Chapter I The Impact of Tourism I have learned that tourism can give benefits to an area.

It creates an employment opportunity for the local residents as well as to promote the cultural awareness and can help preserve local culture and traditions whilst, it also brings negative effects and problems that can affect if not properly planned and without careful control can jeopardize the society. Tourism as a part of economy guarantees the part in which it takes place either a resort or a whole nation and that so, it has economic effects. First is the effects on income The sum of all incomes in a country earned in a year is called national income which can be used for the future development of local infrastructures and services of a country. An income comes from the wages, salaries, interest, taxes, rent, and even profits earned from the tourism businesses. Second, is the employment this is the most significant benefit of tourism industry since it offers a big range of job opportunities to local residents and for the unemployed graduates or people. As it were mentioned in the class, there are three types of employment generated by tourism. These are direct, indirect, and induced employment. As I understand about direct employment is giving directly the goods and services to tourists like hotels, bars, restaurant etc. Indirect employment and Induced employment, in a broad sense I really do not get it enough what possibly it means because of its deep meaning. Third, is the balance of payments it is a record of all financial transactions of goods, services and funds in and out of the country in a due period. Last is the Investment and Development if the area became progressive and economically ahead, possibly there would be an increase of business investments in an area.

Notwithstanding, there are also negative economic aspects of tourism, countries who heavily rely on tourism can lead the tourism to changes consumer taste and economic recession in the source of the country and yet it was called overdependence on tourism. Meanwhile, inflation may also occur, it is the continuous rise of prices and goods within the country. High leakages and high demand are also one of its negative aspects. There are also social impacts of tourism benefited to the local residents and to tourists. It ensures total accessible for the people and it changes and upgrades the quality of life. Preservation, conservation to the cultural values, destroying no anyones dignity and integrity should always to keep in mind between the local residents and tourists. Tourism became a mediator between the host and the tourist. It creates hospitality, friendship and even love to the people. Tourists can be distinguished into seven types of their intense relation to the local residents on how they interact (according to Smith): first is the explorer very active participant of all type tourists. He can easily adopt the environment and the atmosphere. He possesses no attention and special treatment .Second is the elite is few in numbers. He can also easily adopt the local lifestyle of the environment he visited but he refers a tour guide about his travel. Third is Off-Beat he can adopt whatever the changes or the given simple accommodation and services. Fourth is the Unusual Tourist he love to stay where the culture are being preserved, as long as he can safely return to the place or to the familiar places and people. Fifth is the Incipient Mass Tourist He seeks fun and at the same time he is a businessperson, and a type of visitor who seeks modern facilities and amenities for his travel. Sixth is the Mass Tourists for me they are a group of wealthy people who can afford of paying the

services and amenities. They have their familiar tastes of things. They get what they pay for. The seventh and the last is the Character Tourist He is very strict particularly in the host-visitor interaction. His interaction with them is limited and private. Like mass tourist they seek modern services and facilities while they were on stay. Like what we have learned for the past meetings, there are also positive social effects of tourism. One is substantial binding between the modern world countries and the developing countries. The people are traveling without fear and they have crossed the national barriers and entered the international market where the things have become more accepting and easy. The learning and the interaction ability of the people have increased by the social change. Another one is the adaptation to the realities of modern life and improvement of the host countrys lifestyle. It changes the quality of life from the accustomed lifestyle to a modernized one such as; standard set of attitudes, values, and beliefs, infrastructures like important buildings hospitals, schools etc., ensuring total accessible, relevant and reliable facilities and services to society. Creating an equal employment opportunities to the women and benefit workers children for higher education. Next is the use of foreign language that brought the people to get in touch with other language. Improved health conditions & disease control - tourists desire for high quality of public facilities raises the standard for the local community and at the same time, residents become aware of good hygiene. Meanwhile, negative social effects occur when the factors are being isolated such as social saturation, whereby local residents tend to compete with the tourists for the limited resources. Changes in the social structure women get more job than men do, traditional forms of employment and livelihood are altered. Nowadays, some of the young people abandoned the

importance of family closeness and the respect to the elders gradually lost. Community problems may also takes place; prostitution is one of its major problems. The tourists became the source of snatching and robbery. Local residents imitate the tourists behavior and actions. Acculturation is when two or more persons or group are interacting and in contact with each other, they adapted some traits and platforms of behaviors. Cultural Convergence happens when the less developed countries seek new improvements and developments; they tried to adopt European Culture and technology. Tourism helps the continuation and maintenance of cultural remains and its identity. People were always reminded of how important culture and history are, by tourism. Moreover, the folkloric traditions, customs, art and the way people live before the modern world helps attract tourists and visitors. An example are the Igorots together with their livelihood which is rice planting, also called Banaue Rice Terraces is one of the worlds heritage site that was still preserved until now. Their traditional clothes and dresses, god statues, instruments and dance helps attract visitors and tourists. On the contrary, there are also negative aspects that contribute to the destruction of culture that led to the loss of artifacts and information. Native people, who should protect the heirlooms of the ancient people, sell it to the tourists for the sake of money. The local residents who should restore and protect were captivate by greediness. Tourism can significantly contribute to environmental protection, conservation and restoration of biological diversity and sustainable use of natural resources. Because of their attractiveness, pristine sites and natural areas are identified as valuable and the need to keep the attraction alive can lead to creation of national parks and wildlife

parks. Tourism has had a positive effect on wildlife preservation and protection efforts, notably in Africa but also in South America, Asia, Australia, and the South Pacific. Numerous animal and plant species have already become extinct or may become extinct soon. Many countries have therefore established wildlife reserves and enacted strict laws protecting the animals that draw nature-loving tourists. Because of these measures, several endangered species have begun to thrive again. Tourism can have negative impacts on environment. It can encourage water depletion, deforestation, pollution, global warming, loss of biodiversity and damage to cultures. However, it can also lead to environmental awareness raising, the protection of sensitive areas, to the creation of employment and infrastructure and to the fostering of peace and the strengthening of communities. Overall Conclusion for Chapter 1 Tourism as a key to development brought advantages and disadvantages in economy, socially, in culture, and even in the environment through the cooperation of the government agencies, the local residents and the visitors/tourist. Each of them contributed functions whether it is because of their misconduct or full attention. Consequently, it leads the way for a better understanding, improvements and reduces the risk of losing the equal balance of tourism. Following the proper guidelines and proper planning, surely a sustainable tourism prevailed over negative aspects. Tourism will reach further up to the future generation if we simply take the options to the positive side, definitely we will receive the benefits.