ByZelfikar Jemal (MSc.

InSustainableEnergyEngineering) 2005EC 2005 EC

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Heating and Cooling Demand Calculations

Outlines: O li

Introduction Heatloadcalculations Annualheatingenergydemand Annual heating energy demand Coolingdemandcalculations Basicequation How to remove the excess heat Howtoremovetheexcessheat. Calculationexercises
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Introduction

Building are supposed to provide safe and comfortable internal environment despite external conditions. Which is attributed to HVAC

Heating demand calculations involves:

1. Heat load calculations 2. Annual heating demand calculations

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Heat demand calculations :

1. Used to design the heating system des g t e eat g syste
How many radiators How large radiators Heat source requirement

2. Used to determine the amount of energy needed. d d

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Heat demand calculations

Heating demand :

The amount of energy, which is necessary to maintain the desired room temperature by compensating the excess of losses compared to the gains (heat balance).!!!
Heat balance of buildings: The heat balance of a building includes all sources and sinks of energy inside a building.
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These heat flows can be categorized as: 1. Heat losses and 2. Heat gains

On what does the heat losses depends?

Indoor and outdoor temperature

Area of walls floor roof windows doors walls, floor, roof, windows,

Insulation of walls, floor, roof, windows, doors

Ventilation and infiltration flow rates

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 Pressure difference between the indoors and outdoors cause leakage through cracks near windows doors and corners of the house windows, doors, house. Usually the leakage is around 0.1-0.3 ACH for new houses, and 0.51.5 1 5 ACH f old h for ld houses.

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Heatgains
People Each human being dissipates about 100 W/person Electric appliances and lighting Heat losses in appliances are dissipated in the heated space. Solar irradiation Heat gained by transmission sunlight through windows (mainly) of

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ElectricappliancesandLighting: Remembertouseatimeaveragedmean valueoftheheatgained. value of the heat gained Allappliancesarenotusedatthesametime! All appliances are not used at the same time!

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The energy balance is

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Coolingdemandcalculations
This can be treated in a similar manner as for annual heating g demand.

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Heatgains
Heat gains from people depends on the number of people and their activity. Heat gains from electrical appliances are the sum of their heat losses at a given point of Time.

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Example 1:

Solar irradiation on a wall

A wall is exposed to solar irradiation. The temperature on the outside of the wall is 20 C and the heat transfer C coefficient on the wall outside is 10 W/(mK). The temperature on the inside of the wall is 20 C. The overall p heat transfer coefficient of the wall is 0.2 W/(mK). The solar intensity is 100 W/m and the absorptivity is 100%. Calculate the total heat transmission through the wall.

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To calculate the Heating / Cooling load required i. ) Building information ii.) Weather data at the design locality and cond
iii.) iii ) Other various system schedule pattern, info schedule, pattern info

Outdoor temperature for heating calc

The Design Outdoor Temperature (DOT) should be used. The DOT is the lowest temperature that has prevailed during a certain time period (one, or five consecutive days) during the last 30 years.

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