und Niedergang der
rmischen Welt, 2.7.1 (1979), p. 190 sq.; . . 2000, . 160 .;
. ( ).
83
- ,
, .
84
. . 1987, . 82 .
85
- ,
- .
86
Danov. Die Thraker auf dem Ostbalkan. 1979, S. 121 sq.; , . . , 1982, . 144 .; .
. 1987, . 70 .
87
Syme. The Provincial at Rome. 1999, p. 147.
88
Flor. 2.26 .
89
, (Per. 134),
(51.25.4), , .
14 17
D B s, T p q p [ T o p { {
B T, [ B (Cass. Dio 51.25.5).
,
90
: 24 23 . . .
91
93
11 . .
., , ,
(Cass. Dio 54.34.5-7), 21 . . ., (Ann. 3.38)
(2.96.2) ,
.
26 . . . (Ann. 4.49-50),
.
94
, . .
.95
, ,
(. . 2).
,
. . . ,
. . . (. . 1 2)
,
90
. . 1946, . 258; Danov. Die Thraker auf dem Ostbalkan. 1979, S. 123 sq.;
. . 1982, . 145 .; . . 1987, . 71 .
91
Southern, Pat. Augustus. London & New York, 1998, p. 108 sq.; Syme. The Provincial at Rome. 1999, p. 197.
92
Syme. The Provincial at Rome. 1999, p. 203; Wilkes, John. The Danubian and Balkan provinces. IN: The Cambridge
Ancient History, vol. 10: The Augustan Empire, 43 BC AD 69. Cambridge, 2008, p. 551.
93
Sarafov, Todor. Les Besses et Rome. IN: Actes du Premier congres international des
Etudes Balkaniques es Sud-Est Europeennes: II. Archologie, Histoire de lAntiquit, Arts. Sofia, 1969, p. 141 sq.; .
( ).
94
. . 1982, . 150 .
95
. (. ), . , . . , .
. , .
. , , 1. , 2008, . 40-50; . (. ),
. , . . , , .
. 2001 . 2001
. , 2002, . 42-44.
15 17
. 8
- , .
. . .
,
.
, .
, ,
,
,
. ,
. ,
( -)
. . .
(. . 1), .
. . (. . 2).
,
- ,
. ,
, ,
. ,
- .96
96
, [] Nicopolis ex Bessia, . Roxan, Margaret & Holder, Paul. A
Diploma of the Ravenna Fleet: 1 August 142. Zeitschrift fr Papyrologie und Epigraphik, (149) 2004, pp. 267-274. .
Boteva, Dilyana. Octavian against Mark Antony and the Fate of Nicopolis near Philippi. IN: Proceedings of the Xth
International Congress of Thracology. Athens, 2007, pp. 80-85.
16 17
. 1: . . .97
. 2: . . .98
97
. - Thompson et al. An Inventory of Greek Coin Hoards. 1973, 947, 946, 945, 948, 944, 949,
950, 951, 943, 941, 942 (200 100 . . .); 906, 904, 902, 903, 905, 899, 900, 901 (150 100 . . .); 952, 912,
914, 911, 939, 940, 913, 938, 939, 937, 936, 935, 934, 908, 909, 915, 896, 929, 917, 918, 928, 920, 910, 919, 921, 922,
923, 926, 927, 933, 924, 930, 898, 897, 925, 953, 954, 907 (125 100 . . .).
98
. Paunov, Evgeni & Prokopov, Ilya. An Inventory of Roman Republican Coin Hoards. Milano, 2002, 127, 17,
120, 114, 113, 63, 5, 7, 18, 103, 130, 55, 110, 62 (99 71 . . .); 118, 106, 54, 61, 100, 108, 11, 112, 101, 111, 27,
70, 58, 131, 123, 51, 41, 44, 40, 68 (65 42 . . .); 50, 26, 122, 132, 102, 115, 59, 71, 48, 67 (41 31 . . .);
119, 1, 2, 29, 45, 47, 43, 117, 105, 30, 65, 129 (31 20 . . .); 77, 25, 109, 39, 116, 53, 3, 126, 52, 64 (20 1 . .
.). ,
, .
17 17